全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试

全国2008 年10 月高等教育自学考试应用文写作试题课程代码：02126、单项选择题（本大题共22小题，每小题1分，共22 分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．为了使听众能很快明了广播的内容，达到预期的新闻效果，因此广播稿具有特点（A ．语言简明B •逻辑性强C.条款明确 D •表现手法多样2•简讯一般只突出事实中的某一部分或某一侧面，因此，在写作时要求（A •格式规范B •内容真实C.通俗易懂 D •背景从略3 •失实的消息不仅毫无价值可言，而且会造成很坏的影响，因此消息具有特点（A •真实性B •欺骗性C.权威性 D •目的性4 •申请人在申请执行书中要求运用国家强制力量维护自己的合法权益，以使生效的法律文书得到切实的执行，因此其具有特点（A •说服力强B •内容真实C.愿望强烈 D •特色鲜明5•诉状有其特定的项目：如原被告的基本情况、谋求事项、事实与理由、致送机关等，为使人民法院能全面掌握情况，利于对申诉人的支持，因此写作时要求（A •要素齐全B •体例规范C.合情合理 D •论证充分6•规定是为了解决特定范围内的工作和事务而制订的，它根据不同的情况拟定不同的条款，因此规定具有特点（A •事理结合B •具有强迫性C.内容专门具体 D •具有号召力7•就某一问题或事项，提出本机关的处理意见，请求上级机关给予批准或表明态度，应该书写的是（A .通知B .意向书C.诉状 D •请示8借助通知可以将有关事项告知一定范围内的组织或个人，因此通知具有特点（A .时效性B •周知性9．为便于执行检查，计划在时间、数量、质量、目的、任务等方面写作时要求(A •面面俱到B •条理清楚C.表述准确 D •实事求是10.—份好的申请书，它的申请理由必定如实客观，不真实的申请书可能导致相反的结果，因此申请书具有特点(A •导向性B •真实性C.论证性 D •感情性11开幕词要向会议发出号召、提出希望，确保会议顺利召开、圆满结束，因此，开幕词应具有特点(A .宣告性B •号召性C.理想性 D •暂时性12. —篇演讲稿如果只是思想内容好，而语言干巴无味，也起不到应有的作用，因此，演讲稿的语言要求(A •特色鲜明B •通俗易懂C端庄典雅 D •富有感染力13•为向作出贡献的个人或集体表示慰问，鼓励他们戒骄戒躁，继续前进，应写作的慰问信是A •劝说型B •强迫型C鼓励型 D •肯定型14•感谢信的叙述和议论要倾注作者真诚、朴素的情感，这样才能真正打动人，令人信服，因此感谢信写作时要求(A •感情真挚B •以理服人C实事求是 D •多加赞扬15•不针对消费者制作的商品广告，很难发挥其宣传商品、促售商品的作用，因此商品广告写作时要求(A •创造性强B •针对性强C说服力强 D •议论充分16 •双方或多方就某一项目的合作问题，在实质性谈判之前，经过初步接触而形成的具有原则性、导向性意见的书面材料是(A •意向书B •经济合同书C.投标书 D •招标书17•根据大量现时和过去的市场经济活动的现象分析研究其发展变化趋势，并对市场活动进行预测的一种市场活动分析方法是(A •比较分析法C.动态分析法B •类推法D •集合意见法18．主要通过向经营人员、销售人员、消费者进行调查，取得各种相关信息，归纳整理，研究讨论、 集思广益，最后确定一个预测值，这种市场预测调查方法是（ ）C .广泛性D .时效性20. 来源于实践，又为实践所验证了的理论、思想、观点是（ ）A •事实性材料B •具体材料C .观念性材料D .直接材料 21. 写作者通过全篇内容表达出来的贯穿全文的写作意图、观点和公务活动的行为意向称为应用文的 （）A .立意B .主旨C .构思D .实用性 22. 应用文的撰稿人必须根据国家有关方针、政策和相关规章制度，针对问题，表明自己的观点，因 此立意具有（ ）A .时代性B .客观性 D .主观性A ．集合意见法C .定量预测法 19．市场调查报告应及时反馈市场信息， A .事实性B .因果法 D .专家意见法因此市场调查报告具有（） B .针对性C .观念性、多项选择题 （本大题共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，共 10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试公文写作与处理试题课程代码：00341一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．机关或组织的法定地位赋予其在职权范围内( )A．发文的权力B．收文的权力C．公文处理的权力D．制定和处理公文的权力2．“盖文章，经国之大业，不朽之盛事”，语出( )A．《史记》B．《汉书》C．《文心雕龙》D．《典论·论文》3．公文的文体、表达方式及其在格式上的安排称之为( )A．公文格式B．公文结构C．公文体式D．公文程式4．机关之间的一般性关系又称为( )A．领导与被领导关系 B．指导与被指导关系C．平级关系D．不相隶属关系5．首次将“议案”列为国家行政机关法定公文文种是在( )A．1987年B．1993年C．1997年D．2000年6．民国时期，国民政府和解放区政府用于公布事项的文种有三种，即( )A．公告、通告、公报B．布告、公告、通报C．公告、通告、布告D．公报、通告、布告7．《中国人民银行关于国家货币出入境限额的公告》属于( )A．涉及法定事项的公告B．决策性公告C．知照性公告D．指挥性公告8．将报告分为综合报告和专题报告的依据是( )A．报告内容涉及的范围B．报告内容的结构C．报告篇幅的长短D．报告的发文意图9．守则最突出的特点是( )A．切实可行B．简洁易记C．政治性强D．具体细致10．闭幕词的开头主要是( )A．答谢与会人员 B．概括总结大会的主要成果C．展望未来D．分析形势11．公文处理的每一个具体环节都应体现( )A．权威性B．政治性C．规范性D．机要性12．在以下公文办理程序中，收文和发文都要经过的程序是( )A．分办B．审核C．拟办D．批办13．公文处理工作的最后一道程序是( )A．发文登记B．承办C．封发D．整理(立卷)14．准确、鲜明、生动、符合语法和逻辑，是公文写作的( )A．政治要求B．业务要求C．文字表达要求D．行文规范要求15．没有领导与指导关系的机关之间( )A．只能使用平行文B．只能使用上行文C．只能使用下行文D．不能行文16．将“报告”与“请示”分开的规定，始见于( )A．1957年B．1981年C．1987年D．1993年17．必须以法律、法规为依据来制定的文书是( )A．章程B．办法C．实施细则D．规定18．如实记载会议基本情况和主要内容的文书是( )A．会议纪要B．会议记录C．会议公报D．会议决议19．公文处理工作的特点除政治性、时限性、规范性外，还具有( )A．准确性B．权威性C．机要性D．政策性20．机关文书部门收到下级机关上报的需要办理的公文应当先( )A．分办B．批办C．传阅D．审核二、多项选择题(本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中有二至五个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试中国近现代史纲要试题课程代码：03708一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.鸦片战争前中国封建社会的主要矛盾是（）A.地主阶级和农民阶级的矛盾B.帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾C.资产阶级和工人阶级的矛盾D.封建主义和资本主义的矛盾2.中国封建社会产生过诸多“盛世”，出现在清代的是（）A.文景之治B.贞观之治C.开元之治D.康乾盛世3.将中国领土台湾割让给日本的不平等条约是（）A.《南京条约》B.《北京条约》C.《马关条约》D.《瑗珲条约》4.西方列强对中国的侵略，首先和主要的是（）A.政治控制B.军事侵略C.经济掠夺D.文化渗透5.1839年组织编写成《四洲志》，向中国人介绍西方情况的是（）A.林则徐B.魏源C.马建忠D.郑观应6.19世纪末，在帝国主义列强瓜分中国的狂潮中提出“门户开放”政策的国家是（）A.俄国B.日本C.美国D.德国7.太平天国农民起义爆发的时间是（）A.1851年B.1853年C.1856年D.1864年8.太平天国由盛而衰的转折点是（）A.永安建制B.北伐失利C.天京事变D.洪秀全病逝9.最早对兴办洋务的指导思想作出完整表述的人是（）A.冯桂芬B.马建忠C.王韬D.郑观应10.洋务运动时期最早创办的翻译学堂是（）A.同文馆B.广方言馆C.译书局D.译书馆11.1898年发表《劝学篇》一文，对抗维新变法的洋务派官僚是（）A.李鸿章B.左宗棠C.张之洞D.刘坤一12.戊戌维新时期，维新派在上海创办的影响较大的报刊是（）A.《时务报》B.《国闻报》C.《湘报》D.《万国公报》13.中国第一个资产阶级革命政党是（）A.兴中会B.中国同盟会C.中华革命党D.中国国民党14.武昌起义前夕，在保路运动中规模最大、斗争最激烈的省份是（）A.湖南B.湖北C.广东D.四川15.中国历史上第一部具有资产阶级共和国宪法性质的法典是（）A.《中华民国宪法》B.《钦定宪法大纲》C.《中华民国约法》D.《中华民国临时约法》16.为反对袁世凯刺杀宋教仁和“善后大借款”，孙中山在1913年领导革命党人发动了（）A.二次革命B.护国战争C.护法战争D.北伐战争17.1930年成立的中国国民党临时行动委员会（又称第三党），其主要领导人是（）A.梁漱溟B.黄炎培C.张君劢D.邓演达18.1930年1月，毛泽东进一步从理论上阐述农村包围城市、武装夺取政权理论的文章是（）A.《中国的红色政权为什么能够存在?》B.《星星之火，可以燎原》C.《井冈山的斗争》D.《中国革命战争的战略问题》19.1928年l2月，毛泽东主持制定的中国共产党历史上第一个土地法是（）A.《井冈山土地法》B.《兴国土地法》C.《关于清算、减租及土地问题的指示》D.《中国土地法大纲》20.国民党四大家族官僚资本的性质是（）A.私人垄断资本主义B.封建的买办的国家垄断资本主义C.私人资本主义D.国家资本主义21.1936年10月，中国工农红军第一、二、四方面军胜利会师于（）A.陕北保安地区B.陕北洛川地区C.陕北瓦窑堡地区D.甘肃会宁、静宁地区22.遵义会议后，中共中央政治局成立了新的三人团负责红军的军事行动，其成员是（）A.毛泽东、朱德、周恩来B.毛泽东、朱德、王稼祥C.毛泽东、周恩来、王稼祥D.毛泽东、张闻天、周恩来23.中华民族进入全民族抗战是在（）A.九一八事变后B.一二八事变后C.华北事变后D.卢沟桥事变后24.1935年12月，中国共产党确定抗日民族统一战线政策的会议是（）A.遵义会议B.瓦窑堡会议C.洛川会议D.晋绥干部会议25.在抗日战争的战略防御阶段，国民党军队在正面战场上取得胜利的战役是（）A.台儿庄战役B.桂南战役C.枣宜战役D.中条山战役26.毛泽东在《论持久战》中指出，中国抗日战争取得胜利最关键的阶段是（）A.战略防御阶段B.战略相持阶段C.战略反攻阶段D.战略决战阶段27.1945年4月，出席联合国制宪会议中国代表团中的解放区代表是（）A.周恩来B.刘少奇C.董必武D.王若飞28.抗日战争胜利后，国共双方通过重庆谈判签订《政府与中共代表会谈纪要》的时间是（）A.1945年8月B.1945年9月C.1945年10月D.1945年11月29.1947年10月10日，《中国人民解放军宣言》提出的口号是（）A.和平、民主、团结B.向北发展、向南防御C.打倒蒋介石，解放全中国D.将革命进行到底30.1949年6月，毛泽东发表的系统论述中国共产党建国主张的著作是（）A.《新民主主义论》B.《目前形势和我们的任务》C.《论联合政府》D.《论人民民主专政》二、多项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

