翻译1Lecture One

Lecture 3 翻译的标准翻译标准：目前翻译界普遍接受的，也是作为一般翻译学习者必须努力掌握的标准，简而言之是两条：忠实(Faithfulness) 和流畅(Smoothness)。

外语腔是初学翻译者不知不觉地会在汉语译文中表现出来的一种不当倾向。

翻译时所要表达的内容来自外语原文，原文的词语和结构形式随着内容一起进入到我们的大脑，于是原文的语言形式被带入译文，造成了译文的外语腔。

The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket.【译文】气候变化，他仅稍稍作了一点变通，赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。

翻译标准：忠实和流畅好的译文还必须保持原文的风格包括民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。

即：译者不能破坏或改变原文的风格，不能以译者的风格代替原作的风格。

课堂练习：•She couldn't have come at a better time.•She has been a widow only six months.•I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn.•The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality.•From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as there are different wave lengths.•As a human being, we should demonstrate our intellectual and moral superiority by respecting others for who they are -- instead of rejecting them for who/what they are not.1. 她来得正是时候。

1 他们对业余剧社的介绍给苏菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。

(Amateur Dramatics; signup for)Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it.2 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。

(work full-time)Online education provides those who work full-time with opportunities to receive furthereducation in their spare time.3 刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。

(be supposed to do;scribble down)When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble downevery word out of the professor’s mouth.4 没人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。

(detect)Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile.5 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。

(be easy about)Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.1 他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。

(serve)They don’t serve French fries here. If you want it, you have to go to a KFC or McDonald’s.~ 1 / 9 ~2 他拣起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸烂了。

翻译练习：1.有的地方热衷于搞华而不实的“形象工程”，“政绩工程”，市政建设盲目追求高档次，高标准。

（朱镕基）Some local authorities like to build ostentatious projects in order to make a good impression or show their achievements. In urban development, they indiscriminately pursue things of the highest grade or standard.2.本书精选中国南方26个少数民族的131则脍炙人口的故事。

The book consists of 131 superb stories popular among 26 minority nationalities in the south of China.3.德国相机的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。

The German cameras are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.4.听人家背地里议论，孔乙己原来也读过书，但终于没有进学，又不会营生；于是愈过愈穷，弄到要讨饭了。

From the gossip that I heard, it seemed that Kong Yiji had studied the classics but never passed the official examinations and, not knowing any way to make a living, he had grown steadily poorer until he was almost reduced to beggary.5.女的一叉腰：“我就这么蛮，你怎么着？当初怎么不把眼睛睁大点！怎么啦，后悔啦，又想起先前的小情人了吧……”话音未落，男的一扬手，“呼”的一巴掌甩过去。

Unit oneTranslation one1.对于网络课程，学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习，在回答问题之前他们还可以有时间思考答案。

（not only...but also...)-Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online-Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need.5.他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子，但是她觉得这个要求太过分了。

（give up)-He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after thechildren. She feels, however, that this is too much for her.6.既然我们已经学完这门课程，就应该多做些复习。

（now that)-Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.Translation Twofriend.-写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。

4.Distance learning courses are courses in which the instructor communicates with students using computer technology.-远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。

5.English is not only the most useful language in the world,but it is also one of the easiest languages to learn and to use.-英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的room and shouted at her, “Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?”2.酒吧的老板一直在看那个女孩跳舞，一面却假装没在看。

Lecture One 定语从句[原句]Other government activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitution and laws.[译文]各州都有自己的宪法和法律，承担政府的其他职能。

[原句]Within each state are counties, townships, cities and villages, each of which has its own elective government.[译文]各州下属辖县，镇，市，村，皆有其民选政府。

一．省略法1.One of the features of London is the number of big stores, most of which are to be found inor near the W est End.[译文]伦敦一大特色是大商店多，大多数位于西区及其周边地区。

2.Another feature of London’s shopping life is the chain store, in which prices are low and awide variety of goods are offered.[译文]伦敦购物生活另一特色是连锁店，里面价格低廉，提供各种商品。

3.Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the sensational,which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events.[译文]美国报纸和其他国家一样，既有耸人听闻的小报，报道犯罪，色情和小道消息，也有严肃报刊，聚焦实事新闻，分析国际时事。

高中英语大全：英汉翻译与词汇对应的问题现在，有很多学生学习英语，无论在翻译、写作或遣词造句等方面，经常出现一些不该有的失误。

主要表现在：1. 把词义和用法割裂开来；2. 汉语意思跟英语词汇的字面意思过于对应；3. 没有真正掌握或理解词语的含义。

例如，我们常说“为人民服务”，有的学生则完全按照汉语的思维，翻译为：Serve for the people.殊不知，英语的serve是及物动词，本身就是“为......服务”，应该说：Serve the people.不需要再加介词for。

“他回来时，已经10点了。

”翻译成It was ten o’clock when he returned back.此句多了一个back，因为return这个词语，本身就表示“回来”，不需要再加back。

若说came back则能够。

“太阳从东方升起，从西方落下”。

翻译成The sun rises from the east and sets from the west.实际是说，“太阳升在东方，落在西方。

”准确的翻译是：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. “在东方”和“在西方”，属于方位词，应说in the east 和in the west。

尤其使用from the west大错而特错，因为“在西方下落”，逻辑上根本没有from的含义。

很多中国学生认为，miss跟lose差不多，是“丢掉，丢失”的意思，这实际是一种误解。

miss the bus是“错过了乘车”，不是“丢了公交车”。

“丢了自行车”，我们说lose the bike，不说missthe bike。

lose的含义是，原来有这个东西，后来丢失了，没了。

我们说miss the chance，虽然翻译成“失掉机会”，但实际意思是“错过机会”，这个机会原来并没有。

虽然在不同的语境里，miss的词义有细微差异，但其基本含义是“错过，错失”。