下载文档原格式
[高等教育]土木工程专业英语上册翻译苏小卒编同济大学本课程介绍在学习普通英语(包括常用词汇和语法结构)的基础上，接合前几个学期已经掌握的关于土木工程的专业知识，本课程节选了《土木工程专业英语》上册中的内容，涉及建筑材料、材料力学、结构力学、钢筋混凝土结构、钢结构、测量、土力学、招投标、建筑施工等九个方面的专业英语知识，从而使大家对土木工程领域内的专业词汇以及科技类文献中的常用句型有个初步的、基本的学习和了解，为以后查阅专业文献和参与国际交流打好基础。
第三单元The principal construction materials of earlier times were wood and masonry-brick, stone, or tile, and similar materials. The courses or layers(砖层)were bound together with mortar or bitumen, a tarlike substance, or some other binding agent. The Greeks and Romans sometimes used iron rods or clamps to strengthen their building. The columns of the Parthenon in Athens(雅典的帕台农神庙), for example, have holes drilled(钻孔) in them for iron bars that have now rusted away(锈蚀殆尽). The Romans also used a natural cement called pozzolana, made from volcanic ash, that became as hard as stone under water.早期主要的建筑材料是木材和砌体，如砖、石、瓦以及类似的材料。
Unit1The Evolution of Transport交通工具的演化The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the earth’s history．Transport’s early functi on was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies and building materials．But with the formation of tribes，then peoples，and finally nations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. At first there was mobility required for individuals，clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribal aggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle．As tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense．When the first nations came into being，transport played a major role in establishing national integrity．交通工具的演变紧密相连的人类在整个地球的历史发展。
城乡规划英语教材同济大学City and Rural Planning English Textbook at Tongji UniversityIntroductionCity and rural planning plays a crucial role in shaping the physical, social, and economic development of urban and rural areas. It involves the design and management of land use, infrastructure, transportation systems, and public spaces. The City and Rural Planning English textbook at Tongji University provides a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of this field.Chapter 1: Introduction to City and Rural PlanningThis chapter serves as an introduction to the concept of city and rural planning. It explores the history, principles, and objectives of planning, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development, community participation, and integrated approaches. The chapter also introduces the key stakeholders involved in the planning process and discusses the current challenges faced by urban and rural areas.Chapter 2: Urban PlanningIn this chapter, students will gain knowledge about urban planning, focusing on the design and development of cities. It covers topics such as urban growth patterns, land use planning, transportation systems, and public space design. Case studies from different cities around the world are included to provide practical examples and insights into successful urban planning projects.Chapter 3: Rural PlanningChapter 3 delves into the unique challenges and considerations involved in rural planning. It addresses issues related to sustainable agriculture, rural infrastructure development, natural resource management, and rural tourism. The chapter also highlights the significance of preserving cultural heritage and traditional lifestyles in rural areas.Chapter 4: Planning