2008年10月全国自考（教育学）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 名词解释题 3. 简答题 4. 论述题 5. 案例分析题单项选择题每小题2分，在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．教育学的研究对象是A．教育事实B．教育价值C．教育规律D．教育问题正确答案：D2．下面知识类型中属于教育学元理论范畴的是A．关于教育目的的知识B．关于教育学逻辑起点的知识C．关于教育性质的知识D．关于教育与社会关系的知识正确答案：B3．在教育史上，“双轨制”学校教育产生于A．奴隶社会B．封建社会C．资本主义社会D．社会主义社会正确答案：C4．学校传统属于A．学校制度文化B．学校物质文化C．学校精神文化D．学校行为文化正确答案：A5．认为“人的发展等于遗传与环境之和”的学者是A．柏拉图B．洛克C．华生D．施太伦正确答案：D6．在我国，初级中学教师资格的认定机构是A．县级人民政府教育行政部门B．地市级人民政府教育行政部门C．省级人民政府教育行政部门D．国务院教育行政部门正确答案：A7．美国教育家杜威的教育目的论是A．神学教育目的论B．个人本位教育目的论C．社会本位教育目的论D．教育无目的论正确答案：D8．德育个体性功能的最高层次是A．生存性功能B．发展性功能C．享用性功能D．教育性功能正确答案：C9．以间接经验为主的课程，其典型的表现形式是A．学科课程B．活动课程C．综合课程D．融合课程正确答案：A10．在美国学者乔伊斯和韦尔提出的教学模式分类体系中，非指导性教学模式属于A．个人类教学模式B．信息加工类教学模式C．社会类教学模式D．行为修正类教学模式正确答案：A11．强调充分利用各种艺术手段配合教学的教学方法是A．纲要信号图式教学法B．暗示教学法C．非指导教学法D．范例教学法正确答案：B12．学校心理咨询的根本目标是帮助来访学生A．解除心理困扰B．度过当前危机C．学会自主自立D．缓解紧张情绪正确答案：C13．形成性测验的目的是A．分班分组B．调控教学C．实施奖惩D．总结分析正确答案：B14．《中华人民共和国教师法》在我国教育法律体系中属于A．教育法B．部门教育法C．教育行政法规D．地方教育法规正确答案：B15．我国中小学班级组织的建制形式多数属于A．直线式B．螺旋式C．直线职能式D．螺旋职能式正确答案：C名词解释题每小题3分16．教科书正确答案：简称课本，它是根据教学大纲系统阐述学科内容的教学用书，是教学大纲的具体化。

全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二试题课程代码:00596请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上。

