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Unit 1Task5(page8)1.A student and professional may spend plenty of time reporting the resuits of their research projects when they present them to teachers,managers and clients.Actually,one would be faced with many difficulties in study and on the job without the necessary research skills as well as the ability to show the results with clarity and completeness.2.In this part the basic rule one has to follow is to offer the entire set of data relevant to the research question raised at the beginning.If one tends to hide findings which,to some extent, cannot support his hypothesis,such dishonest behavior is not welcome in research reporting in any field.3.Little importance is attached to a lively style;however,it is acceptable to write interestingly.The essential qualities for professional communication should include accuracy,clarity,and complet enessTask4 (p26~27)2.Tourism has been affected negatively by the rise of expense in air travel to scenic spots like Ha waii.3.Studies show that people with particular blood types are more likely to be infected by some dis eases.However,there is no sure correlation between blood types and people's characters.4.The practice of identifying the sex of the unborn baby in the womb,and then terminating the baby girl if it is not wanted,is made possible in some traditional societies by ultrasound equipme nt due to its portability and low price.5.In2011,Africa ranked No.2in the cellular phone market,next to Asia.This year saw the swift development of Africa’s cellular network in size and quality to satisfy the600million user's needs.6.The shortage of fresh water is caused by population explosion,pollution,climate change,inade quate sewage disposal and rising sea levels.in the long run,crises,even wars,may arise as peopl e fight over the availability of fresh water supplies which are essential to them.Task 5 (P27)Question 2In explaining how faculty and administrators should deal with academic dishonesty,Eastman,Iyer and Reisenwitz(2008)suggest that three aspects of academic dishonesty be taken into considera tion,including factors influencing academic dishonesty,differentiation between plagiarism and cheating,and student’s view that certain types of academic dishonesty are more unethical than others.Question 3Van Merrienboer(1997)points out the transition in the field of instructional design from"instruc tivist"approaches to"constructivist"approaches in the last ten years,with the former expressing t he idea that the knowledge is to represent the real world,and thus determines the meaning whic h is external to the understanders.Question 4Reigeluth(1999)explains the instructional design theory as at least consisting of two parts:meth ods for promoting human learning and development,and in what situations the methods can or c annot be employed.Question 5Heimlich(1992)makes it clear that interest in the environment,the source of both materials and refuge for the human spirit,is not a new field for it is important to the growth and development of mankind.Recently,the concern for protecting the environment shows peoplés demand for improving their life and supplementing resources.Heimlich further points out that t he difference between the decades prior to the1960s and now is much greater attention has bee n attached to the environment.Question 6Gredler(2001) holds that four important ingredients in teaching pigeons to play ping-pong and to bowl are associated with complex skills development in the classroom. They are bringing about response, encouraging delicate improvement, budgeting the time so that the reinforcements in responses can be increased and the reinforcers sticks to their behavior.。
《学术英语(综合)》书本答案以下答案对书本习题中类似于“Do you(think/agree)”“give a presentation”等的部分问题进行了省略。
Unit1EconomicsText A:Lead-in:omittedCritical reading and thinking:Task1:Body:Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of“the invisible hand”End:Echo the beginning,emphasizing we should be grateful to the miracle on this Thanksgiving Day and every dayTask2:1.It is not difficult at all to explain why grocery stores stock up on turkey before Thanksgiving.There seemsto be no miracle in it.2.The use of so many“and’s”helps to emphasize that a series of actions and all kinds of work are involved inthe sale of Thanksgiving turkey.3.Here“from above”means“from God”.The phrase is used to show that there is something wondrous andalmost inexplicable in the social order of freedom.Task3:Market has its own way of punishing business malpractice.For example,if a fast food chain sells contaminated food,nation-wide demand for their food will go down,along with their profit.When a company sells defective products,they have to deal with liability costs.Language building-up:Task1:1．1．饲料经销商；饲料批发商2．为他自己的收益而工作3．技能与劳动力4．制造塑料5．私人交易6．包装并定价7．无形之手2．1.pricedbor3.transactions4.gainbor;manufactured6.the invisible hand7.distributorTask2:1.Today,in millions of homes across the nation,God will be thanked for many gifts,for the feast on thetable and the company of loved ones,for health and good fortune in the year gone by,for peace privilege of having been born—or having become—American.(Line2,Para.1)2.And yet,isn't there something wondrous—something almost inexplicable—in the way your Thanksgivingweekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers?(Line1,Para.4)3.…Thanksgiving Turkey,there would be one—or more likely,a few dozen—waiting.