From Mass Higher Education to Universal Access

U3 American BeginningsⅠ1. The question “What is an American?” was first asked by J. Hector ST. John de Crevecoeur. (T)2. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. (T)7. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe. (T)8. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America. (F)Ⅱ1. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? (A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.)3. The following were the main Reformation leaders except. (B. Martin Luther King.)7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except. (C. William Penn.)10.”No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of. (D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.)Ⅲ1. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question “what is an American” in his book (letters from An American Farmer)2. The New World of America was peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first one from (Asia) and the second from (Europe) and (Africa).3. American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arriver. These three civilizations were (The Aztecs),(the Incas)and(the Mayas).4. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of (1492).5. The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage of (John Cabot)Ⅳ3. The Declaration of Independence.The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776, When the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.U4 The Political System in the United StatesⅠ1. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unified nation as it is today. (F)3. The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. (T)4. The main duty of the Congress id to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. (T)6. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. (F)7. The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights. (T)9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party, formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. (T)Ⅱ4. Which of the following statements NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, (A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.)5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? (B. The legislative. )6. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president? (C. The president can make laws.)7. The Bill of Rights consists of (C. 10 amendments added to the Constitutionin 1791)8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? (B. The freedom of searching a person’s home by police. )Ⅲ4. The Constitution set up a federal system with (a strong central government.)5. A federal system is one in which power is shared between (a central authority) and (its constituent parts) with some rights reserved to each.6. The US federal government consists of the following three branches: the executive, (the legislative) and (the judicial).7. The Congress id divided into (the House of Representatives) with 435 members who serve two-year terms, and (the Senate) with 100 lawmakers who serve six-year terms.8. Groups who try to persuade Congressmen to vote for or against a bill are known as (lobbies).9. The Supreme Court is composed of (1) chief justice and (8) associate justices.10. The Supreme Court has the function of determining whether Congressional legislative or executive action violates the Constitution. This power is called (judicial review).12. The two major political parties are (the Democratic party), which is thought to be more liberal, and (the Republican party), which is believed to be more conservative.Ⅳ2. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each.3. The making of the US ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation failed. The Congress decided to hold a constitutional convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. The delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refused to participate) gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up in writing a new constitution and set a federal system with a strong central government. The Constitution provided that an election of the president would be called, federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate and a Supreme Court would be set up. This new Constitution was finally approved by the majority of the citizens in over 9 of the 13 states and was officially put into effect in 1787.5. The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.U5 American EconomyⅠ2. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill. (T)5. Many people believe that the economic freedom of capitalism is crucial to America’s economic success. (T)6. When people buy stocks, the become part owner of the company. (T)8. One reason for America’s affluence is that a lot of people have inherited wealth from their parents. (F)9. Strong domestic demand is one factor contributing to America’s affluence. (T)Ⅱ1. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of (B. Rhode Island)2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in (C. firearms industry)3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in (C. 1863)5. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry? (D. Steelmaking)6. The United States was rated (C. fourth) in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.Ⅲ2. When starting a business or launching new ventures, money was needed. That money was known as (capital).3. One advantage of corporation over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has (limited liability), so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets.4. The best-known stock exchange is (the New York Stock Exchange) located in (the Wall Street) area of New York City.6. The Constitution of The United States bars all kinds of internal (tariffs), so manufacturers do not have to worry about (tariff barriers) when shipping goods from one part of the country to another.Ⅳ5. Service industriesService industries are industries that sell a service rather than make a product. Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. As more and more people are employed in service industries in the US, it is sometimes said that the US has moved into a "post-industrial era”.U8 Education in the United StatesⅠ3. American university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions. (F)4. One of the things that decides whether an applicant can be accepted by a college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. (T)5. According to the author, larger universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive. (F)6. It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. (T)7. Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954. (T)Ⅱ1. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students? (B. Politics and business education)2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by (D. boards of education)3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?