全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外I. Reading Comprehension. (50 points, 2 points for eachDirections: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. Passage OneWhether you‘re delivering a speech, approaching your boss for a raise or addressing audience on an important social occasion, do your homework. The most polished, smoothly delivered, spontaneous-sounding talks are the result of many hours of work. The memorable one-liners and moving phrases that go down in history don‘t come from last minute burst of inspiration.If you‘re making a p resen tation of any sort, begin preparing as far ahead of time as possible. ―Good writing,‖ says Harvard University historian Richard Marius, ―is a kind of wrestling with thought.‖ Begin the wrestling match early. Two days before your presentation is usually too late to go into the ring and come up with a winning idea.Prepare yourself as well as your material, giving special attention to your voice. A shrill, nasal tone strikes your listener like chalk screeching on a blackboard. By putting energy and resonance into your voice, you will have a positive effect. If your voice is timid or quivers with nervousness, you sense it, the audience hears it, and you see discomfort in their eyes. With energy and enthusiasm in your voice, the listeners say ahhh, tell me more. Y ou read approval.Like your voice, your appearance is a communication tool. For example, if you are animated, you are most likely to see animated listeners. Y ou give the audience the message: I‘m glad I‘m here; I‘m glad you‘re here.However, don‘t e ve r assume that an audience, an interviewer, your boss will be sympathetic. Always be prepared for a grilling. Think beforehand of the ten toughest questions you could get and be ready with your answers. And remember, when you‘re asked a hostile question, never show hostility to your questioner. If you do, you lose.While the hostile questioner is talking, prepare your response. Take a positive tack immediately, and make your answer short. The instant the interviewer finishes the question, begin the answer: first point, second point, third point...bingo, your conclusion.The way you listen gives messages about you too. Listen with interest, focusing your eyes on the speaker. If he or she is sitting next to you, angle your body slightly in the chair so that y o u‘re turned toward the person. Animate your face with approval. It says, I‘m with you, I‘m interested in what you‘re saying.Once you‘re prepared for a situation, you‘re 50 per cent of the way toward overcoming nervousness. The other 50 percent is the physical and mental control of nervousness: adjusting your attitude so you have confidence, and control of yourself and your audience.Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The methods that one can use to let people agree with him or her in a speech.B. How to make one‘s voice and appearance pleasant when one gives speeches.C. The importance of preparation before one talks to people on formal occasions.D. How to overcome anxiety when one talks to the audience on formal occasions.2. ―One-liners‖ (Para. 1are ________.A. well-written articlesB. excellent speechesC. single witty sentencesD. unforgettable phrases3. By saying ―like chalk screeching on a blackboard‖ (Para. 3, the author ________.A. refers to the feeling an unpleasant voice arouses in the audienceB. points out that one needs to use chalk to write on the blackboardC. means that one should speak loud enough for all audience to hearD. stresses that one must put energy and resonance into his or her voice4. When asked a hostile question, one should________.A. answer quickly and brieflyB. ignore the question totallyC. defend himself or herself firmlyD. respond smartly and pleasantly5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. One should look out for tough questions from an audience beforehand.B. One should spend a lot of time preparing before talking to an audience.C. If one looks active and vigorous, the audience will respond accordingly.D. If on e makes a thorough prepara tion he won‘t be nervous at all in a speech.Passage TwoSoccer might be the most popular sport in the world, but for decades, Americans have managed to resist its charm. Their attention has been focused, of course, on the big three American sports: baseball, football and basketball. And while soccer is rapidly gaining popularity among younger Americans, the older generation remains detached from the game, even when the rest of the world is glued to TV screens watching the 2006 World Cup matches.It‘s not a s though soccer is a stranger to American shores. The U.S. national soccer team played in the first World Cup in 1930. But from the start, the game had an image for many Americans as an immigrant sport. Still soccer began to attract more attention in the United States after the 1974 World Cup.The following year, the country got its first professional soccer teams, with the launch of the North American Soccer League. The New Y ork Cosmos became the league‘s flagship franchise when i t acquired a stellar ros ter of players from 16 different countries, including the Brazilian soccer legend Pele, the high-scoring Italian great Georgio Chinagalia, andGerman superstar Franz Beckenbauer. By 1977, attendance at American soccer games had grown to a record 62,000.Peppe Pinton, a veteran soccer player and the executive director of the Cosmos soccer camps, likes to recall those golden days when American fans packed the stadiums to watch some of the world‘s best soccer players — most of them play ing on the same team. ―Americans are used to watch winners,‖ Pinton says. ―Americans are used to watch superstars, great players in all sports, and they are not settling for inferiority. TheCosmos team was not successful in the early years, but it was suc cessful when those pla yers came here.‖People lined up to get into the stadium like they would line up to get into a popular restaurant, Pinton says. ―People attracted people. And the Cosmos made this happen all over the U.S.,‖ he says. ―It drew record cro wds in Seattle, in Mi ami, in Tampa, Boston, in Chicago and then they went all over the world. They went even into China when nobody was reaching China those years.‖But for 40 years, the U.S. was unable to qualify for World Cup games because most of the players on its soccer teams were not American citizens. Finally, in 1990, with enough home-grown or naturalized players on its rosters, the U.S. was able to field a World Cup team.Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.6. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The U.S. has been playing in World Cup for 20 years.B. Soccer is not one of the top spectator sports in the U.S.C. Many players on America‘s soccer team were foreigners.D. More and more young people in the U.S. are enjoying soccer.7. Which is true about the New Y ork Cosmos?A. It was established in 1975.B. It played in the 1974 World Cup.C. It was a great success in mid- 1970s.D. It broke a sport record in the late 1970s.8. It is suggested that more and more Americans will watch soccer if________.A. their team plays in the World CupB. there are superstar players in their teamsC. there is greater promotion of the sportD. more matches are arranged in their country9. Which year is the most glorious time for soccer in the U.S.?A. 1974.B. 1977.C. 1990.D. 2006.10. ―Field‖ (Para. 6has the closest meaning to which of the following?A. To sponsor a team.B. To host a sports event.C. To provide a game venue.D. To send players to a game.Passage ThreeMany Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science andnutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated ch icken were as great as some people believe, ―the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.‖Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant‘s weight is made up of natural pesticides. He says, ―Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.‖ And many naturally producedchemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens — substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at C ornell University, ―We‘ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.‖Y et the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amount of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.Questions 11-15 are based on Passage Three.11. What does the author think of the Americans‘ view of their food?A. They overlook the risks of the food they eat.B. They overestimate the hazards of their food.C. They are overoptimistic about the safety of the food they eat.D. They overstate the government‘s interference with the food industry.12. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ______.A. no food is free from pollution in the environmentB. pesticides are presently widely used in agricultureC. almost all foods have additives and preservativesD. many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals13. By saying ―they employ chemical warfare‖ (Para. 2, Bruce Ames means ______.A. plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseasesB. plants make use of natural chemicals to promote their growth111C. farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plantsD. farmers use man-made chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases14. Who is most responsible for better food and water supply?A. The government.B. The consumer.C. The processor.D. The growers.15. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?A. Eating and drinking have become more hazardous.B. Measures must be taken to improve food production.C. Health food is no longer a dream in modern society.D. There is no cause for alarm about food consumption.Passage FourThe estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U.S. Department of Education estimates there are 250, 000 to 350, 000 home-schooled children in the country. Home-school advocates put the number much higher –at about a million.Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teaching children.Y et, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, and as home schoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Public schoolers have moved closer to tolerance and, in some cases, even cooperation.Says John Marshall, an education official, ―We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers.‖ The idea is, ―Let‘s give the kids access to public school so they‘ll see it‘s not as terrible as they‘ve been told, and they‘ll want to come back.‖Perhaps, but don‘t count on it, say home-school advocates. Home schoolers, oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education —whether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child‘s interests and na tural pace — is best.―The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone,‖ says Eng e Cannon, associate director of the National Center For Home Education. She says home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time.Professor V an Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also ―strict religious doctrine and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn —both intellectually and emotionally —that the family is the most important institution in society.