Smart CMOS Focal Plane Arrays A Si CMOS Detector Array and Sigma–Delta Analog-to-Digital C

CMOS-APS的优点和设计方法
1．CMOS-APS胜过CCD图像传感器的潜在优点
CMOS APS胜过CCD图像传感器的潜在优点包括[1]～[3]：
1）消除了电荷反复转移的麻烦，免除了在辐射条件下电荷转移效率（CTE）的退化和下降。

2）工作电流很小，可以防止单一振动和信号闭锁。

3）在集成电路芯片中可进行信号处理，因此可提供芯迹线，模/数转换的自调节，也能提供由电压漂移引起的辐射调节。

与硅探测器有关，需要解决的难题和争论点包括[1]～[3]：
1）在体材料界面由于辐射损伤而产生的暗电流的增加问题。

2）包括动态范围损失的阈值漂移问题。

3）在模/数转换电路中，定时和控制中的信号闭锁和单一扰动问题。

2.CMOS-APS的设计方法
CMOS-APS的设计方法包括：
1）为了降低暗电流而进行研制创新的像素结构。

2）使用耐辐射的铸造方法，再研制和开发中等尺寸“dumb”（哑）成像仪（通过反复地开发最佳像素结构）。

3）研制在芯片上进行信号处理的器件，以适应自动调节本身电压Vt的漂移和动态范围的损失。

4）研制和开发耐辐射（单一扰动环境）的定时和控制装置。

5）研制和加固耐辐射的模/数转换器。

6）寻找低温工作条件，以便在承受最大幅射强度时，找到并证
实最佳的工作温度。

7）研制和开发大尺寸、全数字化、耐辐射的CMOS-APS，以便生产。

8）测试、评价和鉴定该器件的性能。

9）引入当代最高水平的组合式光学通信/成像系统测试台。

CMOS设置及图解流浪的羽毛发表于2007-5-12 23:56:00BIOS（basic input output system 即基本输入输出系统）设置程序是被固化到计算机主板上的R OM芯片中的一组程序，其主要功能是为计算机提供最底层的、最直接的硬件设置和控制。

BIOS 设置程序是储存在BIOS芯片中的，只有在开机时才可以进行设置。

CMOS主要用于存储BIOS设置程序所设置的参数与数据，而BIOS设置程序主要对技巧的基本输入输出系统进行管理和设置，是系统运行在最好状态下，使用BIOS设置程序还可以排除系统故障或者诊断系统问题。

在我们计算机上使用的BIOS程序根据制造厂商的不同分为：AWARD BIOS程序、AMI BIOS 程序、PHOENIX BIOS程序以及其它的免跳线BIOS程序和品牌机特有的BIOS程序，如IBM等等。

目前主板BIOS有三大类型，即AWARD AMI和PHOENIX三种。

不过，PHOENIX已经合并了AWARD，因此在台式机主板方面，其虽然标有AWARD-PHOENIX，其实际还是AWARD的B IOS的. Phoenix BIOS 多用于高档的586原装品牌机和笔记本电脑上，其画面简洁，便于操作。

AWARD BIOS程序图解教程一、进入AWARD BIOS设置和基本选项开启计算机或重新启动计算机后，在屏幕显示“Waiting……”时，按下“Del”键就可以进入CMO S的设置界面（图1）。

要注意的是，如果按得太晚，计算机将会启动系统，这时只有重新启动计算机了。

大家可在开机后立刻按住Delete键直到进入CMOS。

进入后，你可以用方向键移动光标选择CMOS设置界面上的选项，然后按Enter进入副选单，用ESC键来返回父菜单，用PAGE UP和PAGE DOWN键来选择具体选项，F10键保留并退出BIOS设置。

图 1STANDARD CMOS SETUP（标准CMOS设定）用来设定日期、时间、软硬盘规格、工作类型以及显示器类型BIOS FEATURES SETUP(BIOS功能设定)用来设定BIOS的特殊功能例如病毒警告、开机磁盘优先程序等等CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP（芯片组特性设定）用来设定CPU工作相关参数POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP（省电功能设定）用来设定CPU、硬盘、显示器等等设备的省电功能PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION（即插即用设备与PCI组态设定）用来设置ISA以及其它即插即用设备的中断以及其它差数LOAD BIOS DEFAULTS（载入BIOS预设值）此选项用来载入BIOS初始设置值LOAD OPRIMUM SETTINGS（载入主板BIOS出厂设置）这是BIOS的最基本设置，用来确定故障范围INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS（内建整合设备周边设定）主板整合设备设定SUPERVISOR PASSWORD（管理者密码）计算机管理员设置进入BIOS修改设置密码USER PASSWORD（用户密码）设置开机密码IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION（自动检测IDE硬盘类型）用来自动检测硬盘容量、类型SAVE&EXIT SETUP（储存并退出设置）保存已经更改的设置并退出BIOS设置EXIT WITHOUT SAVE（沿用原有设置并退出BIOS设置）不保存已经修改的设置，并退出设置图 2STANDARD CMOS SETUP（标准CMOS设定）图2标准CMOS设定中包括了DATE和TIME设定，您可以在这里设定自己计算机上的时间和日期。

工业相机特性介绍及其差异关键词：工业相机，ccd数字工业相机，图像处理，CMOS数字工业相机，B looming 效应，S mear效应当前应用最广泛的数字工业相机有CCD 数字工业相机和CMOS 数字工业相机两大类。

CCD 数字工业相机CCD 是电荷藕合器件（Charge Coupled Device）的简称，它是应用最广泛的图像传感器之一。

一个CCD 图像传感器是成像像元为X-Y 纵横矩阵排列，每个成像像元由一个光电二极管和其控制的一个相邻电荷存储区组成。

光电二极管将光线（光子）转换为电荷（电子），电荷存储区收集到的电子总数量与光线的强度成正比。

在读取这些电荷时，各列电荷存储区收集到的光生电子被移动到垂直电荷传输方向的电荷传递寄存器中，然后各列电荷传递寄存器中的电荷按行被移到总的行电荷传递寄存器中，总的行电荷传递寄存器中每行的电荷信息再被连续读出，通过同一电荷/电压转换器和放大器来生成图像信息。

当光强不太强时，CCD传感器的响应是线性的，CCD 像元内的电荷存储区可以存储全部光电荷，此为线性范围。

当光强继续增大时，因为电荷存储区已存储了很多光生电荷，由光生电荷产生的电场会妨碍像元按线性继续积累电荷，CCD 便进入了饱和区。

如果光强进一步增大，电荷存储势阱将填满电子，而过剩的电子会向外溢出。

如果没有特殊措施，溢出的电子将进入相邻像素，致使本来工作在线性区域的相邻像素在收集到溢出电子后进入饱和区或也向外溢出电子，使图像出现光晕现象，图像清晰度也就明显下降了。

CCD 图像传感器的原理和结构使其有较好光照灵敏度高、噪音低、图象质量较高的优点，一般CCD 工业相机的动态范围在60dB 左右。

但在图像中有高亮度的点或区域时，CCD 图像传感器存在让图像质量严重劣化的“Blooming”和“Smear”效应。

CMOS 数字工业相机CMOS 是Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (互补型金属氧化半导体)的简称，CMOS 和CCD 传感器一样，是在Si（硅）半导体材料上制作的。

红外成像信号检测技术(Signal Detection Technology of Infrared Imaging)王欢王志功冯军(Wanghuan Wang Zhigong Fengjun)(东南大学射频与光电集成电路研究所南京四牌楼2号 210096)摘要：介绍了红外成像技术的发展及现状，二维混合红外焦平面阵列（IR FPAs）的基本概念和单元结构，并结合BDI和CTIA两种读取电路对红外成像信号检测技术的工作原理进行了阐述。

