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第二讲含而不露的 隐喻metaphor 优质课件

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语言学考点--隐喻(metapher)课件

语言学考点--隐喻(metapher)课件

隐喻和明喻的真值条件经常是不同的
张三像只大猩猩可能是真的，张三是只大猩猩 则一定是假的。这种论证依赖于真值条件意义 理论，否则就不能成立。

如果说隐喻所用的词儿另有一个〔隐含的〕意 义，那么，隐喻本身就会消失。例如我们说， the spirit of God moved upon the face of the water〔上帝的圣灵临近水面〕，如果这句话 里的face另有一个隐含的或曰扩展的意义，可 以用来述说水的表面，那么，水就有了面，水 面就不再是一个隐喻。牵涉到第二种意义的是 两可〔ambivalence〕，隐喻则并不牵涉第二 种意义，否则我们就要等隐喻死了以后才彻底 掌握这种意义。

The government still hopes to stem the tide of inflation.（隐喻）



(4a) The driver drove the bus too fast down the hill, so the brakes failed. (4b) The driver’s overrapid downhill driving of the bus caused brake failure. (4a)是一致式，(4b)通过语法隐喻把(4a) 的两个小句向下转移为两个名词性词组结构。

英国有个古诗人，John Donne，曾有这样的 句子：our blood labours to beget spirits〔我 们的血液辛勤劳作以孕育精神〕，现代人把这 视作隐喻，但原作者其实是在直陈字面的意思。
名词化

（1a）The brakes failed. (1b) brake failure (1a)为非隐喻形式，其中的the brakes是表示 参与者的名词，failed则是表示物质过程的动 词，但在(1b) 中句子转化成了名词短语。

metaphor暗喻PPT课件

metaphor暗喻PPT课件
此例以“肥料”(manure) 喻革命志士与暴君 之血。
.
11
2）用形象具体的事物, 比喻抽象的 事物或概念
It’s the same with Negro in America. That
shoe ... the white man’s system ... has pinched
and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it has al most destroyed him. 美国黑人的情况也是这样。白人制度这只鞋夹 紧了他的灵魂，使之受磨难, 几乎要把他毁掉 了。 用夹紧黑人的灵魂的一只“鞋子”来比喻美 国的白人制度, 这是典型的以具体事物比喻抽 象事物
.
9
1）以一种形象具体的事物去比喻
另一形象具体的事物。
The speaker, and the school master, and the thir d grown person presents, all backed a little, and
swept with their eyes the inclined plane of
.
12
History is all these things—— waves, tides and currents —— and like the sea, no matter how tranquil the surfa ce, it is never still. A sequence of events is a series of waves, one crest following upon the other; and the trick for statesmen and reporter alike, is to tell which crest is surge of the tide and which a mere accident of the wind. 历史总是这些东西——波 浪, 潮汐和水流——像海洋一样, 无论表面多么平 静, 它从未静止过, 一系列的事件是一层层的波 浪, 一个波峰接着一个波峰, 政治家与记者的技能 一样, 是告诉人们哪一个是潮汐的作用, 哪一个不 过是因风而起。 用海洋中的“波浪, 潮汐和水流” 来比喻历史, 也是用具体事物比喻抽象事物。

含而不露的Metaphor

含而不露的Metaphor

含而不露的Metaphor（隐喻）(上) (英语修辞系列之三)2、含而不露的Metaphor（隐喻）Metaphor（汉译名为“隐喻”或“暗喻”），也是一种比喻，它不用比喻词，直接把甲事物（喻体）当作乙事物（本体）来描述，其比喻关系隐含在句意中，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。

Webster’s New World Dictionary的解释是：“a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another”这个解释的意思是说，隐喻是一种隐含着比喻的修辞格，他通常的基本用法是，表述某一事物的词或短语被用来表述另外的一种事物。

由于比喻是隐含的，决定了它的本体与喻体的关系必然十分紧密。

与simile相比较，不但不需要as, like之类的比喻词，有时甚至可以连本体也不出现。

基于这种情况，有些词典或著作常常对metaphor和simile同时论述，称之为“浓缩的明喻（a compressed or condensed simile）”。

