新概念二和中考衔接试卷
- 格式:doc
- 大小:44.00 KB
- 文档页数:4
2019-2020年中考数学复习第二部分题型研究题型四新定义与阅读理解题类型二新概念学习型针对演练针对演练1. 若x 1,x 2是关于x 的方程x 2+bx +c =0的两个实数根,且|x 1|+|x 2|=2|k |(k 是整数),则称方程x 2+bx +c =0为“偶系二次方程”.如方程x 2-6x -27=0,x 2-2x -8=0,x 2+3x -274=0,x 2+6x -27=0, x 2+4x +4=0都是“偶系二次方程”.(1)判断方程x 2+x -12=0是否是“偶系二次方程”,并说明理由;(2)对于任意一个整数b ,是否存在实数c ,使得关于x 的方程x 2+bx +c =0是“偶系二次方程”,并说明理由.2. 设二次函数y 1,y 2的图象的顶点分别为(a ,b )、(c ,d ),当a =-c ,b =2d ,且开口方向相同时,则称y 1是y 2的“反倍顶二次函数”.(1)请写出二次函数y =x 2+x +1的一个“反倍顶二次函数”;(2)已知关于x 的二次函数y 1=x 2+nx 和二次函数y 2=nx 2+x ;函数y 1+y 2恰是y 1-y 2的“反倍顶二次函数”,求n .3. 函数y =k x 和y =-k x (k ≠0)的图象关于y 轴对称,我们定义函数y =k x 和y =-k x(k ≠0)相互为“影像”函数:(1)请写出函数y =2x -3的“影像”函数:________;(2)函数________的“影像”函数是y =x 2-3x -5;(3)若一条直线与一对“影像”函数y =2x (x >0)和y =-2x(x <0)的图象分别交于点A 、B 、C (点A 、B 在第一象限),如图,如果CB ∶BA =1∶2,点C 在函数y =-2x(x <0)的“影像”函数上的对应点的横坐标是1,求点B 的坐标.第3题图4. 如图,在平面直角坐标系中,已知点P 0的坐标为(1,0),将线段OP 0按逆时针方向旋转45°,再将其长度伸长为OP 0的2倍,得到线段OP 1,又将线段OP 1按逆时针方向旋转45°,长度伸长为OP 1的2倍,得到线段OP 2,如此下去,得到线段OP 3,OP 4…,OP n (为正整数).(1)求点P 3的坐标;(2)我们规定:把点P n (x n ,y n )(n =0,1,2,3…)的横坐标x n 、纵坐标y n 都取绝对值后得到的新坐标(|x n |,|y n |)称为点P n 的“绝对坐标”,根据图中P n 的分布规律,求出点P n的“绝对坐标”.第4题图考向2) 几何类(杭州:2015.19;台州:2016.23,2015、2013.24;绍兴:2017.22,2013.22,2012.21)针对训练1. (2017绍兴)定义:有一组邻边相等,并且它们的夹角是直角的凸四边形叫做等腰直角四边形.(1)如图①,等腰直角四边形ABCD,AB=BC,∠ABC=90°.①若AB=CD=1,AB∥CD,求对角线BD的长;②若AC⊥BD,求证:AD=CD.(2)如图②,在矩形ABCD中,AB=5,BC=9,点P是对角线BD上一点,且BP=2PD,过点P作直线分别交边AD,BC于点E,F,使四边形ABFE是等腰直角四边形.求AE的长.第1题图2. 阅读下面的材料:如果一个三角形和一个平行四边形满足条件:三角形的一边与平行四边形的一边重合,三角形这边所对的顶点在平行四边形这边的对边上,则称这样的平行四边形为三角形的“友好平行四边形”,如图①,▱ABEF即为△ABC的“友好平行四边形”.请解决下列问题:(1)仿照以上叙述,说明什么是一个三角形的“友好矩形”;(2)若△ABC是钝角三角形,则△ABC显然只有一个“友好矩形”,若△ABC是直角三角形,其“友好矩形”有______个;(3)若△ABC是锐角三角形,且AB<AC<BC,如图②,请画出△ABC的所有“友好矩形”,指出其中周长最小的“友好矩形”,并说明理由.第2题图)3. (2017常州)如图①,在四边形ABCD中,如果对角线AC和BD相交并且相等,那么我们把这样的四边形称为等角线四边形.(1)①在“平行四边形、矩形、菱形”中,________一定是等角线四边形(填写图形名称);②若M、N、P、Q分别是等角线四边形ABCD四边AB、BC、CD、DA的中点,当对角线AC、BD还需要满足________时,四边形MNPQ是正方形;(2)如图②,已知△ABC中,∠ABC=90°,AB=4,BC=3,D为平面内一点.①若四边形ABCD 是等角线四边形,且AD =BD ,则四边形ABCD 的面积是________; ②设点E 是以C 为圆心,1为半径的圆上的动点,若四边形ABED 是等角线四边形,写出四边形ABED 面积的最大值,并说明理由.第3题图4. (2017黄石)在现实生活中,我们经常会看到许多“标准”的矩形,如我们的课本封面、A4的打印纸等,其实这些矩形的长与宽之比都为2∶1,我们不妨就把这样的矩形称为“标准矩形”.在“标准矩形”ABCD 中,P 为DC 边上一定点,且CP =BC ,如下图所示.(1)如图①,求证:BA =BP ;(2)如图②,点Q 在DC 上,且DQ =CP ,若G 为BC 边上一动点,当△AGQ 的周长最小时,求CG GB的值;(3)如图③,已知AD =1,在(2)的条件下,连接AG 并延长交DC 的延长线于点F ,连接BF ,T 为BF 的中点,M 、N 分别为线段PF 与AB 上的动点,且始终保持PM =BN ,请证明:△MNT 的面积S 为定值,并求出这个定值.第4题图5. 对于一个四边形给出如下定义:如一组对角相等且有一组邻边相等,则称这个四边形为奇特四边形,如图①中,∠B =∠D ,AB =AD ;如图②中,∠A =∠C ,AB =AD 则这样的四边形均为奇特四边形.(1)在图①中,若AB =AD =4,∠A =60°,∠C =120°,请求出四边形ABCD 的面积; (2)在图②中,若AB =AD =4,∠A =∠C =45°,请直接写出四边形ABCD 面积的最大值; (3)如图③,在正方形ABCD 中,E 为AB 边上一点,F 是AD 延长线上一点,且BE =DF ,连接EF ,取EF 的中点G ,连接CG 并延长交AD 于点H ,若EB +BC =m ,问四边形BCGE 的面积是否为定值?如果是,请求出这个定值(用含m 的代数式表示);如果不是,请说明理由.第5题图6. 类比等腰三角形的定义,我们定义:有一组邻边相等的凸四边形叫做“等邻边四边形”.(1)如图①,在四边形ABCD 中,添加一个条件使得四边形A B CD 是“等邻边四边形”.请写出你添加的一个条件;(2)小红猜想:对角线互相平分的“等邻边四边形”是菱形,她的猜想正确吗?请说明理由;(3)如图②,小红作了一个Rt △ABC ,其中∠ABC =90°,AB =2,BC =1,并将Rt △ABC 沿∠ABC 的平分线BB ′方向平移得到△A′B′C′,连接AA ′,BC ′.小红要使平移后的四边形ABC ′A′是“等邻边四边形”,应平移多少距离(即线段BB ′的长)?第6题图7. (2017江西)我们定义:如图①,在△ABC 中,把AB 绕点A 顺时针旋转α(0°<α<180°)得到AB ′,把AC 绕点A 逆时针旋转β得到AC ′,连接B′C′.当α+β=180°时,我们称△AB′C ′是△ABC 的“旋补三角形”,△AB ′C ′边B′C′上的中线AD 叫做△ABC 的“旋补中线”,点A 叫做“旋补中心”.特例感知 (1)在图②,图③中,△AB′C′是△ABC 的“旋补三角形”,AD 是△ABC 的“旋补中线”. ①如图②,当△ABC 为等边三角形时,AD 与BC 的数量关系为AD =____BC ; ②如图③,当∠BAC =90°,BC =8时,则AD 长为________. 猜想论证(2)在图①中,当△A B C 为任意三角形时,猜想AD 与BC 的数量关系,并给予证明. 拓展应用 (3)如图④,在四边形ABCD 中,∠C =90°,∠D =150°,BC =12,CD =23,DA =6.在四边形内部是否存在点P ,使△PDC 是△PAB 的“旋补三角形”?若存在,给予证明,并求△PAB 的“旋补中线”长;若不存在,说明理由.第7题图 答案1. 解:(1)不是.理由如下:∵解方程x 2+x -12=0,得x 1=-4,x 2=3, ∴|x 1|+|x 2|=4+3=2×|3.5|, ∵3.5不是整数,∴方程x 2+x -12=0不是“偶系二次方程”; (2)存在.理由如下:∵方程x 2-6x -27=0,x 2+6x -27=0是“偶系二次方程”,∴假设c =mb 2+n ,当b =-6,c =-27时,有-27=36m +n , ∵x 2=0是“偶系二次方程”,∴n =0,m =-34,∴c =-34b 2.又∵x 2+3x -274=0也是“偶系二次方程”,当b =3时,c =-274=-34×32,∴可设c =-34b 2,对任意一个整数b ,当c =-34b 2时,b 2-4ac =b 2-4c =4b 2,∴x =-b±2|b|2,∴x 1=-32b ,x 2=12b ,∴|x 1|+|x 2|=32|b |+12|b |=2|b |.∵b 是整数,∴对于任意一个整数b ,存在实数c ,当且仅当c =-34b 2时,关于x 的方程,x 2+bx +c=0是“偶系二次方程”.2. 解:(1)∵y =x 2+x +1,∴y =(x +12)2+34,∴二次函数y =x 2+x +1的顶点坐标为(-12,34),∴二次函数y =x 2+x +1的一个“反倍顶二次函数”的顶点坐标为(12,32),∴反倍顶二次函数的解析式为y =(x -12)2+32=x 2-x +74;(2)y 1+y 2=x 2+nx +nx 2+x =(n +1)x 2+(n +1)x =(n +1)(x 2+x )=(n +1)(x +12)2-n +14, ∴顶点的坐标为(-12,-n +14),y 1-y 2=x 2+nx -nx 2-x =(1-n )x 2+(n -1)x =(1-n )(x 2-x)=(1-n)(x -12)2-1-n4, ∴顶点的坐标为(12,-1-n4),由于函数y 1+y 2恰是y 1-y 2的“反倍顶二次函数”, 则-2×1-n 4=-n +14, 解得n =13.3. 解:(1)y =-2x -3;【解法提示】令-x =x 得y =-2x -3.(2)y =x 2+3x -5;【解法提示】令-x =x 得y =x 2+3x -5.(3) 如解图,作CC ′⊥x 轴,BB ′⊥x 轴,AA ′⊥x 轴垂足分别为C′、B′、A′,第3题解图设点B (m ,2m ),A (n ,2n),其中m >0,n >0, 由题意,将x =-1代入y =-2x中解得y =2,∴点C (-1,2),∴CC ′=2,BB ′= 2m ,AA ′=2n,又∵A′B′=n -m ,B ′C ′=m +1,CC ′∥BB ′∥AA ′,CB ∶AB =1∶2, 则B′C′∶A′B′=1∶2,则⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧n -m =2(m +1)2m -2n =23(2-2n ),消去n 化简得到3m 2-2m -3=0,解得m =1+103或1-103(舍弃),∴2m =21+103=-2+2103,∴点B 坐标为(1+103,-2+2103).4. 解:(1)根据题意,得OP 3=2OP 2=4OP 1=8OP 0=8,根据等腰直角三角形的性质,得P 3(-42,42); (2)由题意知,旋转8次之后回到轴的正半轴,在这8次旋转中,点分别落在坐标象限的角平分线上或x 轴或y 轴上, 但各点“绝对坐标”的横、纵坐标均为非负数, 因此,各点的“绝对坐标”可分三种情况:①当P n 的n =0,4,8,12…,则点在x 轴上,则“绝对坐标”为(2n,0) ,②当P n 的n =2,6,10,14…,则点在y 轴上,则“绝对坐标”为(0,2n) ; ③当P n 的n =1,3,5,7,9…,则点在各象限的角平分线上,则“绝对坐标”为(2n -12,2n -12).考向2 几何类针对演练1. 解:(1)①∵AB =CD =1,AB ∥CD , ∴四边形ABCD 是平行四边形, 又∵AB =BC ,∴▱ABCD 是菱形. 又∵∠ABC =90°,∴四边形ABCD 为正方形, ∴BD =2;②如解图①,连接AC ,BD ,第1题解图①∵AB =BC ,AC ⊥BD , ∴∠ABD =∠CBD , 又∵BD =BD , ∴△ABD ≌△CBD , ∴AD =CD ;(2)若EF 与BC 垂直,则AE ≠EF ,BF ≠EF ,∴四边形ABFE 不是等腰直角四边形,不符合条件; 若EF 与BC 不垂直,①当AE =AB 时,如解图②,此时四边形ABFE 是等腰直角四边形,第1题解图②∴AE =AB =5;②当BF =AB 时,如解图③,此时四边形ABFE 是等腰直角四边形,第1题解图③∴BF =AB =5. ∵DE ∥BF ,∴△PED ∽△PFB ,∴ED FB =PD PB =12, ∴DE =2.5,∴AE =9-2.5=6.5.综上所述,AE 的长为5或6.5. 2. 解:(1)三角形的一边与矩形的一边重合,三角形这边所对的顶点在矩形这边的对边上;(2)2;【解法提示】如解图①的矩形BCAF 、矩形ABED 为Rt △ABC 的两个“友好矩形”;第2题解图(3)此时共有3个“友好矩形”,如解图②的矩形BCDE 、矩形CAFG 及矩形ABHK ,其中的矩形ABHK 的周长最小.理由如下: ∵矩形BCDE 、矩形CAFG 及矩形ABHK 均为△ABC 的“友好矩形”,∴这三个矩形的面积相等,令其为S ,设矩形BCDE ,矩形CAFG 及矩形ABHK 的周长分别为L 1,L 2,L 3,△ABC 的边长BC =a ,CA =b ,AB =c ,则L 1=2S a +2a ,L 2=2S b +2b ,L 3=2S c+2c ,∴L 1-L 2=(2S a +2a )-(2S b +2b )=2S ab (b -a )+2(a -b )=2(a -b)·ab -S ab,而ab >S ,a >b ,∴L 1-L 2>0,即L 1>L 2,同理可得,L 2>L 3,∴L 3最小,即矩形ABHK 的周长最小. 3. 解:(1)①矩形;【解法提示】平行四边形和菱形的对角线不相等,矩形的对角线相等,故矩形一定是等角线四边形.②垂直;【解法提示】∵四边形ABCD 是等角线四边形,∴AC =BD ,∵M 、N 、P 、Q 分别是边AB 、BC 、CD 、DA 的中点,∴MN =PQ =12AC ,PN =MQ =12BD ,∴MN =PQ =PN =MQ ,∴四边形MNPQ 是菱形,根据“有一个角是直角的菱形是正方形”可知需要四边形MNPQ 有一个角是直角,又易知MN ∥PQ ∥AC ,PN ∥QM ∥BD ,∴要使四边形MNPQ 是正方形需要AC ⊥BD .(2)①3+221; ∵AD =BD ,∴D 在AB 的垂直平分线上,∵四边形ABCD 是等角线四边形, ∴AC =BD ,在Rt △ABC 中,∠ABC =90°,AB =4,BC =3, ∴AC =5, ∴BD =5,如解图①,取AB 的中点为M ,则DM ⊥AB ,第3题解图①在Rt △ADM 中,AD =BD =5,AM =BM =2,由勾股定理得DM =21;∴S 四边形ABCD =S △ABD +S △BCD =12AB ·DM +12BC ·BM=12×4×21+12×3×2=3+221; ②四边形ABED 面积最大值为18,理由如下: 如解图②,设AE 与BD 交于点O ,夹角为α,则第3题解图②S 四边形ABED =S △AED +S △ABE =12AE ·ODsin α+12AE ·OBsin α=12AE ·BDsin α,∵AE =BD ,∴S 四边形ABED =12AE 2sin α,∴当AE 最大,且α=90°时,四边形ABED 的面积最大, 此时延长AC 交圆C 于E ,则AE 最大为5+1=6, ∴四边形ABED 的最大面积为12×62=18.4. (1)证明:如解图①所示,第4题解图①∵PC =BC ,∠BCP =90°, ∴BP =2BC ,又∵矩形ABCD 为“标准矩形”,∴AB =2BC , ∴AB =BP ;(2)解:如解图②,作点Q 关于直线BC 对称的点F ,连接AF 交BC 于点E ,连接QE 、GF ,第4题解图②∵DQ =CP ,∴CQ =DP =CF 且AQ 为定值, ∴EQ =EF ,GQ =GF ,∵AQ 为定值,要使△AGQ 的周长最小时, ∴只需AG +GQ =AG +GF 最小,显然AG +GF ≥AF =AE +EF =AE +EQ ,即当点G 与点E 重合时,△AGQ 的周长最小, 此时CG GB =CE EB =CF AB =DPAB,∵DP AB =CD -CP AB =AB -BC AB =1-BC AB =1-22,∴当△AGQ 的周长最小时,CG GB =1-22; (3)证明:如解图③,MN 交AF 于点K ,连接KT ,第4题解图③由(2)可知,CF =DP , ∴PF =AB 且PF∥AB ,∴四边形ABFP 为平行四边形, 又由PM =BN , ∴MF =AN ,∴△MFK ≌△NAK ,∴点K 为AF 与MN 的中点, 又∵点T 为BF 的中点, ∴KT 为△FAB 的中位线, ∴S △FKT =S △TMK =S △TKN ,∴S △MNT =2S △FKT =12S △FAB =14S 平行四边形ABFP =14×2=24,∴△MNT 的面积S 为定值,这个定值为24. 