‖Other home schoolers contend ―not so much that the schools teach heresy, but that schools teach wha tever they teach inappropriately‖. V an Galen writes, ―These parents are highly independ ent and strive to ‗take responsibility‘ for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient.‖Questions 16-20 are based on Passage Four.16. According to the passage, home schoolers are______.A. those who hire teachers to educate their children after schoolB. those who are educated at home instead of going to schoolC. those who advocate combining public education with home schoolingD. those who teach their children at home instead of sending them to school17. Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because______.A. they want to show their tolerance for different situationB. there isn‘t much they can do to cha nge the present situationC. public schools cannot offer proper education for all childrenD. home schooling provides a new variety of education for children18. Home-school advocates are of the opinion that ______.A. things in public schools are not so bad as they have often been saidB. their cooperation with public school will bring about benefits to allC. home schooling is superior and, therefore, they will not easily give inD. their tolerance of public education will attract more kids to public schools19. Most home schoolers‘ opposition to public education stems from their______.A. devotion to religionB. concern with the cost involvedC. respect for the interest of individualsD. worry about the inefficiency of public schools20. According to V an Galen, some home schoolers believe that ______.A. public schools take up a herdlike approach to teaching childrenB. teachers in public schools are not as responsible as they should beC. public schools cannot provide good enough education for their childrenD. public schools are the source of bureaucracy and inefficiency in societyPassage FiveImagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion —a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation.People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely toharm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there co uld be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society‘s economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $ 10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways.As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object‘s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us — hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society.Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are ―good‖ and others are ―bad‖, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life — from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept.In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal system to make people afraid to engage in anti-social acts.Questions 21-25 are based on Passage Five.21. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that______.A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB. they would not know what was harmful to themC. they would not be happy with a life without loveD. they would do things that hurt each other‘s feelings22. According to the passage, peo ple‘s learning activities are possible because they______.A. believe that emotions are fundamentalB. benefit from providing help to one anotherC. enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingD. know what is vital to the progress of society23. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on______.A. the ability to make moneyB. the will to work for pleasureC. the capacity to enjoy incentivesD. the wish to create more products24. Emotions are significant for man‘s survival and adaptation because ______.A. they encourage people to perform dangerous achievementsB. they generate more love than hate among people in societyC. they provide the means by which people view the shape of objectsD. they give people the social feeling of agreement that maintains society25. The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they ______.A. help us adapt our behavior to the societyB. encourage us to perform important tasksC. help to perfect the legal and penal systemD. help society exploit its members for profitII. Vocabulary. (10 points, 1 point for eachDirections: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each worddefinition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on your Answer Sheet.Although the actual extent of computer crime is difficult to measure, most experts agree that it is one of the fastest growing areas of illegal activity. The principal reason for both the growth and the lack of accurate measurement is the difficulty in detecting a well-executed theft. Losses per incident thus tend to be higher than in other types of theft. Once the computer criminal has compromised the system, it is just as easy to steal a great sum as it is to steal a little, and to continue stealing long after the initial theft.Computer criminals are, for the most part, well-educated and highly intelligent, and have the analytical skills that make them valued employees. The fact that computer criminals do not fit criminal stereotypes helps them to obtain the positions they require to carry out crimes. Being intelligent, they have fertile imaginations, and the variety of ways in which they use equipment to their advantages is constantly being extended. In addition to direct theft of funds, the theft of data for corporate espionage or extortion is being widespread, and can obviously have a substantial effect on a company‘s finances. Another lucrative scheme, often difficult to detect, involves accumulating fractions pence from individual payroll accounts, with electronic transfer of the accumulated amount to the criminal‘s payroll.Sabotage is also an increasingly common type of computer crime. Everyone in the computer business has heard of cases of a ―ti me-bomb‖ being placed in a program. Typically, the programmer inserts an instruction that causes the computer to destroy an entire personnel data bank, for example, if the programmer‘s employment is terminated. As soon as the termination data is fed into the system, it automatically erases the entire program.26. most important; main (Para. 127. something that happens (Para. 128. to do something damaging (Para. 129. fixed images of what a particular type of person is like (Para. 230. full of interesting and unusual ideas (Para. 231. profitable; able to make a lot of money (Para. 232. the process by which something moves or is moved from one place to another (Para. 233. damage done deliberately to equipment so that they can‘t be used (Para. 334. puts something into something else (Para. 335. the act of ending something (Para. 3III. Summarization. (20 points, 2 points for eachDirections: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.Paragraph OneMany banks are preparing ―online branches‖, which means that people will be able to take care of their banking business through their home computers. At these online branches, customers will be able to view their accounts, move money between their accounts, apply for a loan, and get current information on products such as credit.36. What can be realized ______at ―online branches‖.Paragraph TwoBy the 17th century people began to leave gold with the local goldsmiths for safe keeping. Receipts of ￡1 or ￡5 were issued which could then be converted back into gold at any time. Soon these receipts began to circulate as banknotes.37. The origin______ of banknotes.Paragraph ThreePop Art was defined by images of material goods and popular culture. Pop artists rejected the serious nature of the art world. They painted or printed everyday images of things that usually are not considered art. These images included photographs from magazines, drink advertisements and drawings from popular comic strips.38. I ntroduction____ of Pop Art.Paragraph FourIn the U.S. today, it is common to pay one fourth to one third of family‘s income on the place to live. Big houses are more expensive than smaller ones. And houses closer to the center of big cities are more expensive than the ones in the suburbs or in small towns.39. The cost_______ of housing in the U.S. today is very high.Paragraph FiveA new public health report concludes there is no safe level of environmental tobacco smoke. One of the nation‘s top public health physician says inhaling someone else‘s tobacco smoke leads to an immediate chain of biological events that can lead to disease in a non-smoker and even death.40. Expert warns __________ against environmental tobacco smoke.Paragraph SixDehydration limits a person‘s ability to work and think. Experts say a reduction of only four or five percent in body water leads to a drop of twenty to thirty percent in work ability. The loss of salt through perspiration also reduces the amount of work that muscles can do.41. Relation_______ between dehydration and person‘s ability to work and think.Paragraph SevenHard war situation finally forced Germany to make the decision that would bring the United States into the war. It decided to use its submarines to break the British blockade. The submarines would attack any ships that came near Britain. This included ships from neutral countries, like the United States.42. Germany adopted new strategy_________ in hard situation.Paragraph EightThe Tata Group is made up of 96 companies that employ more than 200,000 people. Tata operates in more than 54 countries. Its companies run hotels, provide engineering services and business advice. They also make cars and steel, among other things.43. The Tata Group is involved in various __________ industries.Paragraph NineAnxiety is normal. Y ou just have to prevent it from getting the best of you. The first step is to learn to relax. If before or during an examination you start to panic, stretch as hard as you can, tensing the muscles in your arms and legs, and then suddenly relax all of them.44. How one should handle __________ anxiety.Paragraph TenElectronic mail can eliminate hours of frustrating ―telephone tag‖ and enable people to communicate across time-zones with ease. It also substitutes for busy fax machines that print out piles of paper which are often misplaced or misdirected. With electronic mail, the message appears upon the computer screen of the individual being contacted.45. People benefit__________ from electronic mails a lot.IV. T ranslation. (20 points, 4 points for eachDirections: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and then translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.Machinery has made it possible to produce more and more food in vast areas, such as the plains of America and Russia. Crops have increased almost everywhere and people are growing more and more food. 46. New forms of preservation have also been developed so that food need not be eaten as soon as it has grown. 储藏食物的新方法也得到了发展。

