【全国百强校】四川省绵阳中学2019届高三英语复习素材：定语从句的简化规则

2019届高考英语二轮往届真题回顾：定语从句（含答案解析）定语从句——使先行词更准确1．(2018·北京，27)Many countries are now setting up nationa l parks________animals and plants can be protected.A．when B．which C．whose D．where解析考查定语从句。

定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词，先行词指地点，故选where。

答案D[:2．(2018·福建，27)The book tells stories of the earthquake t hrough the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.A．whose B．that C．who D． which[:解析考查定语从句。

其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。

答案 A3．(2018·湖南，21)Happiness and success often come to those________are good at recognizing their own strengths.A．whom B．who C．what D．which解析考查定语从句。

先行词为those，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。

答案 B4．(2018·江苏，22)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A．where B．whi ch C．what D．when解析考查定语从句。

先行词为passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。

2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习讲义定语从句定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。

2，代替先行词。

3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。

一般whom作为宾语。

4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

主要由形容词担任。

此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

（一）限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。

2而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。

高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句下面就是小编给大家带来的高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句，希望能帮助到大家!高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用，修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。

3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where。

易错点2 关系代词who、whom、whose的误用对于定语从句关系词的考查，首先要确定从句是什么类型的从句，然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分，最后选择正确的词。

要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力，和理解能力。

如果缺少主宾表，要用that或which，缺少状语用关系副词when，where，why，缺少定语用whose。

易错点3 关系代词that和which的误用只用which，不能用that的情况(1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成"介词+关系代词"结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用which.如：☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。

这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。

注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that，如：☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。

(2) 先行词为"those+表事物的复数名词"时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that。

