gerunds高中英语语法

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gerunds and infinitives的区别和用法

gerunds and infinitives的区别和用法摘要：1.概述：介绍gerunds和infinitives的定义及区别2.词性：分析gerunds和infinitives的词性3.用法：详述gerunds和infinitives在句子中的用法4.动词不定式的语法功能：说明动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语等不同成分的用法5.动名词的语法功能：阐述动名词作主语、宾语、表语等不同成分的用法6.动名词和动词不定式的区别：对比两者的差异7.实战举例：给出含有gerunds和infinitives的例句，分析其用法和意义8.总结：回顾gerunds和infinitives的区别和用法，给出学习建议正文：在日常生活中，英语学习中，gerunds和infinitives是两种常见的动词形式，它们在句子中有各自独特的用法。

了解它们的区别和用法，有助于我们更加熟练地运用这两种动词形式，提高英语表达能力。

首先，我们来了解一下gerunds和infinitives的定义及区别。

Gerunds 是动词的-ing形式，如talk → talking，而infinitives是动词的原形，如talk → to talk。

从形式上看，gerunds和infinitives的区别在于动词后是否跟-ing 或to。

接下来，我们分析一下gerunds和infinitives的词性。

Gerunds和infinitives都可以看作是动词的一种形式，但它们的词性有所不同。

Gerunds具有名词性质，可以作为主语、宾语、表语等成分出现在句子中；而infinitives则具有动词性质，可以作为谓语动词使用。

在句子中，gerunds和infinitives的用法也有所不同。

Gerunds可以作为名词使用，例如：1.Talking to him is a waste of time.（和他谈话是浪费时间。

）2.Swimming in the pool is fun.（在游泳池游泳很有趣。

高二英语语法·动名词TheGerund

高一英语语法·动名词( The Gerund)I.II.1. 起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

2. 具有动词的特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。

动名词+宾语或状语构成动名词短语。

III. 动名词的用法1. 作主语1) 置于主语的位置Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.2) 用it作形式主语，将动名词结构置于句末。

这种形式通常用于某些名词和形容词之后。

It is no good pretending to know what you don’t know.It’s no use / useless thinking about it now.It’s a waste of time talking with him.It is worth repairing the car.It is very difficult getting everything ready in time.It will be very nice seeing them again.[注意] important, necessary 等形容词不适用于上述结构。

It is important learning foreign languages. (×)It is important to learn foreign languages. (√)2. 作表语—表示主语的内容The real problem is knowing what to write.Your work is bringing the chairs downstairs.[注意]1) 动名词和不定式作表语和主语时的区别(1) 一般说来可以互换，其意义没有多大差别。

It is dangerous playing (to play) with fire.What she likes is watching (to watch) the children play.但有时意义上有区别：动名词：表示抽象的一般或泛指的动作。

Gerunds

French. 一个人如果英语学得好有助于他学习法语。 What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
使孩子最焦虑的是不允许他到医院探望他的妈妈。
• （2）在口语或非正式英语中，这种结构如果不在句首，常用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，用名词普通格
Get ready for class, please!
侯课内容
读记名师一号51页语法精讲：动名词的用法。
Objectives（学习目标）
1.理解并掌握动名词作主语、宾语、表语、定语的用法。 2.掌握动名词与现在分词、不定式和过去分词作主语、表语、定语时的用法区别。 3.掌握接动名词的动词及动词短语。 4.理解并掌握动名词的复合结构。
worrying 3. It’s no use ________ (worry) about it. You can’t do anything to change it. not apologising 4. I regretted ______________ (not apologise) to the old man for my bad behaviour. 5. My little niece and nephew are always camping excited to set out on a ________ (camp) trip.
（2）现在分词作定语，通常和被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主
谓关系，可变为定语从句，表示该动作的主动或进行； a flying fish(＝a fish that flies)飞鱼。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。