(Line3,Para.6) Task3:1.very many2.buying or selling3.a large group of4.more huge5.understand6.troubledText B:Critical reading and thinking:Task1:1.Considering that her boyfriend doesn’t even bother to choose a gift for her,the girl concludes that hedoesn’t love her.Therefore,she breaks off the relationship.In the case where the strength of affection is most in question,people care a lot about what is given as a gift.2.The following is one more example where the signaling theory can be applied:In the job market,anemployer may not know whether a candidate is qualified for a post or not.Very often,the candidate will show the employer education credentials,which can be used as a signal to the employer.Thus the information gap is narrowed.Task2:(以下所有表格题若未说明，顺序皆为从上到下，从左到右)Internet browser;Windows operating system;deter;entering the market and offering new products;cars today include many built-in products;monopoly;80;reliable;easier to use;severely limited;changing;competitors;low;Researching:The U.S.economy is a free market economy with some government regulation ad there has been a lasting debate about how much government regulation is necessary.Those who argue for less regulation claim that the free market itself will require business to protect consumers and provide good products or services and the interference from the government can do nothing but increase the cost of doing corporations are not concerned about the public’s interest,so regulation is indispensable.Interestingly, Adam Smith himself believed that government had an important role to play in economic life.For example, he believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights.Text C:Task:每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。
Unit 4 Body LanguageⅠ．词块记单词1．in our interactions with other people 在我们与别人的互动中2．witness another person nodding 当场看到另一个人点头3．interpret it as a sign of weakness 视为软弱的表现4．favour shaking hands 宁愿选择握手5．bow from the waist 弯身弓腰鞠躬6．break down barriers 打破障碍7．at the trial 在审判中8．make assessments 评价9．reveal the situation and messages 揭露情况和信息10．clarify any misunderstandings or different answers澄清任何误解或不同的答案11．lower one's head 低下头12．occupy much space 占用大量空间13．stare out of the window 凝视窗外14．distinguish from ...区别于……15．experience anxiety 经历焦虑16．be ashamed of 对……感到惭愧17．bother to brush one's hair 懒得梳头18．have serious conflicts with other students 与其他学生发生严重冲突Ⅱ．语境记单词1．You can rely on him to help you solve the problem because he is such a reliable person．(rely)2．Educators are devoted to making research in order to ensure students living in any area can receive good education．(educate)3．The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped he could get on well with her employees．(employ)4．The desks and chairs are adjustable and you can adjust them to the height of the students．The adjustment is not difficult to make．(adjust)5．The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely．(tend)6．His plan was approved, and the approval won him many approving glances．(approve)7．From their appearance, we cannot tell the differences between the twins, but the ways they walk are different．And they also differ in their voices．(differ) 8．How will your father react to the news? I would like to know his reaction．(react) 9．What you did was embarrassing, making the guest so embarrassed and it also embarrassed me．(embarrass)10．There are various goods in the new supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars．The variety of them attracts many customers．(vary)Ⅲ．语境记短语1．He was more than usually depressed by problems at work (有某种影响)．2．Getting young people together will help to break down (消除) barriers between them．3．Every time I call on (访问) her, she is always busy writing essays．4．By comparison (相比较) with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high．5．As a result, people could make inferences (推断) about who was participating in the virtual conversation．6．In autumn and spring, by contrast (相比之下), children usually grow up fast．7．Five people make up the team; in other words (换句话说), the team is made up of five people．8．It is hard to see how people will get through (度过) this winter．9．I don't think anyone is really in favour of (赞成) these changes．10．From ingrained (根深蒂固的) habit he paused to straighten up (整理) the bed．Ⅳ．公式练句型1．(2022·全国甲卷)你使用筷子的方式很重要，可以避免使你的同伴感到不愉快。
外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 11. 简介《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》是外研社出版的一本学术英语教材。
本教材主要面向学术领域的英语学习者，旨在帮助他们提高英语语言能力，并更好地适应学术英语写作和口语表达的要求。
本文档将介绍《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》的主要内容和特点，并给出一些学习该教材的建议。
2. 内容概述2.1 单元主题《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》的主题是“学术生涯规划”。
通过该单元的学习，学习者将了解到学术研究的重要性以及规划自己的学术生涯的方法。
2.2 内容组织本教材以主题为线索，分为五个单元。
每个单元包含听力、口语、阅读和写作练习等多种学习活动，旨在全面提高学生的学术英语能力。
具体的内容组织如下：•单元一：学术生涯规划•单元二：学术论文写作•单元三：学术会议交流•单元四：学术团队合作•单元五：学术发表与出版每个单元的学习内容都根据学术英语的特点和需求进行设计，帮助学生系统学习学术英语的基本知识和技能。
3. 特点分析3.1 学术英语重点梳理《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》对学术英语的重点进行了梳理。
教材中涵盖了学术写作、学术口语、学术阅读等方面的内容，具体到每个单元中的不同活动。
3.2 综合能力培养本教材通过对听、说、读、写等不同方面的训练，旨在综合培养学生的学术英语能力。
学生不仅可以提高英语水平，还能够逐步习得处理学术领域相关内容的能力。
3.3 案例分析与实践教材中穿插了丰富的学术案例分析和实践活动。
学生可以通过分析真实的学术案例来深入理解学术英语的要求和规范，并通过实践活动来提高自己的学术英语表达能力。
4. 学习建议4.1 认真阅读教材在学习《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》时，要认真阅读教材中的每个单元，理解每个活动的目的和要求。
通过仔细阅读，可以更好地掌握学术英语的相关知识。
4.2 合理安排学习计划由于学术英语的学习需要时间和精力，建议学生合理安排学习计划，将每个单元的学习任务分解到每周或每天，以确保学习效果。
大学英语四学术英语教材IntroductionAcademic English plays a vital role in the education of university students. It equips them with the necessary language skills to navigate various academic disciplines, conduct research, and communicate effectively within academic settings. In this article, we will explore the importance of academic English and discuss the features and benefits of using a specific textbook for university-level academic English education: "大学英语四学术英语教材" (Academic English Textbook for University English Course Four).Section 1: Features of "大学英语四学术英语教材"The "大学英语四学术英语教材" offers a comprehensive approach to teaching academic English to university students. It covers a wide range of essential aspects, including:1. Reading Skills: The textbook provides students with a variety of authentic academic texts, such as research articles, essays, and scholarly papers. These texts expose students to different