全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试社会研究方法试题课程代码：03350一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.社会调查研究活动是通过了解社会生活中的具体事实而获得对社会的认识，这是社会研究特征中的( )A.目的性B.经验性C.理论性D.社会性2.下列属于集合概念的是( )A.老年人B.残疾人C.国家D.国际奥委会3.划分横向研究与纵向研究的依据是( )A.研究内容B.研究性质C.研究方法D.研究的时间尺度4.通过对中国历次人口普查数据的比较来分析中国人口发展的趋势，这属于( )A.同期群研究B.趋势研究C.同组研究D.横向研究5.关于普查，下列表述准确的是( )A.调查项目多B.工作量少C.资料精确D.成本较小6.社会研究的选题方式中，完全由研究者自己选定研究题目，不受任何组织和个人的影响，这是( )A.申报研究课题B.纯自主选题C.上级定题D.委托研究课题7.最突出的特点是能够获得标准化的数据资料，这种社会研究方式是( )A.调查研究B.个案研究C.文献研究D.实地研究8.在量化测量中，精确度最高的测量是( )A.定序测量B.定类测量C.定比测量D.定距测量9.研究者在抽象思维的领域中，对外部客观现实的各种要素特征及其关系的再现，是指( )A.理论假设B.理论命题C.命题推演D.理论模型10.对吸毒人群进行研究，一般先找到几个吸毒者，然后通过他们的介绍找到新的吸毒者，这种抽样方法是( )A.方便抽样B.配额抽样C.雪球抽样D.判断抽样11.研究者严格按照随机原则来抽取样本，排除任何事先设定的模式，每一个对象的抽取都是相互独立的，这属于( )A.简单随机抽样B.系统抽样C.同组抽样D.多段整群抽样12.社会研究者在思维中按照抽象出来的某种特征对社会现象进行归类表述，这是( )A.理论假设B.理论建构C.理论概括D.理论抽象13.建立指数的第一个步骤是( )A.选取符合标准的指标B.指标加权C.处理缺失值D.相关性分析14.最简单、最直接评估信度的方法是( )A.内容信度B.复本信度C.折半信度D.再测信度15.问卷的主体部分是( )A.编码位B.问题和答案C.封面D.访问记录16.在评价问卷初稿时，为检验问卷初稿的适用性，研究者将设计好的问卷初稿送给相关专家、研究者以及少数被调查者，请他们阅读和分析问卷初稿，并提出修改意见，这种方法也叫( )A.客观评价法B.主观评价法C.直接评价法D.间接评价法17.在问卷设计中，研究者在问卷中只提出问题，而让被调查者根据自己的情况和态度随意回答的是( )A.多项选择式问题B.封闭式问题C.填空式问题D.开放式问题18.访谈者在访谈过程中始终应该( )A.以权威的身份出现B.耐心细致C.采取忠告的态度D.在争论中进行19.在无结构访谈中，不破坏调查者与被调查者的互动，减少由于记录而对被调查者回答问题的影响，最适合采用的记录方式是( )A.当场记录B.问卷记录C.事后记录D.事前记录20.实施观察中最重要的工作是( )A.进入观察现场B.对变量进行操纵与控制C.参加到观察对象的生活当中D.进行观察、测量并记录观察资料21.20世纪70年代，美国的反淫秽书刊委员会抽样选取一些城市的“成人书店”作为观察点，在书店的外面设置隐蔽的观察点，掌握了经常光顾“成人书店”的人的特征，为制定相关对策提供了依据。