关键词：红外焦平面阵列，检测器，读取电路关键词Abstract This paper introduces the development and prensent situation of infrared imaging technology.The conception and cell structure of hybrid infrared facal-plane arrays of two dimentions are presented too.This paper also discusses the characteristic of signal detection technology based on the BDI and CTIA.Key Words facal-plane arrays, detector, readout circuit红外成像系统大体可分为三代：第一代装置是把单个传感元件和对空间目标进行二维扫描的扫描镜组合在一起，获得红外图像。

3—5µm的红外传感器有HgCdTe光电导型（PC 型：photoconductive）和InSb光电型（PV型：photovoltaic）。

8—14µm的是HgCdTe光电导型。

第二代装置把一维传感器阵列和一维扫描镜组合在一起，多采用PC型HgCdTe传感器阵列。

现在PC型HgCdTe元件的灵敏度已大体接近BLIP(background limited infrared photo conductor)状态，要提高系统的分辨率，可采用TDI(time delay and integration:时间延迟积分)技术,提高信噪比。

Key Features24.2MP 2 and incredible image qualityThe Alpha 6100 boasts an impressive APS-C image sensor with approximately 24.2 effective megapixels, the latest BIONZ X™ image processing engine and the same front end LSI as used on Sony’s acclaimed full-frame cameras to deliver outstanding image quality with rich detail and true-to-life color reproduction. Area specific noise reduction results in low noise even at high ISO which ranges from 100 – 32,000 (Expandable up to ISO – 51,200). The design significantly increases readout speed, enabling functionality including 11fps continuous shooting 5, 4K recording 3 with full pixel readout without pixel binning and Full HD 120fps high-speed shooting.Superior autofocus with 4D FOCUS™The Alpha 6100 incorporates Sony’s unrivaled 4D FOCUS™ system for unsurpassed fast autofocus (AF) acquisition time that can lock focus on even the fastest moving subject in as little as 0.02 seconds 1. It also boasts an incredible 425 phase detection and 425 contrast detection AF points that are densely positioned over 84% of the image area, effectively tracking subjects as they move across the frame. Moreover, the Alpha 6600 takes full advantage of its enhanced fast hybrid AF for movies in both HD and 4K 3. Both AF detection accuracy and tracking performance have been boosted.Advanced Real-time Eye AF, humans and animals 6Advanced “Real-time Eye AF 6” employs (Ai) artificial intelligence, including machine learning , to detect and process eye data in real time, resulting in improved accuracy, speed and tracking performance of Eye AF. Eye AF can be employed for humans, animals 6 and when recording movie. With a half press of the shutter button, the camera can automatically detect the eyes of the subject and activate Eye AF in all autofocus modes. When in either AF-C or AF-A mode, eye capture is continuously maintained. Additionally, the preferred eye (right or left) of your subject can be selected as the focus point. Choices include Auto/Right Eye/Left Eye, and a Switch Right/Left Eye function is assignable to a custom function or the touchscreen panel.Real-time Tracking Autofocus“Real-time Tracking” is a state-of-the-art feature that utilizes a special object recognition algorithm that processes color, subject distance (depth), brightness (pattern) as spatial information, plus AI (Artificial Intelligence with machine learning) information including face and eye location, ensuring that all subjects can be captured with extreme accuracy and precision. This can be activated by a simple half press of the shutter button, or can be assigned to a custom function as well. The subject to be tracked can also be specified by touching it on the monitor when the Touch Tracking function is engaged.Real-time Eye AF for animals 6Advanced AI-based subject recognition technology now allows fast, precise, automatic detection and tracking of animal 6 eyes. This new capability can vastly increase success rates when photographing animals in a variety of settings or pets at home. Real-time Eye AF animal mode can be initiated either by pressing an assigned custom button or by half-pressing the shutter button.16-bit processing and 14-bit RAW outputImage sensor output is processed in 16-bit form by the front-end LSI and BIONZ X image processing engine before being output as compressed or uncompressed 14-bit RAW files that have smoother, more natural gradations for higher overall image quality. 14-bit RAW output is available even when shooting in silent or continuous mode.Up to 11fps 5 at 24.2MP with AE/AF trackingILCE-6100/BAlpha 6100 APS-C Mirrorless Interchangeable-LensCameraThe Alpha 6100 include a 24.2MP 2 Exmor™ CMOS image sensor, the latest BIONZ X™ image processor and a front-end LSI as implemented in Sony’s full-frame cameras, which combine to deliver all-round enhancements in image quality and performance across all areas of photo and video capture.The Alpha 6100 has been designed to allow for high resolution, continuous shooting at high frame rates. It features a front-end LSI that works with the image sensor, BIONZ X image processing engine and a newly designed shutter mechanism with ‘braking feature’ to enable continuous shooting at impressive speeds up to 11fps5 with continuous autofocus and auto-exposure tracking at full 24.2MP resolution while utilizing the mechanical shutter, and up to 8 fps5 with full AF/AE tracking while silent shooting.4K movie3 w/ full pixel readout, no pixel binningThe Alpha 6100 offers internal 4K (QFHD: 3840 x 2160) recording3 in Super 35mm format with full pixel readout and no pixel binning at 2.4x oversampling4 (6K equivalent) for the ultimate 4K footage with exceptional detail and depth. Additional the Alpha 6100 has the ability to record Full HD at 120 fps for up to 5x slow motion HD video7 and a mic jack with XLR compatibility via the MI shoe, focus peaking, clean HDMI output and much more.Touch Tracking for moviesTouch Tracking is beneficial for movie recording. Touch the subject to be tracked on the monitor, and the Real-time Tracking function