writing styles, disciplinary approaches, and critical thinking methods.2. Vocabulary Expansion: "大学英语四学术英语教材" incorporates vocabulary-building exercises and activities that help students develop a solid academic word bank. The textbook introduces discipline-specific terminology, enabling students to communicate effectively within their respective fields of study.3. Writing Practice: The textbook offers systematic guidance on academic writing, covering various genres such as essays, reports, and research papers. It includes detailed instructions on thesis statements, paragraph development, citation methods, and overall coherence and cohesion.4. Listening and Speaking Skills: "大学英语四学术英语教材" provides audio resources that expose students to academic lectures, presentations, and discussions. These materials enhance their listening and speaking skills, enabling them to actively participate in academic conversations and presentations.Section 2: Benefits of Using "大学英语四学术英语教材"1. Tailored for Chinese students: The textbook is specifically designed for Chinese students studying English as a second language. It takes into consideration the linguistic and cultural backgrounds of Chinese learners, making it easier for them to understand and apply academic English concepts.2. Authentic Content: The materials selected for "大学英语四学术英语教材" are authentic and reflect current academic trends. By exposing students to real academic texts, the textbook prepares them for the challenges they will face in higher education and academic research.3. Integrated Skills Development: The textbook adopts an integrated approach to language learning, incorporating reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills seamlessly. This holistic approach ensures students develop a balanced set of skills necessary for academic success.4. Interactive Exercises: "大学英语四学术英语教材" provides students with numerous interactive exercises and activities that reinforce their understanding of academic English. These exercises are designed to engage students actively and promote independent learning.Conclusion"大学英语四学术英语教材" is a valuable resource for university students aiming to enhance their academic English proficiency. Its comprehensive approach, tailored content, and integrated skills development make it an effective tool for educators and learners alike. By mastering academic English, students can confidently engage in scholarly discourse, conduct research, and contribute meaningfully to their chosen academic fields.。
新标准大学英语综合教程4教师用书unit1课文翻译新标准大学英语综合教程4教师用书unit1课文翻译unit1Translation of the passagesActive reading (1)大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。
在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？七月，你看着21 岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。
这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、能参加奇特聚会的印象开始消退。
总算熬到头了。
等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。
他只是偶尔走开去发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。
这位前?千禧一代?的后裔一夜之间变成了哼哼一代的成员。
他能找到工作吗？这就是成千上万家庭所面临的景象：今年夏天，超过65 万大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。
父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者，他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。
来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。
他走进大学就业服务中心，又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。
跟他一起住的另外5 个男孩也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。
找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更清晰的计划。
他说：?我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒了。
他们给的年薪是1 万8 千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐煮豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。
然后我又申请了公务员速升计划，并通过了笔试。
但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家治国国论者’。
我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。
?打那以后他整个夏天都在?躲?。
他能够轻松复述《交通警察》中的若干片段，他白天看电视的时间太多，已经到了影响健康的地步。
Presenting a speech（做演讲)Of all human creations，language may be the most remarkable。
Through language we share experience，formulate values，exchange ideas, transmit knowledge，and sustain culture。
Indeed，language is vital to think itself。
Contrary to popular belief]，language ｜does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality ［by giving meaning to events］。
在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的.我们用语言来分享经验，传递价值观,交流思想，传播知识,传承文化。
事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works。
Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft。
They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession。
As a speaker，you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately，clearly，vividly，and appropriately。
致用英语综合教程（第二版）教师用书4一、简介《致用英语综合教程（第二版）教师用书4》是为帮助高级学生提高英语综合运用能力而设计的教学辅助材料。
本教师用书是该综合教程的配套教材，旨在帮助教师更好地组织课堂教学和辅导学生。
本教师用书按照教材内容的顺序进行讲解，涵盖了每个单元的教学目标、教学重点和难点、教学活动设计以及评价与反思等内容。
二、教学目标本教师用书中每个单元的教学目标旨在培养学生在听、说、读、写、翻译和口译等多方面的综合能力。
通过本综合教程的学习，学生将能够达到以下目标： 1.提高对英语文本的理解能力； 2.提高口语表达能力，培养流利的口语交际能力； 3.拓展词汇量，提高阅读理解和写作能力； 4.提高英语听力水平，能够听懂各种类型的英语语音材料； 5.提高英语翻译和口译能力，培养跨文化交际的能力。
三、教学重点和难点在每个单元的教学过程中，教师需特别关注以下教学重点和难点： 1.听力：培养学生听懂不同场景下的英语对话和讲座的能力； 2.口语：引导学生进行英语口语练习，提高口语表达的流利度和准确度； 3.阅读：训练学生在阅读过程中的理解能力和快速阅读的技巧； 4.写作：帮助学生提高英语写作能力，包括写作思路的整理和语言表达的准确性； 5.翻译与口译：培养学生在跨文化交际中的翻译和口译能力。
四、教学活动设计本教师用书为每个单元提供了丰富多样的教学活动设计，旨在激发学生的学习兴趣，提高教学效果。
以下是一些常见的教学活动设计： 1.听力训练：播放录音材料，要求学生听懂并回答相关问题； 2.口语练习：组织学生进行口语对话练习，提高口语表达能力； 3.阅读理解：指导学生阅读文章并回答问题，加深对文章的理解； 4.写作训练：引导学生进行英语写作练习，提高写作能力； 5.翻译与口译：安排学生进行英语翻译和口译练习，培养跨文化交际能力。
五、评价与反思教学活动完成后，教师应及时进行评价和反思，以便不断改进教学方法和提高教学效果。
大学英语四-1教师用书Unit 1Part ⅠWritingA. 四、六级作文观点子类模版(对立观点)1.2.Outline: 1. 有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为…2. 有些人喜欢经常换工作，因为…3. 我的看法。