如：☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。

四川绵阳中学2019高三9月抽考-英语（含解析）英语 (120分钟)第一卷〔选择题共100分〕第一部分语法和词汇知识〔共20小题；每题1分，总分值20分〕1. Not everyone has realized what_______ important part the balance of________nature plays in their life.A、an；theB、/；theC、an；/D、the；/2. Why didn’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too ill togo on working?A. itB. youC. himD. that3. One of our rules is that every student_______ wear school uniform whileat school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will4. Jack packed all the things into a case, ____________.A. being anxiously to leaveB. to be anxious toleaveC. anxious to leaveD. be anxiousto leave5. -----What should I wear to attend his wedding party?-----Wear ________ you like.A. whatB. howeverC. whateverD. how6. We all know that, , the situation will get worse.A. not if dealt carefully withB. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully withD. not if carefully dealt with7. Fully _______ to looking after three children at home, she no longerhas time to enjoy various activities in the club.A. attachedB. occupiedC. contributedD. devoted8. My friend Shelly is ________ stupid. However, she is pretty smart.A. much tooB. more thatC. far fromD. less than9. The boy knocked down by the car stood up all by himself, ________ unhurt.A. apparentlyB. doubtfullyC. unfortunatelyD. generally10. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ________for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. wentfinished11. -----What’s wrong with Jenny?-----A call from her mother _______ an attack of homesickness.A. sent outB. set outC. set offD. sent off12. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _____ sucha beautiful palace.A. can you findB. you could findC. you canfind D. could you find13. John’s ability to learn from observations and experience _______greatly to his success in public life.A. owedB. attachedC. relatedD. contributed14、It was _____ he came back from Africa _______ he met the girl he wouldlike to marry.A. when; thenB. not; untilC. not until; thatD. only;when15. When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but bythe time we up, her voice had been full of life.A. were hangingB. had hungC. hungD. would hang16. ---- ______ busy schoolwork, the children also have to take arts, musicand sports classes in their free time.---- I wonder what they will become.A. Rather thanB. Owing toC. Except forD. Apartfrom17. Mother asked to take more money_______ something unexpected shouldhappen.A. in caseB. so thatC. in order thatD. when18.________the temperature might drop，coal was prepared for warming.A、To considerB、ConsideredC、ConsideringD、To be considered19. The Chinese government insists that the Huangyan Island _____ partof China and insists the Philippine government ______ the arrestedChinese fishermen free.A. should be, setB. is; should setC. be; setsD. is;sets20.— I see you got a “D” in biology. _______?— Well, I found that subject hard. I think I’ll drop it.A. How are youB. How comeC. So whatD. Why not第二部分完形填空〔共20小题；每题1.5分，总分值30分〕This is my third story. When I was 17，I read a quote that 21 like，“If you live each day 22 it was your last，someday you'll most certainly be right.” Since then，for the past thirty-three years，I've looked 23 the mirror every morning and asked myself：“If today were the last day of my life，would I want to do what I am about to do today？”And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a 24 ，I know I need to change something.About a year ago I was 25 with cancer. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable，and that I should 26 to live no longer than three to six months. They advised me to go home and get my 27 in order，which is doctors' code for “prepare to 28 ”.Later that evening when the doctors 29 the cells taken from my pancreas(胰腺)under a microscope，they started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is 30 with surgery.I had the surgery and， 31 ，I'm fine now.This was the closest I've been to facing death，and I hope it's the closestI get for a few more decades. Death is the 32 we all share. No one has33 escaped it. And that is 34 it should be，because death is very likely the single 35 invention of life. It's life's change agent. It clears out the old to make 36 for the new. Your time is 37 ，so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma(信条)—whichis living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noiseof 38 opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most importantly，have the courage to 39 your heart and intuition(直觉). They 40 already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.21.A. said B. described C. went D. expressed22.A. unless B. as if C.even if D. as long as23.A. in B. at C. throughD. on24.A. row B. minute C. sense D. word25.A. connected B. infected C. affected D. diagnosed26.A. want B. dream C. expect D. imagine27.A. duties B. businesses C. affairs D. life28.A. work B. start C. talk D. die29.A. looked B. viewed C. realized D. noticed30.A. curable B. possible C. acceptable D. suitable31.A. carefully B. thankfully C. anxiously D. hopefully32.A. possession B. destination C. expectationD. position33.A. ever B. even C. never D.still34.A. when B. while C. as D. since35A. better B. worst C. worse D. bestA. useB. differenceC. senseD. wayA. endlessB. repeatedC. countlessD. limitedA. others'B. othersC. anyone'sD.some othersA. listenB. followC. takeD. acceptA. howeverB. whateverC. somehowD. somewhat第三部分阅读理解〔共两节，总分值50分〕第一节〔共20小题；每题2分，总分值40分〕AIt was the afternoon of December 24, the day before Christmas; and as the newest doctor in our office, I had to work. The only thing that brightened my day was the beautifully decorated Christmas tree in our waiting room and a gift sent to me by a fellow I was dating- a dozen long-stemmed red roses.As I was cleaning my office, our receptionist came and said there was a lady in the front office that urgently needed to speak with me. As I stepped out, I noticed a young, tired-looking woman with a baby in her arms. Nervously, she explained that her husband-a prisoner in a nearby prison-was my next patient. The guards were scheduled to bring him to the office that afternoon. She told me she wasn’t allowed to visit her husband in prison and that he had never seen his son. Her request was for me to let the boy’s father sit in the waiting room with her as long as possible before I called him for his appointment. Since my schedule wasn’t full, I agreed. After all, it was Christmas Eve.A short time later, her husband arrived-with chains on his feet and hands, and two armed guards as bodyguards. The woman’s tired face lit up like our little Christmas tree when her husband took a seat beside her.I kept glancing out to watch them laugh, cry and share their child. After almost an hour, I called the prisoner back to my office. While I worked, the guards stood just outside my door. The patient seemed like a gentle and modest