秦外 南京秦淮外国语学校2016-2017学年度第一学期
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2016—2017学年度第一学期第二阶段学业质量监测试卷九年级数学注意事项:1.本试卷共6页.全卷满分120分.考试时间为120分钟.2.答选择题必须用2B 铅笔将答题卷上对应的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净 后,再选涂其他答案.答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卷上的指定 位置,在其他位置答题一律无效.3.作图必须用2B 铅笔作答,并请加黑加粗,描写清楚.一、选择题(本大题共6小题,每小题2分,共12分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中,恰有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母代号填涂在答题..卷.相应位置....上) 1.方程x 2-2x =0的解是 A .x 1=x 2=0B .x 1=x 2=2C .x 1=0,x 2=2D .x 1=0,x 2=-22.若a ∶b =2∶3,则下列各式正确的是 A .2a =3bB .3a =2bC .b a =23D .a -b a =13 3.已知一元二次方程x 2-3x +1=0的两个根为x 1,x 2,则x 1+x 2的结果是 A .3B .-3C .1D .-14.甲、乙两人参加社会实践活动,随机选择“打扫社区卫生”和“参加社会调查”其中一项,那么两人同时选择“参加社会调查”的概率为 A .34B .14C .13D .125.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,将函数y =x 2-2的图像先绕原点旋转180°,再向上平移3个单位长度,得到的抛物线对应的函数表达式是 A .y =-x 2+5 B .y =-x 2-5C .y =-x 2+1D .y =-x 2-16.如图,CD 、BE 分别为△ABC 的两条中线,CD 、BE 相交于点O ,连接DE .若△ABC 的面积为12,则△ODE 的面积为 A .2 B .56C .23D .1yxO (第5题)y =x 2-2(第6题)ABCDEO二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分. 不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在答题卷相应位置.......上) 7.⊙O 的半径为5,点A 到圆心O 的距离为3,则点A 在⊙O ▲ .(填“内”、“上”或“外”)8.将二次函数y =x 2-4x +5化成y =a (x +h )2+k 的形式应为 ▲ .9.已知扇形的圆心角为150°,弧长为20π cm ,则这个扇形的半径为 ▲ cm . 10.超市决定招聘一名广告策划人员,某应聘者三项素质测试的成绩如下表:测试项目 创新能力 综合知识 语言表达 测试成绩/分708090则该应聘者的总成绩是 ▲ 分.11.如图,在△ABC 中,D 、E 分别是AB 、AC 上的点.AD =2.5,AE =1.5,EC =3.5,要使△ADE ∽△ACB ,就要BD = ▲ .12.如图,某种鱼缸的主视图可看作为弓形.该鱼缸装满水时的最大深度CD 为18 cm ,半径OC 为13 cm ,则鱼缸口径AB 为 ▲ cm .13.某公司举行年会晚宴,出席者两两碰杯一次,总共碰杯990次.设晚宴共有x 人参加,根据题意,可列方程 ▲ .14.如图,正五边形ABCDE 内接于⊙O ,若直线PA 与⊙O 相切于点A ,则∠PAB = ▲ °.15.已知二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c 的部分图像如图所示,则关于x 的方程ax 2+bx +c =3的解为 ▲ .yxO31-1 (第15题) (第14题)A CB D EO(第11题)BAECD (第12题)ABDO16.如图,圆的两条弦AC 、BD 相交于点P ,AmB ︵、CnD ︵的度数分别为α、β,∠APB 的度数为γ,则α、β和γ之间的数量关系为 ▲ .三、解答题(本大题共11小题,共88分.请在答题卷指定区域内作答,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤) 17.(8分)(1)解方程 x 2+4x -5=0;(2)方程(x -2)(x 2+4x -5)=0的解是 ▲ .18.(6分)已知二次函数的图像的顶点为(2,-2),且经过点(0,-4).求这个二次函数的表达式.19.(8分)质检部门对甲、乙两个厂生产的乒乓球的直径进行检测,从它们生产的乒乓球中各抽样调查了10只,把检测的结果绘成如下两幅图:(1)甲厂生产的10只乒乓球直径的极差是 ▲ mm ,乙厂生产的10只乒乓球直径的极差是 ▲ mm ;(2)你认为哪个厂生产的10只乒乓球的直径比较稳定?请通过计算说明.39.739.8 40.3 40.2 40.1 40.0 39.9 甲厂(第19题)乙厂39.739.8 40.3 40.2 40.1 40.0 39.9 A BCDP(第16题)mn20.(8分)如图,甲、乙两盏路灯底部间的距离BC为30m.一天晚上,当小丽走到距路灯乙底部5m处时,发现自己的身影顶部正好接触路灯乙的底部.已知小丽的身高DE为1.5m,求路灯甲AB的高度.(第20题)21.(8分)爸爸的生日快到了,小明准备为爸爸煮汤圆作早点:一个芝麻馅,一个水果馅,两个花生馅,四个汤圆除内部馅料不同外,其他均相同.爸爸随机选择两个汤圆,求恰好都是花生馅的概率.22.(6分)已知二次函数y=mx2+2mx+m-4(m是常数,m≠0).(1)当该函数的图像与x轴没有交点时,求m的取值范围;(2)把该函数的图像沿y轴向上平移多少个单位长度后,得到的函数的图像与x轴只有一个公共点?23.(8分)随着冬奥会的临近,冬奥特许商品销售逐渐火爆.甲、乙两家冬奥商品专卖店十月份销售额分别为10万元和15万元,十二月份销售额甲店比乙店多10万元.