(C. Elementary school, secondary school)4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education? (B. Research institutions)5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception? (C. large universities offer scholarships all students)7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that (B. they pass the college entrance examinations)8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. (B. the State University of New York)9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except (A. investment)10. To get a bachelor’s degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except (C. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy)Ⅲ1. About 90% of American students go to (public) schools and 10% attend (private) schools.3. The foal of education in the United States is to achieve universal (literacy) and provide individuals with knowledge and skill necessary to promote the welfare for individuals and the general public.4. Every state in America has its own laws about (education) and all states require young people to go to school. Thus, every child in America is guaranteed up to (13) years of education.5. Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income: (student tuition) endowments and (government funding).6. After earning a certain number of credits (about 120) in four years of college, the undergraduate student gets a (bachelor＇s) degree. The other two higher degrees are master＇s degree and (doctor＇s degree)Ⅳ2. Boards of educationBoards of education refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the overall measurement of student progress.U10 Social Problems in the United StatesⅠ2. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States now is the blacks, or Afro-Americans, who account for 11.7% of the population. (F)4. The problem of poverty does not exist in the United States because the overall distribution of wealth and income is equal. (F)5. Drug abuse in the United States has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation. (T)8. Corruption in the United States takes the form of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, and tax evasion. (T)9. Statistics usually overlook white-collar crimes because they are affected by police reporting practices and that many crimes are unreported. (T)Ⅱ3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? (A. The aggressive nature of these groups)4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?(D. Robbery)6. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse? (C. Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment)7. If white-collar crimes were Included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPT (D. living near city centers)Ⅲ3. Former President (Nixon) said that crime is America's "number one enemy.”4. American slavery was finally abolished by (the Civil War), Lincoln's emancipation of slaves in 1863 and (the 13th Amendment to the Constitution) in 1865.6. Drug abuse in the US is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs, or (dysfunctions).8. To further their interests, large corporations in the US usually have professional (lobbyists) in Washington D.C.to influence public officials behind the scenes.9. According to the text, those arrested for crimes in the United States are very likely to be male, young, a member of a (racial minority) and a (city resident).IV1. The black "underclass”The majority of the blacks today have failed to share in the general gains of progress made in the past decades. The urban ghettos now contain a permanently impoverished "underclass” of habitually unemployed or underemployed black people. Many of them are young and unskilled. They live in cities where the unemployment rate for teenage black workers runs as high as 50%or about 8 times the rate for the American work force as a whole. This "underclass" could continue to persist, even in the absence of racial discrimination, in much the same way as other pockets of poverty persist-that is, for reasons of social-class inequality. Living in an environment of poverty, decay, crime, drug addiction, joblessness, and hopelessness, this ghetto underclass offers an explosive potential for the future.5. White-collar crimesWhite-collar crimes are those committed by higher income groups such as the crimes of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, industrial pollution, tax evasion and so on. Yet the statistics provided by the FBI tend to overlook white-collar crimes. In fact, white-collar crimes are often ignored by law enforcement agencies. Some sociologists argue that the higher classes may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower classes.U17 The Country and its PeopleⅠ1.Canada is the largest country in North American continent. (T)2. Canada is rated regularly as having the highest standard of living in the because it has rich natural resources. (F)2.The majority of the Canadian population live in an area not far away fromthe Canadian-US border. (T)4. French is an official language in Quebec and maritime provinces. (F)6. Toronto is the biggest city and the capital of Canada. (F)II1. Which of the following statements about Canada true? (C. Contrast to its physical size, Canada has a small population)7. Who first came and settled Canada? (B. French colonists)III1. Canada consists of (10) provinces and (3) territories. But mostCanadians live in the south of the country, along the 49th parallel.3. Canada's motto is that the country stretches “from sea to sea", with the (Pacific) Ocean on the west coast and the (Atlantic) on Ocean on the east coast.4. Canada and the United States have good relations, and they share the longest (undefended national border) in the world.7. The capital of Canada is (Ottawa) and the second largest city is (Montreal).IV1. The Canadian identityIt is sometimes very hard to define what true Canadian identity is. But in general, it refers to something which is distinctively Canadian, which is different from other countries, and which is the very reason for making Canada so special. For example, two official languages of English and French can be considered as part of the Canadian identity.U19 The Canadian MosaicⅠ1. Officially, Canada refers to itself as a multicultural society within a bilingual framework. (T)Ⅱ1. What is the other official language besides English in Canada? (C. French)2. In the late 19th century, Chinese labourers came to Canada to (B. build the railroad)5. In Vancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speak (D. Cantonese)Ⅲ1. Many people use the notion that American society is a (melting pot) while Canada is described as a (mosaic)2. Multiculturalism has caused something of a problem in that Canadians often feel they lack a (“notional identity”)Ⅳ1. The Canadian MosaicWhen Canada is described as a mosaic, it means that the immigrant groups do not have to throw off their old customs, languages and traditions. There is no particular concept of an overarching Canadian identity. This resembles a mosaic of different cultures which overlap but do not overwhelm each other.。