5. 解:(1)如解图①,设AC 与BD 交于点O ;第5题解图①∵AB =AD ,∠A =60°, ∴△ABD 是等边三角形,∴AB =AD =BD =4, ∠ABD =∠ADB =60°, ∵∠ABC =∠ADC , ∴∠CBD =∠CDB , ∵∠BCD =120°,∴∠CBD =∠CDB =30°, ∴CB =CD , ∵AB =AD , ∴AC ⊥BD ,∴BO =OD =2,OA =AB ·sin60°=23,OC =OB ·tan30°=233,∴S 四边形ABCD =12·BD ·OA +12·BD ·OC =12·BD ·(OA +OC )=1633;(2)2;【解法提示】如解图②,作DH ⊥AB 于H ,过点B 、D 、C 作圆,连接BD ,第5题解图②∵∠C ′=∠C =45°, ∴当C′B =C′D 时,△BDC ′的面积最大,此时四边形ABC ′D 的面积最大, 易证四边形ABC′D 是菱形, 在Rt △AHD 中,∵∠A =45 °,∠AHD =90°,AD =4, ∴AH =HD =22,∴四边形ABC′D 的面积=AB·DH =82, ∴四边形ABCD 的面积的最大值为8 2. (3)四边形BCGE 的面积是定值,理由如下: 如解图③,连接EC 、CF ,作FM ⊥BC 于M .第5题解图③在△BCE 和△DCF 中, ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧BE =DF ∠EBC =∠FDC,BC =DC∴△BCE ≌△DCF (SAS), ∴CE =CF , ∵EG =GF , ∴S △ECG =S △FCG ,∵四边形CDFM 是矩形,∴BC =DC =MF ,DF =BE =CM , ∴BM =m ,BE +FM =m ,∴△FCM ,△DCF ,△BCE 的面积相等, ∴S 四边形BCGE =12·S 四边形BEFM =12·12·m ·m =14m 2.6. 解:(1)AB =BC 或BC =CD 或CD =AD 或AD =AB ; (2)解:小红的结论正确. 理由如下:∵四边形的对角线互相平分, ∴这个四边形是平行四边形, ∵四边形是“等邻边四边形”, ∴这个四边形有一组邻边相等, ∴这个“等邻边四边形”是菱形;(3)由∠ABC =90°,AB =2,BC =1,得:AC =5, ∵将Rt △ABC 平移得到Rt △A ′B ′C ′,∴BB ′=AA′,A′B′∥AB,A ′B ′=AB =2,B ′C ′=BC =1,A ′C ′=AC =5, (Ⅰ)如解图①,当AA′=AB 时,BB ′=AA′=AB =2;第6题解图①(Ⅱ)如解图②,当AA′=A′C′时,BB ′=AA′=A′C′ =5;第6题解图②(Ⅲ)当A′C′=BC′=5时,如解图③,延长C′B′交AB 与点D ,则C′B ′⊥AB ,第6题解图③∵BB ′平分∠ABC ,∴∠ABB ′=12∠ABC =45°,∴∠BB ′D =∠ABB′=45°, ∴B ′D =BD ,设B′D=BD =x ,则C′D =x +1,BB ′=2x ,∵根据在Rt △BC ′D 中,BC ′2=C′D 2+BD 2即x 2+(x +1)2=5, 解得:x =1或x =-2(不合题意,舍去), ∴BB ′=2x =2;第6题解图④(Ⅳ)当 BC′=AB =2时,如解图④,与(Ⅲ)方法同理可得: x =-1+72或x =-1-72(舍去),∴BB ′=2x =-2+142.故应平移2或5或2或-2+142的距离.7. 解:(1)①12,②4;【解法提示】①如解图①中,第7题解图①∵△ABC 是等边三角形,∴AB =BC =AC =AB′=AC′, ∵DB ′=DC′, ∴A D ⊥B ′C ′,∵∠BAC =60°,∠BAC +∠B′AC ′=180°, ∴∠B ′AC ′=120°, ∴∠B ′=∠C′=30°, ∴AD =12AB ′=12BC .②如解图②中,第7题解图②∵∠BAC =90°,∠BAC +∠B′AC′=180°, ∴∠B ′AC ′=∠BAC =90°, ∵AB =AB′,AC =AC′, ∴△BAC ≌△B ′AC ′, ∴BC =B′C ′, ∵B ′D =DC′,∴AD =12B ′C ′=12BC =4;(2)猜想:AD =12BC .理由:如解图③中,延长AD 到M ,使得AD =DM ,连接B′M,C ′M ,第7题解图③∵B ′D =DC ′,AD =DM ,∴四边形AC′MB′是平行四边形, ∴AC ′=B′M=AC ,∵∠BAC +∠B′AC′=180°, ∠B ′AC ′+∠AB′M =180°, ∴∠BAC =∠MB ′A, ∵AB =AB ′,∴△BAC ≌△AB ′M , ∴BC =AM , ∴AD =12BC ;(3)存在.理由:如解图④中,延长AD 交BC 的延长线于M ,作BE ⊥AD 于E ,作线段BC 的垂直平分线交BE 于P ,交BC 于F ,连接PA 、PD 、PC ,作△PCD 的中线PN ,连接DF 交PC 于O ,第7题解图④∵∠ADC =150°, ∴∠MDC =30°, ∴在Rt △DCM 中,∵CD =23,∠DCM =90°,∠MDC =30°, ∴CM =2,DM =4,∠M =60°, 在Rt △BEM 中,∵∠BEM =90°,BM =BC +CM =14,∠MBE =30°, ∴EM =12BM =7,∴DE =EM -DM =3, ∵AD =6, ∴AE =DE , ∵BE ⊥AD ,∴PA =PD ,PB =PC , 在Rt △CDF 中,∵CD =23,CF =6, ∴∠CDF =∠CPE =60°, 易证△FCP ≌△CFD , ∴CD =PF ,∵CD ∥PF , ∴四边形CDPF 是矩形, ∴∠CDP =90°,∴∠ADP =∠ADC-∠CDP =60°, ∴△ADP 是等边三角形, ∴∠APD =60°,∵∠BPF=∠CPF=60°,∴∠BPC=120°,∴∠APD+∠BPC=180°,∴△PDC是△PAB的“旋补三角形”,在Rt△PDN中,∵∠PDN=90°,PD=AD=6,DN=3,∴PN=DN2+PD2=(3)2+62=39.。
大桥外语新概念II—中考链接课课考(Lesson1)姓名:分数:I. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. “I don’t like th is play.” She said to me _______ (angry).2. A young man and young woman were talking _______ (loud).3. Last week we _______ (go) to swim with our English teacher.4. They were sitting behind _______ (I).5. The play was very_______ (interest).II. 在下列各句的空白处填入一个适当的词,使句子意思完整,语法正确。
6. I want to be a _____. I like helping doctors and looking after patients.7. Dad, I’m hungry. Can y ou _____ supper for me?8. It’s very ______ today. Put on warm clothes when you go out.9. We should take more exercise. It is good ______ our health.10. You will have a good time______ you go to the party.III 根据句意及汉语提示写出正确的英文单词。
11. I have a good ______(座位).12. Did you go to the ________(戏院) last Sunday?13. That boy said very _________(粗鲁地) to the old man.14. This is a ________(私人的) conversation.15. You must pay________(注意) in class.IV. 单项选择。
新概念2试题及答案Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions (选择最佳答案)1. What does the word "abandon" mean?A. To leave something behindB. To pick up somethingC. To keep something safeD. To hide something2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like to travel.B. She doesn't like traveling.C. She don't likes to travel.D. She doesn't likes traveling.3. Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in parentheses:"I wish I ___ (be) more careful."A. amB. wasC. wereD. is4. What is the past tense of "begin"?A. begunB. beginC. beganD. begining5. Choose the sentence that correctly uses the phrase "in vain."A. He tried to open the door, but it was in vain.B. She worked hard, but all in vain.C. The efforts were in vain, but they didn't give up.D. All of the above.Part 2: Fill in the Blanks (填空题)Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct words.Last week, I went to the library to borrow some books. I___1___ (find) a novel that I had been looking for a long time. I was very ___2___ (happy) to see it. I ___3___ (take) it home and started ___4___ (read) it immediately. The story was very ___5___ (interest), and I couldn't put it down.Part 3: Error Correction (改错题)Correct the following sentences by rewriting them with the correct grammar or word choice.1. I have went to the beach yesterday.2. She don't know the answer to the question.3. The children was playing in the park.4. He is the most intelligent person I ever met.Part 4: Translation (翻译题)Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.1. The weather was perfect for a picnic.2. He has a natural talent for music.3. She decided to take a gap year before going to university. Part 5: Writing (写作题)Write a short paragraph about your last vacation. Include details about where you went, what you did, and how you felt about the trip.答案Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions1. A. To leave something behind2. B. She doesn't like traveling.3. C. were4. C. began5. D. All of the above.Part 2: Fill in the Blanks1. found2. happy3. took4. reading5. interestingPart 3: Error Correction1. I went to the beach yesterday.2. She doesn't know the answer to the question.3. The children were playing in the park.4. He is the most intelligent person I have ever met.Part 4: Translation1. 天气非常适合野餐。
八年级新概念英语(Ⅱ)考试试卷一、单项选择(每题一分,共20分)( ) 1. I have just moved to ________ house in ________ Bridge Street.A. a; aB. a; /C. the; /D. the; the( ) 2. Last week, the writer went to the theatre. He was ________ the theatre. A. toB. atC. intoD. on( ) 3. Aunt Lucy said, “Dear me!” She was ________ to know he was still having breakfast. A. excitedB. surprisedC. tiredD. pleased( ) 4. Mr. Scott has a garage in Silbury. His ________ garage is in Pinhurst. A anotherB. otherC. elseD. others( ) 5. ---What ’s it ________? ----A clavichord.A. toldB. saidC. calledD. spoken( ) 6.A waiter usually works in a ________. A. public gardenB. shopC. restaurantD. private house( ) 7. ---________ did the writer feel? ---Angry.A. WhereB. WhyC. HowD. When( ) 8. We are not allowed to touch it. We __________ touch it. A. mustn ’tB. mustn ’t toC. haven ’t toD. don ’t have to( ) 9. Joe wins every time. He always ________ Bill Firth.A. winsB. beatsC. gainsD. earns( ) 10.We arrived at the village late ________ night and left early ________ the morning.A. at; atB. in; onC. at; inD. in; at( ) 11.Yesterday a beggar _________ my door and asked me for a meal.A. knock offB. knock overC. knock outD. knock at( ) 12.The old instrument was ________ Germany in 1681.A. made byB. made fromC. made inD. made of( ) 13. ________, he has begun his own private “telephone ” service.A. On the wayB. In this wayC. By the wayD. In a way( ) 14. The detectives waited inside the main building. This was the ________ building. A. firstB. smallestC. greatestD. most important( ) 15. Just then, the telephone rang. It rang __________. A. at onceB. immediatelyC. againD. at that moment( ) 16. He will fly to Perth. He will go there __________. A. with airB. in airC. by airD. through air-密-----------------封-----------------线-------------------内-------------------不---------------------要-----------------------答-------------------题------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( ) 17. He has just bought an Australian car. He bought one __________.A. a short time agoB. a long time agoC. last yearD. six months ago( ) 18. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. That’s where we ________ it.A. keptB. have keptC. are keepingD. keep( ) 19. --- Can I use your notebooks? I left mine at home.--- Sorry, I ________ it ________ my deskmate.A. borrow; fromB. lend; toC. give; toD. buy; for( ) 20. ________! It has rained for nearly a month.A. What a terrible dayB. What bad weatherC. How terrible daysD. What a bad weather二、完形填空(每题一分,共20分)AOnce upon a time, there was an island. Knowledge 1 all the feelings lived there:Sadness, Love and all of the others. One day the island would go down, so all the feelings decided to 2 .Love was the last one to stay there. She didn’t have a 3 and wanted others to help her. Richness was passing by Love in a nice boat. Love said, “ 4 you take me with you?”Richness answered, “No, I can’t. There is a lot of gold in my boat. There is no 5 here for you.”Sadness was close by, so Love said, “Sadness, let me go with you.”But Sadness answered, “Oh … Love, I am so 6 that I want to stay by myself!”Suddenly, there was a 7 , “Come, Love. I will take you.”It was 8 . Love even forgot to ask the elder’s name because Love was so happy.Later, Love asked 9 , another elder, “Who helped me?”“It was Time,” Knowledge answered. “Time?” asked Love. “But 10 did Time help me?”Knowledge smiled and answered, “Because only Time can understand how valuable(宝贵的)Love is.”( ) 1. A. and B. for C. but D. so( ) 2. A. come B. leave C. run D. help( ) 3. A. boat B. car C. bike D. bus( ) 4. A. May B. Must C. Can D. Should( ) 5. A. food B. time C. money D. place( ) 6. A. happy B. sad C. rich D. poor( ) 7. A. voice B. noise C. cry D. smile( ) 8. A. a man B. a woman C. an elder D. a child( ) 9. A. Richness B. knowledge C. Sadness D. Time( ) 10. A. what B. which C. who D. whyBAn engineer feels bored on a long flight, so he asks the man beside him 1 he would like to play a game. The man just wants to 2 , so he politely refuses .The engineer asks again and explains: “I ask you a(n) 3 , and if you don’t know the answer, you 4 me $5. Then you ask me a question, and if I don’t know the answer, I’ll pay you $5.”Again, the man 5 . The engineer goes on: “OK, if you don’t know the answer, you pay me $5, and if I don’t know the answer, I’ll pay you $50!”This time the man becomes 6 , and he agrees to the game.The engineer asks a question first. The man doesn’t answer it, but hands a $5 7 to the engineer. Then he asks the engineer: “What goes up a hill (山) with three legs, and comes down on four?” The engineer 8 it for an hour but doesn’t get the answer.9 he wakes the man and hands him $50. Then he asks: “Well, what’s the answer?”Without a(n) 10 , the man hands the engineer a $5 bill, and turns away to get back to sleep again.( ) 1. A. when B. that C. if D. what( ) 2. A. read B. talk C. learn D. sleep( ) 3. A. time B. question C. way D. invitation( ) 4. A. pay B. show C. lend D. get( ) 5. A. answers B. asks C. reports D. refuses( ) 6. A. bored B. tired C. interested D. surprised( ) 7. A. money B. note C. ticket D. paper( ) 8. A. believes in B. depends on C. looks at D. thinks about( ) 9. A. But B. When C. So D. Because( ) 10. A. visit B. word C. end D. creation三、阅读理解(每题一分,共15分)ABoys, like girls, need friends. Many people believe that boys need fewer friends than girls do. In fact, boys are much happier and healthier when they have good friends.There are some differences in friendships between girls and boys. For example, Amy and Sarah are best friends. They walk to school together every morning, and always eat lunch together.While they sometimes read books and play games, their heads are always close together. They talk about everything. Jason and Leo are best friends, too ---- along with Adam, Rick, and Hugh. Jason sometimes talks with Leo about his parents’ divorce(离婚) because he knows that Leo’s parents are divorced, too. But they only talk to each other and keep the secrets. When the other boys are around, they play ball games or talk about other things like their favourite films.People believe that girls are better at making friends, but most boys think making friends is an important part of their lives. Boys may be better at keeping friendship than girls.( ) 1. Many people often think that _________ according to the passage.A. girls need more friends than boysB. boys usually don’t need friendsC. girls can’t make friends with boysD. boys are happier and healthier if they have many friends( ) 2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. Amy and Sarah like talking about everything.B. Jason and Leo keep some secrets between themselves.C. Girls like to go to school with their friends.D. There are some differences between girls and boys in making friends.( ) 3. The underlined word, “friendships”, means “________”.A. fights between friendsB. relations between friendsC. talks between friendsD. actions between friends( ) 4. Which is an important part for most boys in their lives according to the passage?A. Getting a good job.B. Playing ball games.C. Making friends.D. Seeing their favourite films.( ) 5. What does the writer think about?A. Boys need fewer friends than girls.B. Boys also need friends very much.C. Girls are good at keeping friendships.D. Both boys and girls like talking their families with all friends.BThe story happened during the Second World War(战争).An old man lived in a small town of Germany. He had three sons and they all worked in the same factory where he had worked. After the war had begun, his sons were all made to join the army one after another and they all died in the frights. The old man was very sad. He didn’t have enough food and was often hungry . And nobody helped him and he didn’t know how to go in living.It was a very cold winter nigh. The old man couldn’t go to sleep. He had been hungry for two days and it was so cold in his room that ice could be seen. He had to get up and begun to run in the room until he lay down on the ground. The next morning he had to beg from door to door. He had been to a lot of cities and knew a lot.Once he came to a village, but the villages were all poor and couldn’t give him anything. He was too hungry to go to another village. He thought hard and found a way. He came to a police station and called out , “Hitler (希特勒)is a foolish pig!”Out came an old policeman at once. He took the old man into a room, gave him some bread and a cup of tea. Then he said, “Don’t say in our village, sir!”“I’m sorry, sir.” said the old man. “I don’t know it’s Hitler’s hometown.”“No, no, sir.” The policeman said in a hurry. “It’s pig’s hometown!”