Gerunds 高中英语动名词讲解课件 PPT

We also use -ing after
give up
Boys, you have to give up smoking.
go on / carry on
We must do something. We can’t go on living like this.
Keep / keep on
Don’t keep pushing me.
• He tried to avoid ______ (answer) my question.
• I don’t fancy _______ (go) out this evening. • Finally my mom forced me ______ (stay) inside the house.
V.
n.
Being a teacher is difficult.
Gerund as subjects
(Being a teacher) is difficult.
subjects
I don’t ski every weekend
because skiing is expensive.
More examples:
The phantom loved singing.
V. n.
Verb + -ing (enjoy doing/stop doing)
I enjoy dancing. (not “I enjoy to dance”) Would you mind closing the door? (not “mind to close”) Ian suggested going to the cinema. (not suggested to go)

how to use gerunds如何使用动名词

Please remember to lock the door when
you leave the room. 请你记得离开房间时锁上门。 I remembered locking the door when I left the room. 我记得离开房间时锁门了。
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（动作未发生）
二、作宾语可用来表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
作动词的宾语
I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。
表示经常性的动作：一直很喜欢打篮球
作介词的宾语
Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。
It is a swimming pool. （定语）
本单元主要讲在句中作主语和宾语。
一、作主语时，谓语动词用（单）数。
Smiling shows that you are happy. Ballet training usually starts at an early age. Communicating is more than just speaking.
try to do sth. 努力去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试去做某事
Try your best to make every dream come true. 尽你自己最大努力让每一个梦想成真。 We tried speaking English to the foreigners. 我们试着用英语同外国人谈话。
III. 根据所给中文提示完成英语句子，每空词数不限。
1. I must stop __sm__o_k_i_n_g_ (我必须戒烟了).

什么叫非谓语动词

什么叫非谓语动词以下供你参考 1 在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。

非谓语动词有三种：不定式（the Infinites）、动名词（the Gerunds）和分词（the Participles）。

动词不定式的时态、语态动词不定式的时态、语态动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。

这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下：主动形式被动形式一般式（not）to make （not）to be made完成式（not）to have made （not）to have been made进行式（not）to be making完成进行式（not）to have been making(1)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。

如：It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语）It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。

如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)(2)时态1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