中国教育概况1949年，中华人民共和国成立以来，中国政府一向十分重视发展教育事业。

国家制定了多种法律，从不同角度保障人人受教育的权利，其中特别强调少数民族、儿童、妇女和残疾人接受教育的权利。

经过50年的努力，中国的教育取得了长足的进步。

Since 1949 when the People’s Republic was founded, the Chinese government has always attached great importance to education. The country has made a series of laws and regulations to promote the right to education of its population, especially the education right of ethnic groups, children, women and the disabled. Through uninterrupted efforts in the past five decades, China has made significant progress in education.九年义务教育正在有计划、分阶段地实施，全国已有91％人口的地区普及了小学教育；高等教育、职业技术教育、形式多样的成人教育和民族教育也得到很大发展；初步形成了多种层次、多种形式、学科门类基本齐全的体系。

国际教育交流和合作也得到广泛开展。

Now a nine-year compulsory education is being made universal in stages in a planned way. And 91% of China’s population have access to primary education. Higher education, vocational and technical education, diversified adult education and education of ethnic minorities have also developed rapidly. All these have contributed to an education system that offers a complete range of subjects at various levels through diverse formats and media and promoted international exchanges and cooperation in education.中国实行以政府办学为主体、社会各界共同办学的体制。

英语作文,上大学途径大众媒介,社会服务全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: The Role of Mass Media in College Admission and Social ServicesIntroductionIn today's digital age, mass media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion, influencing decision-making, and providing valuable information to the masses. One area where mass media has greatly impacted is in the realm of college admissions and social services. This essay delves into the importance of mass media in helping individuals navigate the college admission process and providing information about various social services available to the public.Mass Media and College AdmissionThe college admission process can be overwhelming for many students and their families. With the plethora of options available, choosing the right college can be a daunting task. Mass media, through various platforms such as television, radio, newspapers, and the internet, plays a crucial role indisseminating information about different colleges, their programs, admission requirements, and deadlines.For instance, college fairs organized by mass media outlets provide a platform for colleges to showcase their offerings to potential students. These fairs allow students to interact with college representatives, learn about different programs, and make informed decisions about their future. Additionally, college ranking lists published by media outlets help students gauge the reputation and quality of different colleges, aiding them in making informed decisions about where to apply.Furthermore, mass media also provides information about scholarships, financial aid options, and tips for writing college essays and preparing for standardized tests. This information is invaluable for students from low-income backgrounds who may not have access to college counselors or resources.Overall, mass media serves as a valuable resource for individuals navigating the college admission process, providing them with the information they need to make informed decisions about their academic future.Mass Media and Social ServicesIn addition to aiding individuals in the college admission process, mass media also plays an important role in raising awareness about various social services available to the public. From mental health resources to homeless shelters, food banks, and job training programs, mass media serves as a platform for disseminating information about these services and connecting individuals in need with the help they require.For instance, public service announcements aired on television and radio provide information about important social services such as hotlines for individuals in crisis, health clinics offering free services, and community events aimed at promoting social welfare. These announcements not only raise awareness about the services available but also encourage individuals to seek help when needed.Moreover, mass media also plays a crucial role in advocating for social justice issues and promoting initiatives aimed at addressing societal problems such as poverty, inequality, and discrimination. Through investigative journalism, documentaries, and opinion pieces, mass media sheds light on these issues, spurring public discourse and prompting action from policymakers and the public.Overall, mass media serves as a powerful tool for raising awareness about social services, connecting individuals in need with vital resources, and advocating for positive social change.ConclusionIn conclusion, mass media plays a critical role in helping individuals navigate the college admission process and accessing important social services. By providing information about colleges, scholarships, and financial aid options, mass media empowers students to make informed decisions about their academic future. Similarly, by raising awareness about social services and advocating for social justice issues, mass media contributes to the well-being of society as a whole. As we move forward in an increasingly interconnected world, mass media will continue to play a pivotal role in shaping public opinion, disseminating information, and promoting social welfare.