man. I wondered what he possibly could have done to be held under such conditions. I tried to make him as comfortable as possible.At the end of the appointment, I wished him a Merry Christmas-a difficult thing to say to a man headed back to prison. He smiled and thanked me. He also said he felt saddened by the fact he hadn’t been able to get his wife anything for Christmas. On hearing this, I was inspired with a wonderful idea.I’ll never forget the look on both their faces as the prisoner gave his wife the beautiful, long-stemmed roses. I’m not sure who experienced the most joy-the husband in giving, the wife in receiving, or myself in having the opportunity to share in this special moment.41、What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A、The writer was a newcomer to her office.B、A fellow sent her a dozen red roses as Christmas present.C、She was in low spirits because she had to work before Christmas.D、She was at work with a light heart.42、The young woman came to the writer’s office for the purposeof .A、having her baby examinedB、giving her husband a chance to make his escapeC、having her husband examinedD、getting a chance for her family to get together43、The underlined part in paragraph 3 most probably means “”.A、to be sent to hospitalB、to be separated from his familyC、to be comfortableD、to become a prisoner44、What does the writer learn from the story?A、The wife experienced the most joy in receiving.B、An act of kindness can mean a lot.C、The prisoner was treated with mercy.D、Whoever breaks the law shall be punished.BNext time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation〔感觉〕of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.Psychologists have known that one person’s perception〔感知〕of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother”carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses〔假设〕, handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.45. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by________.A. the visitors to his officeB. the psychology lessons he hasC. his physical feeling of coldnessD. the things he has bought online46. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ________.A. adults should develop social skillsB. babies need warm physical contactC. caregivers should be healthy adultsD. monkeys have social relationships47. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ________.A. evaluate someone’s personalityB. write down their hypothesesC. fill out a personal information formD. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively48. 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Peopledonotspendagreatdealoftimeshoppingforsuchconvenienceitemsasgroc eries,newspapers,toothpaste,aspirin,andcandy.Thebuyingofconveniencego odsmaybedoneroutinely,assomefamiliesbuygroceriesonceaweek.Suchregular lypurchaseditemsarecalledstaples.Sometimesconvenienceproductsareboughtwithoutenoughthinking;someonehasasuddendesireforanicecreamsundae(圣代)onahotday.Ortheymaybepurchasedasemergencyitems. Shoppinggoodsareitemsforwhichcustomerssearch.Theycompareprices,qualit y,andstyles,andmayvisitanumberofstoresbeforemakingadecision.Buyingana utomobileisoftendonethisway.Shoppinggoodsfallintotwoclasses;thosethatarerecognizedasbasicallythes ameandthosethatareregardedasdifferent.Itemsthatarelookeduponasbasical lythesameincludesuchthingsashomeappliances,televisionsets,andautomobi les.Havingdecidedonthemodeldesired,thecustomerisprimarilyinterestedin gettingtheitematthemostfavorableprice.Itemsregardedasessentiallydiffe rentincludeclothing,furniture,anddishes.Quality,styleandfashionwillei thertakeprecedence(优先)overprice,ortheywillnotmatteratall.53.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A.awriterneedsawordprocessorB.needsandwantscan’tbeseparatedclearlyC.thewaytodistinguishtheproductsisunimportantD.acomputerisaneedratherthanawant54.Theexampleofwineisusedtoshowthat______.A.goodsareclassifieddifferentlyindifferentcountriesB.thetypesoftheproductlieonthepeopleratherthanitsnatureC.FrenchmenoftendrinkbutAmericanssometimesdoD.oneproductmaybelongtomanytypes55.Staplesareitemsthat______.A.areconvenienttopurchaseB.arepurchasedwithoutenoughthinkingC.people“wantbutdon’tneed”D.peopleareinconstantneedof56.Shoppinggoodsthatareconsideredasbasicallythesamearethosethat______ .A.consumersdon’tcarewheretobuythemB.consumersspendmuchtimesearchingforC.satisfysimilarneedsoftheconsumerD.canbefoundinnearlyeveryshopE“ONLYACOKEWILLDO”“Wedon’tnecessarilybelievethatnewadvertising,whichmightmakeconsumersfeelbett erabouttheCokebrandorbetterabouttheadsthemselves,willactuallyresultin consumersconsumingmoreoftheproduct,”MorganStanley’sBillPecoriellowroteinaresearchnotethedaysaftertheinvestor(投资者)meeting.ButCokeisoptimisticitcanregainitsoldmagic,andisbankingonan ewslogan:“WelcometotheCokesideoflife.”BREAKTHROUGHHIT?WithPepsiCoabouttosurpass〔超越〕CokeasthebeveragekingonWallStreet —Pepsi’smarketcapitalizationhassoaredinrecentyearsto$97.9billion,puttingitlessthanabilliondollarsbehinditsrival—theheatisonCoke.It’ssettolaunchanewmarketingcampaigninMarch,2006.Andhavingtakenaquickloo katCoke’sinvestorpresentationonDec.7inNewYork,mysenseisthatCokemaybemovingint herightdirection.Giventhecontinuedshiftbyconsumersawayfromsoda—Coke’sstronghold—andintoalternativebeverageslikejuice,tea,andwater,Cokebadlyneedsabrea kthroughhit.Andgiventhatshiftawayfromsoda,someanalyistswonderwhethere venthecatchiestnewadswillbeenoughtoputthefizzbackintoCoke.SAMEOLD,UPDATED？ThenewflavorsofPowerAdesportsdrinkwillprobablyenableCoketocontinueste alingmarketsharefromPepsiCo’sGatoradebrand.AndCokeisgettingalittlemorecreativewithpackaging,inclu dingnew,aluminumbottlesofCokethatwillbesoldinnightclubs,andan8.4-ounc e“100calorie”versionofitsflagshipCokethatwillappealtowomenwhowantfewercaloriesandw illlikethefactthatthesmallcanwillfitintheirpurse.Idoubtwhetherotherne wproductswillbesuccessful,includinganewcoffee-flavoredsodacalledCoke-ColaBlackthatItried.Thinkcarbonatedcoffee.ButI’mnotsureiftheproduct,whichCokeispitchingasanafternoonpick-me-upforthe 35-and-overset,isgoingtopullpeopleawayfromtheirafternoonFrappucinofix .AndmyopinionisthatVault,anorange-flavoredenergydrink,willhavejustasm uchtroubleunseatingMountainDewamongteensasdidCoke’slastattempt,aproductcalledSurge.IfthereisoneconcernIhaveaboutthefreshofferingsCokeplanstolaunchth isyear,itappearsthatmanyofthemaresimplynewbrands,notnewproducts.57.Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat.A.CokemainlydependsonnewproductsrecentlyB.NowadaysCokeiscomparativelylesspopularC.PepsiCohastakentheplaceofCokeD.Cokehasfewnewbrands58.Theunderlinedword“soared”means.A.achievedB.droppedC.increasedD.failed59.Whenthemiddle-agedpeoplefeeltired,whatwouldtheyprefertodrinkinordertocontinuetheirwork?A.Vault.B.Surge.C.Coke-ColaBlake.D.Frappucino.60.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TroublesinCokeCompanyB.TheImportanceofNewAdvertisementsC.VarietiesofNewProductsD.TheRelationshipbetweenCokeandPepsi第二节补全对话。