Policies and RegulationsThis chapter explores the policies and regulations that govern the city and rural planning processes. It discusses the role of government agencies, legislation, and zoning regulations in guiding development and ensuring compliance with planning standards. The chapter also examines the challenges in implementing planning policies and the need for adaptive strategies.Chapter 5: Urban Renewal and RegenerationUrban renewal and regeneration are crucial for the revitalization of deteriorated urban areas. This chapter focuses on various approaches to urban renewal, including adaptive reuse, brownfield redevelopment, and urban regeneration projects. It also highlights the importance of community engagement and the equitable distribution of benefits during the renewal process.Chapter 6: Sustainable Development in PlanningSustainable development is a fundamental principle in city and rural planning. This chapter explores strategies for promoting sustainability, including green infrastructure, renewable energy, compact urban design, andwaste management. It emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and long-term planning to address current and future environmental challenges.Chapter 7: Urban Design and Landscape ArchitectureChapter 7 introduces students to the principles and practices of urban design and landscape architecture. It covers topics such as site planning, urban morphology, streetscape design, and public art. The chapter emphasizes the role of aesthetics and the creation of livable and inclusive environments in urban and rural areas.ConclusionThe City and Rural Planning English textbook at Tongji University provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the principles, practices, and challenges in city and rural planning. By combining theoretical knowledge with practical case studies, the textbook equips students with the necessary skills to contribute to the sustainable development of urban and rural areas. Whether pursuing careers in planning, architecture, or related fields, students will be equipped with the knowledge and critical thinking abilities needed to tackle the complex challenges of urbanization in the 21st century.。
第92届TRB会议美国之行的感与悟交通运输工程学院交通信息工程及控制2011级博士研究生杨文臣一、前言受“同济大学国际会议奖励基金”的经费资助，在2013年01月12日至2013年01月19日期间，我到美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区参加了美国科学院交通研究委员会组织的第92届美国交通研究年会（The Transportation Research Board (TRB) 92nd Annual Meeting）。
TRB年会由美国运输研究委员会所主办，是交通研究领域内最具权威的顶级国际会议。
TRB年会涵盖所有交通领域内所关注的问题，会议拥有超过4000场展示、750个分组会议和专题讨论会。
与会者包括政策制定者、管理者、从业者、研究人员、政府、工业界和学术机构的代表。
超过40个会议和研讨会讨论2013年交通发展研究的主题：部署交通运输的科学研究——更聪明、更好、更快。
从美国归来1月有余，闲时翻阅着在美期间的一张张精彩相片，嘴角是微笑的；脑海中浮现出一幅幅美丽的好人、好事和好景，时而让我迷恋忘返，忆起1月份7日在美的光景，心情是美丽的。
会议直击、感知美国、归来感悟构筑了我在美国的美丽日记。
二、会议直击1月15日下午2点至3点45，我被安排在华盛顿希尔顿酒店国际会议中心进行分区海报展示。
此次会议张贴了标题为《A Large-Scale Agent-Based Transport Simulation in Shanghai, China》的海报，并回答了对此课题研究感兴趣的到场学者和工程师的有关问题，并就后绪的研究和合作做了较深入的交流。
报告展示了同济大学交通运输工程学院交通信息系研究团队在大尺度城市交通宏观仿真研究方面的最新成果：采用多代理和大尺度仿真技术验证了基于活动交通需求预测方法在中国大城市的可行性和有效性，提出了一套基于活动交通需求预测方法及仿真的解决方案，尤其适用于基础数据可获得性受限制的应用环境下。
Transportation交通工具英语讲解课件一、教学内容本节课选自英语教材第5册“Travel and Transportation”章节，详细内容包括交通工具的英文命名，如car, bus, train, plane, bicycle等；各种交通工具的特点及用途；相关英语句型，例如：“How do you go to school?”和“I go to schoolbus/train/plane.”二、教学目标1. 让学生掌握交通工具的英文表达，并能正确运用。