( ) 1. The old man was ___________.A. a GermanB. a FrenchC. an AustralianD. an Englishman( ) 2. The old man was sad because ________.A. his three sons all died during the warB. His three sons had to join the armyC. He had no food or clothesD. He lived in the small town alone( ) 3. The old man got up and ran in his room to ________.A. keep healthyB. forget he was sad and hungryC. make him warmD. find a way to forget he was hungry( ) 4. The old man shouted outside the police station because______A. he hated Hitler very muchB. he hoped the policeman could help himC. he wanted to make the policemen angryD. he thought the he would be given some food in prison (监狱)( ) 5. Which statement is true?A. The old policeman hated Hitler, too.B. The old policeman found that the old man his best friend.C. The old policeman would send the old man in prison.D. The old policeman liked Hitler better than pigs.COn Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a balloon(气球).They started early in London. Theheadman was Augusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope(绳子),and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight(重量).It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men's basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometers from London!( ) 1. Three men flew in balloon ________.A. for nearly 1,800 kilometersB. to another cityC. to visit PolandD. more than a century ago( ) 2. The metal box was used for ________.A. carrying the bags of sandB. keeping drinking-waterC. carrying ropes of the basketD. changing weight( ) 3. When the balloon went up higher, ________.A. the temperature of the balloon began to fallB. they saw the sun go downC. they made a hole in the basket with their knivesD. they could see a black hole on the ground( ) 4. The balloon landed ________.A. in LondonB. on the seaC. on a lakeD. in a foreign country ( ) 5. Which of the following is NOT true?________A. The three men started their journey before the sun rose.B. The balloon began to go up when they threw bags of sand out of the basket.C. When they pulled the box into the basket, the balloon began to climb up.D. The three men had to land because they felt cold.四、词汇(每空一分,共15分)A. 根据中文提示和英文释义完成单词.1. Scott decided to go ________ (在国外) for travelling with his parents.2. The pigeon carried the first ________ (信息) from Pinhurst to Silbury.3. Tim is working for a ________ ( a big company) for nearly two years.4. “I am having breakfast,” I ________ (said again) .5. The man couldn’t ________ (忍受) the woman who is sitting behind him and talking loudly.B.1.“It’s none of your business!” the young man said ________.2. Bill works harder than Joe and grows ________ flowers and vegetables.3. The girl is ________ because she can sing many songs in her beautiful voice.4. It was such a sudden ________ that most of us felt surprised.5. What an ________ story! I want to read it again.C.1. Everybody ________ for “The Nicest Garden Competition”.2. Don’t make any noise. They ________ their trip to Hong Kong.3. The detective put the cheese in his pocket and then ________ quietly.4. Up to now, I ________ a lot of letters from my parents.5. A large number of students ________ fond of films and often go to the cinema together.五、句型转换(每空一分,共10分)1. He calls at every house in the street once a month. (就划线部分提问)________ ________ does he call at every house in the street?2. Tony is one of my father’s friends.(保持句意不变)Tony is a friend of ________ ________.3. The young man and the young woman paid no attention to the writer.(保持句意不变)The young man and the young woman didn’t _________ ________ attention to the writer.4. Mrs. Jones bought a bag of sugar and some tea. (改为一般疑问句)________ Mrs. Jones ________ a bag of sugar and ________ tea?5. Before lunch, the letter, in his office, quickly, he , read (连词成句)________________________________________________________________.六、短文填空(每空一分,共10分)On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the l____1____ day of a year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall c____2____. It would stike t____3____ in twenty minutes’time. Fifteen minutes p____4____ and then, at five to twelve the clock s____5____. The big minute hand didn’t move. We waited and waited, but n____6____ happened. Suddenly someone s____7____, “It’s two minutes p____8____ twelve! The clock has stopped!” I looked at my watch. It was t____9____. The big clock refused to w____10____ the New Year. At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.1. ________2. ________3. ________4. ________5. ________6. ________7. ________8. ________9. ________ 10. _______七、摘要写作(共10分)回答有关Lesson 3的问题,将答案组成一个段落,不超过80词。
1.(2013•安徽)我们把由不平行于底边的直线截等腰三角形的两腰所得的四边形称为“准等腰梯形”.如图1,四边形ABCD即为“准等腰梯形”.其中∠B=∠C.(1)在图1所示的“准等腰梯形”ABCD中,选择合适的一个顶点引一条直线将四边形ABCD分割成一个等腰梯形和一个三角形或分割成一个等腰三角形和一个梯形(画出一种示意图即可);(2)如图2,在“准等腰梯形”ABCD中∠B=∠C.E为边BC上一点,若AB∥DE,AE∥DC,求证:=;(3)在由不平行于BC的直线AD截△PBC所得的四边形ABCD中,∠BAD与∠ADC的平分线交于点E.若EB=EC,请问当点E在四边形ABCD内部时(即图3所示情形),四边形ABCD是不是“准等腰梯形”,为什么?若点E不在四边形ABCD内部时,情况又将如何?写出你的结论.(不必说明理由)考点:四边形综合题.专题:压轴题.分析:(1)根据条件∠B=∠C和梯形的定义就可以画出图形;(2)根据平行线的性质就可以得出∠DEC=∠B,∠AEC=∠C,就可以得出△ABE∽△DEC,由相似三角形的性质就可以求出结论;(3)根据角平分线的性质可以得出△EFB≌△EHC,就可以得出∠3=∠4,再有条件就可以得出∠ABC=∠DCB,从而得出结论,当点E不在四边形内部时分两种情况讨论就可以求出结论.解答:解:(1)如图1,过点D作DE∥BC交PB于点E,则四边形ABCD 分割成一个等腰梯形BCDE和一个三角形ADE;(2)∵AB∥DE,∴∠B=∠DEC,∵AE∥DC,∴∠AEB=∠C,∵∠B=∠C,∴∠B=∠AEB,∴AB=AE.∵在△ABE和△DEC中,,∴△ABE∽△DEC,∴,∴;(3)作EF⊥AB于F,EG⊥AD于G,EH⊥CD于H,∴∠BFE=∠CHE=90°.∵AE平分∠BAD,DE平分∠ADC,∴EF=EG=EH,在Rt△EFB和Rt△EHC中,∴Rt△EFB≌Rt△EHC(HL),∴∠3=∠4.∵BE=CE,∴∠1=∠2.∴∠1+∠3=∠2+∠4即∠ABC=∠DCB,∵ABCD为AD截某三角形所得,且AD不平行BC,∴ABCD是“准等腰梯形”.当点E不在四边形ABCD的内部时,有两种情况:如图4,当点E在BC边上时,同理可以证明△EFB≌△EHC,∴∠B=∠C,∴ABCD是“准等腰梯形”.当点E在四边形ABCD的外部时,四边形ABCD不一定是“准等腰梯形”.分两种情况:情况一:当∠BED的角平分线与线段BC的垂直平分线重合时,四边形ABCD为“准等腰梯形”;情况二:当∠BED的角平分线与线段BC的垂直平分线相交时,四边形ABCD不是“准等腰梯形”.点评:本题考查了平行线的性质的运用,相似三角形的判定及性质的运用,角平分线的性质的运用,全等三角形的判定及性质的运用,解答时多次运用角平分线的性质是关键.2.(2013•安徽)我们把正六边形的顶点及其对称中心称作如图1所示基本图的特征点,显然这样的基本图共有7个特征点,将此基本图不断复制并平移,使得相邻两个基本图的一边重合,这样得到图2,图3,…(1)观察以上图形并完成下表:图形的名称基本图的个数特征点的个数图117图2212图3317图44 22 ………猜想:在图(n)中,特征点的个数为 5n+2 (用n表示);(2)如图,将图(n)放在直角坐标系中,设其中第一个基本图的对称中心O1的坐标为(x1,2),则x1= ;图(2013)的对称中心的横坐标为 2013 .考点:规律型:图形的变化类;规律型:点的坐标.菁优网版权所有专题:压轴题.分析:(1)观察图形,结合已知条件,得出将基本图每复制并平移一次,特征点增加5个,由此得出图4中特征点的个数为17+5=22个,进一步猜想出:在图(n)中,特征点的个数为:7+5(n﹣1)=5n+2;(2)过点O1作O1M⊥y轴于点M,根据正六边形、等腰三角形的性质得出∠BO1M=30°,再由余弦函数的定义求出O1M=,即x1=;然后结合图形分别得出图(2)、图(3)、图(4)的对称中心的横坐标,找到规律,进而得出图(2013)的对称中心的横坐标.解答:解:(1)由题意,可知图1中特征点有7个;图2中特征点有12个,12=7+5×1;图3中特征点有17个,17=7+5×2;所以图4中特征点有7+5×3=22个;由以上猜想:在图(n)中,特征点的个数为:7+5(n﹣1)=5n+2;(2)如图,过点O1作O1M⊥y轴于点M,又∵正六边形的中心角=60°,O1C=O1B=O1A=2,∴∠BO1M=30°,∴O1M=O1B•cos∠BO1M=2×=,∴x1=;由题意,可得图(2)的对称中心的横坐标为(2×2)=2,图(3)的对称中心的横坐标为(2×3)=3,图(4)的对称中心的横坐标为(2×4)=4,…∴图(2013)的对称中心的横坐标为(2×2013)=2013.故答案为22,5n+2;,2013.点评:本题借助正六边形考查了规律型:图形的变化类问题,难度适中.关键是通过观察、归纳与总结,得到其中的规律;(2)要注意求的是整个图形的对称中心的横坐标,而不是第2013个正六边形的对称中心的横坐标,这也是本题容易出错的地方.3.我们把由不平行于底边的直线截等腰三角形的两腰所得的四边形称为“准等腰梯形”.如图1,四边形ABCD即为“准等腰梯形”.其中∠B=∠C.(1)在图1所示的“准等腰梯形”ABCD中,选择合适的一个顶点引一条直线将四边形ABCD分割成一个等腰梯形和一个三角形或分割成一个等腰三角形和一个梯形(画出一种示意图即可);(2)如图2,在“准等腰梯形”ABCD中,∠B=∠C.E为边BC上一点,若AB∥DE,AE∥DC,求证:=;(3)如图3,在由不平行于BC的直线AD截△PBC所得的四边形ABCD 中,∠BAD与∠ADC的平分线交于点E.若EB=EC,则四边形ABCD是不是“准等腰梯形”?请说明理由.考点:四边形综合题.分析:(1)过点A作AE∥CD交BC于点E,则△ABE和四边形AECD就是所求作的图形;(2)由AB∥DE,AE∥DC,就可以得出∠B=∠DEC,∠AEB=∠C,就可以得出△ABE∽△DEC,就可以得出结论;(3)作EF⊥AB于F,EG⊥AD于G,EH⊥CD于H,由角平分线的性质就可以得出EF=EG=EH,就可以得出△BEF≌△BEH,就可以得出∠FBE=∠HCE,从而得出∠ABC=∠DCB而得出结论.解答:解:(1)如图,过点A作AE∥CD交BC于点E,∴∠AEB=∠C.∵∠B=∠C∴∠AEB=∠B,∴AB=AE,∴△ABE是等腰三角形;∵AE∥CD,AD≠CD,∴四边形AECD是梯形.∴△ABE和四边形AECD就是所求作的图形;(2)∵AB∥DE,AE∥DC,∴∠B=∠DEC,∠AEB=∠C.∵∠B=∠C,∴∠AEB=∠DEC∴△ABE∽△DCE,∴;(3)四边形ABCD是“准等腰梯形”.理由:作EF⊥AB于F,EG⊥AD于G,EH⊥CD于H,∵AE平分∠BAD,DE平分∠ADC,∴∠EFB=∠EHC=90°,EF=EG=EH.在Rt△BEF和Rt△CEH中,∴Rt△BEF≌Rt△CEH(HL);∴∠FBE=∠HCE.∵BE=BC,∴∠EBC=∠ECB,∴∠EBC+∠FBE=∠ECB+∠HCE,∴∠ABC=∠HCB.∴四边形ABCD是“准等腰梯形”.点评:本题考查了等腰三角形的性质的运用,平行线的性质的运用角平分线的性质的运用,全等三角形的判定及性质的运用,解答时运用等腰三角形的性质求解是关键.4.(2012•保定一模)四边形一条对角线所在直线上的点,如果到这条对角线的两端点的距离不相等,但到另一对角线的两个端点的距离相等,则称这点为这个四边形的准等距点.如图,点P为四边形ABCD对角线AC所在直线上的一点,PD=PB,PA≠PC,则点P为四边形ABCD的准等距点.(1)如图2,画出菱形ABCD的一个准等距点.(2)如图3,作出四边形ABCD的一个准等距点(尺规作图,保留作图痕迹,不要求写作法).(3)如图4,在四边形ABCD中,P是AC上的点,PA≠PC,延长BP交CD于点E,延长DP交BC于点F,且∠CDF=∠CBE,CE=CF.