已知甲店十一、十二月份销售额的月平均增长率是乙店十一、十二月份月平均增长率的2倍,求甲店、乙店这两个月的月平均增长率各是多少?24.(8分)(1)如图①,在△ABC 中,∠ACB =90°,CD ⊥AB ,垂足为D . 求证CD 2=AD ·BD ;(2)如图②,已知线段a 、b ,用直尺和圆规作线段c ,使得c 是a 、b 的比例中项. (保留作图的痕迹,不写作法)25.(8分)在说明“周长一定的矩形中,正方形面积最大”时,小明的思路如下:请你按照小明的思路写出完整..的说理过程.②(第24题)BACD①ab26.(10分)如图,已知直线MN 交⊙O 于A ,B 两点,AC 是直径,AD 平分∠CAM 交⊙O 于D ,连接DC ,过点D 作DE ⊥MN ,垂足为E .(1)求证:DE 是⊙O 的切线;(2)若∠DCA =22.5°,DE =6,求AB 的长度.27.(10分)如图,在△ABC 中,∠ABC =90°,AB =4,BC =3,D 为AC 延长线上一点,∠CBD =∠A ,E 为BC 延长线上一点,连接DE . (1)若DE ⊥BE ,求DE 的长;(2)若△CDE 是等腰三角形,求DE 的长.BA DCE(第27题)(第26题)2016-2017学年度第一学期第二阶段学业质量监测 九年级数学参考答案及评分标准说明:本评分标准每题给出了一种或几种解法供参考,如果考生的解法与本解答不同,参照本评分标准的精神给分.一、选择题(每小题2分,共计12分)7.内 8.y =(x -2)2+1 9.24 10.77 11.0.5 12.24 13.x (x -1)2=99014.3615.0,2 16.γ=α+β2三、解答题(本大题共11小题,共计88分)17.(本题8分)解:(1)x 2+4x =5. 1分 (x +2)2=9. 3分 x +2=±3. 4分所以x 1=1,x 2=-5. 6分 (2)x 1=2,x 2=1,x 3=-5. 8分 18.(本题6分)解:因为顶点坐标是(2,-2),所以设二次函数的表达式为y =a (x -2)2-2. 2分又因为图像经过点(0,-4),所以a (0-2)2-2=-4. 4分 解得a =-12.5分所以二次函数的表达式为y =-12(x -2)2-2. 6分19.(本题8分) 解:(1)0.4;0.6. 2分(2)⎺x 甲=110(39.8+40.2+…+39.8)=40(mm ).S 2甲=110[(39.8-40)2+(40.2-40)2+…+(39.8-40)2]=0.034(mm 2).4分⎺x 乙=110(39.8+40.3+…+40.1)=40(mm ). S 2乙=110[(39.8-40)2+(40.3-40)2+…+(40.1-40)2]=0.03(mm 2).6分因为S 2甲>S 2乙,7分所以乙厂生产的10只乒乓球的直径比较稳定. 8分20.(本题8分)解:由AB ∥DE ,得△DEC ∽△ABC . 2分所以DE AB =EC BC ,即1.5AB =530. 5分解得AB =9. 7分答:路灯甲AB 的高度为9 m . 8分 21.(本题8分)解:将这四个汤圆分别编号为A 、B 、C 1、C 2,随机选择两个汤圆,可能出现的结果共有6种,即(A ,B )、(A ,C 1)、(A ,C 2)、(B ,C 1)、(B ,C 2)、(C 1,C 2),并且它们是等可能的.随机选择两个汤圆恰好都是花生馅(记为事件A )的结果有1种,即(C 1,C 2),所以事件A 发生的概率P (A )=16.8分 22.(本题6分)解:(1)因为该二次函数图像与x 轴没有交点,所以一元二次方程mx 2+2mx +m -4=0的根的判别式 b 2-4ac =(2m ) 2-4m (m -4)<0. 2分 解得m <0. 3分(2)因为y =m (x 2+2x +1)-4=m (x +1) 2-4,所以将函数的图像沿y 轴向上平移4个单位长度后,得到的函数的图像与x 轴只有一个公共点. 6分 23.(本题8分)解:设乙店销售额月平均增长率为x .1分根据题意,得10(1+2x )2-15(1+x )2=10. 4分解这个方程,得x 1=0.6,x 2=-1(舍去). 6分2x =1.2. 7分答:甲、乙两店这两个月的月平均增长率分别是120%、60%. 8分24.(本题8分) (1)证明:∵CD ⊥AB ,∴∠BDC =∠CDA =90°,∠BCD +∠B =90°. ∵∠ACB =90°,∴∠BCD +∠ACD =90°. ∴∠B =∠ACD .2分E在△BCD 和△CAD 中,∵∠BDC =∠CDA ,∠B =∠ACD , ∴△BCD ∽△CAD . 3分 ∴CD AD =BD CD. ∴CD 2=AD ·BD . 5分(2线段CD 25.(本题8分)y . 1分 根据题意,得y =x (m 2-x )=-x 2+m 2·x =-(x -m 4)2+m 216.5分因为a =-1<0,所以当x =m 4时,y 最大,最大值为m 216. 7分即当矩形的周长一定时,正方形面积最大. 8分26.(本题10分) 解:(1)连接OD . ∵AD 平分∠CAM , ∴∠OAD =∠EAD . ∵OA =OD ,∴∠OAD =∠ODA . 1分 ∴∠EAD =∠ODA . ∴OD ∥AE . 2分 ∵DE ⊥MN , ∴∠DEA =90°.∴∠ODE =180°-∠DEA =90°,即OD ⊥DE . 3分又∵DE 过半径OD 的外端点D , 4分∴DE 是⊙O 的切线. 5分 (2)作OF ⊥AB ,交AB 于点F .∵OF ⊥AB ,∴∠OFE =90°.AF =BF =12AB .6分又∵∠ODE =∠DEA =90°, ∴四边形ODEF 是矩形. 7分∴OF =DE =6. ∵∠DCA =22.5°, ∴∠AOD =2∠DCA =45°. ∵OD ∥AE ,∴∠OAF =∠AOD =45°. 8分 ∴∠AOF =90°-∠OAF =45°. ∴AF =OF =6. 9分 ∴AB =2AF =12. 10分27.(本题10分)解:(1)在Rt △ABC 中,∠ABC =90°, AC =AB 2+BC 2=5. 1分∵DE ⊥BE , ∴∠DEC =90°. ∴∠ABC =∠DEC . 