篇2The Role of Mass Media and Social Service in Accessing College EducationIntroductionIn today's digital age, mass media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion, spreading information, and influencingdecision-making. When it comes to accessing college education, mass media acts as a bridge between students and universities, providing valuable resources and insights to help students make informed choices. Additionally, social service initiatives help underprivileged students overcome barriers to higher education, ensuring equal access to opportunities. In this essay, we will explore the impact of mass media and social service in facilitating access to college education.Mass Media: A Gateway to Higher EducationMass media, including newspapers, television, radio, and the internet, serves as a powerful tool in disseminating information about colleges and universities. Through comprehensive university rankings, program guides, and admission requirements, mass media helps students navigate the complex landscape of higher education. For example, annual college rankings published by reputable publications such as U.S. News & World Report provide insights into the best colleges and universities based on factors like academic reputation, faculty resources, and graduation rates. Such rankings help students identify the most suitable institutions based on their academic goals and preferences.In addition to rankings, mass media also showcases success stories of students from diverse backgrounds who have overcome obstacles to attend college. By sharing these inspiring narratives, mass media motivates and encourages other students to pursue their dreams of higher education. Furthermore, college fairs, virtual tours, and webinars hosted by media outlets offer students the opportunity to interact with representatives from various colleges, ask questions, and gather information to make informed decisions about their academic futures.Social Service Initiatives: Bridging the Opportunity GapDespite the wealth of information available through mass media, many students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, face barriers to accessing higher education. In such cases, social service initiatives play a crucial role in providing financial assistance, mentorship, and educational resources to help students overcome these challenges. Organizations like the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation and College Possible offer scholarships, academic support, and college guidance tolow-income and first-generation students, empowering them to pursue higher education and achieve their full potential.Furthermore, community-based programs, such as college prep workshops, career counseling sessions, and collegeapplication clinics, provide valuable support to students who may lack access to adequate resources or guidance. By partnering with schools, libraries, and nonprofit organizations, these social service initiatives create a network of support for students, equipping them with the tools and resources needed to navigate the college admissions process successfully. Moreover, initiatives like the Common Application fee waiver program and college fee assistance programs help alleviate the financial burden of applying to college for students with limited resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, mass media and social service initiatives play a critical role in facilitating access to college education for students from all backgrounds. By providing information, resources, and support, mass media helps students make informed decisions about their academic future, while social service initiatives empower underprivileged students to overcome barriers and pursue their dreams of higher education. Through collaboration and innovation, we can create a more inclusive and equitable system of higher education that ensures opportunities for all students, regardless of their socioeconomic status or background. By harnessing the power of mass media and socialservice, we can make college education more accessible and attainable for all.篇3The Path to College through Mass Media and Social ServiceIn today's digital age, the influence of mass media on society is undeniable. From television and newspapers to social media platforms, mass media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion and spreading information. One area where mass media can have a significant impact is in helping students navigate the path to college.With the increasing competition for college admissions, students are often overwhelmed by the myriad of choices and requirements they face. Mass media can play a key role in providing information and guidance to help students make informed decisions about their future. For example, television programs can feature college admissions experts who provide tips and advice on the application process. Newspapers and magazines can publish articles on different colleges and universities, highlighting their strengths and specialties. Social media platforms can also connect students with college counselors and advisors who can offer personalized guidance.In addition to providing information, mass media can also promote social service opportunities that can enhance a student's college application. Many colleges and universities value community service experience and look for students who have demonstrated a commitment to serving others. Mass media can highlight volunteer opportunities in the community, such as tutoring programs, food drives, and environmental clean-up efforts. By participating in these activities, students not only make a positive impact on their community but also enhance their college application.Furthermore, mass media can raise awareness about scholarship opportunities for students who may not have the financial means to attend college. By featuring stories of students who have overcome financial obstacles to pursue their education, mass media can inspire and motivate others to seek out scholarships and financial aid options. Additionally, mass media can provide information on how to apply for scholarships and offer tips on writing strong scholarship essays.Overall, the influence of mass media on society can be a powerful tool in helping students navigate the complex path to college. By providing information, promoting social service opportunities, and raising awareness about scholarship options,mass media can empower students to make informed decisions about their future and ultimately achieve their higher education goals. Through collaboration with educational institutions and community organizations, mass media can continue to play a key role in supporting students on their journey to college.。