求证:点P是四边形ABCD的准等距点.考点:作图—复杂作图;全等三角形的判定与性质.专题:作图题.分析:(1)根据菱形的性质,在菱形对角线上找出除中心外的任意一点即可;(2)作对角线BD的垂直平分线于与另一对角线AC相交于点P,根据线段垂直平分线上的点到线段两端点的距离相等可得点P即为所求的准等距点;(3)连接BD,先利用“角角边”证明△DCF和△BCE全等,根据全等三角形对应边相等可得CD=CB,再根据等边对等角的性质可得∠CDB=∠CBD,从而得到∠PDB=∠PBD,然后根据等角对等边的性质可得PD=PB,根据准等距点的定义即可得证.解答:解:(1)如图2,点P即为所画点.…(1分)(答案不唯一)(2)如图3,点P即为所作点.…(2分)(答案不唯一.)(3)证明:连接DB,在△DCF与△BCE中,,∴△DCF≌△BCE(AAS),∴CD=CB,∴∠CDB=∠CBD.∴∠PDB=∠PBD,∴PD=PB,∵PA≠PC∴点P是四边形ABCD的准等距点.点评:本题考查了复杂作图,主要利用了线段垂直平分线的作法,全等三角形的判定与性质,读懂题意,理解准等距点的定义是解题的关键.5.(2006•福州)对于任意两个二次函数:y1=a1x2+b1x+c1,y2=a2x2+b2x+c2,(a1a2≠0),当|a1|=|a2|时,我们称这两个二次函数的图象为全等抛物线.现有△ABM,A(﹣1,0),B(1,0).记过三点的二次函数抛物线为“C□□□”(“□□□”中填写相应三个点的字母)(1)若已知M(0,1),△ABM≌△ABN(0,﹣1).请通过计算判断C ABM与C ABN是否为全等抛物线;(2)在图2中,以A、B、M三点为顶点,画出平行四边形.①若已知M(0,n),求抛物线C ABM的解析式,并直接写出所有过平行四边形中三个顶点且能与C ABM全等的抛物线解析式.②若已知M(m,n),当m,n满足什么条件时,存在抛物线C ABM根据以上的探究结果,判断是否存在过平行四边形中三个顶点且能与C ABM全等的抛物线?若存在,请列出所有满足条件的抛物线“C□□□”;若不存在,请说明理由.二次函数综合题.考点:专压轴题;新定义.题:分析:(1)应该是全等抛物线,由于这两个抛物线虽然开口方向不同,但是开口大小一样,因此二次项的绝对值也应该相等.可用待定系数法求出两抛物线的解析式,然后进行判断即可.(2)与(1)相同都是通过构建平行四边形来得出与△ABM全等的三角形,那么过与△ABM全等的三角形的三个顶点的抛物线都是与C ABM全等的抛物线.解答:解:(1)设抛物线C ABM的解析式为y=ax2+bx+c,∵抛物线C ABM过点A(﹣1,0),B(1,0),M(0,1),∴抛物线C ABM的解析式为y=﹣x2+1,同理可得抛物线C ABN的解析式为y=x2+1,∵|﹣1|=|1|,∴C ABM与C ABN是全等抛物线.(2)①设抛物线C ABM的解析式为y=ax2+bx+c,∵抛物线C ABM过点A(﹣1,0),B(1,0),M(0,n),抛物线C ABM的解析式为y=﹣nx2+n,与C ABM全等的抛物线有:y=nx2﹣n,y=n(x﹣1)2,y=n(x+1)2②当n≠0且m≠±1时,存在抛物线C ABM,与C ABM全等的抛物线有:C ABN,C AME,C BMF.点评:本题是函数与几何结合的综合题,解题关键是善于利用几何图形的性质以及函数的性质和定理等知识,主要考查学生数形结合的数学思想方法.6.(2013•沈阳)定义:我们把三角形被一边中线分成的两个三角形叫做“友好三角形”.性质:如果两个三角形是“友好三角形”,那么这两个三角形的面积相等.理解:如图①,在△ABC中,CD是AB边上的中线,那么△ACD和△BCD是“友好三角形”,并且S△ACD=S△BCD.应用:如图②,在矩形ABCD中,AB=4,BC=6,点E在AD上,点F在BC上,AE=BF,AF与BE交于点O.(1)求证:△AOB和△AOE是“友好三角形”;(2)连接OD,若△AOE和△DOE是“友好三角形”,求四边形CDOF的面积.探究:在△ABC中,∠A=30°,AB=4,点D在线段AB上,连接CD,△ACD和△BCD是“友好三角形”,将△ACD沿CD所在直线翻折,得到△A′CD,若△A′CD与△ABC重合部分的面积等于△ABC面积的,请直接写出△ABC的面积.考点:四边形综合题.专题:压轴题.分析:(1)利用一组对边平行且相等的四边形是平行四边形,得到四边形ABFE是平行四边形,然后根据平行四边形的性质证得OE=OB,即可证得△AOE和△AOB是友好三角形;(2)△AOE和△DOE是“友好三角形”,即可得到E是AD的中点,则可以求得△ABE、△ABF的面积,根据S四边形CDOF=S矩形ABCD﹣2S△ABF即可求解.探究:画出符合条件的两种情况:①求出四边形A′DCB是平行四边形,求出BC和A′D推出∠ACB=90°,根据三角形面积公式求出即可;②求出高CQ,求出△A′DC的面积.即可求出△ABC的面积.解答:(1)证明:∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴AD∥BC,∵AE=BF,∴四边形ABFE是平行四边形,∴OE=OB,∴△AOE和△AOB是友好三角形.(2)解:∵△AOE和△DOE是友好三角形,∴S△AOE=S△DOE,AE=ED=AD=3,∵△AOB与△AOE是友好三角形,∴S△AOB=S△AOE,∵△AOE≌△FOB,∴S△AOE=S△FOB,∴S△AOD=S△ABF,∴S四边形CDOF=S矩形ABCD﹣2S△ABF=4×6﹣2××4×3=12.探究:解:分为两种情况:①如图1,∵S△ACD=S△BCD.∴AD=BD=AB,∵沿CD折叠A和A′重合,∴AD=A′D=AB=4=2,∵△A′CD与△ABC重合部分的面积等于△ABC面积的,∴S△DOC=S△ABC=S△BDC=S△ADC=S△A′DC,∴DO=OB,A′O=CO,∴四边形A′DCB是平行四边形,∴BC=A′D=2,过B作BM⊥AC于M,∵AB=4,∠BAC=30°,∴BM=AB=2=BC,即C和M重合,∴∠ACB=90°,由勾股定理得:AC==2,∴△ABC的面积是×BC×AC=×2×2=2;②如图2,∵S△ACD=S△BCD.∴AD=BD=AB,∵沿CD折叠A和A′重合,∴AD=A′D=AB=4=2,∵△A′CD与△ABC重合部分的面积等于△ABC面积的,∴S△DOC=S△ABC=S△BDC=S△ADC=S△A′DC,∴CO=OA′,BO=DO,∴四边形A′BDC是平行四边形,∴BD=A′C=2,过C作CQ⊥A′D于Q,∵A′C=2,∠DA′C=∠BAC=30°,∴CQ=A′C=1,∴S△ABC=2S△ADC=2S△A′DC=2××A′D×CQ=2××2×1=2;即△ABC的面积是2或2.点评:本题考查了平行四边形性质和判定,三角形的面积,勾股定理的应用,解这个题的关键是能根据已知题意和所学的定理进行推理.题目比较好,但是有一定的难度.7.(2012•贵阳模拟)如果一个三角形和一个矩形满足下列条件:三角形的一边与矩形的一边完全重合,并且三角形的这条边所对的角的顶点落在矩形与三角形重合的边的对边上,则称这样的矩形为三角形的“友好矩形”.如图①所示,矩形ABEF即为△ABC的“友好矩形”.我们发现:当△ABC是钝角三角形时,其“友好矩形”只有一个.(1)仿照以上叙述,请你说明什么是一个三角形的“友好平行四边形”;(2)如图②,若△ABC为直角三角形,且∠C=90°,在图②中画出△ABC的所有“友好矩形”;(3)若△ABC是锐角三角形,且AB=5cm,AC=7cm,BC=8cm,在图③中画出△ABC的所有“友好矩形”,指出其中周长最大的矩形并说明理由.考点:四边形综合题.分析:(1)仿照友好矩形的定义即可得出友好平行四边形的定义;(2)根据友好矩形的定义得出分别以AB为边和对角线得出△ABC的所有“友好矩形”即可;(3)利用勾股定理得出BD,AD的长,进而分别求出以BC、AB、AC为边的“友好矩形”周长比较即可.解答:解:(1)三角形的一边与平行四边形的一边完全重合,并且三角形的这条边所对的角的顶点落在平行四边形与三角形重合的边的对边上,则称这样的平行四边形为三角形的“友好平行四边形”.(2)如图②所示:(3)如图③,过A做AD⊥BC于D设BD长为x cm,则DC长为(8﹣x)在Rt△ABD和Rt△ADC中AD2=AB2﹣BD2=52﹣x2,AD2=AC2﹣DC2=72﹣(8﹣x)2则52﹣x2=72﹣(8﹣x)2解得:x=2.5,过A做AD⊥BC于D,则有,则以BC为边的“友好矩形”周长为:,以AB为边的“友好矩形”周长为:,以AC为边的“友好矩形”周长为:,∴以BC为边的“友好矩形”周长最大.点评:此题主要考查了四边形综合题以及勾股定理等知识,考查学生的阅读理解、综合分析及分类讨论能力,难度较大.8.(2012•常州)平面上有两条直线AB、CD相交于点O,且∠BOD=150°(如图),现按如下要求规定此平面上点的“距离坐标”:(1)点O的“距离坐标”为(0,0);(2)在直线CD上,且到直线AB的距离为p(p>0)的点的“距离坐标”为(p,0);在直线AB上,且到直线CD的距离为q(q>0)的点的“距离坐标”为(0,q);(3)到直线AB、CD的距离分别为p,q(p>0,q>0)的点的“距离坐标”为(p,q).设M为此平面上的点,其“距离坐标”为(m,n),根据上述对点的“距离坐标”的规定,解决下列问题:(1)画出图形(保留画图痕迹):①满足m=1,且n=0的点M的集合;②满足m=n的点M的集合;(2)若点M在过点O且与直线CD垂直的直线l上,求m与n所满足的关系式.(说明:图中OI长为一个单位长)考点:一次函数综合题;角平分线的性质;含30度角的直角三角形;锐角三角函数的定义.专题:计算题;作图题.分析:(1)①以O为圆心,以2为半径作圆,交CD于两点,则此两点为所求;②分别作∠BOC和∠BOD的角平分线并且反向延长,即可求出答案;(2)过M作MN⊥AB于N,根据已知得出OM=n,MN=m,求出∠NOM=60°,根据锐角三角函数得出sin60°==,求出即可.解答:解:(1)①如图所示:点M1和M2为所求;②如图所示:直线MN和直线EF为所求;(2)如图:过M作MN⊥AB于N,∵M的“距离坐标”为(m,n),∴OM=n,MN=m,∵∠BOD=150°,直线l⊥CD,∴∠MON=150°﹣90°=60°,在Rt△MON中,sin60°==,即m与n所满足的关系式是:m=n.点评:本题考查了锐角三角函数值,角平分线性质,含30度角的直角三角形的应用,主要考查学生的动手操作能力和计算能力,注意:角平分线上的点到角两边的距离相等.9.(2012•无锡)对于平面直角坐标系中的任意两点P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2),我们把|x1﹣x2|+|y1﹣y2|叫做P1、P2两点间的直角距离,记作d(P1,P2).(1)已知O为坐标原点,动点P(x,y)满足d(O,P)=1,请写出x与y之间满足的关系式,并在所给的直角坐标系中画出所有符合条件的点P 所组成的图形;(2)设P0(x0,y0)是一定点,Q(x,y)是直线y=ax+b上的动点,我们把d(P0,Q)的最小值叫做P0到直线y=ax+b的直角距离.试求点M(2,1)到直线y=x+2的直角距离.考点:一次函数综合题.专题:压轴题.分析:(1)根据新的运算规则知|x|+|y|=1,据此可以画出符合题意的图形;(2)根据新的运算规则知d(M,Q)=|x﹣2|+|y﹣1|=|x﹣2|+|x+2﹣1|=|x﹣2|+|x+1|,然后由绝对值与数轴的关系可知,|x﹣2|+|x+1|表示数轴上实数x所对应的点到数2和﹣1所对应的点的距离之和,其最小值为3.解答:解:(1)由题意,得|x|+|y|=1,∵d(O,P)=1,O(0,0),P(x,y)∴d(0,P)=|x|+|y|∴|x|+|y|=1①x≥0,y≥0∴x+y=1y=1﹣x②x≤0,y≤0∴﹣x﹣y=1y=﹣x﹣1③x≥0,y≤0∴x﹣y=1y=x﹣1④x≤0,y≥0∴﹣x+y=1y=1+x将四个函数关系式表示在数轴上,所有符合条件的点P组成的图形如图所示:(2)∵d(M,Q)=|x﹣2|+|y﹣1|=|x﹣2|+|x+2﹣1|=|x﹣2|+|x+1|,又∵x可取一切实数,|x﹣2|+|x+1|表示数轴上实数x所对应的点到数2和﹣1所对应的点的距离之和,其最小值为3.∴点M(2,1)到直线y=x+2的直角距离为3.点评:本题考查了一次函数综合题.正确理解新定义运算法则是解题的关键.10.(2012•厦门)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,已知点A(2,3)、B(6,3),连接AB.如果点P在直线y=x﹣1上,且点P到直线AB的距离小于1,那么称点P是线段AB的“临近点”.(1)判断点C()是否是线段AB的“临近点”,并说明理由;(2)若点Q(m,n)是线段AB的“临近点”,求m的取值范围.考点:一次函数综合题.专题:计算题.分析:(1)根据A、B的坐标得出AB∥x轴,根据点P到直线AB的距离小于1,求出当纵坐标y在2<y<4范围内时,点是线段AB的“临近点”,看点的纵坐标是否在y的范围内即可;(2)根据线段AB的“临近点”的纵坐标的范围是2<n<4,把n=2和n=4分别代入n=m﹣1,求出相应的m值,即可得出点的横坐标m的范围.解答:解:(1)点C()是线段AB的“临近点”.理由是:∵点P到直线AB的距离小于1,A、B的纵坐标都是3,∴AB∥x轴,3﹣1=2,3+1=4,∴当纵坐标y在2<y<4范围内时,点是线段AB的“临近点”,点C的坐标是(),∴y=>2,且小于4,∵C(,)在直线y=x﹣1上,∴点C()是线段AB的“临近点”.(2)∵点Q(m,n)是线段AB的“临近点”,由(1)可以得出:线段AB的“临近点”的纵坐标的范围是2<n<4,把n=2代入y=x﹣1(即n=m﹣1)得:m=3,n=4代入y=x﹣1(即n=m﹣1)得:m=5,∴3<m<5,即m的取值范围是3<m<5.点评:本题考查了有关一次函数的应用,通过做此题培养了学生的阅读能力和计算能力,此题是一道非常好、比较典型的题目.11.(2012•台州)定义:P、Q分别是两条线段a和b上任意一点,线段PQ的长度的最小值叫做线段a与线段b的距离.已知O(0,0),A(4,0),B(m,n),C(m+4,n)是平面直角坐标系中四点.(1)根据上述定义,当m=2,n=2时,如图1,线段BC与线段OA的距离是 2 ;当m=5,n=2时,如图2,线段BC与线段OA的距离为 ;(2)如图3,若点B落在圆心为A,半径为2的圆上,线段BC与线段OA的距离记为d,求d关于m的函数解析式.(3)当m的值变化时,动线段BC与线段OA的距离始终为2,线段BC的中点为M,①求出点M随线段BC运动所围成的封闭图形的周长;②点D的坐标为(0,2),m≥0,n≥0,作MH⊥x轴,垂足为H,是否存在m的值使以A、M、H为顶点的三角形与△AOD相似?若存在,求出m 的值;若不存在,请说明理由.考点:圆的综合题;勾股定理;相似三角形的判定与性质.专题:代数几何综合题;压轴题.分析:(1)理解新定义,按照新定义的要求求出两个距离值;(2)如答图2所示,当点B落在⊙A上时,m的取值范围为2≤m≤6:当4≤m≤6,显然线段BC与线段OA的距离等于⊙A半径,即d=2;当2≤m<4时,作BN⊥x轴于点N,线段BC与线段OA的距离等于BN长;(3)①在准确理解点M运动轨迹的基础上,画出草图,如答图3所示.由图形可以直观求出封闭图形的周长;②如答图4所示,符合题意的相似三角形有三个,需要进行分类讨论,分别利用点的坐标关系以及相似三角形比例线段关系求出m的值.解答:解:(1)当m=2,n=2时,如题图1,线段BC与线段OA的距离(即线段BN的长)=2;当m=5,n=2时,B点坐标为(5,2),线段BC与线段OA的距离,即为线段AB的长,如答图1,过点B作BN⊥x轴于点N,则AN=1,BN=2,在Rt△ABN中,由勾股定理得:AB===.(2)如答图2所示,当点B落在⊙A上时,m的取值范围为2≤m≤6:当4≤m≤6,显然线段BC与线段OA的距离等于⊙A半径,即d=2;当2≤m<4时,作BN⊥x轴于点N,线段BC与线段OA的距离等于BN长,ON=m,AN=OA﹣ON=4﹣m,在Rt△ABN中,由勾股定理得:∴d===.(3)①依题意画出图形,点M的运动轨迹如答图3中粗体实线所示:由图可见,封闭图形由上下两段长度为8的线段,以及左右两侧半径为2的半圆所组成,其周长为:2×8+2×π×2=16+4π,∴点M随线段BC运动所围成的封闭图形的周长为:16+4π.②结论:存在.∵m≥0,n≥0,∴点M位于第一象限.∵A(4,0),D(0,2),∴OA=2OD.如答图4所示,相似三角形有三种情形:(I)△AM1H1,此时点M纵坐标为2,点H在A点左侧.如图,OH1=m+2,M1H1=2,AH1=OA﹣OH1=2﹣m,由相似关系可知,M1H1=2AH1,即2=2(2﹣m),∴m=1;(II)△AM2H2,此时点M纵坐标为2,点H在A点右侧.如图,OH2=m+2,M2H2=2,AH2=OH2﹣OA=m﹣2,由相似关系可知,M2H2=2AH2,即2=2(m﹣2),∴m=3;(III)△AM3H3,此时点B落在⊙A上.如图,OH3=m+2,AH3=OH3﹣OA=m﹣2,过点B作BN⊥x轴于点N,则BN=M3H3=n,AN=m﹣4,由相似关系可知,AH3=2M3H3,即m﹣2=2n (1)在Rt△ABN中,由勾股定理得:22=(m﹣4)2+n2(2)由(1)、(2)式解得:m1=,m2=2,当m=2时,点M与点A横坐标相同,点H与点A重合,故舍去,∴m=.综上所述,存在m的值使以A、M、H为顶点的三角形与△AOD相似,m的取值为:1、3或.点评:本题是以圆为基础的运动型压轴题,综合考查了圆的相关性质、相似三角形、点的坐标、勾股定理、解方程等重要知识点,难度较大.本题涉及动线与动点,运动过程比较复杂,准确理解运动过程是解决本题的关键.第(3)①问中,关键是画出点M运动轨迹的图形,结合图形求解一目了然;第(3)②问中,注意分类讨论思想的运用,避免漏解.12.(2012•绍兴)联想三角形外心的概念,我们可引入如下概念.定义:到三角形的两个顶点距离相等的点,叫做此三角形的准外心.举例:如图1,若PA=PB,则点P为△ABC的准外心.应用:如图2,CD为等边三角形ABC的高,准外心P在高CD上,且PD=AB,求∠APB的度数.探究:已知△ABC为直角三角形,斜边BC=5,AB=3,准外心P在AC边上,试探究PA的长.考点:线段垂直平分线的性质;等腰三角形的性质;等边三角形的性质;勾股定理.专题:新定义.分析:应用:连接PA、PB,根据准外心的定义,分①PB=PC,②PA=PC,③PA=PB三种情况利用等边三角形的性质求出PD与AB 的关系,然后判断出只有情况③是合适的,再根据等腰直角三角形的性质求出∠APB=45°,然后即可求出∠APB的度数;探究:先根据勾股定理求出AC的长度,根据准外心的定义,分①PB=PC,②PA=PC,③PA=PB三种情况,根据三角形的性质计算即可得解.解答:应用:解:①若PB=PC,连接PB,则∠PCB=∠PBC,∵CD为等边三角形的高,∴AD=BD,∠PCB=30°,∴∠PBD=∠PBC=30°,∴PD=DB=AB,与已知PD=AB矛盾,∴PB≠PC,②若PA=PC,连接PA,同理可得PA≠PC,③若PA=PB,由PD=AB,得PD=BD,∴∠APD=45°,故∠APB=90°;探究:解:∵BC=5,AB=3,∴AC===4,①若PB=PC,设PA=x,则x2+32=(4﹣x)2,∴x=,即PA=,②若PA=PC,则PA=2,③若PA=PB,由图知,在Rt△PAB中,不可能.故PA=2或.点评:本题考查了线段垂直平分线的性质,等腰三角形的性质,勾股定理,读懂题意,弄清楚准外心的定义是解题的关键,根据准外心的定义,要注意分三种情况进行讨论.。