will then process color, pattern (brightness), distance (depth), and face information to precisely and smoothly track the selected subject at the specified sensitivity and speed. It is also possible to half-press the shutter button or press the AF ON button while shooting to achieve fast focus (AF-S). This can be an advantage for weddingsor documentaries, where there is only one chance to capture a scene. In such cases the focus area selected in advance is applied.180-degree tiltable LCD touch screen for self-recordingThe fully tiltable (180-degree), 3” (3.0-type) LCD flip screen with 921k-dots of high-resolution allows for simple and effective selfie-style shooting for both still image and video capture. Utilizing this capability, vloggers will be able to check and monitor composition throughout their entire creative process. The LCD screen is also equipped with touch functionality, with options for Touch Pad, Touch Focus, Touch Shutter and new Touch Tracking which quickly activates “Real-time Tracking” through the touch screen.Wi-Fi®/NFC™/QR code for easy file transfer and remote control8Easily connect with NFC or QR code (for non-NFC devices) to smartphones or tablets with the built-in Wi-Fi® and Sony’s PlayMemories Mobile™ application available for free on the Android™ and iOS platforms8. Control your camera or transfer files to your device for fast and easy sharing without the need of a computer. It also supports Sony’s growing range of PlayMemories Camera Apps™, which add a variety of creative capabilities to the camera. Then when you’re done, you can use the free software to sort and manage your stills and video with PlayMemories Home™ or edit your RAW file with either Sony’s Image Data Converter or Capture One Express (for Sony). Make it your own with easy button and dial customizationMake operation more intuitive, quick and easy. You can assign any of 89 functions to any of 8 custom buttons. Independent function sets can be assigned for stills, movies, and playback. “My Dial” allows for frequently-used functions to be assigned to the control dial and control wheel. The My Menu function allows up to 30 frequently-used menu items to be registered. They can be re-ordered by frequency of use, and little-used items can be deleted, allowing the user to create a menu that reflects their usage patterns.Interval Recording7 for time-lapseInterval shooting7 (continuous shooting with a set interval) is possible to create time-lapse movies, without requiring an app or external interferometer. Shooting interval can be set to anywhere between 1 second and 60 seconds, and the number of shots to anywhere from 1 to 9999. AE tracking sensitivity can be set to ”High”, “Mid” or “Low” during interval shooting to control your exposure and silent shooting can be activated to reduce shutter vibration. To extend shooting periods, a mobile battery can be used while the internal battery remains in the camera. Still images shot can be edited into a time-lapse movie on a computer with the latest version of Imaging Edge software (Remote/Viewer/Edit) and PlayMemories Home.Slow and quick motion7Slow and quick motion7 offers an almost endless variety of creative ways to express the passage of time. Frame rates from 1 fps to 120fps (100fps) can be selected in eight steps for full HD up to 50 Mbps; 60x quick motion/5x slow in NTSC and 50x quick motion/4x slow in PAL.4K movie transfer to smartphone8By using the newly introduced smartphone app Imaging Edge Mobile, high-bitrate movies including 4K can be transferred to smartphones (Probability of transfer / playback depends on the performance of the smartphone). Refer to the product information for Imaging Edge Mobile for detailsImaging Edge desktop applicationsTo support an efficient, high speed, connected professional workflow, Sony provides “Imaging Edge” desktop applications. Use "Remote" to control and monitor shooting live on your PC screen; "Viewer" to quickly preview, rate, and select photos from large image libraries; and "Edit" to develop RAW data into high-quality photos for delivery. Get the best from Sony RAW files, and manage your productions more efficiently. To maximize convenience in image transfer, when utilizing the latest version of Sony’s Imaging Edge Mobile™ application, the camera can now transfer images to a connected smartphone even if the camera’s power is set to OFF. Refer to the download page for details: /disoft/d/Specifications1. Based on Sony research, CIPA-guideline-compliant internal measurement with an E 18-135mm F3.5-5.6 OSS lens mounted, Pre-AF off and viewfinder in use.2. Approximately, effective megapixels3. 3840×2160 pixels. A Class 10 or higher SDHC/SDXC memory card is required to record movies in the XAVC S format. UHS-I (U3) SDHC/SDXC card is required for 100Mbps4. Standard ISO 100 up to ISO 32000 expandable to ISO 100 to ISO 51200for still images5. High-speed continuous shooting is available at up to approx. 11fps in “Hi+” continuous shooting mode and up to approx. 8fps in “Hi” continuous shooting mode. Maximum fps will depend on camera settings.6. Accurate focus may not be achieved with certain subjects in certain situations.. Real-time Eye AF for Animals supports still images only and cannot be used in combination with tracking. Does not work with some types of animal.7. Wi-Fi does not work during interval shooting8. Imaging Edge Mobile Ver. 7.2 or later is required© 2019 Sony Electronics Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. Sony is not responsible for typographical and photographic errors. Features and specifications are subject to change without notice. Sony, G Master, the Alpha logo and the Sony logo are trademark of Sony Corporation. All other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners.。