高考语法复习总结：定语从句定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分，高考语法复习四：定语从句。

She is the girl who sings best of all.The comrade with whom I came knows French.3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when，why。

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

I was the only person in our office who was invited.2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。

形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。

1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。

There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

高中英语语法个人复习总结：定语从句定语从句The Attributive Clause(介词preposition、关系代词relative pronoun、关系副词relative adverb)定语从句: 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面，定语从句可以由关系代词that、which、who(宾格whom、所有格whose)和关系副词where、when、why引导；关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，关系副词在定语从句中作状语，它们在复合句中起连接主从句的作用。

一、关系词的选用1、当先行词是人时，用关系代词who、whom、that引导定语从句，如：The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday isfrom Canada.(作从句主语，不能省略)The person (who/whom/that) you just talked to is Mr. Green.(作从句宾语，可以省略)2、当先行词是物时，用关系代词which、that引导定语从句，如：They planted the trees which/that didn’t need much water.(作从句主语，不能省略)The fish (which/that) we bought were not fresh. (作从句宾语，可以省略)3、当从句主语与先行词（可以是人也可以是物）存在从属关系时，用关系代词whoseI know the boy whose article is very good.I live in a house whose windows face the south.4、当先行词是时间时，用关系副词when( = at that time)来引导I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.5、当先行词是地点时，用关系副词where( = at that place)来引导The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.6、当先行词为reason时,用关系副词why来引导，如：He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school.7、先行词为地点、时间时，选用关系代词或关系副词，要看它在从句中作何种成分，如：This is the house where I lived(vi.不及物动词) last year.(在从句中作状语)This is the house which was built(vt.及物动词) last year.(在从句中作主语)Now it is autumn when we held a sports meet.(作状语)Now it is autumn which is the third season of the year.(which在定语从句中作主语应该使用关系代词which或that)二、介词的提前如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词，它所接的介词可以放在从句中相关动词的后面，也可以把它提到关系代词的前面，此时，先行词为人时介词后面用关系代词whom,先行词为物时，介词后用关系代词which,即：介词 + 关系代词（是人时用whom,是物时用which）I know the man (who/whom/that) Jim is talking to.= I know the man to whom Jim is talking.This is the room (which/that) I used to live in.= This is the room in which I used to live.三、介词的确定“介词+ 关系代词（whom、which）”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：1、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词The man to whom I spoke is my teacher.(speak to)The west lake,for which Hangzhou is famous,is abeautiful place.(be famous for)2、根据先行词来确定介词I never forgot the days durig which we lived and workedtogether.(during the days)3、根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词Air,without which man can’t live,is really important.但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如：take care of、look for、look after等。