新概念二册测试卷II姓名__________ 用时___________ 分数___________一、听力(10')听录音,选出你所听到的单词( )1. A. nurse B. less C. serious D. six( )2. A. study B. stay C. small D. swim( )3. A. sea B. say C. see D. saw( )4. A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked( )5. A. warm B. winter C. go D. went听对话,选出正确答案( )1. When does the woman get to school?A.At 8:15.B. At 8:30.C. At 9:00.( )2. How long does it take the woman to get home from college?A.One hour.B. 45 minutes.C. Half an hour.( )3. When is Sue free?A.Every morning.B. On Wednesday afternoon.C. On Monday morning.( )4. What is Sue?A.A teacher.B. A waitress.C. A bus driver.二、单选(40')1. 1. . Brian is so kind that he often gives me a _______ when I' m in trouble.A. replyB. seatC. handD. reason2. Would you please _________ the cigarette? It's a "No Smoking" area.A. put upB.put dowmC. put onD. put out3. I ______ him in the competition yesterday.A. biteB. wonC. beatD. beaten4. She didn't like the teacher, so she _______ to answer the question he asked.A. refuseB. refusedC. acceptD. accepted5. It is the New Year's Eve, there are a large _______ of people on the Times Square.A. amountB. manyC. crowdD. deal6. Don't be shy. Just have a _______.A. triedB. trialC. try outD. try7. I'm not allowed __________.A. to smokeB. smokingC. to smokingD. smoke8. It is ________ that he didn't pass the exam.A. shockedB. shockC. shockingD. to shock9. Good work _________ good pay.A. deserveB. deservesC. deservingD. to deserve10.- _________ did he pay for the bill? -$ 20.A. How manyB. HowC. How muchD. How few11. You are _______ if he let you go without a ticket.A. luckyB. luckC. luckilyD. lucked12. Yu Minhong _________ the New Oriental in 1997.A. set outB. set offC. set downD. set up13. I am very busy, so I just go to the cinema _________.A. usuallyB. occasionallyC. oftenD. always14. It is always the same ______ these occasions.A. onB. atC. inD. during15. He __________ a lot when he was a child.A. experienceB. experimentC. experiencedD. experiences16. This house is too expensive. I don't think we can ________ it.A. offerB. affordC. buyD. sell17. It's 11 o'clock in the evening. It's impolite to ________ others at this time.A. interruptB. disturbC. interruptingD. disturbing18. Please remind me of ________ an umbrella, I'm afraid that I will forget.A. takingB. to takeC. takeD. takes19. The firm couldn't pay ______ large salaries.A. soB. a suchC. such aD. such20. "Stop it!" He said _______ a strong voice.A. atB. inC. onD. of三、阅读理解AA stamp tells a story about the country which it comes from. You can find stamps that show almost anything. Some stamps honor special events, places, or people. As people collect these pieces of paper, no one knows how valuable(有价值的)they can become. One stamp from 1893 that celebrates Christopher Columbus is worth thousands of dollars! Stamp collecting has become popular. You can join groups and have a look at other’s stamps.Who decides what is printed on a stamp? Many Americans come up with(提出)ideas for the pictures that go on stamps. They send their ideas to artist(艺术家), business people, and stamp collectors. They pick the best ideas and the Post-master General(首席邮政局长), the head of the Post Office, makes the final decision.Today, stamps have different shapes, sizes, and colours. But they still get your mail where you want it to go, just like long ago. So when you send a letter, remember all the important things that make up that little stamp. ( )1.________can show almost anything of a country.A. StampsB. PlacesC. Colours( )2. The stamp from 1893 is ________.A. redB. expensiveC. cheap( )3. __________decides what is printed on a stamp.A. An artistB. A stamp collectorC. The Postmaster General ( )4. What does the underlined “make up” mean in Chinese?A. 构成B. 补偿C. 销售( )5. From this passage, we can infer(推断)that ___________.A. people don’t like stampsB. stamps aren’t usefulC. stamps show important thingsBThere are many unusual hotels around the world. In Greenland, there is a hotel made out of ice, open between December and April every year. In Turkey, there is a cave hotel with a television, furniture, and a bathroom in each room. And in Bolivia, there is the Salt Palace Hotel.Thousands of years ago, the area around the Salt Palace Hotel was a large lake. But over time, all the water disappeared. Today, the area has only two small lakes and two salt deserts.The large of the two deserts, the Uyuni salt desert, is 12,000 square kilometres. During the day, the street is bright white because of the salt. There are no roads across the Uyuni desert, so local people must show guests the way to the hotel.In the early 1990s, a man named Juan Quesada built the hotel. He cut big blocks of salt from the desert and used the blocks to build it. Everything in the hotel is made out of salt: the walls, the roof(屋顶), the tables, the chairs, the beds, and the hotel’s bar.The sun heats(使变热)the walls and roof during the day. At night the desert is very cold, but the rooms stay warm. The hotel has twelve rooms and a double room costs $60 a night.A sign on the hotel’s wall tells guests, “Please don’t lick(舔)the walls.( )1. What is unusual about the Salt Palace Hotel?A. Its long history.B. The price of the room.C. The guests that stay there.D. What it is made of.( )2. Which sentence about the area around the Salt Palace Hotel is NOT true?A. It was a lake many year ago.B. It is white during the day.C. There are several roads to the hotel.D. It is more than 10,000 square kilometres.( )3. Where did the salt used for the hotel come from?A. The desert.B. A salt factory.C. Turkey.D. The walls of the hotel. ( )4. What keeps the rooms warm at night?A. Heat from the walls.B. The desert air.C. The sun.D. The furniture. ( )5. Things in the hotel were built from salt except ______.A.wallsB. roofsC. furnitureD. doors四、单词拼写(20')1.秘书__________________2. 好笑的___________________3.服从__________________4. 登场,扮演___________________5.港口__________________6. 出发(词组)___________________7.场合__________________ 8. 演出n. ____________________9.紧张__________________ 10. 立刻_____________________五、翻译(10')1.礼尚往来。
lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话First listen and then answer the question.听录音,然后回答以下问题。