小像元间距、晶圆级封装、asi1.小像元间距是数字图像处理中的重要参数。

The pixel pitch is an important parameter in digital image processing.2.晶圆级封装可以提高集成电路的稳定性。

Wafer-level packaging can improve the stability of integrated circuits.3. asi技术在半导体制造中有着广泛的应用。

Advanced Silicon Integration (ASI) technology has a wide range of applications in semiconductor manufacturing.4.微探测器的小像元间距决定了其空间分辨率。

The small pixel pitch of micro detectors determines their spatial resolution.5.晶圆级封装可以有效减少集成电路的尺寸。

Wafer-level packaging can effectively reduce the size of integrated circuits.6. asi技术可以提高半导体器件的性能和可靠性。

ASI technology can improve the performance andreliability of semiconductor devices.7.晶圆级封装可以降低集成电路的成本。

Wafer-level packaging can reduce the cost of integrated circuits.8.小像元间距越小，图像的清晰度就越高。

The smaller the pixel pitch, the higher the image resolution.9. asi技术的发展推动了半导体产业的进步。

Identity Number K1.0024074Model ALEXA Mini LFSensor Type Large Format ARRI ALEV III (A2X) CMOS sensor with Bayer pattern colorfilter arraySensor Maximum Resolution and Size4448 x 309636.70 x 25.54 mm / 1.444 x 1.005"⌀ 44.71 mm / 1.760"Sensor Frame Rates0.75 - 90 fpsWeight∼2.6 kg / ∼5.7 lbs(camera body with LPL lens mount)800 g (MVF-2)Photosite Pitch8.25 μmSensor Active Image Area Photosites LF Open Gate ProRes 4.5K: 4448 x 3096LF Open Gate ARRIRAW 4.5K: 4448 x 3096LF 16:9 ProRes HD: 3840 x 2160LF 16:9 ProRes 2K: 3840 x 2160LF 16:9 ProRes UHD: 3840 x 2160LF 16:9 ARRIRAW UHD: 3840 x 2160LF 2.39:1 ProRes 4.5K: 4448 x 1856LF 2.39:1 ARRIRAW 4.5K: 4448 x 1856Sensor Active Image Area Dimensions LF Open Gate ProRes 4.5K: 36.70 x 25.54 mm / 1.445 x 1.006"LF Open Gate ARRIRAW 4.5K: 36.70 x 25.54 mm / 1.445 x 1.006"LF 16:9 ProRes HD: 31.68 x 17.82 mm / 1.247 x 0.702"LF 16:9 ProRes 2K: 31.68 x 17.82 mm / 1.247 x 0.702"LF 16:9 ProRes UHD: 31.68 x 17.82 mm / 1.247 x 0.702"LF 16:9 ARRIRAW UHD: 31.68 x 17.82 mm / 1.247 x 0.702"LF 2.39:1 ProRes 4.5K: 36.70 x 15.31 mm / 1.445 x 0.603"LF 2.39:1 ARRIRAW 4.5K: 36.70 x 15.31 mm / 1.445 x 0.603" Recording File Container Size LF Open Gate ProRes 4.5K: 4480 x 3096LF Open Gate ARRIRAW 4.5K: 4448 x 3096LF 16:9 ProRes HD: 1920 x 1080LF 16:9 ProRes 2K: 2048 x 1152LF 16:9 ProRes UHD: 3840 x 2160LF 16:9 ARRIRAW UHD: 3840 x 2160LF 2.39:1 ProRes 4.5K: 4480 x 1856LF 2.39:1 ARRIRAW 4.5K: 4448 x 1856Recording File Image Content LF Open Gate ProRes 4.5K: 4448 x 3096LF Open Gate ARRIRAW 4.5K: 4448 x 3096LF 16:9 ProRes HD: 1920 x 1080LF 16:9 ProRes 2K: 2048 x 1152LF 16:9 ProRes UHD: 3840 x 2160LF 16:9 ARRIRAW UHD: 3840 x 2160LF 2.39:1 ProRes 4.5K: 4448 x 1856LF 2.39:1 ARRIRAW 4.5K: 4448 x 1856Exposure Latitude14+ stops over the entire sensitivity range from EI 160 to EI 3200 asmeasured with the ARRI Dynamic Range Test Chart (DRTC-1) Exposure Index Adjustable from EI 160-3200 in 1/3 stopsEI 800 base sensitivityShutter Electronic shutter, 5.0°- 356° or 1s - 1/8000sRecording Formats MXF/ARRIRAWMXF/Apple ProRes 4444 XQMXF/Apple ProRes 4444MXF/Apple ProRes 422 HQRecording Media Codex Compact DrivesRecording Frame Rates LF Open Gate ProRes 4.5K: 0.75 - 40 fpsLF Open Gate ARRIRAW 4.5K: 0.75 - 40 fpsLF 16:9 ProRes HD: 0.75 - 90 fpsLF 16:9 ProRes 2K: 0.75 - 90 fpsLF 16:9 ProRes UHD: 0.75 - 60 fpsLF 16:9 ARRIRAW UHD: 0.75 - 60 fpsLF 2.39:1 ProRes 4.5K: 0.75 - 60 fpsLF 2.39:1 ARRIRAW 4.5K: 0.75 - 60 fpsNote: maximum fps values are preliminary informationRecording Modes Standard real-time recordingNo Pre-recordingNo IntervalometerViewfinder Type Multi Viewfinder MVF-2 with 4" flip-out monitorViewfinder Technology OLED viewfinder displayLCD fold out monitorViewfinder Resolution Pixel1920 x 1080Viewfinder Diopter Adjustable from -5 to +5 dioptersColor Output Rec 709Rec 2020Log CCustom Look (ARRI Look File ALF-2)Look Control Import of custom 3D LUTASC CDL parameters (slope, offset, power, saturation)White Balance Manual and auto white balance, adjustable from 2000K to 11000K in 10KstepsColor correction adjustable range from -16 to +16 CC1 CC corresponds to 035 Kodak CC values or 1/8 Rosco valuesFilters Built-in motorized ND filters 0.6, 1.2, 1.8Fixed optical low pass, UV, IR filterImage Outputs 1x proprietary signal output for MVF-2 viewfinder on VF CoaXPressconnector (video, audio, power, control signals)SDI 1:-HD only, Processed or Clean, with or without a look file applied-1.5G 422 HD (SMPTE ST292-1, up to 30 fps, progessive (p) or progressivesegmented frame (psf))-3G 422 HD (SMPTE ST425-1, up to 60 fps, p)-3G 444 HD (SMPTE ST425-3, up to 30 fps, p)SDI 2:-HD or UHD, Clean only, with or without a look file applied, or SDI 1 clone-1.5G 422 HD (SMPTE ST292-1, up to 30 fps, p or psf)-3G 422 HD (SMPTE ST425-1, up to 60 fps, p)-3G 444 HD (SMPTE ST425-3, up to 30 fps, p)-6G 422 UHD (SMPTE ST2081-10, up to 30 fps, p)“Clean” is an image without surround view or overlays (status, false color,zebra, framelines, etc.)“Processed” is an image with surround view or overlays.Lens Squeeze Factors 1.001.251.301.501.651.802.00Exposure and Focus Tools False ColorZebraZoomAperture and Color PeakingAudio Input1x LEMO 6pin balanced stereo line in with 12V power output(Line input max. level +24dBu correlating to 0dBFS)Audio Output SDI (embedded)3,5mm stereo headphone jack (on MVF-2)Audio Recording 2 channel linear PCM, 24 bit 48 kHzRemote Control Options MVF-2 viewfinder can act as wired remote control with 10m/33ft cableWeb-based remote control from smart phones, tablets and laptops viaWiFi & Ethernet (beta version)Camera Access Protocol (CAP) via Ethernet & WiFiGPIO interface for integration with custom control interfacesWCU-4 hand-unit with control over lens motors and operationalparameters via built-in white radioSXU-1 hand-unit with control over one lens channelOCU-1 and Master Grip control of lens and user buttonsInterfaces1x LEMO 5pin LTC Timecode In/Out1x LEMO 10pin Ethernet for remote control and service1x BNC SYNC IN1x LEMO 7pin EXT multi purpose accessory interface w. RS pin and 24Vpower output1x LEMO 4pin LBUS (on lens mount) for lens motors, daisy chainable1x USB 2.0 in media bay (for user setups, look files etc)Wireless Interfaces Built-in WiFi module (IEEE 802.11b/g)Built-in White Radio for ARRI lens and camera remote controlLens Mounts LPL lens mount with LBUS connectorPL-to-LPL adapterLeitz M mount (available from Leitz)Flange Focal Depth LPL mount: 44 mmwith PL-to-LPL adapter: 52 mmPower Input1x LEMO 8pin (11-34 V DC)Power Consumption Around 65 W when recording ARRIRAW at 24 fps with MVF-2 attached(preliminary information)Power Outputs 1x Fischer 3pin 24V RS1x LEMO 2pin 12V1x LEMO 7pin EXT 24V power outputPower Management-Measurements HxWxL140 x 143 x 188 mm / 5.5 x 5.6 x 7.4"(camera body with LPL lens mount)Operating Temperature-20° C to +45° C / -4° F to +113° F @ 95% relative humidity max, noncondensing, splash and dust proof through sealed electronics Storage Temperature-30° C to +70° C / -22° F to +158° FSound Level< 20 dB(A) at 24fpsSoftware Licenses-。