如A Dictionary of Literary Terms对Metaphor的定义就是如此，“Metaphor: A figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. The basic figure in poetry. A comparison is usually implicit; whereas in simile it is explicit.”下面用实例对这两种修辞格做一比较：1a. Life is like an isthmus between two eternities. (simile)生活像永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。

修辞Metaphor ppt课件

修辞Metaphor ppt课件

PPT课件
9
Three purposes Description Illumination Illustration
PPT课件
10
Description
1. The hallway was zebra-striped with darkness and moonlight.
• A description of the alternate bands of light and shade in the hall, like a Zebra’s stripes.
Visible metaphor Invisible metaphor Sustained metaphor Extended metaphor Mixed metaphor
Dead metaphor
PPT课件
6
Visible metaphor
Definition: both the primary term (tenor) and the secondary term (vehicle) are present in the sentence.
• Function: leaves room for the reader’s imagination.
• Eg: The machine sitting at that desk was no longer a man; it was a busy New York broker...(O. Henry)
movement of the
Heard it on the Agean, and
Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow
themselves against the

(完整word版)metaphor(暗喻)

(完整word版)metaphor(暗喻)

含而不露的Metaphor（隐喻）2、含而不露的Metaphor（隐喻）Metaphor（汉译名为“隐喻”或“暗喻”），也是一种比喻，它不用比喻词，直接把甲事物（喻体）当作乙事物（本体）来描述，其比喻关系隐含在句意中，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。

Webster’s New World Dictionary的解释是：“a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase or dinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another”这个解释的意思是说，隐喻是一种隐含着比喻的修辞格，他通常的基本用法是，表述某一事物的词或短语被用来表述另外的一种事物。

由于比喻是隐含的，决定了它的本体与喻体的关系必然十分紧密。

与simile相比较，不但不需要as, like之类的比喻词，有时甚至可以连本体也不出现。

基于这种情况，有些词典或著作常常对metaphor 和simile同时论述，称之为“浓缩的明喻（a compressed or condensed simile）”。

如A Dictionary of Literary Terms对Metaphor的定义就是如此，“Metaphor: A figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. The basic figure in poetry. A comparison is usually implicit; whereas in simile it is explicit.”下面用实例对这两种修辞格做一比较：1a. Life is like an isthmus between two eternities. (simile)生活像永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。

第二讲含而不露的 隐喻metaphor 优质课件

第二讲含而不露的 隐喻metaphor 优质课件

Metaphor 的结构(2)
Habit is a cable, every day we weave thread, and soon we cannot break it. 习惯是缆索, 每天我们都会为它编上一根线,不久我们便挣脱不短 了。
• 2. Frank, a friend of mine, often entertained clients at a local eatery, but he could never remember the name of the hostess, who always treated him wonderfully. One day, exasperated by his horrible recall, she said, “My name is Janet, and I‘m from another planet,” hoping the mnemonic device would help him retain the information.
曹雪芹红楼梦常见英汉隐喻对比1teachafishtoswim教鱼游泳featheronesnest往自己巢里铺羽毛beardthelioninhisden狮穴拔须addinsulttoinjury伤害后加以侮辱castpearlsbeforeswine把珍珠丢在猪面前holdthecandletothedevil给魔鬼举烛火cryupwineandsellvinegar吆喝的是酒卖的是醋fishintheair空中钓鱼常见英汉隐喻对比2lockthestabledoorafterthehorseisstolen马儿被盗锁厩门killtwobirdswithonestone一石二鸟setafoxtokeeponesgeese请狐狸看鹅letsleepingdoglie让睡着的狗儿躺着吧kickagainstthepricks往刺儿上踢腿letthecatoutofthebag让猫爬出布袋holdawolfbytheearstakethebullbythehorns抓住狼的耳朵抓住公牛的牴角aflashinthepan火药池的闪光sitontwochairsstandontwoboatsridetwohorsesatthesametime坐于两椅之间站于两船之上同时骑两匹马参考答案班门弄斧中饱私囊虎口拔牙雪上加霜对牛谈琴助纣为虐挂羊头卖狗肉水中捞月亡羊补牢一箭双雕引狼入室不要打草惊蛇以卵击石螳臂当车露马脚骑虎难下昙花一现脚踏两只船