在△ABC 和△DEC 中,∵∠ABC =∠DEC ,∠ACB =∠DCE , ∴△ABC ∽△DEC . ∴AB DE =BC EC =AC DC ,∴EC =34DE ,DC =54DE . 2分 在△ABC 和△BED 中,∵∠ABC =∠BED ,∠A =∠CBD , ∴△ABC ∽△BED . ∴AB BE =BCED,即43+34DE =3DE . 3分 解得DE =367.4分(2)由(1)知,CD =54DE =54×367=457.①当CD =DE 时,则DE =457. 6分BADCE②当CD =CE 时,CE =CD =457.方法一:作DF ⊥CE ,垂足为F .由(1)知,DF =367,FC =34×367=277.∴EF =CE -CF =457-277=187.在Rt △DEF 中,∠DFE =90°, DE =EF 2+DF 2=(367)2+(187)2=1857. 8分方法二:作EF ⊥CD ,垂足为F ,则∠EFC =90°. 在△ABC 和△EFC 中,∵∠ABC =∠EFC ,∠ACB =∠ECF , ∴△ABC ∽△EFC . ∴AB EF =BC FC =AC EC ,即4EF =3FC =5457, 得EF =367,FC =277.∴DF =DC -FC =457-277=187.在Rt △DEF 中,∠DFE =90°, DE =EF 2+DF 2=(367)2+(187)2=1857. 8分 ③当CE =DE 时. 方法一:由②知,DF =367,FC =277.设EF 为x ,则DE =CE =x +277.在Rt △DEF 中,∠DFE =90°,EF 2+DF 2=DE 2, 即x 2+(367)2=(x +277)2.解得x =32.∴DE =x +277=7514. 10分BADCEFBADCFEBADCEF方法二:作EF ⊥CD ,垂足为F ,则∠EFC =90°. ∴CF =DF =12CD =4514.在△ABC 和△EFC 中,∵∠ABC =∠EFC ,∠ACB =∠ECF , ∴△ABC ∽△EFC . ∴BC FC =AC EC ,即34514=5EC, 得EC =7514,即DE =7514.综上:若△CDE 是等腰三角形,DE 的长为457或1857或7514.10分BADC FE。
南京秦淮外国语学校2016—2017学年度第一学期第一次阶段性检测九年级化学试卷总分:80分 时间:60分钟 命题人:吕明一、选择题(本题共15小题,每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
每小题2分,共30分)1.每年5月31日为世界无烟日。
吸烟有害健康,烟气中一种有毒气体是( )A .2OB .2NC .COD .2CO2.下列变化中,属于化学变化的是( )A .干冰升华B .纸张燃烧C .钢丝折弯D .酒精挥发3.下列物质由分子构成的是( )A .氨气B .氯化钠C .镁D .金刚石4.下列图示实验操作中,正确的是( )A .点燃酒精灯B .取用碳酸钠C .稀释浓硫酸D .加入大理石5.下列物质中,含有氧气的是( )A .氯酸钾B .高锰酸钾C .液态空气D .二氧化锰6.在元素周期表中硅元素的某些信息如图所示,下列有关硅的说法不正确的是( )A .属于金属元素B .元素符号为“Si ”C .原子序数为“14”D .相对原子质量为“28.09”7.下列粒子结构示意图中,表示阳离子的是( )A .B .C .D .8.下列有关氧气的叙述正确的是( )A .氧气能和大多数金属、有机物反应,所以氧气是一种很不稳定的气体B .铁在氧气中燃烧生成氧化铁C .给氯酸钾加热,若不加二氧化锰就不产生氧气D .课本上测定空气中氧气含量的实验中,若将红磷换成木炭实验会失败9.下列关于实验现象的描述正确的是( )A .镁条在空气中燃烧,发出白色火焰,生成白色粉末B .细铁丝在氧气里火星四射,放出热量,生成黑色固体物质C .硫酸铜溶液中滴加氢氧化钠溶液产生蓝色沉淀D .蜡烛在氧气里燃烧比在空气里燃烧得更旺,发出白光,放出热量,生成二氧化碳气体使澄清的石灰水变浑浊1011A.原子、分子、离子都是构成物质的微粒B.钠原子失去1个电子形成钠离子C.过氧化氢分子由氢分子和氧分子组成D.构成物质的微粒是在不停地运动12.在光照或点燃条件下,氢气和氯气(化学式为Cl)发生发应出生成氯化氢(化学式HCl),其反2应的微观示意图如下。
南京市秦淮区2016-2017学年度第一学期期中考试九年级语文试卷 注意事项:1.本试卷6页,共120分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答案一律用黑色墨水笔写在答题卷上,不能写在本试卷上。
一(24分)1.用诗文原句填空。
(10分)(1)浊酒一杯家万里, ▲ 。
(范仲淹《渔家傲·秋思》)(2)物是人非事事休, ▲ 。
(李清照《武陵春》)(3)马作的卢飞快, ▲ 。
(辛弃疾《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》)(4) ▲ ,只有香如故。
(陆游《卜算子·咏梅》)(5) ▲ ,人迹板桥霜。
(温庭筠《商山早行》)(6)池上碧苔三四点, ▲ 。
(晏殊《破阵子》)(7) ▲ ,背灼炎天光。
(白居易《观刈麦》)(8)今夜偏知春气暖, ▲ 。
(刘方平《月夜》)(9)在中国女排处于大赛接连失利、多人伤病的时候,郎平回归国家队担任教练,正可谓“ ▲ , ▲ ”,并最终带领女排夺得了2016年里约奥运冠军。
(用诸葛亮《出师表》中的句子作答)2.给下列加点字注音,根据拼音写汉字。
(4分)臧否.( ▲ ) 恪.尽职守( ▲ ) 妖r áo ( ▲ ) 旁zh ēn ɡ( ▲ )博引 3.培根有一句关于读书的名言“书籍是横渡时间大海的航船”,请用正楷或行楷将这句话抄写下来。
(3分)4.下列作品、作家(或编者)、国别(或朝代)对应不正确...的一项是( ▲ )(2分) A .《蝈蝈与蛐蛐》——济慈——英国B .《饮冰室合集》——梁启超——近代C .《儒林外史》——蒲松龄——清代D .《战国策》——刘向——汉代5.对下列诗句的理解与朗读处理不.恰当..的一项是( ▲ )(3分) A.“山舞银蛇,原驰蜡象,欲与天公试比高”表现了一种奋发的态势和竞争的活力,朗读时的语调应当高昂豪迈。