高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解（附同步练习）★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。

★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

也可以称作引导词。

①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。

②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。

（一）. 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。

2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。

3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。

4. that以上三种情况均可用that。

指人或指物，可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。

（二）. 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系，表示“某人的”或“某物的”。

高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解（附同步练习）★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。

★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

也可以称作引导词。

①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。

②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。

（一）. 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。

2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。

3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。

4. that以上三种情况均可用that。

指人或指物，可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。

（二）. 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系，表示“某人的”或“某物的”。

四川2019高考英语(单项选择易错题)（详解解析）1.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset---____hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing.【错解分析】典型错误D错因分析:此题迷惑项为D,这是犯了Chinglish之错.【解题指导】what只能用动名词短语Losinghernewbicycle来代替.答案B为过去分词不作主语,答案A不构成主语从句.假设将答语补充完整,全句为LosinghernewbicyclemadeMarysoupset.因此缺少主语,正确答案为C.【答案】此题的正确选项为C..2.—WhatshouldIdowiththetext?—_____thetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.A.FindingoutB.FoundoutC.FindoutD.Tofindout【错解分析】此题极易误选A.认为是动名词短语作do的宾语.【解题指导】.此题属于承前省略补全句子应为Youshouldfindoutthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.因此应选C【答案】C3.Whodidtheteacherhave___anarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnowA.writtenB.writingC.writeD.towrite【错解分析】典型错误A错因分析：受havedone的影响而误选.【解题指导】此处所用句型为havesb.dosth不妨把who换为Tom,利用还原句子结构的方法变为肯定句:TheteacherhadTomwriteanarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnow.答案应选C.【答案】此题的正确选项为C.4.Isthisfactory______youvisitedtheotherday？A.theoneB.thatC.whereD.when【错解分析】此题容易误选B，这是由于没有把句子还原正确而选了B。

同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词tha t引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用wheth er,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。

常见的先行名词有：fact,idea,belief,news,h ope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。

如：She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.The news came that their team had won the championship.◀名词性从句的用法及定义▶1．that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。

It worried her a bit that her hair was turnin g gray.她的头发正在变白，这使她很不安。

that引导主语从句，it作形式主语，that不能省略。

That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知，她是个富有的女人。

这是th at 引导主语从句，that 不能省略。

这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型。

2．从句作主语时，多数情况下由it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面，尤其是谓语部分（包括宾语）较短的情况下。

例①It wasn’t very clear wha t she meant. 不清楚她是什么意思。

②It is important that he should come on time. 他按时来是很重要的。

③It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here. 左边那个人是本地的一位著名作家，这是真的。

定语从句用法详解英语句子中用来修饰名词、代词或句子的从句叫做定语从句。

定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，因此也被称为形容词性从句，它可以用来修饰一个名词或代词，也可用来修饰句子中的某个短语，甚至整个句子。

1.被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。

2.引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，它包括关系代词和关系副词两种。

I 定语从句中关系词的分类及用法关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且作从句中的一个成分。

II定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和间隔式定语从句。

1.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制与确定的作用，若去掉它，先行词便不能明确表示其所指对象，因此，限制性定语从句和它的先行词所指意义有着不可分割的联系，不能用逗号与先行词隔开。

1）He has two sons who work in the same company.他有两个在同一家公司工作的儿子。

2）I'll never forget the day when we first met each other.我将永远忘不了我们初次见面的那一天。

3）This is the factory where/in which I worked ten years ago.这是我十年前工作过的工厂。

2.非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句对先行词或主句起补充说明的作用，即使省去也不影响主句的语义完整性。

非限制性定语从句与先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔开。

Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed for two years.昨天吉米动身到加拿大去了，他曾在那儿呆过两年。