《Metaphor隐喻》PPT课件

《Metaphor隐喻》PPT课件

• Lack of control is down:
I’m on top of the situation.
He is under my control.
• Happy is up:
• Sad is down.
I’m feeling up today. He is really low these days.
.
13
Up & Down – Orientational metaphor
• Virtue is up:
• Lack of virtue is down:
She’s an upstanding That was a low-down thing
citizen.
to do.
• Rational is up:
tried to sneak into the dining room, hoping not to be noticed by others.
.
4
3 The formula “A is B” -- For a better understanding of metaphor • The nouns, verbs, adj.s, or adv.s are used to indicate the reference (喻体). • - The romance was a plant. • - The economy is a machine. • - She is a container. • - The temperature was a murderer. • - We were sheep.
• China’s pulling its players from the finale is a stinging slap.

含而不露的 隐喻(metaphor)

含而不露的 隐喻(metaphor)
英汉修辞对比研究
第二讲
含而不露的隐喻 Metaphor
• • • • • • • •
Some say love, it is a river That drowns the tender reed. Some say love, it is a razor That leaves your soul to bleed. Some say love, it is a hunger， An endless aching need. I say love, it is a flower And you its only seed.
• • • • • • • • • • • •
有人说爱是淹没柔弱芦苇的河流， 有人说爱是割伤你灵魂的刀枪， 有人说爱是人生永无休止的需求， 我要说爱是鲜花而你是唯一的花种。 爱是害怕破碎的心灵最难拨动， 爱是害怕惊醒的梦幻最难抓机遇， 爱是难能给予的人最难接受， 爱是害怕死亡的灵魂最难长生。 当夜深孤独而且路途漫漫， 你以为爱为幸运儿与强者独占； 请铭记隆冬厚雪之下深埋的花籽， 春日太阳的温爱催成鲜艳的月季。 Bette Midler在“The Rose”诗中套用反复定义法 （systrophe），运用持续隐喻（sustained metaphor）和 延伸隐喻（extended metaphor）对爱反复下定义以加深 人们对爱的理解。
定义（ 定义（definition)（1） （ ）
亦称“暗喻” 也是一种比喻，这种辞格不用比喻词， 亦称“暗喻”。也是一种比喻，这种辞格不用比喻词，而直 接把甲事物（喻体） 作乙事物（本体）来描述， 接把甲事物（喻体）当做 作乙事物（本体）来描述，其比喻 关系隐含在句意中。隐喻的形式是“ 是 ，不是“ 像 。 关系隐含在句意中。隐喻的形式是“A是B”，不是“A像B”。 本体和喻体之间用‘ 连接，语气上更肯定。 本体和喻体之间用‘是’连接，语气上更肯定。这种比喻没 有用‘ 这类词（ 的意思隐晗在句子里）， ），所以叫 有用‘像’这类词（‘像’的意思隐晗在句子里），所以叫 做隐喻。 做隐喻。 其目的是更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现能力。 其目的是更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现能力。 由于它常常把本体直接说成喻体， 由于它常常把本体直接说成喻体，所以其修辞效果比明喻更 加肯定、更加有力，所强调的相似点也更加鲜明和突出。 加肯定、更加有力，所强调的相似点也更加鲜明和突出。