认知发展理论英语作文Cognitive Development Theory: Understanding and Application。

Cognitive development is a fascinating field of study that explores how individuals acquire knowledge, perceive the world, and develop problem-solving skills throughout their lives. In this essay, we will delve into the cognitive development theories proposed by renowned psychologists and examine their implications in various aspects of life.One of the most influential figures in the realm of cognitive development is Jean Piaget, whose theory of cognitive development provides valuable insights into how children construct their understanding of the world. According to Piaget, children progress through four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages. Each stage is characterized by distinct cognitive abilities andways of understanding the world.During the sensorimotor stage, which spans from birth to around two years of age, infants explore the world through their senses and actions. They develop object permanence, the understanding that objects continue toexist even when they are out of sight. This stage lays the foundation for later cognitive development by establishing basic cognitive schemas and motor skills.The preoperational stage, occurring roughly between the ages of two and seven, is marked by the emergence of symbolic thinking and language development. However, children at this stage still lack the ability to perform operations, such as mental reversibility and conservation. Their thinking is characterized by egocentrism, where they struggle to take the perspective of others.As children enter the concrete operational stage, typically between the ages of seven and eleven, they become capable of logical reasoning, conservation of mass, volume, and number, and understanding of cause and effectrelationships. Their thinking becomes less egocentric as they begin to consider multiple perspectives.Finally, during the formal operational stage, which typically begins around age eleven and continues into adulthood, individuals develop the capacity for abstractand hypothetical thinking. They can engage in deductive reasoning and think about possibilities and potential outcomes.Piaget's theory has profound implications for education, as it highlights the importance of providingdevelopmentally appropriate learning experiences. Teachers can scaffold learning by building upon students' existing cognitive schemas and gradually introducing more complex concepts as they progress through the stages of cognitive development.Another prominent figure in cognitive developmenttheory is Lev Vygotsky, who proposed the sociocultural theory of cognitive development. According to Vygotsky, cognitive development is influenced by social interactionsand cultural factors. He emphasized the role of language and social interaction in shaping cognitive processes.Vygotsky introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), which refers to the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with the assistance of a more knowledgeable other. Teachers and peers play a crucial role in scaffolding learning within the ZPD, providing support and guidance to help learners reach their full potential.Vygotsky's theory underscores the importance of collaborative learning environments where students can engage in meaningful interactions with their peers and receive guidance from knowledgeable adults. This approach promotes higher-order thinking skills and fosters social and cognitive development simultaneously.In addition to Piaget and Vygotsky, other theorists have contributed valuable insights to the field ofcognitive development. For example, Lawrence Kohlberg proposed a theory of moral development, suggesting thatindividuals progress through stages of moral reasoning, from a focus on self-interest to consideration of universal ethical principles.Furthermore, Carol Dweck's work on mindset theory has shed light on the role of beliefs about intelligence in shaping learning and achievement. According to Dweck, individuals with a growth mindset believe that intelligence and abilities can be developed through effort and perseverance, leading to greater resilience and motivation in the face of challenges.In conclusion, cognitive development theory provides a framework for understanding how individuals acquire knowledge, perceive the world, and develop problem-solving skills. By examining the theories proposed by Piaget, Vygotsky, and other prominent psychologists, we gain valuable insights into the complex interplay between biological, cognitive, and social factors in shaping human development. These insights have profound implications for education, parenting, and other domains of life, highlighting the importance of providing supportiveenvironments that nurture cognitive growth and promote lifelong learning.。