全国2008年10 月高等教育自学考试高等数学(一)试题课程代码：00020一、单项选择题(本大题共5 小题，每小题2 分，共10分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. 设函数y=f (x)的定义域为(1，2]，则f (ax)(a<0)的定义域是( )A.( 1, 2 ]B.[ 2,1)C.(a，2a]D.(2,a]a a a a a知识点：函数的定义域答案：B解： 1 ax 22x1aa2. 设f (x)=x|x|，则f′(0)=( )A.1B.-1C.0D.不存在知识点：函数的导数答案：C解：1 / 122 / 12x 2,x 0f(x) x xx 2,x 0f '(0) f _ '(0) f '(0) 03. 下列极限中不能应用洛必达法则的是 (ln x cos2x A. lim B.lim x x x知识点：洛必达法则C.lim ln xD. lim e x ln x x 11 xx答案：BA.cos x -x sin xB.cos x + x sin xC.sin x -x cos xD.sin x + x cos x知识点：变上限积分的导数 答案：A 解： f(x) ( 0 f(t)dt)'5.设某商品的需求量xcosx ' cosx xsinxD 对价格 p 的需求函数为 D =50- p，则需求 5价格弹性函数为 ( )f _ '(0) limx0x0limx0x0f '(0)lim x0x0lim x 0x0解：A. lim lnxxxB. lim cos2x xxC.lim ln xx 11 xD. lim e x ln xx10 x 这个用有界量乘以无穷小量等于无穷小量lim x4.设 f (x )是连续函数，lim 1 1 x1xlnx 1 lim x lim x 0x e x x xe x且 f(t)dt xcosx ， 则 f (x )=(3 / 12A. pB. pC.1 pD.1pp 250 250 p 5 250 p5p 250 知识点：需求价格弹性答案：BEDPP解：EDP D '(P) PP PEP D 5D5 50 P250 P5二、填空题(本大题共 10小题， 每小题 3 分，共 30 分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。