My View on Job-hoppingPeople’s opinions are always different once they talk about job-hopping. Those who never change their job throughout their life maintain that they have accumulated enough experience to work smoothly and efficiently, so what’s the point in changing to another job? They also firmly believe that anyone who wants to excel in his specialty has to work hard on the same post for years to acquire the required skill and knowledge.Many people think otherwise. On the one hand, if the present job can offer neither satisfactory working conditions nor future opportunities, they will not hesitate a moment to leave. On the other hand, they hold that life is only once and job-hopping can provide rich and exciting experiences.My own opinion is that job-hopping, in this fast-developing information era, has become more common and acceptable. If we want tokeep pace with the times, we have to change for the faster, the higher and the stronger. If life is a journey, we have nothing to regret so long as we put meaning into it. So why not make a change?【结构点评】本文先提出两种对立的观点，而后再阐述自己的观点。
His Politeness Is Her PowerlessnessDeborah Tannen There are many different kinds of evidence that women and men are judged differently even if they talk the same way. This tendency makes mischief in discussions of women, men and power. If a linguistic strategy is used by a woman, it is seen as powerless; if it is used by a man, it is seen as powerful. Often, the labeling of “women‟s language” as “powerless language” reflects the view of wo men‟s behavior through the lens of men‟s.他这样说是彬彬有礼，她这样说是低微无能黛博拉·塔嫩各种各样的证据表明：即使女性和男性说话方式相同，人们对他们的看法还是不同。
这种倾向导致有关女性、男性和有无能耐的讨论纷争不断。
女性说话讲究方式方法被认为是低微无能，而换成男性则被认为是有能力的表现。
视女性的语言为低微无能者的语言常常反映出男性看女性行为的视觉角度。
Because they are not struggling to be one-up, women often find themselves framed as one-down. Any situation is ripe for misinterpretation.This ambiguity accounts for much misinterpretation by experts as well as nonexperts, by which women‟s ways of thinking, uttered in a spirit of rapport, are branded powerless.Nowhere is this inherent ambiguity clearer than in a brief comment in a newspaper article in which a couple, both psychologists, were jointly interviewed. The journalist asked them the meaning of “being very polite.” The two experts responded simultaneou sly, giving different answers. The man said, “Subservience.” The woman said, “Sensitivity.” Both experts were right, but each was describing the view of a different gender.女性不为高人一等而拼搏，往往就被认为是低人一等。
Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaBackground informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published inSeptember 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and inBritain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job becameharder in 2008–2009 because the economic downturn – then a recession – meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobs and then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parentsto be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if theyneed help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduates? Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitivesituation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch and economic depression, which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be activeto seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they won’t findemployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours degree: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into twosubcategories, written as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of studywithout these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North America which are given different informal namesto characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after WorldWar II (1946–1960), followed by “Generation X” people (born 1960–1980) who were said to bring newattitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career beforethem. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the newmillenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by dotingparents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic namereferring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work –this may be the only work available to somegraduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something moresuitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig;when people “grunt” they express disgust but do not communicate with words – this may be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in the1960s. Before thatthere were academic “grammar schools” and more general “secondary modern” schools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests, but the comprehensive schoolswere designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backsideoff) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic –comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Chicken suit This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like agiant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chicken’ in Spanish) – the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to theodd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son’s university fees and living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events – at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son d oesn’thave a job and doesn’t seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents’ generation who worked hard, got jobs, and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt – hedoesn’t seem to communicate much, lies around and doesn’t get a job (or can only do a low status routingjob).