2. 培养学生运用英语描述日常出行方式的能力。
3. 增强学生对不同交通工具特点的认识，培养他们的环保意识。
三、教学难点与重点重点：交通工具的英文命名及其用法。
难点：如何运用英语描述出行方式，以及各种交通工具的特点。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：PPT课件、交通工具图片、磁铁、黑板。
2. 学具：单词卡片、练习册、彩色笔。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示交通工具图片，引导学生用英语说出他们认识的交通工具。
2. 新课内容：讲解新单词和句型，让学生跟读并模仿。
a. 教师展示PPT，介绍各种交通工具的英文表达。
b. 学生跟读，并进行小组竞赛，看哪个小组读得最准确。
c. 教师给出例句，引导学生用新学的单词造句。
3. 实践情景引入：邀请学生扮演乘客，用英语描述他们的出行方式。
4. 例题讲解：讲解如何回答“How do you go to school?”这个问题，并给出几个示例。
5. 随堂练习：让学生两人一组，互相提问并回答关于出行方式的问题。
六、板书设计1. 板书Transportation2. 板书内容：交通工具单词：car, bus, train, plane, bicycle等。
句型：“How do you go to school?”和“I go to school bus/train/plane.”七、作业设计1. 作业题目：a. 根据所学单词，画出你最喜欢的交通工具，并标注英文。
土木工程学院交通工程专业中英文翻译Road Design专业：交通工程英文原文The Basics of a Good RoadWe have known how to build good roads for a longtime. Archaeologists have found ancient Egyptian roadsthat carried blocks to the pyramids in 4600 BCE. Later，the Romans built an extensive road system，using thesame principles we use today。
Some of these roads arestill in service.If you follow the basic concepts of road building，youwill create a road that will last。
The ten commandmentsof a good road are:（1）Get water away from the road（2）Build on a firm foundation（3）Use the best materials（4）Compact all layers properly（5）Design for traffic loads and volumes(6）Design for maintenance（7）Pave only when ready(8）Build from the bottom up（9）Protect your investment（10）Keep good records1．Get water away from the road35324 89FC 觼30582 7776 睶21205 52D5 動/34600 8728 蜨6sWe can’t overemphasize the importance of good drainage.Engineers estimate that at least 90% of aroad'sproblems can be related to excess water or to poor waterdrainage. Too much water in any layer of aroad’sstructure can weaken that layer, leading to failure。
２０１２年第１期 （总第２１５期） 黑龙江交通科技
ＨＥ ＬＬＯＮＧＪｌＡＮＧ ＪｌＡＯＴＯＮＧ ＫＥＪ Ｎｏ．１，２０１２
（Ｓｕｍ Ｎｏ．２１５）
基于公共交通工具的出行安全宣传教育研究 程馨莹 ，潘晓东 ，李君羡。，周 源 ，葛大劫 （１．同济大学交通运输工程学院；２．同济大学电子与信息２１２程学院）
摘要：针对行人安全教育在交通安全科普教育宣传中具有非常重要的地位。从轨道交通的利用人群、宣传 投放位置、教育内容、宣传教品以及效果评价等方面探讨了基于公共交通工具的安全宣传教育的问题。根据 利用轨道交通的３种主要人群——学生、老人以及中青年在车厢内的注视点分布特性，确定了交通安全宣传 教品的投放位置；明确了相应的出行安全教育内容、教育宣传作品及形式；经问卷调查结果确认了研究结果 具有实际应用价值，对提高交通活动参与人的安全意识、普及交通安全知识有借鉴意义。 关键词：轨道交通；出行安全；宣传教育 中图分类号：Ｕ４９２ 文献标识码：Ｃ 文章编号：１００８—３３８３（２ｏ１２）Ｏｌ一００９６—０２
随着城市交通的日益发达，来自交通的安全隐患也与日 俱增。公安部交通管理局发布的全国道路交通事故情况显 示，２００９年全国共发生道路交通事故２３８ ３５１起，造成 ６７ ７５９人死亡、２７５ １２５人受伤。与国外的交通事故多发生 在车与车之间不同，我国８９．Ｏ１％交通事故是由于行人违法 穿行机动车道造成的。这与我国在交通安全科普教育方面 的欠缺有密切关系。因此，重视交通安全、开展交通安全科 普宣传教育刻不容缓，而如何针对行人进行出行安全宣传教 育是降低交通事故率的关键。 同济大学将交通安全宣教对象人群划分为９类，并基于 研究给出了各类人群相应的教育特征和教育内容（内部资 料）。而基于公共交通工具的出行安全宣传教育研究尚未 深入。 公共交通包括轨道交通、公交系统、出租车等。在公共 交通体系中，城市轨道交通系统具有快速、大运量、可靠性高 等特点，担当着城市客运骨干的作用。为此，充分利用公共 交通工具受众面广的优势，开展以轨道交通为代表的公共交 通工具上安全相关的宣传教育研究，从而提高交通参与人的 安全意识、普及出行的交通安全知识是一种可行性较好的方 法。 １交通工具利用人群 交通安全教育的受教人群一般可根据年龄和人生阶段、 社会身份和职业、所处地区的经济发达程度、采用的主要交 通方式等进行划分。不同研究机构采用不同划分方式，其主 要受教人群也不尽相同。我国城市居民出行的原因有上班、 上学、出差、购物和娱乐等，其中主要客流是由上班和上学产 生的。城市轨道交通由于便捷、低价的特点，成为多数出行 人群选用的出行方式。据调查，上班族和学生族是使用上海 轨道交通的主要人群，外来务工人员或旅客也会选择乘坐轨 道交通。以年龄划分利用公共交通工具的人群不仅标准清 晰明了，而且不会有遗漏，据此分类分别研究并开展出行安 全教育较为合理。 同济大学划分的９类重点受教人群中，除去小驾龄（≤３ 年）驾驶员、营运驾驶员、助动车驾驶员等不依赖公共交通 工具出行的人群外余下的主要为幼儿、中（初中）小学生、老 年人、公务员、农村居民、外来务工人员等，不考虑其社会身 份和职业，仅从年龄角度又可划分学生、老年人以及中青年 等３类主要人群。在公共交通工具如轨道交通车厢内的开 展的出行安全教育的受众面也将主要是这３类人群。需针 对这些群体在交通安全知识、安全意识水平、受教情况、适合 的教育形式等方面的总体分布状况，制定出相应的教育方 案。 ２交通工具中宣传投放位置 近年来，我国在公共交通工具上已出现丰富的广告投放 方式，例如移动传媒、触动传媒、图片广告以及悬挂宣传册 等，但广告的投放数量不多，仍有许多空间未被开发，与国外 相比存在明显差距。日本在轨道交通车厢内的实际广告栏 数量非常庞大（图１），其实践应用已经非常成熟。