全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试公安法规试题课程代码：00361一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．下列警察法律事实中属于事件的是（）A．婴儿的出生B．公民违章行车C．公民依法向公安部门申请办理出国护照D．上级公安机关依法变更下级公安机关的处罚裁决2．在警察法基本原则中，主要针对警察权力行使中的自由裁量权问题而确立的是（）A．依法行使职权原则B．公正原则C．不受非法干涉原则D．有错必纠原则3．下列关于警察主体的说法中错误．．的是（）A．授权性警察主体的警察职权一般具有专项性B．职权性警察主体只能是能独立对外行使职权的各级公安机关C．授权性警察主体和职权性警察主体的划分具有相对性D．职权性警察主体的警察职权具有一定的综合性4．下列警察行为中属于废止权利性质的是（）A．对醉酒的人实行约束B．对犯罪嫌疑人实行拘传C．对违法行为人实行治安拘留D．对出入境证件进行收缴5．警察行为根据其表现的形式可分为（）A．抽象的警察行为和具体的警察行为B．羁束的警察行为和自由裁量的警察行为C．例行性的警察行为和对策性的警察行为D．警察行政行为、警察刑事行为和紧急状态处置行为6．根据我国《出境入境边防检查条例》的规定，协助他人非法出境、入境，情节轻微尚不构成犯罪的，处以（）A．1000元以上5000元以下罚款B．2000元以上5000元以下罚款C．2000元以上10000元以下罚款D．3000元以上10000元以下罚款7．未满16周岁的公民在常住地市、县范围以外的城市暂住一定时间的应申领《暂住证》。