四级翻译热点话题词汇短语一.社会生活1. housing problem住房问题● The government is trying to solve the housing problem.政府正在努力解决住房问题。

2. urban expansion城市扩张● Urban expansion leads to the loss of the farmland.城市扩张导致耕地流失。

3. population aging 人口老龄化● Population aging brings about many social problems.人口老龄化带来许多社会问题。

4. TV talent show电视选秀节目● The TV talent show has been very popular in China.电视选秀节目在中国很受欢迎。

5. copycat products山寨产品● Copycat products tend to have quality problems.山寨产品往往有质量问题。

6. food safety食品安全● Food safet y issues should be given enough attention.食品安全问题应得到足够的重视。

7. left-behind children留守儿童● “Left-behind children” has aroused great public concern.留守儿童引起了公众的极大关注。

8. ant tribe蚁族● The life condition of the ant tribe is disastrous.蚁族的生活状况极其恶劣。

9. plastic surgery整形手术● Nowadays, many ordinary people choose to have plastic surgery.如今，许多普通人选择做整形手术。

1. 中国文化概述major cultural heritage 重要文化遗产outstanding folk arts 优秀民间艺术gifted scholars and beautiful ladies 才子佳人national treasure 国宝to be extensive and profound 博大精深the Chinese nation 中华民族traditional virtues 传统美德cradle of civilization 文明摇篮national identity and value民族认同和价值观cultural relics 文物cultural deposit 文化底蕴cultural undertaking 文化事业2. 中国传统文化Chinese character 汉字calligraphy 书法Confucius 孔子Mencius 孟子the Four Treasures of the Study 文房四宝traditional Chinese medicine 中医药herbal medicine 中草药embroidery 刺绣porcelain; china 瓷器pottery; earthenware 陶器memorial archway 牌坊the Imperial Palace 故宫the Silk Road 丝绸之路Terracotta Warriors and Horses 兵马俑crosstalk 相声speaking, imitating, teasing and singing说学逗唱3. 中国传统节日the Lantern Festival 元宵节the Tomb-sweeping Day 清明节the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节the Double-ninth Day 重阳节the Double-seventh Day 七夕节annual reunion dinner 年夜饭to pay a new year call 拜年to hand out red envelopes 发红包new year’s gift-money 压岁钱spring couplets 春联temple fair 庙会folk artists 民间艺人new year picture 年画ancestor worship 祭祖4. 食物及烹饪方法Chinese cuisine 中国菜，中餐cooking technique 烹饪技巧to fry 煎to stir-fry 炒to deep-fry 炸to stew 烩/焖/炖to steam 蒸to boil 煮to bake 烘焙，烤to roast 烤，烘焙to cut to strips 切条to dice 切丁to mince 切碎to grind 磨碎dietary habit 饮食习惯deep-fried sough sticks 油条soybean milk 豆浆steamed bun 馒头steamed stuffed bun 包子100-year egg; century egg 皮蛋5. 中国历史four ancient civilizations 四大文明古国the history of human civilization 人类文明史ancient capital 古都ancient times 远古时代primitive society 原始社会the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时期the Warring States 战国feudal society 封建社会birthplace 发祥地original site 原址historic figure 历史人物to be diligent and love people 勤政爱民to give up the throne 退位solar calendar 阳历lunar calendar 阴历heavenly stem 天干earthly branch 地支leap year 闰年6. 商业经济entrepreneur 企业家monopoly industry 垄断行业economic globalization 经济全球化special economic zone 经济特区planned economy 计划经济market economy 市场经济market diversification 市场多元化financial institution 金融组织raw material 原材料annual output 年产量mental work 脑力劳动labor/physical work 体力劳动state-owned enterprises 国有企业private enterprises 民营企业，私营企业the real economy 实体经济customs duty 关税，进口税7. 