(毛泽东《沁园春·雪》)B.“雨说,我来了,我来探访四月的大地”表现了“雨”要给大地带来春天,给孩子们带来快乐,朗读时语调应当清新明朗,节奏欢快。
南京秦淮外国语学校2016-2017学年度第一学期阶段测试九年级数学卷一、选择题1.在实数227,0,,2π中,无理数的个数有()A.0个 B.1个 C.2个 D.3个2.下列各式计算正确的是()A.632a a a ÷= B.()235a a =2=±2=-3.利用配方法将2230x x ++=互为()()200a x h k a -+=≠的形式为()A.()2120x --= B.()2120x -+= C.()2120x ++= D.()2120x +-=4.若关于x 的一元二次方程2210kx x --=有两个不相等的实数根,则实数k 取()A.1k >-B.1k <且0k ≠C.1k -≥且0k ≠D.1k >-且0k ≠5.有下列四个命题:①直径是弦;②经过三个点一定可以作圆;③三角形的外心到三角形各顶点的距离都相等;④半径相等的两个半圆是等弧,其中正确的有()A.4个B.3个C.2个D.1个6.如图,AB 是O 的直径,CD 是O 的切线,切点为D ,CD 与AB 的延长线交于点C ,30A ∠=︒,给出下面3个结论:①AD CD =;②BD BC =;③2AB BC =,其中正确结论的个数是()A.3B.2C.1D.0二、填空题7.PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5μm 的颗粒物,含有大量有毒、有害物质,也可称可入肺颗粒物,将0.0000025用科学记数法表示为______.8.不等式组2621x x -<⎧⎨-+>⎩的解集是_______.9.函数y x 的取值范围是______.10.已知关于x 的一元二次方程210x bx b ++-=有两个不相等的实数根,则b 的值是_______.11.直角三角形一条直角边和斜边的长分别是一元二次方程216600x x -+=的两个实数根,三角形的面积为_______.12.要组织一次篮球联赛,赛制为单循环形式(每两队之间都赛一场),计划安排21场比赛,则参赛球队的个数是_______.13.如图,Rt ABC △中,90C ∠=︒,6AC =,8BC =,则ABC △的内切圆半径r =______.14.如图,点A 、B 、C 、D 在O 上,O 点在D ∠的内部,四边形OABC 为平行四边形,则OAD OCD ∠+∠=______︒.15.沿一条母线将圆锥侧面剪开并展开,得到一个扇形,若圆锥底面圆半径2cm r =,扇形圆心角120θ=︒,则该圆锥母线长为______cm .16.如图,一个半径为r 的圆形纸片的边长为()a a ≥的等边三变形内任意运动,则在该等边三角形内,这个圆形纸片“不能接触到的部分”的面积是_______.三、解答题17.化简:221121121x x x x x ⋅-⎛⎫÷ ⎪+--+⎝⎭.18.解方程:(1)2210x x --=(2)()()454x x x +=-+;(3)用配方法解关于x 的一元二次方程20x px q ++=.19.市射击队为从甲、乙两名运动员中选拔一人参加省比赛,对他们进行了六次测试,测试成绩如下表(单位:环):第一次第二次第三次第四次第五次第六次甲10898109乙107101098(1)根据表格中的数据,分别计算甲、乙的平均成绩.(2)分别计算甲、乙六次测试成绩的方差;(3)根据(1)、(2)计算的结果,你认为推荐谁参加省比赛更合适,请说明理由.20.如图,D 是线段AB 的中点,C 是线段AB 的垂直平分线上的一点,DE AC ⊥于点E ,DF BC ⊥于点F .(1)求证:DE DF =;(2)当CD 与AB 满足怎样的数量关系时,四边形CEDF 为正方形?请说明理由.21.如图①,在矩形ABCD 中,动点P 从A 点出发沿折线AD DC CB →→运动,当点P 运动到点B 时停止,已知动点P 在AD ,BC 上的运动速度为1cm/s ,在DC 上的运动速度为2cm/s ,PAB △的面积()2cm y 与动点P 的运动时间()s t 的函数关系图象如图②.(1)a =_____,b =_______;(2)用文字说明点N 坐标的实际意义;(3)当t 为何值时,y 的值为22cm .22.如图所示,破残的圆形轮片上,弦AB 的垂直平分线交弧AB 于点C ,交弦AB 于点D .已知:24cm AB =,8cm CD =.(1)求作此残片所在的圆(不写作法,保留作图痕迹);(2)求(1)中所作圆的半径.23.小丽为校合唱队购买某种服装时,商店经理给出了如下优惠条件:如果一次性购买不超过10件,单价为80元;如果一次性购买多于10件,那么每增加1件,购买的所有服装的单价降低2元,但单价不得低于50元.按此优惠条件,小丽一次性购买这种服装付了1200元.请问她购买了多少件这种服装?24.如图,AB 是半圆O 的直径,C 、D 是半圆O 上的两点,且OD BC ‖,OD 与AC 交于点E .(1)若70B ∠=︒,求CAD ∠的度数;(2)若4AB =,3AC =,求DE 的长.25.如图,在ABC △中,AB AC =,以AC 为直径的O 交AB 于点D ,交BC 于点E .(1)求证:BE CE =;(2)若2BD =,3BE =,求AC 的长.26.请阅读下列材料:问题:已知方程210x x +-=,求一个一元二次方程,使它的根分别是已知方程根的2倍.解:设所求方程的根为y ,则2y x =,所以y x =.把2y x =代入已知方程,得21022y y ⎛⎫+-= ⎪⎝⎭化简,得2240y y +-=故所求方程为2240y y +-=.这种利用方程根的代换求新方程的方法,我们称为“换根法”.请用阅读材料提供的“换根法”求新方程(要求:把所求方程化为一般形式);(1)已知方程220x x +-=,求一个一元二次方程,使它的根分别为已知方程根的相反数,则所求方程为:_______;(2)已知关于x 的一元二次方程20ax bx c ++=有两个不等于零的实数根,求一个一元二次方程,使它的根分别是已知方程根的倒数.27.已知O 的半径为2,120AOB ∠=︒.(1)点O 到弦AB 的距离为______;(2)若点P 为优弧AB 上一动点(点P 不与A 、B 重合),设ABP α∠=,将ABP △沿BP 折叠,得到A 点的对称点为'A ;①若30α∠=︒,试判断点'A 与O 的位置关系;②若'BA 与O 相切于B 点,求BP 的长;③若线段'BA 与优弧APB 只有一个公共点,直接写出α的取值范围.。