按：混迹于科学网有一段时间了（追随闫小勇老师来到这里），正式注册用户也已经好几天，但是实在算不得科学工作者，因此迟迟不敢发表什么文章。
下面的文字是我购得的一本专业参考文献的目录翻译，英文水平很有限，主要目的是为了给自己读这本书的做一个整体上的参考，发表在这里，权当占坑之用。
————————我是在科学网博客占坑用的分割线————————7月22日拿到“应用”部分，7月27日拿到“基础”部分，美版交通工程算是到手了。
只可惜满篇（有些人在后面加了些中文的内容）的英文，实在不能像看汉语那样扫一眼就能了解个大概。
于是，对照着目录写一个翻译，以对这本书有一个整体的了解。
我不是崇洋媚外的人，但是西方人对待学术，比中国人严肃的多。
注：还在时断时续的翻译，看到哪里，就翻到哪里。
书名：《TRAFFIC ENGINEERING》原书第3版作者：ROGER P.ROESSELENA S.PRASSASWILLIAM R.MCSHANE简介：交通工程是典型的新兴交叉学科，交通工程作为国家的“生命血液循环系统”涵盖了广泛的工程应用领域。
本书是美国英文原版教材，有Pearson Education公司2004年出版第3版。
原版教材共27章，除第1章交通工程概述外分为4部分：交通系统组成及其特性、交通研究及要点、高速公路和乡村公路系统的应用、城市道路系统应用。
前言（Preface）第1章交通工程介绍（Introduction to Traffic Engineering）第1部分交通系统构成和特性（Components of the Traffic System and Their Characteristics）第2章道路使用者和车辆的特性（Road User and Vehicle Characteristics）第3章道路和道路的几何特性（Roadways and Their Geometric Characteristics）第4章交通控制策略介绍（Introduction to Traffic Control Devices）4.1 统一交通控制手册（The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices MUTCD）4.2 交通标线（Traffic Markings）4.2.1 颜色与模式（Colors and Patterns）4.2.2 纵向标线（Longitudinal Markings）4.2.3 横向标线（Transverse Markings）4.2.4 标记（Object Markers）4.2.5 反光导标（Delineators）4.3 交通标志（Traffic Signs）4.3.1 禁止标志（Regulatory Signs）4.3.2 警告标志（Warning Signs）4.3.3 指示标志（Guide Signs）4.4 交通信号（Traffic signals）4.5 特殊类型的控制（Special Types of Control）4.6 小结（Summary and Conclusion）A4 中国交通管理与控制第5章交通流特性（Traffic Stream Characteristics）第6章智能运输系统（Intelligent Transportation Systems）第2部分交通研究和要点（Traffic Studies and Programs）第7章统计学在交通工程中的应用（Statistical Application in Traffic Engineering）第8章交通量研究及其特性（Volume Studies and Characteristics）第9章速度、行驶时间和延误研究（Speed, Travel Time, and Delay Studies）第10章事故：研究、统计和要点（Accidents: Studies, Statistics, and Programs）第11章停车：研究、特性、设施和要点（Parking: Sudies, Characteristics, Facilities, and Programs）第3部分高速路和乡间公路系统应用（Applications to Freeway and Rural Highway Systems）第12章高速路和多车道公路通行能力和服务水平分析（Capacity andLevel-of-Service Analysis for Freeways and Multilane Highways）第13章高速路和多车道公路车流的的交织、汇流以及分流（Weaving, Merging, and Diverging Movements on Freeways and Multilane Highways）第14章双向2车道乡间公路（Two-Lane, Two-Way Rural Highways）第15章高速路和乡间公路的标志和标线（Signing and Marking for Freeways and Rural Highways）第4部分城市和郊区道路系统应用（Applications to Urban and Suburban Street Systems）第16章交叉口控制介绍（Introduction to Intercection Control）第17章交叉口信号的基本原则（Basic Principles of Intersection Signalization）第18章信号配时和设计的基本原理（Fundamentals of Signal Timming and Design）第19章交叉口设计和布局基础（Elements of Intersection Desing and Layout）19.1 交叉口设计的目的和注意事项（Intersection Design Objectives and Consideration）19.2 一个基本出发点：制定交叉口的标准（A Basic Starting Point: Sizing the Intersection）19.2.1 非信控交叉口（Unsignalized Intersections）19.2.2 信控交叉口（Signalized Intersections）19.3 交叉口渠划（Intersection Channelization）19.3.1 一般原则（General Principles）19.3.2 一些例子（Some Examples）19.4 特殊交叉口（Special Situations at Intersection）19.4.1 斜交交叉口（Intersections at Skewed Angles）19.4.2 T形交叉口：创造的机会?（该句翻译说不通，该如何翻译呢？）（T-Intersections: Opportunities for Creativity）19.4.3 错位交叉口（Offset Intersections）19.4.4 大流量左转车流的特殊处理（Special Treatments for Heavy Left-Turn Movements）19.5 信控交叉口的道路硬件（Steet Hardware for Singnalized Intersections）19.6 小结（Closing Comments）参考文献（References）问题（Problems）第20章感应式信号控制和检测（Actuated Signal Control and Detection）第21章信号交叉口分析（Analysis of Signalized Intersections）第22章信号交叉口分析应用（Applications of Signalized Intersection Analysis）第23章非信控交叉口分析（Analysis of Unsignalized Intersections）第24章干路和网络信号协调（Signal Coordination for Arterials and Networks）第25章干线性能分析（Analysis of Arterial Performance）第26章干线规划和设计（Arterial Planning and Design）第27章城市路网交通规划和运行（Traffic Planning and Operations for Urban Street Networks）。