旅游交通tourist attraction; scenic spot 景点places of interests 名胜古迹natural scenery 自然景观human landscape 人文景观magnificent scenery 壮丽河山tourists from home and abroad 中外游客star-rated hotel 星级酒店rush hour 高峰期to climb mountains and hills 翻山越岭validity of visa 签证有效期individual visitor 散客group visitor 团体游客8. 地理环境provincial capital 省会freshwater lake 淡水湖coastal port 沿海港口environment-friendly product 环保产品disposable product 一次性产品renewable resources 可再生资源sustainable development 可持续发展the ecological environment 生态环境the extinction of bio-species 物种灭绝carbon emission reduction 碳减排green car 新能源汽车exhaust gas 废气，尾气9. 教育universal education 普及教育higher education 高等教育ivory tower 象牙塔nine-year compulsory education 9年义务教育dropout 失学儿童illiteracy; illiterate 文盲to attend graduate school 读研bachelor’s degree学士学位master’s degree硕士学位doctor’s degree博士学位extracurricular activity 课外活动required/compulsory course 必修课elective/optional course 选修课basic course 基础课specialized course 专业课credit system 学分制10. 科技与社会生活space laboratory 空间实验室shuttle 航天飞机virtual world 虚拟世界consumption concept 消费理念mass media 大众媒体audience rating 收视率family planning 计划生育Community Association 居委会ethnic minority 少数民族aging society 老龄化社会urbanization 城镇化well-off society 小康社会socialism with Chinese characteristics中国特色社会主义material civilization 物质文明spiritual civilization 精神文明social security 社会保障disadvantaged group 弱势群体to care for senior citizens 关爱老年人health management 健康管理infrastructure construction 基础设施建设to bridge/narrow the gap 缩短差距to report the loss 挂失to re-apply/re-register 补办household registration 户籍。

论法学素质教育实现的途径和方法摘要中国的法学教育由英才教育转向大众教育转变的过程中，尤其是中国实行的职业资格考试，使中国的法学教育在教学模式和教育方式上存在的问题更加突出。

中国的法学教育在教育方式上应以培养素质教育为主，以解决中国经济实践问题为根本目的。

做到以人为本的社会本位，实现法学专业教育和司法考试的对立统一，推进中国高等法学教育的改革。

按照国际惯例，培养具有国际可比性的法学人才。

关键词：素质教育实现途径和方法Study on the Measures and Way of ChinaLaws Capability EducationCao peizhong, Zhou yanbo Hui feng(School of Literature and Laws, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian，271000，China )Abstract:During the transferring of China laws education from elite education to capability education, especially the examination of professional qualification, China laws education? s issues on the ways of education and the education styles are very serious. China laws education shall focus on the capability education mainly and take the aim of the resolving the practical question in China economy. It is dong under the opinion of the society value on the person and combination of the qualification and the laws education and the reformation of the China higher education. Under the international customary, the natural sources shall be educated on the basis of international comparison.Key words: capability education achievement measure and way一、问题的提出随着美国学者马丁.特罗的高等教育理论的诞生，③西方的一系列高教理论工作者，先后出了^等教育的三种教育模式:英才高等教育(^Hte higher education)大众高等教育(mass higher education)和普及高等教育(universal higher education)。