85个英语语法公式

85个英语语法公式English Grammar Formulas:1. Articles: a, an, the2. Nouns: Person, place, thing, or idea3. Pronouns: Replace nouns4. Adjectives: Describe nouns5. Verbs: Action words6. Adverbs: Modify verbs7. Prepositions: Express relationships8. Conjunctions: Connect words or phrases9. Interjections: Express emotions10. Simple Present Tense: Express routines or facts11. Subject-Verb Agreement: Ensure the subject and verb match in number12. Present Progressive Tense: Express ongoing actions14. Past Progressive Tense: Express ongoing actions in the past15. Simple Future Tense: Express actions that will happen in the future16. Future Progressive Tense: Express ongoing actions in the future17. Present Perfect Tense: Express actions that happened in the past but have relevance to the present18. Past Perfect Tense: Express actions that happened before another past action24. Simple Sentences: Contain a subject and a verb28. Direct Speech: Quote someone's exact words29. Indirect Speech: Report someone's words without quoting directly30. Active Voice: The subject performs the action31. Passive Voice: The subject receives the action35. Regular Verbs: Follow regular patterns when changing forms36. Irregular Verbs: Do not follow regular patterns when changing forms37. Gerunds: Verbal nouns ending in -ing38. Infinitives: To + base form of the verb39. Modal Verbs: Express possibility, ability, necessity, etc.41. Particles: Short adverbs used with verbs to add meaning42. Clauses: Groups of words with a subject and a verb43. Relative Clauses: Provide additional information about a noun44. Adjective Clauses: Function as adjectives to describe a noun45. Adverb Clauses: Function as adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs46. Noun Clauses: Function as nouns within sentences47. Countable Nouns: Can be counted48. Uncountable Nouns: Cannot be counted49. Possessive Nouns: Show ownership52. Present Simple Passive: Formed with "be" + past participle53. Past Simple Passive: Formed with "be" + past participle54. Future Simple Passive: Formed with "will be" + past participle55. Present Continuous Passive: Formed with "be" + being + past participle56. Past Continuous Passive: Formed with "be" + being + past participle57. Future Continuous Passive: Formed with "will be" + being + past participle58. Present Perfect Passive: Formed with "have been" + past participle59. Past Perfect Passive: Formed with "had been" + past participle60. Future Perfect Passive: Formed with "will have been" + past participle61. Present Perfect Continuous Passive: Formed with "have been" + being + past participle62. Past Perfect Continuous Passive: Formed with "had been" + being + past participle63. Future Perfect Continuous Passive: Formed with "will have been" + being + past participle64. Separable Verbs: Can be separated into two parts in a sentence65. Inseparable Verbs: Cannot be separated into two parts ina sentence66. Direct Objects: Receive the action of the verb67. Indirect Objects: Receive the direct object68. Reflexive Pronouns: Reflect the action back to the subject69. Intensive Pronouns: Emphasize a noun or pronoun70. Possessive Adjectives: Show ownership before a noun71. Possessive Pronouns: Show ownership without a noun72. Subject Pronouns: Function as the subject of a sentence73. Object Pronouns: Function as an object in a sentence74. Relative Pronouns: Introduce relative clauses75. Adverbial Clauses of Time: Provide information about when an action happened76. Adverbial Clauses of Place: Provide information about where an action happened77. Adverbial Clauses of Manner: Provide information about how an action happened78. Adverbial Clauses of Reason: Provide information about why an action happened79. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose: Provide information about the purpose of an action80. Adverbial Clauses of Result: Provide information about the result of an action83. Verbs Followed by Gerunds: Verbs followed by -ing form84. Verbs Followed by Infinitives: Verbs followed by the infinitive form85. Conditional Sentences Type 1: Express real or possible situations in the present or futureThese are just a few examples of the many grammar formulas in English. Mastering these formulas can help improve your understanding and usage of the English language.。

英语语法的八大特殊句型

英语语法的八大特殊句型The Eight Special English Grammar Structures.English grammar, being a complex and diverse field, encompasses a wide range of structures and patterns. Among these, eight stand out as particularly noteworthy for their uniqueness and importance. These special structures not only enrich the language but also contribute significantly to the clarity and precision of communication.1. The Infinitive as Adjective:Infinitives, typically used as verbs, can also function as adjectives, modifying nouns or pronouns. They express a quality, state, or action associated with the noun. For example, "the decision to quit" uses the infinitive "to quit" as an adjective, modifying the noun "decision".2. The Gerund as Subject:Gerunds, which are verb forms ending in "-ing", can serve as the subject of a sentence. This structure allows for a more dynamic and descriptive sentence. For instance, in the sentence "Reading is my favorite hobby," the gerund "Reading" acts as the subject.3. The Participial Phrase:Participial phrases, consisting of a participle (a verb form ending in "-ing" or "-ed") and its modifiers, often function as adjectives or adverbs. They provide additional information about a noun or verb, adding depth and complexity to sentences. For example, in "The boy sitting next to me is my classmate," the participial phrase"sitting next to me" modifies the noun "boy".4. The Inverted Sentence:Inverted sentences, where the subject and verb are switched from their usual order, are often used for emphasis or to convey a question, exclamation, or command. This structure adds variety and emphasis to written andspoken language. For instance, "Never have I seen such beauty!" uses inversion for emphasis.5. The Conditional Sentence:Conditional sentences express a relationship betweentwo clauses, with the second clause depending on the truthof the first. They are categorized into zero, first, second, and third conditionals, depending on the likelihood of the condition. These structures allow for precise expressionsof possibilities, probabilities, and outcomes.6. The Passive Voice:The passive voice, where the subject receives theaction of the verb instead of performing it, is used to focus on the recipient of the action or to avoid specifying the performer. This structure is useful for describing events or actions where the agent is unimportant or unknown. For example, "The book was written by John" uses thepassive voice, focusing on the book as the recipient of the action.7. The Indirect Speech (Reported Speech):Indirect speech, or reported speech, involves reporting what someone else said or thought in a different tense and sometimes with different word order. This structure is used to convey someone else's words or thoughts without quoting them directly. It adds a level of indirection andobjectivity to the narrative.8. The Appositive Phrase:An appositive phrase is a noun or noun phrase that renames or identifies another noun or noun phrase in the same sentence. It provides additional information or clarification about the noun it accompanies. This structure helps the reader to understand the exact nature or identity of the noun. For instance, in "My brother, a doctor, works at a hospital," the appositive phrase "a doctor" identifies the noun "brother" more specifically.In conclusion, these eight special English grammarstructures are integral to the richness and precision of the language. They allow for more descriptive, varied, and precise communication, enhancing the overall quality of written and spoken English. Understanding and mastering these structures is crucial for anyone wishing to communicate effectively in English.。