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being ‘too detached’ and talking inlanguage that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn’t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise in hislanguage so he can’t understand this cri ticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” before heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill outall day (they spend their time casually relaxing –they don’t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in theevening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university …(Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom – the part of yourbody that you sit on – to work your backside off is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 … but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she doesnot have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as normal and don’t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve ofemotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let the irchildren spend the parents’ money unnecessarily, nor let the problem take away all their energy and emotions. Sap their reserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answers are wrong (Seebelow).1 Why hasn’t Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a) He doesn’t have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. )(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.) (c) It isn’t easy to get a job in the current financial climate. (This may be true but the passage does not mention this.)(d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No, he doesn’t seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn’t want to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service.(No, he went there once but he didn’t want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesn’t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be likeJack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack’s friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack’s parents helping him?(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has tried to get a job himself; there’s nothing here about his parents helping him look for ajob.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America, the passage does not say thatJack’s parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more financially aware.(The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after thetrip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house.(No, they haven’t threatened to do this, but they definitely want him to work after he gets back fromhis trip.)5 What does Gael Lindenfield say about Jack’s parents?(a) They have not really understood Jack’s problems.(No, she doesn’t say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life toocomfortable. Thi s doesn’t mean they haven’t understood Jack’s problems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack.(No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesn’t necessarily mean that theyhave already made life too comfortable for Jack.)(c) The approach they have chosen is the right one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesn’t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a) They all did bar work before going to university.(No, we don’t know from the passage if any of them did this.)(b) They took part in protests against nuclear power plants.(No, we don’t know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives.(This is right, although they all had completely different temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their careeris going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when(4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass,they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard(6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or fouryears away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependentagain on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an su pporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you bylistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) inthe same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a senseof satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in alazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself(a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or(b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) referto it quickly and then change the subject?Reading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 “Will he ever get a job?” Who is asking this question? What mood does it express?The parents are asking this because the paragraph is addressed to parents (earlier it says “your graduateson”). The mood seems to express patience or resignation because the word “ever” suggests that gettinga job will take a long time.2 Who describes Generation Y as “rebels without a cause”? Is it a fair description?This is the writer’s description to indicate that this generation is rebelling against parents or society,but they have nothing particular to rebel against. This doesn’t seem very fair because the students aretrying to find work –it is just that they don’t like their parents nagging them. So they are a bit rebelliousagainst their parents, but no more than that.3 Jack “walked into the university ca reers service and straight back out again”. What does this suggestabout Jack’s character?It suggests that Jack is not very determined. As soon as he saw the queue he left without waiting andwithout trying to ask about jobs or careers.4 Jack spent the s ummer “hiding”. Hiding from what? Why are quotation marks used?Probably this means he was hiding from the world of work, staying at home and not looking for a job.The quotation marks tell us that he wasn’t literally hiding, he just spenta lot of time at home.5 How is Mrs Goodwin’s point of view affected by her own personal experience?In one way her experience hasn’t affected her attitude: She left school and went immediately to a job(without going to university) and has been working full-time since then and yet she is sympathetic andtakes a soft line.6 How is Lindenfield’s point of view affected by her own personal experience?Her personal experience was that she worked in a bar before finding her first proper job as an aerialphotographic assistant. So she says such work is a great networking opportunity. If new graduates aregood