流行音乐的英语作文在日常学习、工作或生活中，大家都经常看到作文的身影吧，作文要求篇章结构完整，一定要避免无结尾作文的出现。

如何写一篇有思想、有文采的作文呢？下面是店铺整理的流行音乐的英语作文，欢迎大家分享。

流行音乐的英语作文篇1Pop music is held I contempt by many people. In these peoples eyes pop music is always in sharp contrast to lofty music. The latter refers to symphonies and operas of the European countries. They show great concern for the fact that many people prefer pop music to symhonies, because for them pop music should be excluded from the holy palace of music.Conversely, many people have an ordor for pop music. They argue that people who want us to listen to symhonies are advocating a kind of elite culture. This notion is unacceptable to pop music fans, for they dont believe that symphonies are loftier than pop music. The difference only lies in the interests of different people. It is unfair to speak of pop music with contempt while speaking of symphonies with awe.In conclusion, my idea is that just as there is no distinction between high culture and low culture, so it is inappropriate to say pop music belongs to the lower people whereas symphonies in a higher, loftier form of music. After all, there are many badly-composed symphonies. And we cant expect every piece of pop music to be excellent. Pop music reflects the thoughts and interests of a certain age group of a generation. It is the product of a certain age, but it also has something universal, something that belongs to all human beings, that underlies its great success among people. In this sense it is rather foolish for some peopleofmedia to show great concern simply because many people prefer pop music. Anyway pop music has become an indispensable part of the human family.流行音乐的英语作文篇2Along with the economic growth, private cars have penetrated into a wealth of citizens lives because of its convenience features. Undoubtedly, the widespread use of cars promotes the social productivity and enhances the economic development. But we are supposed to weigh strengths and weaknesses of the popularity of cars. With the growing prevalence of vehicles, a host of problems have emerged.To begin with, car emissions are having an immeasurable effect on the worlds climate. Solid scientific evidence can confirm this harm. Secondly, because the car depends so heavily on fossil fuels, it is a major source of carbon dioxide that causes global warming. Additionally, soaring ownership of cars puts tremendous pressure on the limited capacity of current transport system. There is a heavy urban traffic flow with frequent traffic jam. These harmful side effects of autos burden our society with unacceptable costs to human health, the environment, and our economy.So we must reverse this rising trend and promote the mass transportation. Our heavy reliance on private cars must be reduced.流行音乐的英语作文篇3The pop music took in the multitudinous music form one kind, holds the more and more important status in the people music education and the music life. The Chinese inland pop music development up to now had 60 year about the history, along with HNTV"the super female voice", CCTV "vainly hopedfor China" and so on large quantities of common people make the star movement the unprecedented success, populace made star the time already to approach, has raised a wave common people entertainment upsurge in the national 100.01 million audiences, the pop music tidal current also will be a cyclical mystical samsara. But in this process certainly is not all popular sounds Ledu has the esthetic value, in the pop music exists not the good question will reduce peoples esthetic standard, the hindrance pop music health development, for people abnormal esthetic guidance.Is this article for the purpose of in view of this question, how the research discussing causes the pop music to manifest its esthetic value, as well as how guides the young people correctly to distinguish the pop music, attracts its essence, influences the sentiment, thus achieved the esthetic guidance the goal.流行音乐的英语作文篇4we all like pop music but what is it? the definition of pop music is flexible. music that is considered to be pop is constantly changing.我们都喜欢流行音乐，但什么才是流行音乐呢?流行音乐的.定义非常灵活。