这个时间为（）A．2个月以上B．3个月以上C．6个月以上D．1年以上8．在签发普通入境签证时，根据外国人申请来中国的事由，Z字签证签发给（）A．来中国定居的人员B．来中国任职或者就业的人员及其随行家属C．来中国旅游探亲的人员D．经中国过境的人员9．在依法对道路交通安全违法行为进行的处罚中，应由县市公安局、公安分局裁决的是（）A．警告B．罚款C．暂扣或者吊销机动车驾驶证D．行政拘留10．根据《中华人民共和国国家赔偿法》的规定，全部丧失劳动能力的残疾赔偿金为国家上年度职工年平均工资的（）A．5倍B．10倍C．20倍D．30倍二、多项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

2008年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二) 试卷(课程代码0015)本试卷满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure(1 0 points，I point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1.He was specifically asked to write a play that would be ____ to the local community.A.flexibleB.accessibleC.responsibleD.capable2.It is strongly held that new ____ must be introduced to protect the rightof the immigrants.A.statisticsB.constructionsC.measuresD.concessions3.Country life is better than city life ____ it otters fresh al r and noiselessenvironment.A.in thatB.as thatC.as forD.in which4.Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister____ the crisis.A.handlesB.conductsC.observesD.directs5.It took a few seconds for her eyes to ____ to the darkness.A.allocateB.adoptC.applyD.adjust6.To write up his novel，John is looking for an environment free ____ outside distraction.A.onB.withC.fromD.in7. Johnson was ____ unknown before running for the presidency.A.visiblyB.visuallyC.verticallyD.virtually8.The volunteers would rather go by train than ____.A.to driveB.driveC.drivenD.to be driven9.Never before ____ so rapidly developing as it is today.A.has our country beenB.has been our countryC. our country has beenD.our country been has10.Police are ____ the disappearance of two children.A.looking upB.1ooking throughC.looking intoD.1ooking onⅡ.Cloze Test(10 points，1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试外国法制史试题和答案解析课程代码：00263一、单项选择题（本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）1.《乌尔那姆法典》的结构是【】A.序言和正文29条B.序言和正文23条C.总则和正文D.序言、正文和结束语正确答案：A注解：《乌尔那姆法典》是迄今所知历史上第一部成文法典，这部法典比较完整的抄本是20世纪60年代中期发现的。

该法典由序言和正文29条组成，但是部分条文遗失，保留下来的有23条。

有两点需要注意：一个是这是世界历史上第一部成文法典，开启了两河流域楔形文字法发展的法典化时代；一个是它的结构只有序言和正文，还没有结语，立法水平还不高。

2.导致古代印度法律结构体系异常复杂的原因主要是【】A.伊斯兰法的影响B.种姓制度盛行C.宗教众多D.希伯来法的影响正确答案：C注解：印度宗教众多，影响到印度法律的结构、体系异常复杂3.首先将罗马法划分为公法和私法的罗马法学家是【】A.盖尤斯B.毛特思丁C.沙比努士D.乌尔比安正确答案：D注解：乌尔比安把罗马法划分为公法和私法。

公法包括宗教祭祀活动和国家机关组织与活动的规范；私法包括所有权、债权、婚姻家庭与继承等方面的规范。

4.罗马法上的无夫权婚姻最早出现于【】A.共和国初期B.共和国末期C.帝国初期D.帝国末期正确答案：B注解：共和国后半期，产生了“无夫权婚姻”，也称万民法婚姻或自由婚姻。

帝国时期则广泛流行。

无夫权婚姻不再以家族利益为基础，而以男女双方本人利益为依据。

生子、继嗣降为次要地位。

5.罗马法规定因死者生前未立遗嘱，而按法律规定确定继承人顺序的制度是【】A.家督继承B.法定继承C.宗亲继承D.血亲继承正确答案：B注解：罗马法《十二表法》称法定继承为无遗嘱继承。

指死者生前未立遗嘱，而按照法律来确定继承人顺序。

6.公元12世纪罗马法复兴以前，西欧罗马法的主要渊源为【】A.尤列克法典B.阿拉克利罗马法辑要C.撒利克法典D.伊尼法典正确答案：B注解：《阿拉克利罗马法辑要》是日耳曼王国时期具有代表性的罗马法典。