at such work and bright, cheerful and polite, they will soon be promoted. Her personal experiencethus reflects – or perhaps has created – her point of view.7 What would the first two paragraphs have focused on if they had been presented from the point of viewof the students rather than the parents?The first two paragraphs would have focused on the need for the new graduates to rest for a bit aftertheir hard studies. It is OK for students to relax with the TV or to socialize with friends for a while, thenthey can start a serious search for employment after that.Active reading (2)If you ask meBackground informationThis is an informal and personalized account of an economics graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year andthen has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). She works in a London pub called “The Salisbury”or “The Marquis Salisbury”, named after someone who was the British Prime Minister three times between1885 and 1902 and whose family once owned the pub’s land. The 100 year old pub is in Leadenhall Street,just off the Charing Cross Road and Leicester Square. Daytime customers can get a pub lunch and eveningcustomers include many office workers and theatre goers (the pub is near many West End theatres). Theinterior of this pub is dazzling, with large mirrors, cut glass and a mahogany décor.British pubs are often named after famous people (Robin Hood, The Duke of Wellington) or royalty (TheQueen’s Arms, the Prince of Wales) or historical symbols (The Rose and Crown to represent King EdwardIII, The Royal Oak to represent King Charles II who once hid in a large oak tree). Other names often includecolours and animals (The Red Bull, The Black Horse, The Golden Lion, The Swan) or symbols of traditionaltrades (The Compasses for carpenters, The Three Hammers for blacksmiths, The Three Tuns for winemakers).As the pub is a social place to meet as well as a place to get a drink, people often play games like dominoesor darts or join a quiz or competition. A common expression is to “go down the pub” or “go round to thelocal” (both meaning to go to the local pub).Culture pointspub in London: A pub is a place where people go for a drink and to meet friends and socialize. People canplay games – such as darts, cards, dominoes – in a pub and pubs often have quiz nights, with prizes for thewinners, and live music (See also Background information)The Salisbury is a well-known pub in central London (See also Background information)London School of Economics is a distinguished university in central London, famous for social sciences.Language points1 If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. (Para 1)In my opinion (If you ask me introduces an opinion), real life is not everything that people say it is. If athing is cracked up to be, people normally praise it but in the opinion of the speaker they are wrong.2 … spending money when you don’t have any is dead easy. (Para 7)Dead here means very. For example, we can say dead tired (exhausted), a dead loss (a complete loss oruseless), a dead weight (very heavy, difficult to lift).3 What were the odds on anyone being so nice? (Para 11)What are the chances that someone would be so nice? The writer is emphasizing here that such kindness isvery unusual.4 … looking back after all these years, you only need one or two breaks in your life to succeed.(Para 13)A break here means a chance to be successful. A lucky break is an unexpected opportunity.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What did the writer want to do after finishing her degree?(a) To do an MA at the London School of Economics.(b) To earn some money to pay off her loan.(c) To start working as soon as possible.(d) To return home and help her mother.2 Why did she ask for a job in The Salisbury?(a) She was hungry and thirsty.(b) She thought it would lead to better things.(c) She was a friend of the landlord.(d) She had the idea when she saw the landlord working.3 What did she buy with her first salary?(a) A bunch of flowers.(b) A CD and a plant for the flat she lived in.(c) A ham sandwich and a glass of beer.(d) She didn’t have any money left after paying the bills.4 Why did Tony give her £20,000?(a) He found out it was her birthday and wanted to help.(b) He trusted her and thought it would help her.(c) He wanted her to leave the pub and work for him.(d) He was secretly in love with her.5 What did she do with the money?(a) She used it to pay for her course at the LSE.(b) She lost a lot of it in the 2008 stock market crash.(c) She invested it and paid back Tony and other investors.(d) She used it to start her own business.6 Why was Tony pleased when she repaid the loan?(a) He had had an accident and needed the money for a wheelchair.(b) It meant that he would be able to see her again.(c) It proved that he had been right to invest in her.(d) She paid back the loan with a lot of interest.3 Work in pairs and answer the questions.What do we know about the writer’s:1 family background?Her mother had worked hard for 15 years to support her education but couldn’t afford any furthersupport. Her father wasn’t around most of the time. He didn’t have any money because he spent it ongambling on dog racing or drinking in pubs.2 career as a student?She had a good degree in economics and wanted to study for a masters course at the London School ofEconomics.3 ambition?She wanted to get a job in finance or investments in London because then she would be able to use herdegree.4 appreciation of other people?She appreciated Mike’s friendliness with customers and his skill, and she appreciated Tony as a niceperson; later she appreciated the trust of Tony and his friends5 love life?We don’t know much about this, except that she doesn’t like boys to hassle her. She thinks they areimmature.6 financial expertise?It must be quite good: She invested the £20,000 and made enough profit to pay the money back withinterest and set up her own company.7 sense of responsibility?She has a strong sense of responsibility because she paid back the money to the investors and paid theman annual interest for the loan.8 philosophy of life?She believes that you should work hard; you may need one or two breaks to succeed but you shouldknow how to use the breaks. You should be honest and responsible with people who trust you.