DS-2DF8C442IXS-AELW(T5)4 MP 42× Network IR Speed DomeHikvision DS-2DF8C442IXS-AELW(T5) 4MP 42× Network IR Speed Dome adopts 1/1.8" progressive scan CMOS chip. With the 42× optical zoom lens, the camera offers more details over expansive areas.This series of cameras can be widely used for wide ranges of high-definition, such as the rivers, forests, roads, railways, airports, ports, squares, parks, scenic spots, stations and large venues, etc.⏹1/1.8" progressive scan CMOS⏹High quality imaging with 4 MP resolution⏹Excellent low-light performance with DarkFighter technology⏹42× optical zoom and 16× digital zoom provide close up views over expansive areas⏹Expansive night view with up to 400 m IR distance⏹Water and dust resistant (IP67)⏹Supports face capture to detect, capture, grade, and select faces in motion⏹Supports road traffic to detect vehicles⏹DORIThe DORI (detect, observe, recognize, identify) distance gives the general idea of the camera ability to distinguish persons or objects within its field of view.It is calculated based on the camera sensor specification and the criteria given by EN 62676-4: 2015.DORI Detect Observe Recognize IdentifyDefinition25 px/m63 px/m125 px/m250 px/m Distance (Tele)3475.9 m (11403.9 ft.)1379.3 m (4525.3 ft.)695.2 m (2280.8 ft.)347.6 m (1140.4 ft.)⏹SpecificationCameraImage Sensor 1/1.8" progressive scan CMOSMin. Illumination Color: 0.001 Lux @ (F1.2, AGC ON), B/W: 0.0005 Lux @ (F1.2, AGC ON), 0 Lux with IR Shutter Speed 1/1 s to 1/30,000 sSlow Shutter YesDay & Night IR cut filterZoom 42x optical, 16x digitalMax. Resolution 2560 × 1440LensFocus Auto, semi-auto, manual, rapid focusFocal Length 6.0 mm to 252 mmZoom Speed Approx. 4.5 sFOV Horizontal field of view: 56.6° to 1.7° (wide-tele), Vertical field of view: 33.7° to 0.9° (wide-tele), Diagonal field of view: 63.4° to 1.9° (wide-tele)Aperture Max. F1.2IlluminatorSupplement Light Type IRSupplement Light Range Up to 400 mSmart Supplement Light YesPTZMovement Range (Pan) 360°Movement Range (Tilt) -20° to 90° (auto flip)Pan Speed Pan speed: configurable from 0.1° to 210°/s; preset speed: 280°/s Tilt Speed Tilt speed: configurable from 0.1° to 150°/s, preset speed 250°/s Proportional Pan YesPresets 300Patrol Scan 8 patrols, up to 32 presets for each patrolPattern Scan 4 pattern scans, record time over 10 minutes for each scan Power-off Memory YesPark Action Preset, pattern scan, patrol scan, auto scan, tilt scan, random scan, frame scan, panorama scan3D Positioning YesPTZ Status Display Yes Preset Freezing YesScheduled Task Preset, pattern scan, patrol scan, auto scan, tilt scan, random scan, frame scan, panorama scan, dome reboot, dome adjust, aux outputVideoMain Stream 50 Hz: 25 fps (2560 × 1440, 1920 × 1080, 1280 × 960, 1280 × 720);60 Hz: 24 fps (2560 × 1440, 1920 × 1080, 1280 × 960, 1280 × 720)Sub-Stream 50 Hz: 25 fps (704 × 576, 640 × 480, 352 × 288) 60 Hz: 24 fps (704 × 480, 640 × 480, 352 × 240)Third Stream 50 Hz: 25 fps (1920 × 1080, 1280 × 960, 1280 × 720, 704 × 576, 640 × 480, 352 × 288) 60 Hz: 24 fps (1920 × 1080, 1280 × 960, 1280 × 720, 704 × 480, 640 × 480, 352 × 240)Video Compression Main stream: H.265+/H.265/H.264+/H.264 Sub-stream: H.265/H.264/MJPEGThird stream: H.265/H.264/MJPEGVideo Bit Rate 32 Kbps to 16384 KbpsH.264 Type Baseline Profile/Main Profile/High ProfileH.265 Type Main ProfileScalable Video Coding (SVC) H.264 and H.265 encodingRegion of Interest (ROI) 8 fixed regions for each streamAudioAudio Compression G.711alaw, G.711ulaw, G.722.1, G.726, MP2L2, PCMAudio Bit Rate 64 Kbps (G.711)/16 Kbps (G.722.1)/16 Kbps (G.726)/32 to 192 Kbps (MP2L2) NetworkNetwork Storage NAS (NFS, SMB/ CIFS), ANRProtocols IPv4/IPv6, HTTP, HTTPS, 802.1x, QoS, FTP, SMTP, UPnP, SNMP, DNS, DDNS, NTP, RTSP, RTCP, RTP, TCP/IP, UDP, IGMP, ICMP, DHCP, PPPoE, BonjourAPI ISUP, ISAPI, Hikvision SDK, Open Network Video Interface (Profile S, Profile G, Profile T) Simultaneous Live View Up to 20 channelsUser/Host Up to 32 users 3 user levels: administrator, operator, and userSecurity Password protection, complicated password, HTTPS encryption, 802.1X authentication (EAP-TLS, EAP-LEAP, EAP-MD5), watermark, IP address filter, basic and digest authentication for HTTP/HTTPS, RTP/RTSP over HTTPS, control timeout settings, security audit log, TLS 1.3, host authentication (MAC address)Client HikCentral, iVMS-4200, Hik-ConnectWeb Browser IE11, Chrome 57.0+, Firefox 52.0+, Safari 11+ ImageDay/Night Switch Day, night, auto, scheduled-switchImage Enhancement BLC, HLC, 3D DNRWide Dynamic Range (WDR) 140 dBDefog Optical defogImage Stabilization EIS (Built-in gyroscope to improve EIS performance) Regional Exposure YesRegional Focus YesImage Settings Saturation, brightness, contrast, sharpness, gain, and white balance adjustable by client software or web browserImage Parameters Switch YesPrivacy Mask Up to 24 masks, mosaic mask, mask color configurable, rectangle region SNR ≥ 52 dBInterfaceEthernet Interface 1 RJ45 10M/100M self-adaptive Ethernet portOn-board Storage Built-in memory card slot, support microSD/microSDHC/microSDXC cards, up to 256 GBAlarm 7 inputs, 2 outputsAudio 1 input (line in), max. input amplitude: 2-2.4 vpp, input impedance: 1 KΩ ± 10%; 1 output (line out), line level, output impedance: 600 ΩVideo Output 1.0 V[p-p]/75 Ω, PAL, NTSC, BNC connectorRS-485 Half duplex, HIKVISION, Pelco-P, Pelco-D, self-adaptive EventBasic Event Audio exception, motion detection, video tampering alarm, alarm input, alarm output, exceptionSmart Event Line crossing detection, region entrance detection, unattended baggage detection, object removal detection, intrusion detection, region exiting detection, vandal-proof alarm, audio exception detectionSmart Tracking Manual tracking, auto-trackingAlarm Linkage Preset, patrol scan, pattern scan, memory card video recording, alarm output, sending email, notify surveillance center, upload to FTP, NAS video recordingDeep Learning FunctionFace Capture Support detecting up to 30 faces at the same time. Support detecting, tracking, capturing, grading, selecting of face in motion, and output the best face picture of the faceFace Comparison YesPerimeter Protection Line crossing, intrusion, region entrance, region exitingSupport alarm triggering by specified target types (human and vehicle)Road Traffic and Vehicle DetectionRoad Traffic Support vehicle detection (license plate number,vehicle model, and vehicle color recognition)GeneralOperating Condition Temperature: -40°C to 70°C (-40°F to 158°F), Humidity: ≤ 95%Language 33 languages: English, Russian, Estonian, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Greek, German, Italian, Czech, Slovak, French, Polish, Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Croatian, Slovenian, Serbian, Turkish, Korean, Traditional Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, Japanese, Latvian, Lithuanian, Portuguese (Brazil), UkrainianPower Consumption and Current 24 VAC (Max. 62 W, including max. 12 W for IR and max. 8 W for heater), PoE 802.3 bt (Max. 51 W, including max. 12 W for IR and max. 8 W for heater)Wiper Yes. Rain-sensing auto control Dimension Ø 267 mm × 430 mm (Ø 10.51" × 16.93") Weight Approx. 9.6 kg (21.16 lb.)ApprovalEMCFCC SDoC (47 CFR Part 15, Subpart B);CE-EMC (EN 55032: 2015, EN 61000-3-2: 2019, EN 61000-3-3: 2013+A1:2019, EN50130-4: 2011 +A1: 2014); RCM (AS/NZS CISPR 32: 2015); IC VoC (ICES-003: Issue 7); KC (KN 32: 2015, KN 35: 2015) SafetyUL (UL 62368-1)CB (IEC 62368-1:2014+A11);CE-LVD (EN 62368-1:2014+A11:2017),BIS (IS 13252(Part 1):2010/ IEC 60950-1: 2005); LOA (IEC/EN 60950-1)Environment CE-RoHS (2011/65/EU); WEEE (2012/19/EU); Reach (Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006)ProtectionIP67 (IEC 60529-2013), 6000V Lightning Protection, Surge Protection and Voltage Transient Protection⏹Typical ApplicationHikvision products are classified into three levels according to their anti-corrosion performance. Refer to the following description to choose for your using environment.This model has NO SPECIFIC PROTECTION.LevelDescriptionTop-level protectionHikvision products at this level are equipped for use in areas where professional anti-corrosion protection is a must. Typical application scenarios include coastlines, docks, chemical plants, and more.Moderate protectionHikvision products at this level are equipped for use in areas with moderate anti-corrosion demands. Typical application scenarios include coastal areas about 2 kilometers (1.24 miles) away from coastlines, as well as areas affected by acid rain.No specific protectionHikvision products at this level are equipped for use in areas where no specific anti-corrosion protection is needed.⏹Available ModelDS-2DF8C442IXS-AELW (T5)⏹Dimension⏹Accessory ⏹OptionalDS-1603ZJ-P Wall Mount DS-1603ZJ-pole-PPole MountDS-1661ZJ-PPendant Mount。