高一英语必修4 unit4语言重点归纳

高一英语必修4 unit 4 语言重点归纳1. 词汇•collocation - 词搭配，指在语境中常常一起出现的词汇搭配。

•linguist - 语言学家，专门研究语言的学者。

•pronunciation - 发音，指单词和句子的音标和发音方式。

•vocabulary - 词汇，指某个语言中的所有单词和短语。

2. 语法•gerund - 动名词，指以-ing 结尾的动词形式，可以作主语、宾语、表语等。

•passive voice - 被动语态，表示主语是动作的承受者，而不是执行者。

•reported speech - 间接引语，用于转述他人的话语或思想，通常使用动词的过去式和相应的决定代词或短语。

•verb patterns - 动词搭配，指在句子中使用动词时所遵循的特定模式。

3. 阅读理解•skimming - 浏览，快速阅读文章以获取整体信息。

•scanning - 扫描，快速查找特定信息或关键词。

•inference - 推理，通过对信息的分析和判断得出结论。

•paragraph - 段落，文章中的一节，包含一组相关的句子。

4. 写作技巧•cohesive devices - 衔接词，用于连接句子和段落，使文章更连贯。

•main idea - 主要观点，文章的核心思想。

•supporting details- 支持细节，用于支持主要观点的陈述、例证、论据等。

5. 口语表达•functional language - 功能语言，用于特定场景和交际目的的常用表达。

•intonation - 语调，强调句子的意思和情感。

•speaking strategies - 口语表达策略，如提出观点、陈述事实、做比较、解释原因等。

6. 听力技巧•note-taking - 记笔记，通过记录关键信息来帮助理解和记忆听力内容。

•prediction- 预测，通过观察和分析所听内容的线索来猜测即将出现的信息。

高中英语必备语法总结

高中英语必备语法总结以下为您提供 20 个高中英语必备的语法总结、英语释义、短语、单词、用法及双语例句：---1. 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）- 语法总结：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作。

- 英语释义：The present perfect tense is used to express an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or an action that happened in the past and has an effect on the present.- 短语：have/has done- 单词：finished, completed, achieved- 用法：I have lived in this city for five years. （我在这个城市住了五年了。

）- 双语例句：He has just left. （他刚刚离开。

） She has never been to Beijing. （她从未去过北京。

）2. 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）- 语法总结：表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。

- 英语释义：The past perfect tense indicates an action that was completed before another past action or time.- 短语：had done- 单词：gone, been, seen- 用法：By the time I arrived, they had already left. （我到的时候，他们已经离开了。

）- 双语例句：She had studied English for five years before she moved to the UK. （在她搬到英国之前，她已经学了五年英语。