We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from America.我们有三个外教，其中两个来自美国。

2019年高考英语基础知识复习-定语从句一、定语从句1. 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关联词。

2. 定语从句在选择关连词that 与which 时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that，什么时候只能用which.(1).只能用that 的情况归纳4 种：即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过;先行词为all 、everything、nothing 等不定代词;先行词同时是人和物并列时;最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰。

请看下列四组例句，注意其先行词：①.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan .②.I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson .③.Later my father and Mr.Crosset talked for about half an four of things and persons that they remembered in school.④.This is the very dictionary that I want to find .(2).只用which is 情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which;二是做介词宾语时只能用which。

请看下列两组例句：I said nothing , which made him more angry .I have the book about which you are talking .三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。

在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：1、通常As 可以放在整句的句首，而which，只能在逗号之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.She is remarkable, as I have told you .2、which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：she has warried again,which surprises us .四、在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清all that 和what,what 实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于all that 两个字，例如：All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.注：先行词是time, minute, moment, next tim 很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。

高考英语定语从句语法讲解(名师剖析高考英语必考知识点，建议下载)在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that 等。

它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

A．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。

What was the name of the man who lent you the money借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man）He who laughs lst laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。

（定语从句修饰先行词he）The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。

（定语从句修饰先行词the c hairman）B．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。

在口语或非正式文体中，whom 可省略或可用w ho 来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。

There are some people (whomwho)we like and others (whomwho) we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。

（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others）The people whomwho I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。

（定语从句修饰先行词the people）Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。

定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。

定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

→限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。

引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。

who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which 用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。

关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。

如：The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to oth er peo ple.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother 1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。

如：That is all that I've heard from him.He's the fir st person that I'm going to interview thi s afternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。

关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。

高考英语绵阳定语从句知识点全集汇编含答案一、选择题1．Car races are recorded and uploaded to YouTube and other video platforms, ______________ they can be viewed repeatedly.A．which B．where C．when D．there2．The past decades have witnessed China’s many scientific achievements, _____ the development of Shenwei supercomputers is a typical example.A．to which B．for which C．at which D．of which3．They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected.A．that B．whichC．it D．what4．The middle and high school period is a special one for children, a transition from children to adult, ______ children tend to be rebellious (反抗的).A．when B．where C．that D．of which 5．—How did you find your way here？—It was by following the travel brochure _____ the route is clearly clarified.A．that B．how C．where D．which6．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky.A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which7．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it.A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 8．All of us were so excited at the news ____we’ll go abroad for holidays ___we jumped with joy. A．that; that B．what; and then C．what; that D．which; so9．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect. A．as B．that C．where D．when 10．Detectives are investigating the company, three of ________ senior executives have already been under arrest.A．its B．which C．those D．whose11．I saw a man shouting at a driver, ________ the car is blocking the street.A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．whom12．The reason ________ he didn’t come to school on time is ________ he had to take care of his sick brother at home.A．That; because B．that; that C．why; because D．why; that13．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship.A．when B．where C．before D．until14．What surprised me was not what he said but the way _______ he said it.A．that B．in thatC．what D．where15．(2014·江西)It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watchthe football game.A．that B．asC．which D．when16．Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which17．The commander got a chance to visit the mountain_____ top was covered with thicksnow ,____ he had been dreaming of for years.A．that; which B．whose ; which C．of which ; what D．of whom ;that 18．I shall never forget those years _______ I spent on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.A．when; who B．that; which C．which; that D．when; which 19．Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything _______makes a man".A．that B．which C．who D．不填20．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _______are family members. A．who B．which C．whom D．what21．During the holiday I bought a CD player, _____ was rather reasonable.A．its price B．of which priceC．the prices of which D．whose price22．The tower, _________ was destroyed in the terrible storm, has been repaired.A．the roof B．which roof C．its roof D．the roof of which 23．Life is like a long race _______ we compete with each other to go beyond ourselves. A．where B．which C．that D．what24．This is the last factory ________ he used to work at, many workers of _______ still have a good relationship with him.A．/; it B．which; whom C．/; which D．which; that 25．The man took out a knife and made a mark ____ his sword was dropped, confusing the passengers on board.A．from where B．what C．on which D．where【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。