14位Single―slope ADC行为级建模与仿真摘要：单斜率型模/数转换器以其简单的结构、较高的分辨率和易于集成的优势，在红外焦平面读出电路设计中被广泛应用。

基于Matlab软件环境下的Simulink工具，建立了一个14位Single?slope ADC的系统模型。

其充分讨论Simulink工具下电路各单元模块的具体实现和信号间的时序关系，给出电路的行为级仿真结果，为Single?slope ADC的集成电路设计与实现提供参考。

关键词：单斜模/数转换器；行为级建模；红外焦平面；Simulink；集成电路设计；功能仿真中?D分类号：TN492?34 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004?373X（2018）16?0104?04Abstract：As the single?slope ADC has the advantages of simple structure，high resolution，and easy integration，it has been widely used in the design of the infrared focal plane read?out circuit. Based on the Simulink tool in the Matlab software environment，a 14?bit single?slope ADC system model is built. The specific implementation utilizing the Simulink tool for each unit module of the circuit and the time sequence relationship among signals are fully discussed. The behavioral simulation results of the circuit are given，whichprovides a reference for the design and implementation of the single?slope ADC integrated circuit.Keywords：Single?slope ADC；behavioral modeling；infrared focal plane；Simulink；integrated circuit design；functional simulation 0 引言红外焦平面成像系统在军事、医疗扫描、空间探测、环境监控以及民用消费电子方面有着广泛的应用[1]。

JThermal Imaging CameraU H igh Thermal Sensitivity (N.E.T.D) -0.05°C @ 30°C U W ide Temperature Range: -20 to 650°C (-4 to 1202°F) with ±2% or 2°C Accuracy U F ocal Plane Array Detector with640 x 480 Pixels Infrared Resolution (307,200 pixels)U I nterchangeable Lens with 4X Continuous Zoom U M anual/Automatic Focus Camera with Laser Pointer, 109.22 mm (4.3") Multifunction Touch Screen LCD and 120° Swivel Lens U B uilt-In 5 Megapixel Visible Light Digital Camera with Video Lamp U S calable Thermal Fusion and Picture-In-Picture (PIP), Delta T (Differential Temperature), Voice/Text/Sketch Annotation, Infrared Windows Correction, Instant Report, Programmable Button U D igital Video Recording and MPEG-4 Video Streaming Over Wi-Fi U M ETERLiNK™ Wireless Communication U S D Card Slot for Image Storage (More Than 1000 Radiometric JPEG Images)U I ncludes FLIR Tools Software for Analysis of Radiometric ImagesThe OSXL-T620 (FLIR T620) has the highest thermal imaging resolution in its class. With 307,200 pixels at 640 × 480, OSXL-T620 (FLIR T620) gives professional thermographers the highest thermal resolution and sensitivity for the best-looking images and most accurate temperature measurements. Coupled with dual 5 megapixel digital cameras, you’ll get the sharpest visible light and thermal images you need to create the most effective documentation. See the results jump off the screen.The OSXL-T620 (FLIR T620) is comfortable with flexible ergonomics. The OSXL-T620 (FLIR T620) is famous for capturing great thermal images high above your head or down near the ground and no longer needs to be a back-breaking, knee-cracking calisthenics routine. With a unique rotating optical block and its interchangeable lenses, the OSXL-T620 (FLIR T620) lets you easily tilt up or down along its 120° range of motion while keeping the touchscreen display right in front of you. See how comfortable and easy it is to “get the shot” from any angle.®Powered ByOSXL-T620 shownsmaller than actual size.OSXL-T620 front view.The FLIR viewer Wi-Fi connectivity to mobile devices is an intuitive iPad ®/iPhone ®/iPod Touch ® app forimporting, analyzing, managing, and sharing thermal images that allows you to connect wirelessly to OSXL-T620(FLIR T620) camera.Just download FLIR Viewer from the Apple ® Store and start experimenting with the preloaded infraredimages. Connect via Wi-Fi to a compatible FLIR camera and import stored or live thermal images to yourmobile device instantly. Then use FLIR Viewer to add measurement spots and other data, adjust span and level, change palettes, and create and email reports. It’s an efficient way to get critical information to decision makers and make a big impact.Software PackagesQuickReport™ PC software enables users to organize, analyze and create reports with FLIR cameras.FLIR BuildIR software package specifically designed to carry out advanced analysis of building structures. It is used to analyze images taken with an infrared camera, and create inspection reports based on these images.FLIR Reporter Ver. 8.5 is a powerful software forcreating compelling and professional, fully customized, easy-to-interpret reports in a standard MS Worddocument. Y ou can create a report by simply dragging and dropping your images on a desktop icon or using the wizards to guide you step-by-step through the process. The saved document is a ‘live’ report with full access to the analysis tools and temperaturemeasurement data. The reports can be multi-page and include all of your IR inspection data; infrared and visual images, temperature measurements, voice comments and text notes.OSXL-T620 (FLIR T620) has the industry-first Wi-Fi connectivity which adds power to analysis, reporting, and sharing. OSXL-T620 (FLIR T620) simplifies your worklife out in the field and in the office by leading the way with forward-thinking Wi-Fi to mobile devices like iPad, iPhone, and iPod Touch. No bulky laptops to lug, cables to connect, or SD cards to swap. Use the new FLIRViewer app to import images from the camera, add more box areas and moveable spots and fine-tune images. Generate comprehensive reports. Additionally you can share critical information immediately with decision makers on-site or by e-mail. See how FLIR Wi-Fi connectivity can help boost your productivity and credibility.Use the new FLIRViewer application foriPad ®/iPhone ®/iPod Touch ® to import, analyze, manage and share thermal images.iPad ® notincluded.ApplicationsJSPECIFICATIONSTemperature Range: -20 to 650°C (-4 to 1202°F)Image Storage: 1000 radiometric JPEG images (SD card memory)Frame Rate: 30 HzField of View/min Focus Distance: 25° x 19°/0.25 m (9.8")Focus: Manual/automaticThermal Sensitivity (N.E.T.D): <0.05°C at 30°CDetector Type - Focal Plane Array (FPA) Uncooled Microbolometer: 640 x 480 pixels Spectral Range: 7.8 to 14 μmDisplay: Built-in touch-screen, 109.22 mm (4.3") color LCD Image Modes: Thermal/visual/picture-in-picture/fusion Image Annotation: Voice (60 sec); text comments, sketch Lens: 25° (optional 15° telephoto, 45° wide angle lenses available)Video Lamp: Bright LED lampLaser Classification/Type: Class 2/Semiconductor AlGalnP Diode Laser: 1 mW/635 nm (red)Set-Up Controls: Mode selector, color palettes, configure info to be shown in image, local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats, and image galleryMeasurement Modes: 10 Spotmeters, 5 box areas, isotherm, auto hot/cold spot, Delta TFLIR tools software, tripod adaptor, lens cap, hard carrying case, quick start manual and full operating manual on disk.Note: Not for export, USA only.Ordering Example: OSXL-T620, thermal imaging camera.Measurement Correction: Reflected ambient temperature and emissivity correctionBattery Type/Operating Time: Li-ion/ >3 hours, display shows battery status (included)Charging System: In camera AC adaptor/2 bay charging systemShock: 25G, IEC 68-2-29Vibration: 2G, IEC 68-2-6Dimensions: 143 x 195 x 95 mm (5.6 x 7.7 x 3.7")Weight: 1.3 kg (2.87 lb), including batteryOSXL-T620 shown smaller than actual size.。