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Gerunds
Gerund as subject
Collecting information 1. _______________ is very important to business. (搜集信息） Being beaten by my mother 2. ______________________ is a torture to me. (被妈妈揍） arguing with him 3. It is on use _______________. (与他争吵） 4. Tom’s working here is what we have expected. ________________ (Tom在这里工作） John’s being killed ______________(John, kill) by the sharks was a shock to us. John’s having been killed
Practice:
I like reading (read) books of this kind. I like to read (read) that book. I hate to say (say) so, but I must go home now. I hate speaking (speak) before a big audience. ___ to stay They prefer _____(stay) at home today. They prefer walking ______(walk) to cycling ___(cycle).
b) like, dislike, hate, love, prefer, continue etc: after these words, we use gerunds to show that these actions always happen in our daily life, infinitives to show a concrete action or the action only happen once.
e.g. Is there any hope of our team winning the match? I don’t know about the weather being so awful in this area.
n. (无生命的） + V-ing
逻辑主语是复合不定代词 somebody, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everything等，只用普通格。
e.g. She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.
逻辑主语是复数名词，或是由一个以上的名词构成的词组，只用普通格
e.g. Do you know Mary and her mother coming to see us last June?
主动一般式 doing
Practice:
Now we are beginning to see (see) it more clearly. to know (know) the importance of We start English. to snow It began (snow) at midnight. I have begun to play ( play) the piano since 3 o’clock..
c) remember, forget, regret, mean, try etc.
• I must remember to take (take) my notebooks with me. • I regret not accepting ______ (accept) your advice. • I regret to say ____ (say) I haven’t given you enough help. • We must try to get _____(get) everything done. • Let’s try doing ___ (do) the work some other way. • I forgot turning _____ (turn) off the light. • I forgot to turn ______(turn) off the light. • I did’t mean ______(hurt) you. to hurt • If we miss the bus, it means walking ___(walk) home.
被动 being done having been done
完成式
having done
Gerunds used as subjects:
1) Walking 2) Meeting 3) Smoking (walk) is good exercise. (meet) you has been a great pleasure. (smoke) may cause cancer. (send) him to America.
Practice:
swimming ______(swim)is my favorite sports. ( It is always my hobby.) To_____ (swim)this afternoon is what I want to do. swim (happen only once/ this action will happen this after noon.) Smiling _________(smile at) the other people means you want to show your friendship. To smile ________(smile at)Mr. Li is very important, when you meet him tomorrow. I like swimming (swim). I like to swim (swim)this afternoon.
常用动名词作宾语句型： have trouble (in) doing… have difficulty (in) doing… have fun (in) doing… have a hard/good time (in) doing… on the point of doing… do some cooking/cleaning/reading… go fishing/swimming/skating…
singing pop songs 1. My hobby is ______________.(唱流行歌） playing the violin 2. His job is _____________.(弹小提琴）动名词做表语
Different forms
doing being done Having done Having been done sb’s doing Sb.’s being done Sb.’s having done Sb’s having been done
Gerunds used as objects
After the following verbs phrases we can only put gerunds: admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, propose, suggest, spend (in). can’t help, can’t stand/bear, give up, put off.
Do you consider it any good ______ (try) again?
I don’t think it’s much good ______ (talk) to him. It is useless only talking. There is no joking.
Some more important key points for gerunds:
4) It is no use sending
5) It is no good waiting
(wait) here.
常用动名词句型： It is no use doing…
It is no good doing…
It is useless doing… There is no doing… 只说不做是没用的。 It is no use/good only talking.
Hale Waihona Puke 1. He is fond of Playing football ____________.(踢足球） designing the building 2. He finished ________________ yesterday. (设计大楼）动名词作宾语 reading 3. He has a ___________ room. (阅览室） sleeping 4. The boy slept in a _____________bag. (睡袋）动名词做定语
after the following verbs, we can put gerunds and infinitive as well:
A) start&begin
start to do/ doing sth, begin to do/ doing sth can be exchanged, but when the verb is believe, understand, realize etc., or start and begin is in present continuous tense, we use infinitive.