翻译1Lecture One
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Lecture 3 翻译的标准翻译标准:目前翻译界普遍接受的,也是作为一般翻译学习者必须努力掌握的标准,简而言之是两条:忠实(Faithfulness) 和流畅(Smoothness)。
外语腔是初学翻译者不知不觉地会在汉语译文中表现出来的一种不当倾向。
翻译时所要表达的内容来自外语原文,原文的词语和结构形式随着内容一起进入到我们的大脑,于是原文的语言形式被带入译文,造成了译文的外语腔。
The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket.【译文】气候变化,他仅稍稍作了一点变通,赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。
翻译标准:忠实和流畅好的译文还必须保持原文的风格包括民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。
即:译者不能破坏或改变原文的风格,不能以译者的风格代替原作的风格。
课堂练习:•She couldn't have come at a better time.•She has been a widow only six months.•I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn.•The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality.•From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as there are different wave lengths.•As a human being, we should demonstrate our intellectual and moral superiority by respecting others for who they are -- instead of rejecting them for who/what they are not.1. 她来得正是时候。
1 他们对业余剧社的介绍给苏菲留下了深刻的印象,于是她就报了名。
(Amateur Dramatics; signup for)Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it.2 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。
(work full-time)Online education provides those who work full-time with opportunities to receive furthereducation in their spare time.3 刚上大学时,他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。
(be supposed to do;scribble down)When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble downevery word out of the professor’s mouth.4 没人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。
(detect)Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile.5 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈,可有些学生却很难做到这一点。
(be easy about)Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.1 他们这儿不卖薯条,如果你想吃,得去肯德基或麦当劳。
(serve)They don’t serve French fries here. If you want it, you have to go to a KFC or McDonald’s.~ 1 / 9 ~2 他拣起一个核桃,想用锤子把它砸开,可没想到却把它砸烂了。
翻译练习:1.有的地方热衷于搞华而不实的“形象工程”,“政绩工程”,市政建设盲目追求高档次,高标准。
(朱镕基)Some local authorities like to build ostentatious projects in order to make a good impression or show their achievements. In urban development, they indiscriminately pursue things of the highest grade or standard.2.本书精选中国南方26个少数民族的131则脍炙人口的故事。
The book consists of 131 superb stories popular among 26 minority nationalities in the south of China.3.德国相机的主要特点是工艺精湛,经久耐用。
The German cameras are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.4.听人家背地里议论,孔乙己原来也读过书,但终于没有进学,又不会营生;于是愈过愈穷,弄到要讨饭了。
From the gossip that I heard, it seemed that Kong Yiji had studied the classics but never passed the official examinations and, not knowing any way to make a living, he had grown steadily poorer until he was almost reduced to beggary.5.女的一叉腰:“我就这么蛮,你怎么着?当初怎么不把眼睛睁大点!怎么啦,后悔啦,又想起先前的小情人了吧……”话音未落,男的一扬手,“呼”的一巴掌甩过去。