专利名称：CMOS image sensor with multi-layeredplanarization layer and method forfabricating the same发明人：Jong-Taek Hwang申请号：US12211124申请日：20080916公开号：US07919351B2公开日：20110405专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：A CMOS image sensor and a method for fabricating the same for preventingcontamination and peeling of an array of micro lenses. The CMOS image sensor includes aplurality of photodiodes formed on and/or over a substrate, an insulating film formed on and/or over an entire surface of the substrate including the photodiodes, color filter layers formed on and/or over the insulating film, a first oxide film formed on and/or over the color filter layers, an ion-rich oxide film formed by injecting silicon ions into the first oxide film, a second oxide film formed on and/or over the ion-rich oxide film, and a micro lens pattern formed corresponding to the photodiodes by patterning the second oxide film.申请人：Jong-Taek Hwang地址：Cheongju-si KR国籍：KR代理机构：Sherr & Vaughn, PLLC更多信息请下载全文后查看。

HM-TD5567T-25/WThermographic Thermal & Optical Bi-spectrum Network MINI Positioning SystemHIKMICRO HM-TD5567T-25/W Thermographic Thermal & Optical Bi-spectrum Network MINI Positioning System equipped with built-in GPU which supports intelligent behavior analysis algorithm, can realize high-precision VCA detection and real-time alarm. It is applied to fire-prevention purposes in scenes such as transformer substation, recycling center, gas station, and factory. The pre-alarm system helps you discover unexpected events immediately and protects your property.Key Feature●Behavior analysis function, based on deep learning algorithm: line crossing, intrusion, region entrance & exit●Temperature exception alarm for fire prevention●Fire detection algorithm●640 × 512 resolution 17 μm, VOx UFPA, NETD ≤ 35 mK (25°C, F# = 1.0)●Image processing technology: Liner, histogram, and self-adaptive thermal AGC mode, DDE, 3D DNR●High quality detector with 10 years guaranteeSpecificationThermal ModuleImage Sensor Vanadium Oxide Uncooled Focal Plane ArraysResolution 640 × 512Pixel Pitch 17 μmSpectral Range 8 μm to 14 μmNETD ≤ 35 mK (25°C, F# = 1.0)Focal Length 25 mmIFOV 0.68 mradAperture F1.0Field of View 24.9° × 20° (H) × (V)Min. Focusing Distance 1.5 mDigital Zoom × 2, × 4, × 8Optical ModuleImage Sensor 1/2.8" Progressive Scan CMOSResolution 2688 × 1520, 4 MPMin. Illumination Color: 0.05 Lux @ (F1.6, AGC ON), B/W: 0.01 Lux @ (F1.6, AGC ON)Field of View 58.4° × 33.8° (H × V) to 2.14° × 1.2° (H × V)Focal Length 4.8 mm to 153 mm, 32 ×Aperture (Range) F1.2 to F4.4Focus Mode Semi-auto, manualDigital Zoom × 2, × 4, × 8, × 16Shutter Speed 1 s to 1/100,000 sWDR 120 dBOptical Defog YesImage EffectPicture in Picture Display partial image of thermal channel on the full screen of optical channel Target Coloration Yes. Supported in white hot and black hot mode.PTZMovement Range Pan: 360° Continuous Rotate; Tilt: From -90° to +90° (auto flip)Pan Speed Configurable, From 0.5°/s to 90°/sTilt Speed Configurable, From 0.5°/s to 40°/sProportional Zoom YesPresets 300Patrol Scan 8 patrols; Up to 32 presets per patrolPower Off Memory YesPark Preset/Patrol Scan/Auto Scan/Tilt Scan/Random Scan/Frame Scan/Panorama Scan PT Status Turn On/Turn OffScheduled Task Preset/Patrol Scan/Auto Scan/Tilt Scan/Random Scan/Frame Scan/Panorama Scan/Dome Reboot/Dome Adjust/Aux OutputIlluminatorIR Distance Up to 30 mIR Intensity and Angle Automatically adjustedSmart FunctionVCA 4 VCA rule types (line crossing, intrusion, region entrance, and region exiting), 10 scenes and 8 VCA rules for each scene.Temperature Measurement 3 temperature measurement rule types, 273 presets as scene, 21 rules of each scene (10 points, 10 areas, and 1 line)Temperature Range -20°C to 550°C (-4°F to 1022°F) Temperature Accuracy Max (± 2°C, ± 2%)Fire Detection Dynamic fire and smoke detection, up to 10 fire points and 10 smoke points detectable.Video and AudioMain Stream Optical channel50 Hz: 25 fps (2688 × 1520, 1920 × 1080, 1280 × 960, 1280 × 720)60 Hz: 30 fps (2688 × 1520, 1920 × 1080, 1280 × 960, 1280 × 720)Thermal channel50 fps (1920 × 1080, 1280 × 960, 1280 × 720, 704 × 576, 640 × 512, 384 × 288)Sub-stream Optical channel50 Hz: 25fps (704 × 576, 352 × 288)60 Hz: 30 fps (704 × 576, 352 × 288) Thermal channel50 fps (704 × 576, 640 × 512, 384 × 288)Video Compression Main stream: H.265+/H.265/H.264+/ H.264 Sub-stream: H.265/H.264/MJPEGAudio Compression G.711alaw/G.711ulaw/G.722.1/G.726/MP2L2/AAC/PCM NetworkProtocols IPv4/IPv6, HTTP, HTTPS, 802.1x, Qos, FTP, SMTP, UPnP, SNMP, DNS, DDNS, NTP, RTSP, RTCP, RTP, TCP, UDP, IGMP, ICMP, DHCP, PPPoENetwork Storage MicroSD/SDHC/SDXC card (up to 128 GB) local storage, and NAS (NFS, SMB/CIFS), auto network replenishment (ANR)API ISAPI, HIKVISION SDK, third-party management platform, ONVIF (Profile S, Profile G, Profile T)Simultaneous Live View Up to 20 channelsUser/Host level Up to 32 users. 3 levels: administrator, operator, userSecurity User authentication (ID and Password), MAC address binding, HTTPS encryption, IEEE 802.1x (EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS), access control, IP address filteringClient iVMS-4200, Hik-ConnectWeb Browser Live view (plug-in allowed): Internet Explorer 11 Live view (plug-in free): Chrome 57.0 +, Firefox 52.0 + Local service: Chrome 57.0 +, Firefox 52.0 +InterfaceAlarm Input 2-ch inputs (0 to 5 VDC)Alarm Output 2-ch relay outputs, alarm response actions configurableAlarm Action Preset/patrol scan/SD card record/relay output/smart capture/FTP upload/email linkageAudio Input 1 Audio Output 1Communication Interface 1, RJ45 10 M/100 M self-adaptive Ethernet interface. 1, RS-485 interfaceGeneralMenu Language 32 languagesEnglish, Russian, Estonian, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Greek, German, Italian, Czech, Slovak, French, Polish, Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Croatian, Slovenian, Serbian, Turkish, Korean, Traditional Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, Japanese, Latvian, Lithuanian, Portuguese (Brazil)Power Supply 24 VDC Power Consumption 20 WWorking Temperature/Humidity -40°C to 70°C (-40°F to 158°F) 90% or lessWiper YesProtection Level IP67 StandardTVS 6000V lightning protection, surge protection, voltage transient protectionDimensions 321 mm × 194 mm × 153 mm (12.64" × 7.64" × 6.02") Weight Approx. 4.8 kg (10.582 lb)DRI Range Table* The table is only for reference and the performance may vary according to different environment.* The optimal detection, recognition, and identification distances are calculated according to Johnson’s Criteria.Detection Range: In order to distinguish an object from the background, the object must be covered by 1.5 or more pixels. Recognition Range: In order to classify the object (animal, human, vehicle, etc.), the object must be covered by 6 or more pixels.Identification Range: In order to identify the object and describe it in details, the object must be covered by 12 or more pixels..Detection Range (Vehicles: 1.4 × 4.0 m) Detection Range (Humans: 1.8 × 0.5 m) Recognition Range (Vehicles: 1.4 × 4.0 m) Recognition Range (Humans: 1.8 × 0.5 m) Identification Range (Vehicles: 1.4 × 4.0 m) Identification Range (Humans: 1.8 × 0.5 m) 2255 m735 m564 m184 m282 m92 mSmart Function Table* The table is only for reference and the performance may vary according to different environment.VCA Range(Vehicles: 1.4 × 4.0 m) VCA Range (Humans: 1.8 × 0.5 m) Temperature Measurement (Object: 2 × 2 m) Temperature Measurement (Object: 1 × 1 m) Fire Detection (Object: 2 × 2 m) Fire Detection (Object: 1 × 1 m) 750 m250 m 588 m 294 m1471 m735 mAvailable Model HM-TD5567T-25/WDimensionCOMPLIANCE NOTICE: The thermal series products might be subject to export controls in various countries or regions, including without limitation, the United States, European Union, United Kingdom and/or other member countries of the Wassenaar Arrangement. Please consult your professional legal or compliance expert or local government authorities for any necessary export license requirements if you intend to transfer, export, re-export the thermal series products between different countries.。