江苏省淮安外国语学校2016-2017年度第一学期期中考试初三语文试题第一部分(24分)1. 阅读下面一段文字,按要求答题。
(4分)淮安市位于“日出斗金”的洪泽湖东畔.,古老的京杭大运河和年轻的京沪高速公路在这里_____(交汇、交集),璀璨的历史和灿烂的文明在这里共辉。
市境跨古淮河两岸,相传大禹曾至境内治水,“使淮水永安”,市名即淮水安lán之意。
正像那悠悠的淮水,淮安的历史源远流长。
早在五六千年前,市境就有先民们活动的综迹,并留下载入史册的“青莲岗文化”。
(1)给加点字注音,根据注音写汉字。
(2分)畔() lán()(2)文中有一个错别字,找出来并订正(1分)改成(3)选词填空:__________(1分)2.按要求修改下面句子。
(4分)①淮安菜讲究选料和前期加工;讲究刀工的合理运用;讲究火候的恰到好处;讲究调味的和合多变;讲究菜式的变化无常。
②其中的“软兜长鱼”、“平桥豆腐”、“鸡腿扒乌参”、“开洋扒蒲菜”、“朱桥甲鱼”、“清炒黄瓜鱼”、“白煮淮鲇”……等,③成为淮扬菜的早已经典代表。
《清稗类钞》录有全国五大名筵,淮安就独占其二,一为全鳝席,一为全羊席,与烧烤席、燕窝席、豚蹄席齐名天下。
(1)句①有一个成语使用不当,请修改:___________________________(2分)(2)句②有一标点使用有误,请修改:_____________________________(1分)(3)句③有语病,请修改:________________________________________(1分)3.名著导读。
(6分)(1)说言未了,只见A双眉剔起,两眼圆睁,坐在交椅上大喝道:“你前番我上山来时,也推道粮少房稀!今日晁兄与众豪杰到此山寨,你又发出这等言语来,是何道理?”吴用便道说:“头领息怒,自是我等来的不是,倒坏了你山寨情分。
今日王头领以礼发付我们下山,送与盘缠,又不曾热赶将去。
2016—2017学年度第一学期第二阶段学业质量监测试卷七年级数学(满分:100分 考试时间:100分钟)注意:1.选择题答案请用2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡...相应位置....上. 2.非选择题答案必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卷上的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效.一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题2分,共16分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中,恰有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母代号填涂在答题卡相应位置.......上) 1.下列四个算式中,有一个算式与其他三个算式的计算结果不同,该算式是A .(-1)2B .-(-1)C .-12D .|-1|2.南京地铁4号线计划于2017年1月通车运营,地铁4号线一期工程全长为33800米,将33800用科学记数法表示为 A .33.8×103B .3.38×104C .33.8×104D .3.38×1053.下列各组单项式中,同类项一组的是A .3x 3y 与3xy 3B .2ab 2与-3a 2bC .a 2与b 2D .-2xy 与3yx 4.如图,有一个直径为1个单位长度的圆片,把圆片上的点A 放在原点,并把圆片沿数轴向右滚动1周,点A 到达点A ′ 的位置,则点A ′ 表示的数是 A .-πB .-π2C .π2D .π5.如图,将一张长方形纸片ABCD 沿EF 折叠,点D 、C 分别落在D ′、C ′的位置处,若 ∠1=56°,则∠DEF 的度数是A .56°B .62°C .68°D .124°6.将一副三角尺按如图方式进行摆放,∠1与∠2不一定...互补的是 (第4题)(第5题)1ABCDE FC ′D ′7.已知线段AB 、CD ,点M 在线段AB 上,结合图形,下列说法不正确...的是 A .过点M 画线段CD 的垂线,交CD 于点E B .过点M 画线段AB 的垂线,交CD 于点E C .延长线段AB 、CD ,相交于点F D .反向延长线段BA 、DC ,相交于点F8.一个长方形的长和宽分别为3 cm 和2 cm ,依次以这个长方形的长和宽所在的直线为旋转轴,把长方形旋转1周形成圆柱体甲和圆柱体乙,两个圆柱体的体积分别记作V甲、V 乙,侧面积分别记作S 甲、 S 乙,则下列说法正确的是 A .V 甲<V 乙,S 甲=S 乙 B .V 甲>V 乙,S 甲=S 乙 C .V 甲=V 乙,S 甲=S 乙 D .V 甲>V 乙,S 甲<S 乙二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分.不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在答题卷相应位置.......上) 9.单项式-2x 2y 53的次数是 ▲ .10.比较大小:-3.13 ▲ -3.12.(填“<”、“=”或“>”)11.已知关于x 的一元一次方程x +2m =-1的解是x =1,则m 的值是 ▲ . 12.“两个数和的平方等于这两个数积的两倍加上这两个数的平方和”,在学过用字母表示数后,请借助符号描述这句话: ▲ . 13.若2a -b =2,则6+4b -8a = ▲ .14.如图,直线 a 、b 相交于点O ,将量角器的中心与点O 重合,发现表示60°的点在直线a 上,表示135°的点在直线b 上,则∠1= ▲ °.(第8题)A BM DF E (第7题)A1212B 12C 12 DO a 30° 60° 90°120°150° 0°180°b15.