Why did the writer complain to the people behind himLast week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The playwas very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a youngwoman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I gotvery angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked atthe man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. Inthe end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 4I can't hear aword!,I said angrily.It,s none of your business, ’the young man said rudely. ‘Thisis a private conversation!'New words and expressions 生词和短语private /'praivit/ adj. 私人的conversation [.anvr'se()n]谈话theatre [⑹tr/]剧场,戏院seat /si:t/ n.座位play /plei/ 戏loudly [ladl]adv大声地angry /'aengri/ adj.生气的angrily /匕6口81m/24丫.生气地attention ['ten()n] 口.注意bear [ber](bore , borne ):n/) v.容忍,小熊business ['bzns]n.事Rudely [ru:dli]adv.无礼地,粗鲁地Notes on the text 课文注释go to the theatre,去看戏got angry生气。
1、(2014重庆市B)—What time do you usually go to school, Jack?—_______ abou t half past seven.A. OnB. InC.AtD. For【答案】C2、(2014聊城)—How soon will his father come back from London?—_______ a week.A. SinceB. InC.AtD. On【答案】B3、(2017 上海2)28.We won! The honor belongs ______ all the member of our team.A. byB. ofC. atD. to【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:我们赢了!荣誉属于我们队的全体队员们。
A. by通过,表方式;B. of ……的,表属性;C. at在……,表方位;D. to属于。
belong to属于,归属,是固定搭配。
故选D。
考点:考查介词辨析。
4、(2017 上海2)29.Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City ____ the airport.A. atB. underC. onD. with【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:Shirley仍然在机场等待飞往纽约的航班。
四个选项都是介词。
A. at (表示位置)在……;B. under在……下面;C. on在……上面D. with和……一起。
at the airport在飞机场,是固定搭配。
故选A。
考点:考查介词辨析。
5、(2015杭州)I _____ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.A.will beB.wasC.have beenD.would be参考答案:C6、(2017 黄石) If you ______ able to come, I will show you around my hometown.A isB can beC will beD are【答案】D【解析】考查时态辨析。
初升高衔接试卷及答案英语试卷名称:初升高衔接英语试卷试卷说明:本试卷旨在帮助学生了解高中英语课程的基本要求,检测学生在初中阶段英语知识掌握情况,并为学生提供进入高中阶段学习英语的衔接。
试卷包含听力、阅读、语法、词汇和写作五个部分。
一、听力部分(共20分)A. 短对话理解(每题1分,共5分)1. What does the man want to buy?A) A cup of coffee. B) A piece of cake. C) A bottle of water.2. When does the meeting start?A) At 3:00 p.m. B) At 4:00 p.m. C) At 5:00 p.m.3. How will the woman go to the library?A) By bus. B) On foot. C) By bike.4. What is the weather like today?A) Sunny. B) Rainy. C) Cloudy.5. What is the man's opinion about the movie?A) It's boring. B) It's interesting. C) It's scary.B. 长对话理解(每题2分,共10分)听下面的对话,回答6-10题。
6. Where are the speakers?A) At a restaurant. B) At a cinema. C) At a bookstore.7. What is the woman's favorite subject?A) Mathematics. B) English. C) History.8. What does the man suggest doing after the exam?A) Going to a party. B) Watching a movie. C) Traveling.9. Why is the woman worried about the exam?A) She hasn't prepared enough. B) She is not good at the subject. C) She is feeling sick.10. What time does the man plan to leave?A) At 8:00 a.m. B) At 9:00 a.m. C) At 10:00 a.m.C. 短文理解(每题2分,共5分)听下面的短文,回答11-15题。
新定义运算、新概念问题【专题思路剖析】“新概念”试题,其设计新颖,构思独特,思维容量大,既能考查学生的阅读、分析、推理、概括等能力,又能考查学生知识迁移的能力和数学素养,同时还兼具了区分选拔的功能,因此越来越受到全国各地命题者的青睐,已经成为了近几年数学中考试题中的一道亮丽风景线。
因对“新概念”试题的研究及突破对教师的教学和学生都具有很高的价值。
新定义运算、新概念问题一般是介绍新定义、新概念,然后利用新定义、新概念解题,,,,回顾检查.“新概念”试题,其设计新颖,构思独特,思维容量大,既能考查学生的阅读、分析、推理、概括等能力,又能考查学生知识迁移的能力和数学素养,同时还兼具了区分选拔的功能,因此越来越受到全国各地命题者的青睐,已经成为了近几年数学中考试题中的一道亮丽风景线。
因对“新概念”试题的研究及突破对教师的教学和学生都具有很高的价值。
【典型例题赏析】 类型1:新定义点例题1:(2015年某某B 第23题10分)如果把一个自然数各数位上数字从最高位到个位依次排出一串数字,与从个位到最高位依次排出的一串数字完全相同,那么我们把这样的自然数叫做 “和谐数”.例如:自然数64746从最高位到个位排出的一串数字是:6、4、7、4、6,从个位到最高排出的一串数字也是:6、4、7、4、6,所64746是“和谐数”.再如:33,181,212,4664,…,都是“和谐数”.(1)请你直接写出3个四位“和谐数”,猜想任意一个四位“和谐数”能否被11整除,并说明理由;[来。
(2) 已知一个能被11整除的三位“和谐数”,设个位上的数字为x(14x ≤≤,x 为自然数),十位上的数字为y ,求y 与x 的函数关系式.【答案】略,能被11整除;y=2x(1≤x ≤4) 【解析】试题分析:根据“和谐数”的定义写出数字,然后设“和谐数”的形式为abcd ,则根据题意得出a=d ,b=c ,然后将这个四位数除以11,将其化成代数式的形式,用a 和b 来表示c 和d ,然后得出答案,进行说明能被11整除;首先设三位“和谐数”为zyx ,根据定义得出x=z ,然后根据同上的方法进行计算. 试题解析:⑴、四位“和谐数”:1221,1331,1111,6666…(答案不唯一) 任意一个四位“和谐数”都能被11整数,理由如下:设任意四位“和谐数”形式为:abcd ,则满足:最高位到个位排列:,,,a b c d 个位到最高位排列:,,,d c b a 由题意,可得两组数据相同,则:,a d b c == 则1000100101000100101001110911011111111abcd a b c d a b b a a ba b +++++++====+为正整数 ∴ 四位“和谐数”abcd 能被11整数 又∵,,,a b c d 为任意自然数, ∴任意四位“和谐数”都可以被11整除考点:新定义题型、代数的应用、一次函数的应用.【变式练习】(2015年某某舟,24,12分)类比等腰三角形的定义,我们定义:有一组邻边相等的凸四边形叫做“等邻边四边形”. (1)概念理解:如图1,在四边形ABCD 中,添加一个条件,使得四边形ABCD 是“等邻边四边形”,请写出你添加的一个条件;(2)问题探究:①小红猜想:对角线互相平分的“等邻边四边形”是菱形,她的猜想正确吗?请说明理由;②如图2,小红画了一个Rt △ABC ,其中∠ABC=90°,AB=2,BC=1,并将Rt △ABC 沿∠B 的平分线'BB 方向平移得到'''A B C ,连结''AA BC ,. 小红要使平移后的四边形''ABC A 是“等邻边四边形”,应平移多少距离(即线段'BB 的长)? (3)应用拓展:如图3,“等邻边四边形”ABCD 中,AB=AD ,∠BAD+∠BCD=90°,AC ,BD 为对角线,2AC =.试探究BC ,CD ,BD 的数量关系.【答案】解:(1)DA AB =(答案不唯一). (2)①正确.理由如下:∵四边形的对角线互相平分,∴这个四边形是平行四边形.∵四边形是“等邻边四边形”,∴这个四边形有一组邻边相等.[中*%国教育^出版#网] ∴这个四边形是菱形.②∵∠ABC=90°,AB=2,BC=1,∴5AC =. ∵将Rt △ABC 平移得到'''A B C ,∴''BB AA =,'AB ∥AB ,''2,''1,''5A B AB B C BC A C AC ====== i )如答图1,当'2AA AB ==时,''2BB AA AB ===; ii )如答图2,当'''5AA A C ==''''5BB AA A C ===;iii )如答图3,当'''5A C BC ==''C B 交AB 于点D ,则''C B AB ⊥.∵'BB 平分ABC ∠,∴01'452ABB ABC ∠==.设'B D BD x ==,则'1,'2C D x BB =+= .在'Rt BC D ∆中,222''BD C D BC +=,∴()22215x x ++=,解得121,2x x==- (不合题意,舍去).∴'22BB x ==.iv )如答图4,当'2BC AB ==时,同ii )方法,设'B D BD x ==, 可得222''BD C D BC +=,即()22212x x ++=,解得12171722x x -+--== .∴142'22BB x -==.综上所述,要使平移后的四边形''ABC A 是“等邻边四边形”,应平移2或5或2或1422-的距离.(3)BC ,CD ,BD 的数量关系为2222BC CD BD +=.如答图5,∵AB AD =,∴将ADC 绕点A 旋转到ABF . ∴ADC ABF ≌.∴,,,ABF ADC BAF DAC AF AC FB CD ∠=∠∠=∠== .∴,1AC ADBAD CAF AF AB ∠=∠==.∴ACF ABD ∽.∴2CF ACBD AB ==.∴2CF BD =∵0360BAD ADC BCD ABC ∠+∠∠+∠=+, ∴()000036036090270ABC ADC BAD BCD ∠+∠=-∠∠=-=+.∴0270ABC ABF ∠+∠=.∴090CBF ∠=.∴()2222222BC CD CF BDBD +===.【考点】新定义;面动平移问题;菱形的判定;全等三角形的判定和性质;相似三角形的判定和性质;等腰直角三角形的判定和性质;多边形内角和定理;勾股定理;分类思想和方程思想的应用. 【分析】(1)根据定义,添加AB BC =或BC CD =或CD DA =或DA AB =即可(答案不唯一). (2)根据定义,分'2AA AB ==,'''5AA A C ==,'''5A C BC ==,'2BC AB ==四种情况讨论即可.(3)由AB AD =,可将ADC 绕点A 旋转到ABF ,构成全等三角形:ADC ABF ≌,从而得到,,,ABF ADC BAF DAC AF AC FB CD ∠=∠∠=∠== ,进而证明ACF ABD ∽得到2CF BD =,通过角的转换,证明090CBF ∠=,根据勾股定理即可得出2222BC CD BD +=.类型2:新定义图形例题1:(2015•某某某某,第24题14分)类比等腰三角形的定义,我们定义:有一组邻边相等的凸四边形叫做“等邻边四边形”. (1)概念理解如图1,在四边形ABCD 中,添加一个条件使得四边形ABCD 是“等邻边四边形”.请写出你添加的一个条件. (2)问题探究①小红猜想:对角线互相平分的“等邻边四边形”是菱形.她的猜想正确吗?请说明理由。
新概念二册(1-20)测试卷III姓名__________ 用时___________ 分数___________一、单选(20’)1. The weather in Hefei is _______ too cold ______ too hot. People like to live there.A.either; orB. both; andC. neither; norD. not only; but also2. -Dear Eric, your room is too dirty. It should _______ right away.A.is cleanedB. be cleanedC. was cleanedD. cleans3. Rose came to Beijing in 2002. She _______ here for eight years.A. was livingB. liveC. will liveD. has lived4. The road ________ last year.A. buildsB. builtC. was builtD. is built5. -Do you know ________ the Capital Museum? --Next Friday.A. when will they visitB. when they will visitC. when did they visitD. when they visited6. When I heard my baby girl say her first word, my heart was _______ with joy.A. filledB. MarkedC. PreparedD. Shown7. -Do you often plant trees in spring? -Yes. Many trees _______ in our school every year.A. plantB. are plantingC. are plantedD. planted8. -What a heavy rain ! –So it is. I prefer _____ at home ______ on such a rainy day.A. watch TV; to go outB. watch TV; go outC. watching TV; to going outD. to watch TV; going out9. -Daniel, your books are in a terrible mess on your desk. -Really sorry. I’ll ______ at once.A. put them awayB. put them outC. put them onD. put them down10. The new library building _______ last week.A. was completedB. is completedC. completedD. has completed11. They had to ______ the 800-metre race because of the bad weather.A. put onB. put offC. get onD. get up12. -Would you mind _______ my little sister while I am away? -Of course not.A. looking forB. looking atC. looking afterD. looking forward to13. The population of the world ______ still ______ now.A. has; grownB. is; growingC. will; growD. is; grown14. -Shall I take you to the shopping mall after work?