无人驾驶航空器的图像处理技术在当今科技飞速发展的时代，无人驾驶航空器已经成为了航空领域的一个重要研究方向和应用领域。

无人驾驶航空器的成功运行离不开各种先进技术的支持，其中图像处理技术起着至关重要的作用。

图像处理技术对于无人驾驶航空器而言，就像是它的“眼睛”，能够帮助其感知周围环境、识别目标、规划路径以及进行各种复杂的操作。

那么，究竟什么是无人驾驶航空器的图像处理技术呢？简单来说，就是通过一系列的算法和技术手段，对无人驾驶航空器所拍摄的图像进行采集、分析、处理和理解，从而提取出有用的信息，为航空器的飞行控制和任务执行提供决策依据。

首先，图像采集是图像处理的第一步。

无人驾驶航空器通常会配备各种类型的摄像头，如可见光摄像头、红外摄像头等，以获取不同类型和角度的图像。

这些摄像头的性能和参数直接影响到采集到的图像质量，因此在选择和安装摄像头时需要充分考虑航空器的任务需求、飞行环境以及重量、功耗等限制因素。

在图像采集完成后，接下来就是图像的预处理阶段。

这一阶段的主要任务包括图像去噪、增强、几何校正等。

由于在图像采集过程中可能会受到各种因素的干扰，如光线变化、传感器噪声等，导致图像质量下降。

通过去噪可以去除图像中的噪声，增强可以提高图像的对比度和清晰度，几何校正则可以纠正由于航空器姿态变化或摄像头安装误差导致的图像变形。

然后是图像的特征提取。

这是图像处理中的一个关键环节，其目的是从图像中提取出具有代表性和区分性的特征，以便后续的目标识别和分类。

常见的图像特征包括边缘、角点、纹理等。

例如，通过边缘检测算法可以提取出图像中物体的轮廓，通过角点检测算法可以找到图像中的关键位置，而纹理特征则可以用于描述物体表面的特性。

目标识别是图像处理的一个重要应用。

在无人驾驶航空器的任务中，需要能够准确地识别出各种目标，如建筑物、道路、障碍物等。

目标识别的方法有很多种，其中基于模板匹配的方法是比较常见的一种。

它通过将待识别的目标与预先存储的模板进行匹配，从而确定目标的类别。

Hikvision DS-2TA21-2AVF Thermographic Cube Camera is able to measure object's temperature at a high accuracy in real time. It is applied to fire prevention purpose in electric system, industrial automation and so on. The pre-alarm system helps you discover unexpected events immediately and protects your property.Key Feature●160 × 120 (the resolution of output image is 640 × 480) resolution in thermal channel, high sensitivity sensor●Point, line and area for temperature measurement●Temperature range: -20°C to 150°C (-4°F to 302°F), 20°C to 350°C (68°F to 662°F); temperature accuracy: Max (±2 °C, ±2%) ●Reliable temperature exception alarm function●3D DNR, image detail enhancementSpecificationThermal ModuleImage Sensor Vanadium Oxide Uncooled Focal Plane ArraysMax. Resolution 160 × 120 (the resolution of output image is 640 × 480) Pixel Interval 17μmResponse Waveband 8μm to 14μmNETD less than 40 mk (@25°C, F#=1.1)Lens (Focal Length) 1.8 mmIFOV 9.44 mradField of View 90° × 66.4° (H × V)Min. Focusing Distance 0.1 mAperture F 1.1Optical ModuleMax. Image Resolution 1600 × 1200Image Sensor 1/2.8” Progressive Scan CMOSShutter Speed 1/30 s to 1/100,000 sLens (Focal Length) 2 mmField of View 92.6° × 75.8° (H × V)Compression StandardVideo Compression Main stream: H.265+/H.265/H.264+/ H.264 Sub stream: H.265/H.264/MJPEGH.264 Type Baseline Profile/Main Profile/High ProfileVideo Bit Rate 256 Kbps to 16 MbpsSmart FeatureTemperature Range -20°C to 150°C (-4°F to 302°F), 20°C to 350°C (68°F to 662°F) Temperature accuracy Max (±2 °C, ±2%)Temperature measurement type 3 temperature measurement rule types, 21 rulesImageMain Stream Thermal channel: 25fps (640 × 480) Optical channel: 25fps (1600 × 1200)Sub Stream Thermal channel: 25fps (640 × 480) Optical channel: 25fps (1600 × 1200)Image Enhancement 3D DNRImage Setting Brightness, Contrast, Background Correction, Manual Correction NetworkAlarm Trigger Video tampering alarm, Network disconnected, IP address conflict, Illegal login, HDD full, HDD errorProtocols IPv4/IPv6, HTTP, HTTPS, 802.1x, Qos, FTP, SMTP, UPnP, SNMP, DNS, DDNS, NTP, RTSP, RTCP, RTP, TCP, UDP, IGMP, ICMP, DHCP, PPPoE, BonjourGeneral Function One-key reset, heartbeat, mirror, password protection, privacy mask, watermark, IP address filterInterfaceCommunication Interface 1 RJ45 Ethernet port, 1 RS-485 interface Alarm 1 input, 1 outputThermometry IntegrationExternal Optics Correction Support Thermal Optical Transmittance and Manual Input External Optics TemperatureTemperature Info. of Thermometry Rule Real-time Output Time Interval: 500 msTemperature Info. of Image Real-time OutputDefault is 4 fps, 32bit × 160 × 120 per frame 16 bit and 32 bit are selectableCapture Thermal Graphic 32 bit 160 × 120Metadata Output Max. 25 fps (16bit 160 × 120) GeneralMenu language EnglishPower Supply 10-30 VDC, Max. 4W PoE (802.3af, class 2)Working Temperature andHumidity-20 °C to 50 °C (-4 °F to 122 °F), humidity less than 95% Protection IP 67Dimension 56 mm × 38.8 mm × 110 mm (2.20" × 1.53" × 4.33") Weight Approx. 335 g (0.74 lb)Available ModelDS-2TA21-2AVFDimension。