STTEᄴࡍኧୣᄰᏥၒ߈ኧᏔSCHOOL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERINGSCHOOL OFTRAFFIC ANDTRANSPORTATION ENGINEERINGAccording to the national strategy of infrastructure and transportation development, as well as the prospect of regional economy, the School is committed to take the leading place in China and plays a relatively important role in the development of traffic and transportation. It will keep its dominant position in the following fields:Road Structure and Materials Road Design and Safety Traffic Flow and Experiment Transport System and ITSRailway Transit Planning and Design Railway Engineering and Dynamics Transportation Analyze Railway Signal and ControlDuring the state-funded Project 985 (21st Century Education Rejuvenation Action Plan), the School will devote to develop the national key lab and other experiment facilities with two major projects. One is Accelerated Pavement Test, and the other is Traffic Behavior and Driving Environment. The goal is to keep advanced in the following aspects:Integrated Transportation PlanningAnalyze and Design of Road and Railway Intelligent Management and Simulation Evaluation of Traffic Safety SystemAddress: 1239 Siping Road Zip code: 200092Tel: 86-21-65980178Fax: 86-21-65983216Address: 4800 Caoan Road Zip code: 201804Tel: 86-21-69589487Fax: 86-21-69589487Siping campusJiading campusStrategiesLab ConstructionThe School keeps close cooperation with universities and academic institutes all over the world. Well-known scholars in Europe, North American, Japan and Australia, have been invited to be honorary professors of the School. Each year more than 30 academic agencies from abroad visit the School. Meanwhile, more than 40 faculties take part in all kinds of international conference, academic exchange and study.Since 1994, “Shanghai-Tokyo Transportation and Economics Forum” has been held in Shanghai and Tokyo alternatively each year.In 2000, it established a joint master program on ITS with Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, France.In recent years, cooperations with Germany Institutions have been strengthened with the establishment of Sino-German Center of Traffic Lab.Chinese Railway Tickets Booking and Reserving System Road Engineering in Military Airport Integration of New and Old Subgrade Subgrade Transformer Management Traffic Management of Express-way Theory of Bitumen ConfigurationTraffic Control and Management System Theory and Technology of Traffic Design Priority Theory of Public TransportEvaluation of Traffic SafetyMajorsMajors for Undergraduate StudentsTraffic EngineeringTransportation Engineering Logistic EngineeringCivil Engineering (Specialty in Road Engineering) Civil Engineering (Specialty in Railway Engineering)Majors for Graduate StudentsPostdoctoral StationRoad and Railway EngineeringPlanning and Management of Traffic and TransportationMajorsRoad and Railway EngineeringTransportation