-No, thanks. My father said he would _______ on his way home.A. look for meB. pick me upC. let me downD. take after me15. Her son ______ Coke, but now he _______ milk.A. used to drink; is used to drinkingB. used to drinking; drinksC. is used to drinking; used to drinkD. is used to drink; is drinking16. The girl is too shy _______ in front of the whole class.A. speaksB. to speakC. not speakD. not to speak17. -Excuse me, could you tell me _____________the book about aliens?-Sure, take the escalator to the second floor.A. where I can buyB. where can I buyC. where can I buyD. when I can buy18. -Can you tell me _________? -By doing more speaking.A. how I can improve my EnglishB. which way can I chooseC. how do I deal with my EnglishD. what’s wrong with my English19. -Do you know __________ the MP4 yesterday? –Sorry, I’ve no idea about it.A. how much did he pay forB. how much he paid forC. he paid for how muchD. he paid how much for20. -Could you tell me__________? He is wanted by the head teacher.-Sorry, I’ve no idea. But he __________here just now.A.where Tim was; wasB. where is Tim; wasB.C. where Tim is; was D. where Tim is; is二、用over, between, along, in front of, behind, 或across 等介词或介词短语填空(5’)21. A lot of birds are flying __ ___ the river.22. The teacher is standing ___ ____ the blackboard.23. I am running __ ____ the Great Wall(长城).24. They are swimming __ __ the river.25. I am sitting ___ ___my brother and my sister.三、用所给单词的适当形式填空(10’):26、He is not very (friend) towards newcomers(新来的).27、She slammed the telephone down (angry).28、It was a sudden (decide)29、She works for that restaurant as a (waiter)30、She is very (exciting) about winning the first prize.31、What have you been done (late).32、We are very (please) with our new house.33、She ( rare) visited her aunt.34、“What do you want?”She asked(rude)35、I had a long (converse) with her the other day(不久前一天).四、词组互译(5’)36、none of your business37、直到现在38、浪费时间39、pay the bill40、对...感兴趣五、阅读理解(20')AI am Steve. I was born and grew up in South Wales. My favourite place to play was out on the hills where my imagination had plenty of space to expand(拓展).My family moved out of Wales when I was thirteen. I went to a new school. One of my subjects was French. Because I had never learned any French, my teacher told me to sit in the corner and write anything I was inter ested in. That’s the time I started writing, just for myself, and I’ve been writing ever since.I have always loved BIG IDEAS, and so I enjoy writing fantastic stories. And I also write horror (恐怖的)stories. I think they are like the old fairytales(童话故事),and can teach you important things.I am in my forties on the outside, twelve on the inside. I like rock music, Indian and Chinese food, and I enjoy drinking. I live in a small village with my wife Mary, ducks, cats, goats, hens and lots of rabbits. If you’d like to find out more about me and hope to buy my books, go to www. sbowkett. freeserve. co. Uk.1. When he was 13, the writer ______.A. wrote lots of poemsB. moved out of WalesC. sold many story booksD. became a famous singer2. He liked playing out on the hills because he could ______.A. expand his imaginationB. learn FrenchC. listen to storiesD. buy some books3. Maybe the writer is ______ years old now.A. 12B. 22C. 32D. 424. According to the passage, the writer keeps ______.A. cats, hens and pigsB. ducks, goats and rabbitsC. hens, rabbits and dogsD. rabbits, pigs and cats5. From the passage, we can learn that the writer ______.A.lives in a big city with his sonB. likes eating Japanes andC. lives in the countryside with his wifeD. introduces a nice book to usBA man came home from work late, tired, to find his 5-year-old son waiting for him at the door.“Daddy, how much money do you make an hour?”“If you must know, I make $20 an hour,”“Oh,” the little boy replied, with his head down. He thought for a moment, looked up and said, “Daddy, could you lend me $10?”The father was furious, “If you asked for the money to buy a toy or some other rubbish, then go straight to your room and think about why you are being so selfish(自私的)!”The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door. After about an hour or so, the father calmed(平静)down, and started to think, “Maybe he really needs to buy something and he didn’t really ask for money very often.” So he went to the little boy’s room.“Sorry! Maybe I was too hard on you just now.” said the man, “Here’s $10.”“Oh, thank you, Daddy!” he said happily. Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.“Why do you want more money since you already have some?” the father shouted angrily.“Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do.” the little boy replied, “Daddy, I have $20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.”6. How much does the boy’s father make an hour? ______.A. $10B. $20C. $30D. $407. In this passage, the underlined word “furious” means ______.A. very angryB. quite happyC. too excitedD. a little nervous8. At first, the father refused to lend the boy any money because ______.A. he thought the boy wanted to keep the money for himselfB. he did not have enough money at that momentC. he thought the boy would buy something of no useD. the boy always borrowed money from him9. The boy wanted to buy ______ with twenty dollars.A. a new book for himselfB. a nice present for his fatherC. a toy for his own birthdayD. an hour of his father’s time10. From the passage, we can infer(推断)that the boy’s father ______.A. often played with his sonB. spent little time with his sonC. didn’t love his son at allD. often came back home earlyCMany Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school.But American schools also have their rules.If the students break the rules they will get punishment,too.On the first day of a new term,128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes.There are altogether 1200 students in the school.Usually only 20 students break the school dress rule every day.So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen.At Morton High School,students’ favorite clothing such as baggy(宽大的) trousers,low-necked shirts and tank tops(紧身短背心) are not allowed in classrooms.Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear,but the headmaster doesn’t think so.“I’d be supportive if half the school was sent home,because 99% will get the message that our school are for education.”“Freedom”does not mean“free of restrictions(约束)”.That is to say there is no total freedom in the world no matter in the US or in China.6.Many Chinese students think that ________.A.American students are very free at school B.American students are not so clever as them C.American students don’t love their school at all7.128 students of Morton High School were sent home for ________.A.not finishing their homework B.being late for school C.not wearing the right clothes8.Some students in Morton High School think that they have the right to ________.A.decide when to go to school B.choose what to wear C.eat and drink in class9.What does the underlined word“supportive”mean in Chinese?A.高兴的B.支持的C.害怕的10.What’s the writer’s attitude(态度) to the school dress rule?A.Agree.B.Disagree(不同意).C.Not sure.六、单词拼写(10')1.抱怨__________________2. 放弃___________________3.匆忙的__________________4. 售完___________________5.付账__________________6. 长大___________________7.尽管__________________ 8. 注意____________________9.除了...以外__________________ 10. 维持秩序_____________________七、翻译(15')1.礼尚往来。