如图,将一刻度尺放在数轴上(数轴的单位长度是1 cm ),刻度尺上表示“0 cm ”、“8 cm ”的点分别对应数轴上的-2和x ,那么x 的值为 ▲ .16.如图,A 、B 是河l 两侧的两个村庄,现要在河l 上修建一个抽水站,使它到A 、B 两村庄的距离之和最小.数学老师说:连接AB ,则线段AB 与l 的交点C 即为抽水站的位置.其理由是: ▲ .17.互联网“微商”经营已经成为大众创业新途径.某微信平台上某件商品标价200元,按标价的九折销售,仍可获利20%.这件商品的进价是多少元?若设这件商品的进价为x 元,根据题意可列方程 ▲ .18.如图,在∠AOB 的内部有3条射线OC 、OD 、OE ,若∠AOC =50°,∠BOE =1n∠BOC ,∠BOD =1n∠AOB ,则∠DOE = ▲ °(用含n 的代数式表示).三、解答题(本大题共9小题,共64分.请在答题卷...指定区域内.....作答,解答时应写出文字说明、说理过程或演算步骤) 19.(8分)计算:(1) 48÷[(-2)3-(-4)]; (2)-23÷49×( 23 )2+(-1)4.20.(6分)先化简,再求值:x 2+(2xy -3y 2)-2(x 2+xy -2y 2),其中x =1,y =2.(第18题)AOC D EB(第16题)21.(8分)解方程:(1)5(x-1)-2(1-x)=3+2x;(2)x+12-1=2-3x2.22.(6分)观察下面的立体图形,把主视图、左视图、俯视图画出来.23.(6分)如图,直线AB、CD相交于点O,∠AOE=∠COF=90°.(1)∠DOE的余角是▲ (填写所有符合要求的角);(2)若∠DOE=70°,求∠BOF的度数.24.(6分)第十八届“飞向北京——飞向太空”全国青少年航空航天模型教育竞赛江苏预赛在南京举行.某校航模小组参赛选手中男生占该校参赛人数的一半,后来又增加2名男生,那么男生人数就占该校参赛人数的23.该校原有参赛男生多少人?(第22题)OFADE(第23题)B25.(7分)如图,已知∠α.(1)用直尺和圆规作∠AOB ,使∠AOB =∠α(保留作图的痕迹,不写作法); (2)用量角器画∠AOB 的平分线OC ;(3)在OC 上任取一点M (点M 不与点C 重合),过点M 分别画直线MP ⊥OA ,垂足为P ,画直线MN ‖OA ,交射线OB 于点N ,则点M 到射线OA 的距离是线段 ▲ 的长度,MN 与MP 的位置关系是 ▲ .26.(7分)如图,C 是线段AB 上一点,AB =16 cm ,BC =6 cm .(1)AC = ▲ cm ;(2)动点P 、Q 分别从A 、B 同时出发,点P 以2 cm/s 的速度沿AB 向右运动,终点为B ;点Q 以1 cm/s 的速度沿BA 向左运动,终点为A .当一个点到达终点时,另一个点也随之停止运动.求运动多少秒时,C 、P 、Q 三点中,有一点恰好是以另两点为端点的线段的中点?27.(10分)以下是两张不同类型火车的车票(“D ××××次”表示动车,“G ××××次”表示高铁):(第26题)(第25题) α(1)根据车票中的信息填空:该列动车和高铁是▲向而行(填“相”或“同”).(2)已知该列动车和高铁的平均速度分别为200km/h、300km/h,两列火车的长度不计.①经过测算,如果两列火车直达终点(即中途都不停靠任何站点),高铁比动车将早到1h,求A、B两地之间的距离;②在①中测算的数据基础上,已知A、B两地途中依次设有5个站点P1、P2、P3、P4、P5,且AP1=P1P2=P2P3=P3P4=P4P5=P5B,动车每个站点都停靠,高铁只停靠P2、P4两个站点,两列火车在每个停靠站点都停留5min.求该列高铁追上动车的时刻...。
南京外国语学校2016-2017学年度第一学期期中高一年级数学试题命题人高一数学备课组审核人朱胜强 一、填空题(42分)1.设全集 A = {x|x ≤ 2x +1≤5} , B = {x |0 < x ≤3},则A∩B =. 2. 4lg2 + 3lg5 - lg 51 = .3.若)3(log 244a a --有意义,则a 的取值范围是 . 知)1>>(25log log b a a b b a =+,则224b a b a ++的值为 .5.若集合{x|ax 2 + x +1 = 0}有且只有一个元素,则实数a 的取值集合 .知函数|lg |)(x x f =,若 a ≠ b ,且)()(b f a f =,则 ab = .知⎩⎨⎧≥+-=1,1<,4)14()(x a x a a x f x ,是(-∞, +∞)上的减函数,则a 的取值范围是 . 知 a,b 为常数,若2410)(,34)(22++=+++=x x b ax f x x x f ,则5a-b = .知 a - a -1 = 2,则=--++---442233)2)((a a a a a a . 知函数)32(log )(221+-=ax x x f 是偶函数,则 k = . 知函数)32(log )(221+-=ax x x f ,若函数的值域为R ,则常数a 的取值范围是 .12.若函数)1,0>)(31(log ≠-=a a ax y a 在区间(0,2)上是单调增函数,则常数a 的取值范围是 .13. 已知函数)(x f 为R 上的奇函数,满足)()2(x f x f =+,当x ∈(0,1)时,22)(-=x x f ,则)6(log 21f = .14. 函数)4lg(1)(k a a x f x x -+=-的定义域为R (常数a > 0,a ≠1),则实数的取值范围为 . 二、解答题 15.(8 分)设集合 A = {x | 2 < x < 4}, B = {a < x < 3a}.(1)若A∩B≠φ,求实数a 的范围.⑵若A ∪ B = {x|2< x < 6},求实数a 的值.16.(8分)函数a x x x f 2)(2-+=,若)(x f y =在区间(-1,1)内有零点,求a 的取值范围. 17. (8 分)已知R x x f x x x∈+=,244)( (1)求证:对一切实数x ,)1()(x f x f -=恒为定值.(2)计算:).7()6()0()3()4()5()6(f f f f f f f ++⋅⋅⋅++⋅⋅⋅+-+-+-+-18.