隐喻和转喻的区别PPT课件

隐喻和转喻的区别PPT课件
What’s metaphor and metonymy?
By Xue 2014.12.3
1
Metaphor: a word or phrase used to describe sb/sth else, in a way that is different from its normal use, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful, for example she has a heart of stone隐喻
You Know, The More Powerful You Will Be
结束语
感谢聆听
不足之处请大家批评指导
Please Criticize And Guide The Shortcomings
讲师：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日
转喻：在同一理想化认知模型中，有一个
概念实体为另一个概念实体提供心理通道
的认知过程。Kovescses,2002
2
如果说认知语言学是研究语言特征如何反映 人类的认知方式，那么隐喻就是对两者关系
最明确的诠释 ——Grady,1997
• 隐喻与概念隐喻 • 隐喻普遍存在我们的日
常生活中，语言中有隐 喻，思维和行为中也存 在隐喻。 • 我们在言语交际活动中 使用的是相同的概念系 统，因而也是隐喻性的。 • 这些统称为概念隐喻。
邻近性可以是
1.空间上， •Kovesces, 2.时间上， 2002
3.因果上。
•相同点：转喻同隐喻一样，是人类的一种基本思维方式和认知手段。

Unit1明喻和暗喻Similemetaphor课件高中英语牛津译林版(2020)选修第三册

Unit1明喻和暗喻Similemetaphor课件高中英语牛津译林版(2020)选修第三册

2/2
a comparison of two different things that uses “like” or “as"
A. Sophie likes to watch TV dramas. B. Sophie is as busy as a bee.
Activity Enjoy challenging memories!
They run asty 1 Enjoy challenging memories!
2/6
She swims like a fish.
Activity 1 Enjoy challenging memories!
3/6
They fight like cats and dogs.
1. While enjoying the video, memorize them as quickly as possible. 2. Play a memory challenge game in class.
Activity 1 Enjoy challenging memories!
1/6
Dig out the metaphors.
① The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it. ② Idioms are carriers(n. 载体) of history and culture.
③ Richard enjoyed that book while I hated it. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. ④ In school, Steve was considered as a slow learner. (USA Today Magazine)

语言学教程Metaphor课件

语言学教程Metaphor课件
语言学教程Metaphor
设喻方法
•3.以抽象概念(abstract conception)去比喻另一抽象概念。 It was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, It
was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of doubtfulness, it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.
语言学教程Metaphor
Classification
• 5) Idiomic or proverbial metaphor Idiomatic or proverbial metapich
contain an idiom or proverb. * He was almost at the end of his tether when he stumbled on the solution of his difficulty.
man’s system…has pinched and rubbed squeezed his soul until it has almost destroyed him.
美国黑人的情况也是这样，白人制度这只鞋夹紧了他的灵魂， 使之受磨难，几乎要把他毁掉了。
用夹紧黑人的灵魂的一只鞋子来比喻美国的白人制度，这是典 型的以具体事物比喻抽象事物。
* He was such a marvellous person that whenever he recognized a spark of genius, he'd water it.

metaphor 2

metaphor 2

“a figure of speech in which a name, action, or description is applied to another to suggest a likeness between them”The Winston DictionaryStructure: The signified is the signifier. 本体是喻体。

A is B隐喻是不用功能词(function words) 的。

•Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.•金钱是无底的海洋，荣誉、良心和真理都可以淹没在其中。

•Self-love is a cup without bottom; you might pour all the great lakes into it, and not fill up.•自私是只没底的杯子，即使你把五湖之水倒进去，也难灌满。

•隐喻的结构特征•喻体直陈式•College is a comma of a sentence of life. 大学就是人生长句中的一个逗号。

•The lecture was a Sahara Desert.•喻体半隐式•以动物做喻•From every window heads were craning for a view of it.•每个窗口都有人探出头来看。

=stretch their heads like a crane 以动物做喻•She is a peacock in everything but beauty. —0. Wilde.•He doesn’t have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say.•他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。