InformationEngineering and Control SystemTransportation Planning and ManagementSubjectsRoad Engineering Airport Engineering Railway EngineeringUrban Rail Transit EngineeringTransportation Information Engineering and Information Systematic TechnologyTheory and Pivotal Technology of Intelligent Transportation SystemTheory and Pivotal Technology of Transportation Control SystemTransportation PlanningManagement of Transportation SystemTraffic Design and Transportation EnvironmentThe School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering is one of the key colleges in Tongji University and attains international reputation in the field of traffic and transportation engineering. Since the Road and Railway Engineering was founded at the beginning of 1950’s, the School has been developing considerably with a wide range of four subjects at present, and now all of them are the national key subjects. Furthermore, the School has the most advanced national laboratories on road and traffic.The School has always been the leading one in Tongji University. It has been many times as the first one in the development, such asThe first subject of Highway, Road and Airport Engineering in China (which is now named as Road and Railway Engineering);The member of the first PhD program on Traffic Engineering;The member of the first class subject for PhD students;The member of the first postdoctoral stations, etc.School of Traffic and Transportation EngineeringDepartments and InstitutesInternational Exchange and CooperationNational Research AwardsAt present, the School has five departments:The School operates the Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering under the Ministry of Education, which was developed from the Institute of Highway Engineering and dedicated to the fields of Road and Traffic. Up to now, it is the most advanced lab with the best equipments in China.Besides, it possesses such institutes and sub-labs as the Institute of Road and Traffic Engineering, the Research Center of Intelligent Transportation System, the Laboratory Center of Transportation Information Communication, the Research Institute of Road Safety and Environment.Dept. of Road and Airport Engineering,Dept. of Traffic Engineering,Dept. of Urban Rail Transit and Railway Engineering,Dept. of Transportation Management Engineering,Dept. of Transportation Information Engineering The School has been in the lead in research and practice, so that it becomes the source of new idea, new theory, new method and new technology. Meanwhile, there is a group of outstanding professors and researchers dedicate to the following fields: Pavement Mechanics Pavement of Bitumen Pavement of CementRoad Construction Management Computer Aided Design of Road Traffic SafetyMaterials of Road Construction Traffic Engineering Traffic ControlRailway EngineeringThere are about 170 faculties and staff members: near 40 are Professors and Senior Engineers, more than 45 are Associate Professors and Engineers, 3 are Scholars with “Yangtze River Award” and 1 is winner with “National outstanding Younger Fond”There are more than 1900 students now, half of which are graduate students: near 900 are Master students and Engineering Master students, approximately 200 are PhD students.Faculty and StaffStudents。