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. Teaching tipsWhen Ss have completed the blanks with the correct form of the appropriate words, ask them to practicereading the dialogue, trying to make their reading sound as conversational as possible. Choose a pair toperform their reading to the class. The class listens and gives the performing pair a rating on a scale of 1-10for fluency and naturalness.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have fina ncial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’tneed to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who workedthere were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend wasalways Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect y ou made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough tokeep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy. Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds (6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bitdisappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored bywhat they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers mostoften?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly tothem?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the placehappier?。
Unit 2 EconomicsI Teaching ObjectivesAfter learning Unit 2, students (Ss) are expected to develop the following academic skills and knowledge:II Teaching Activities and ResourcesReadingText ALead-inTeaching StepsAsk Ss to work in pairs and do the task in Lead-in. Then invite several Ss to share their answers with the whole class.Answer Keys1.The invisible hand.2.Our economic life is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of totalstrangers.The activities of countless far-flung men and women have to be intricately choreographed and precisely timed. However, no one coordinates it, and yet they do cooperate. It’s “the invisible hand” —the mysterious power that leads innumerable people, each working for his own gain, to promote ends that benefit many. Out of the seeming chaos of millions of uncoordinated private transactions emerges the spontaneousText AnalysisTeaching Steps1.OverviewAsk Ss to preview Text A before class. Or, allocate some time for Ss to read the text quickly in class. Then invite several Ss to summarize the main idea of Text A.2.In-Depth Analysis1)Show Ss the following words and ask them to contribute to the class as muchas possible with what they know about these words. Provide additional information in Supplementary Information when necessary.•the invisible hand•free-market economy•economic downturn•An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations2)Explain some important language points in Language Support to Ss.3)Discuss with Ss the invisible hand in the author’s eyes by doing Task 1 inCritical reading and thinking.4)Organize a group discussion about the questions from Task 2 in Criticalreading and thinking. Encourage Ss to think independently, critically and creatively and share their ideas with each other.Supplementary Information1.free-market economyIn a free market economy, the laws and forces of supply and demand, rather than a central government, regulate production and labor. The prices for goods and services are self-regulated by buyers and sellers negotiating in an open market.Most companies and resources are not owned by the state. Instead, they are owned by private individuals or entities who are free to trade contracts with each other. 2.economic downturnAn economic downturn is a general slowdown in economic activity over a sustained period of time. It occurs when the value of stocks, property, and commodities fall, productivity either grows more slowly or declines, and GDP shrinks, stands still or expands more slowly. It can happen in a specific region (e.g.the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s) or on a global scale (e.g. the global financial crisis in the late 2000s). The main features of an economic downturn include rising unemployment, falling share and house prices, low consumer confidence and declining investment.4．An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations（《国富论》）An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is Adam Smith’s masterpiece. It was first published in 1776, and is widely considered to be the first modern work in economics. Through reflection over the economics at the beginning of theIndustrial Revolution, the book touches upon broad topics such as the division of labor, productivity and free markets.Language Support1.Individual buyers and sellers will act according to what is in their own bestinterests. (Para. 2)The phrase “in one’s interest” means “for one’s benefit or advantage”（为了……的利益；为……着想）. There are some relevant expressions, such as “in the interest of one”, “in one’s own interest”, and “in one’s best interest”.e.g. It’s obviously in their interest to increase profits.I suspect it’s in your own best interest to quit now.2.Customers are likewise typically looking out for their self-interests. (Para. 4)The word “likewise” is used to signal a comparison that explains how things are similar（同样的；此外）.e.g. In this episode, we will likewise deal with another extremely commonquestion.Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom.Other special words and expressions are often used to signal the comparison of two or more people, places, things, ideas, etc. Here are some examples of these signposts for your reference:similarly, both, just as, and also, resemble, parallel, in the same manner, inthe same way, alike, equally3.The market becomes more efficient as buyers and sellers move in the samedirection—as if directed by an invisible hand. (Para. 5)这里的as if用于省略句。
Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
奥索里奥夫人 56 岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次 DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行 30 分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
也许留到下一次再说吧？她家里的情况怎么样呢？她现在是否有常见的生活压力？亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症？有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢？健康保养：她最后一次乳房 X 光检查是什么时候做的？子宫颈抹片呢？ 50 岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查？过去 10 年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗？她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件？奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路，告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。
一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√brick n．alternative adj.resource n. material n.solar adj. urban adj.arrest v t. fire v t.outdoors ad v. online ad v.recreation n. surgery n.optimistic adj. definitely ad v.eventually ad v.Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．limit n．(常作复数) 范围2．command n. 命令；指令3．charge n. 费用；价钱4．power v t. 供给动力5．switch n. 开关v i. 交换；调换6．shape v t. 造成……形状Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．mud n．泥→muddy adj.泥泞的；浑浊的；灰暗的2．crime n．罪；罪行→criminal n．罪犯；犯人3．predict v t.预言；预料→prediction n．预测4．risk__v t.&__n．冒险→risky adj.危险的；冒险的5．rely v i.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的6．load v t.装；装载→unload v．卸载→download v．下载7．disable v t.使伤残，使失去能力→disability n．失去能力；伤残→disabled adj.残疾的；丧失能力的8．attach v t.系；贴；连接→attachment n．附属；(邮件)附件1.n.＋-y＝adj.①risk→risky危险的；冒险的②dirt→dirty 肮脏的③luck→lucky 幸运的④rock→rocky 多岩石的⑤wind→windy 多风的；有风的⑥sleep→sleepy 困倦的2.“乐观，悲观”词汇全接触①optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的②optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义③optimist n. 乐观主义者④pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的⑤pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义⑥pessimist n. 悲观主义者3.名词后缀-ity一览①disability失去能力；伤残②possibility 可能性③equality 平等④reality 现实⑤nationality 国籍⑥popularity 受欢迎；普及；流行(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．for__sure肯定地2．run__out (某物) 用完；不多了；没有了3．rely__on 依靠；依赖4．get__rid__of 除掉；处理掉；摆脱5．free__of__charge 免费6．use__up用完7．look__out 小心；当心8．for__a__start 首先，一开始9．on__the__way__out 即将被淘汰；即将过时10．carry__out 开展；执行；进行1.“小心；当心”短语全扫描①look out小心；当心②take care 注意；小心③be careful 小心；细心④be cautious 小心2.way短语大观园①on the way out即将被淘汰；即将过时②on the way 在路上③in the way 阻挡④in a way 在某种程度上；不完全地⑤in no way 决不(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：no matter where引导让步状语从句Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no__matter__where__they__live.每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
Period 1Reading Comprehension1.使学生了解不同国家不同的文化以及不同文化间的交流。
2.帮助学生运用不同的阅读技巧更好地理解短文。
3.理解文章中的长难句,并学会佳句赏析。
1.采用情景教学法和交际教学法,使学生通过游戏、表演、听说等多种形式来实现目标。
2.利用现代教育技术,拓宽学生学习和运用英语的渠道。
重点句式1.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.根据已有知识,回答问题1.How can you communicate with someone if you cannot speak? Give an example.【答案】We can use body language to communicate with someone if we can t speak. For example, if we re angry, we might turn away and not talk to others. If we re happy to see someone, we might smile and hold out our hands or open our arms.2.There are many different ways to greet someone using words. How many ways can you think of to greet someone if you cannot speak?【答案】Ways to greet someone without words: smile, wave, shake hands, hug, kiss, etc.Ⅰ.Fast reading:Matching the people and their different ways of greeting.1.Tony Garcia(Colombia)a.shakes hands and kisses others twice on each cheek2.Julia Smith (Britain) b.bows3.Akira Nagata (Japan) c.shakes hands4.George Cook (Canada)d.approaches others and touches their shoulders and kisses them on the cheeks5.Darlene Coulon(France) e.does not stand very close to others or touch strangers【答案】1.d 2.e 3.b 4.c 5.aⅡ.Careful reading:Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).( )1.Englishmen often stand close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet.( )2.Most people around the world now greet each other by kissing.( )3.Japanese will bow to others as greeting.( )4.People from Jordan will move very close to you as youintroduce yourself to them if you are a man.( )5.Some body languages in some countries are good while some countries bodylanguages are bad.【答案】1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.FⅢ.Post reading1.Read the text again and fill in the following form.Person Country ActionsThe author China First stand,(1) .Then introduce guests.When introducing himself to Ahmed Aziz, he (2) a little when he is very closeTony Garcia Colombia(3) Julia Smith, touches her shoulder and kisses her on the cheekJulia Smith Britain Julia Smith is surprised at Tony Garcia s action and (4) away from himGeorgeCookCanada(5) out to Akira NagataAkiraNagataJapan(6) to George Cook(续表) Person Country ActionsAhmed Aziz Jordan Moves very close to the author when he introduces himself,(7) to ask questions, nods at womenDarleneCoulonFrance(8) and kisses each other twice on the cheek with Tony Garcia【答案】(1)watching and listening(2)moves back(3)Approaches(4)takes a few steps(5)Reaches his hand(6)Bows(7)comes closer(8)Shakes hands2.Discussion:“Is body language important?” If so, give your reasons.【答案】Body language is important because it is used anytime and anywhere to convey people s ideas, feelings, information, and so on. We can tell a lot from others body language. Even if they don t speak, we know if they are sad or happy by looking at their facial expressions.1.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands,as if in defence.她后退几步,看上去很吃惊,并且举起了手,好像是在防卫。