(12分)画出函数|22|-=x y 的图象,并利用图象回答:(1)函数|22|-=x y 的值域与单调增区间;(2)k 为何值时,方程|2x - 2| = k 无解?有一解?有两解?19.(12分)对于在区间[m, n]上有意义的两个函数)(x f 与)(x g ,如果对任意],[n m x ∈均有1|)()(|≤-x g x f ,则称)(x f 与)(x g 在[m,n]上是接近的;否则称)(x f 与)(x g 在[m,n]上是非接近的.现有两个函数)3(log )(1a x x f a -=,与)1,0>(1log )(2≠-=a a ax x f a ,给定区间[a+2,a+3]. (1)若)(1x f 与)(1x f 在给定区间[a+2,a+3]上都有意义,求a 的取值范围;(2)讨论)(1x f 与)(1x f 在给定区间[a+2, a+3]上是否是接近的?20.(10分)已知)(x f ,)(x g 分别是定义在R 上的奇函数和偶函数,且xx g x f 3)()(=+ .(1)求 )(),(x g x f ;(2)若对于任意实数t ∈[0,1],不等式0<)()2(t ag t f +恒成立,求实数a 的取值范围;(3)若存在m ∈ [-2,-1],使得不等式0<)2()(m g m af +成立,求实数a 的取值范围.。
精心选一选:(每题2分,共20分)1.A. B.C. D.的相反数是( ).−3−13133−32.A.如果,那么 B.如果,那么C.如果,那么D.如果,那么运用等式性质的变形,正确的是( )a =b a +c =b −c =a c bca =b a =b =ac b ca =3=3a 2a23.A.个 B.个 C.个 D.个在数学课上,同学们在练习过点作线段所在直线的垂线段时,有一部分同学画出下列四种图形,请你数一数,错误的个数为( ).B AC 12344.A. B. C. D.把一张厚度为的纸对折次后厚度接近于( ).0.1mm 80.8mm2.6cm2.6mmmm0.185.A.旋转、平移 B.翻折,平移 C.翻折,旋转 D.旋转、旋转如图,如果将其中的甲图变成乙图,那么经过的变换正确的是( ).6.A.盒 B.盒 C.盒 D.盒学校小卖部货架上摆放着某品牌方便面,它们的三视图如图,则货架上的方便面至少有( ).78910耐心填一填:(每空2分,共20分)7.A. B.C. D.如图,是线段的中点,是线段的中点,下列说法错误的是( ).C ABD CB CD =AC −BD CD =AB −BD 12AC +BD =BC +CDCD =AB138.A. B.C.D.某车间原计划小时生产一批零件,后来每小时多生产件,用了小时不但完成了任务,而且多生产件,设原计划每小时生产个零件,则所列方程为( ).13101260x 13x =12(x +10)+6013x +60=12(x +10)−=10x 13x +6012−=10x +6012x139.A. B. C. D.不确定已知数轴上的三点,,所对应的数,,满足,和,那么线段与的大小关系为( ).A B C a b c a <b <c abc <0a +b +c =0AB BC AB >BCAB =BCAB <BC10.A. B. C. D.从起始站市坐火车到终点站市中途共停靠次,各站点到市距离如下:站点到市距离(千米)若火车车票的价格由路程决定,则沿途总共有不同的票价( )种.A G 5A B C D E F G A 44580511351495182522701314151711.的相反数与的绝对值的和是 .+5.7−7.712.若单项式与是同类项,则的值是 .2a x −2y b 3−3a 3b 2x x +y 13.若为最小的正整数,为的相反数的倒数,为相反数等于它本身的数,则 .a b a c 5(a +b )+4c =14.苏宁电器某品牌的家用电器,若按标价八折销售该电器件.则获利润元,其利润率为,现若按同一标价九折销售该电器件,则获得的纯利润为 元.150020%115.一根铁丝长为,剪下一部分围成一个长为宽为的长方形,则这根铁丝还剩下 .3a +2b a b 16.在直线上取一点,过点作射线,,使,当时,的度数是 .MN P P P A P B P A ⊥P B ∠MP A =40∘∠NP B的线段三等分,然后取走其中的一份,称为第一次操作;再将余下的每一条线段三等分,然后取走其中一份,称为第二次操作;如此重复操作,当第…长度为第一次操作结果第二次操作结果25.如图,是由一些棱长为单位的相同的小正方体组合成的简单几何体.()图中有__________块小正方体;()请在图方格纸中分别画出几何体的主视图、左视图和俯视图.()如果在其表面涂漆,则要涂__________平方单位.(几何体放在地上,底面无法涂上漆)11122326.已知平面上点、、、,按下列要求画出图形:()作直线,射线.()取线段的中点,连接并延长与射线交于点.()写出两角的数量关系:__________,理由是__________.()画出从点到射线的最短路线,画图的依据是__________.A B C D 1AB CB 2AB E DE DE CB O 3∠AED ∠BEO 4A CB AF 27.某工厂第一车间人数比第二车间人数的少人,如果从第二车间调人到第一车间,那么第一车间人数就是第二车间人数的,求原来每个车间的人数.4530103428.如图,直线与相交于点,,平分,请在图中画出并求出的度数.AB CD O ∠AOC :∠AOD =4:5OE ∠BOD OF ⊥AB ∠EOF 29.阅读理解:若、、为数轴上三点,若点到点的距离是点到点的距离倍,我们就称点是【, 】的好点.A B C C A C B 2C A B(1)数轴上数__________所表示的点是【, 】的好点.(2)如图,、为数轴上两点,点所表示的数为,点所表示的数为.现有一只电子蚂蚁从点出发,以个单位每秒的速度向左运动,到达点停止.①用的代数式表示__________,__________.②当为何值时,、和中恰有一个点为其余两点的好点?例如.如图,点表示的数为,点表示的数为.表示的点到点的距离是,到点的距离是,那么点是【,】的好点;又如,表示的点到点的距离是,到点的距离是,那么点就不是【,】的好点,但点是【, 】的好点.知识运用:如图,、为数轴上两点,点所表示的数为,点所表示的数为.1A −1B 21C A 2B 1C A B 0D A 1B 2D A B D B A 2M N M −2N 4M N 3A B A −20B 40P B 2A t P B =P A =t P A B。