修辞学课件：metaphor

修辞学课件：metaphor

• In a metaphor, however, the comparison would appear simply as • (1a) Jim was a fox. • (2a) The world is a stage.
• A metaphor, then, is in a sense a condensed simile, differing from the latter only in form and artistry. It is a higher form, though, and not all metaphors can be recast (to give a new shape to) as similes. It requires greater ability on the part of the reader to perceive the hidden association, the insight into persons, things or ideas that is implied. For whereas in a simile the particular aspect of the point of resemblance between two unlike elements is given, in a metaphor nothing is stated.
• 我们从事这一事业的那种精力，信念和献 身精神将照耀我们的国家和一切为此出力 的人们。这一火焰发出的光芒将真正照亮 这个世界。（把精力，信念和献身精神当 作火光来描写）
4. The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or glows. (H. Fairlie) • 谈话的魅力就在于它没有专门话题作为起 点，当谈话像流水一样缓慢徜徉或急湍直 下，像火焰一样熠熠闪烁，没有人知道它 会向什么方向发展。（把谈话当作流水和 火焰来写）
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第二讲： 隐喻（metaphor)
Questions: 1. What is metaphor? 2. What features dose it have? 3. How to appreciate metaphor in English
and Chinese? 4. Can you find more examples of this figure
thing is applied to another.
----Webster’s New World Dictionary
A figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. The basic figure in poetry. A comparison is usually implicit; whereas in simile it is explicit.
The next time Frank went to the restaurant, he walked up to the
hostess and told his guest, “ I want to introduce you to my friend
Venus.”
Simile and Metaphor
Life is like an isthmus between two eternities. 生活像永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。 Life is an isthmus between two eternities. 生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。 Happiness is like sunshine: it is made up of very little beams. 幸福像阳光，皆由细小的光束构成。 The sunshine of happiness is made of very little beams. 幸福的阳光由非常细小的光束构成。 He is as stubborn as a mule. 他犟得像头骡子。 He is a mule. 他是头犟骡
of speech?
定义（definition)（1）
亦称“暗喻”。也是一种比喻，这种辞格不用比喻词，而直 接把甲事物（喻体）当做 作乙事物（本体）来描述，其比喻 关系隐含在句意中。隐喻的形式是“A是B”，不是“A像B”。 本体和喻体之间用‘是’连接，语气上更肯定。这种比喻没 有用‘像’这类词（‘像’的意思隐晗在句子里），所以叫 做隐喻。
• 2. Frank, a friend of mine, often entertained clients at a local eatery, but he could never remember the name of the hostess, who always treated him wonderfully. One day, exasperated by his horrible recall, she said, “My name is Janet, and I‘m from another planet,” hoping the mnemonic device would help him retain the information.
其目的是更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现能力。
由于它常常把本体直接说成喻体，所以其修辞效果比明喻更 加肯定、更加有力，所强调的相似点也更加鲜明和突出。
定义（definition)(2)
A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one
----A Dictionary of Literary Terms Metaphor, perhaps the most important figure of speech, points out resemblance but with no acknowledging word.
----Britannica Book of English Usage …a compressed or condensed simile.
都了如指掌。） • This country has rosy prospects.（这个国家前途光明。） • A heavy purse makes a light heart.（有钱一身轻。） • There was a stormy debate at the meeting.（会上辩论激烈） • He could not bridle his anger.（他怒不可遏。） • A bright idea suddenly struck him.（他计上心来。） • He needled his way through.(他穿过 人群。） • The train steamed the station.（火车吐着蒸气开进车站。）
“Kill the umpire!”
This went on for an hour.
“Lady,” another fan called out, “ the umpire hasn‘t done anything wrong.”
“He‘s my husband,” she replied, “ Last night he came home with lipstick on his collar. Kill the umpire!”
Examples(1)
• The thought was fire in him.(他的想法是一团烈火。） • Failure is the mother of success.(失败乃成功之母） • He still has a ray of hope.(他仍抱有一线希望） • His mind swept easily over the world.(他对世上各方面的情况
英汉修辞对比研究
第二讲
含而不露的隐喻
Metaபைடு நூலகம்hor
恐怖的汉语
• 1. During a baseball game, a woman kept shouting threats at the umpire.. No matter what happened on the field, she continually yelled,