2016—2017学年度第一学期期末学情分析样卷八年级英语2017.01考试时间:100分钟满分:100分(将答案按序号填在上.........)第一卷(选择题共50分)一、听力(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)第一部分听对话选图片本部分共有5道小题,每小题你将听到一小段对话,请根据你所听到的内容,从所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个正确的选项。
听每段对话前,你都有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各个小题将给出5秒钟的答题时间。
每段对话听两遍。
1. What did Simon see in the zoo last Sunday?A. B. C.2. What was the weather like in Beijjing last Friday?A. B. C.3. Where did Jack go during his summer holiday?A. B. C.4. Which festival does Millie like best?A. B. C.5. What does Tom’s kite look like?A. B. C.第二部分听对话或独白回答问题你将听到一段对话和两段独白,每段对话或独白后有几小题,请根据你所听到的内容,从所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个正确的答案。
听每段对话或独白前,你都有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各个小题将给出5秒钟的答题时间。
每段对话或独白听两遍。
听一段对话,回答第6~7题。
6. What are Lucy and Mike talking about?A. A birthday party.B. A new bike.C. Lucy’s parents.7. What did Lucy ask Mike to do?A. Say thanks to his parents.B. Join her in the party.C. Try her new bike.8. A. rainy B. snowy C. sunny9. A. sunshine B. wind C. cloud10. A. in the morning B. in the afternoon C. in the evening听第二段独白,回答11~15题。
2016-2017学年江苏省南京市秦淮外国语学校七年级(上)期中数学试卷一、选择题(共8小题)1.下列各式正确的是()A.﹣|﹣3|=3 B.+(﹣3)=3 C.﹣(﹣3)=3 D.﹣(﹣3)=﹣32.在下列数中,﹣10,,﹣|﹣|,﹣42,0,﹣(﹣),0.31331…(每两个1之间增加1个3),其中无理数有()个.A.2个 B.3个 C.4个 D.5个3.下列各式的计算结果正确的是()A.2x+3y=5xy B.5x﹣3x=2x2C.7y2﹣5y2=2 D.9a2b﹣4ba2=5a2b4.下列说法中,正确的是()A.正数和负数统称为有理数B.互为相反数的两个数之和为零C.如果两个数的绝对值相等,那么这两个数一定相等D.0是最小的有理数5.计算:的结果是()A.±2 B.0 C.±2或0 D.26.若|m|=3,|n|=5,且m﹣n>0,则m+n的值是()A.﹣2 B.﹣8或8 C.﹣8或﹣2 D.8或﹣27.已知单项式x a﹣1y3与3xy4+b是同类项,那么a、b的值分别是()A.B.C.D.8.有理数a,b,c在数轴上的位置如图,则|a+c|+|c﹣b|﹣|b﹣a|=()A.﹣2b B.0 C.2c D.2c﹣2b9.﹣的相反数是,﹣1的倒数是.10.2016年国庆黄金周前3天赶上了好天气,南京市商务局对全市120家重点商贸流通企业的检测显示,前3天累计销售超过25亿元,同比保持两位数高正长,其中25亿元用科学记数法表示为元.11.比较大小:﹣﹣(填“<”或“>”).12.平方等于16的数是,单项式﹣的系数是.13.如图是某同学在沙滩上用石子摆成的小房子:观察图形的变化规律,写出第8个小房子用了块石子.14.若数轴上的点A所对应的数是﹣2,那么与点A相距3个单位长度的点所表示的数是.15.定义“*”运算:a*b=ab+a+b+1,则(﹣2)*(﹣3)=.16.已知代数式x﹣2y的值是1,则代数式﹣2x+4y﹣1的值是.17.如图是一个简单的数值运算程序,当输入n的值为3时,则输出的结果为.18.已知两个方程3(x+2)=5x和4x﹣3(a﹣x)=6x﹣7(a﹣x)有相同的解,那么a的值是.三、解答题19.计算(1)(﹣8)+(+0.25)﹣(﹣9)+(﹣);(2)(﹣﹣+﹣)×(﹣48);(3)﹣14﹣[3﹣(﹣2)3]÷6;(4)化简:(3a2b﹣ab2)﹣4(﹣ab2+3a2b);(5)化简求值:x2﹣2(x2﹣3xy)+3(y2﹣2xy)﹣2y2,其中x=,y=﹣1.(1)2(2x+1)=1﹣5(x﹣2);(2)﹣=1.21.已知a,b互为相反数,c、d互为倒数,x的平方等于9,试求(a+b﹣cd)x+(cd)2016的值.22.已知x+y=,xy=﹣,求代数式(x+3y﹣3xy)﹣2(xy﹣2x﹣y)的值.23.夫子庙派出所巡警骑摩托车在东西大道上巡逻,某天他从岗亭处罚,晚上停留在A处,规定向东方向为正,当天行驶记录如下(单位:千米):+11,﹣9,7,﹣14,+8,﹣13,+4.①该巡警巡逻时离岗亭最远是千米.②在岗亭东面6千米处有个加油站,该巡警巡逻时经过加油站次.③A在岗亭何方?距岗亭多远?④若摩托车每行1千米耗油0.06升,那么该摩托车这天巡逻共耗油多少升?24.如图所示,四边形ABCD和CGEF分别是边长为xcm和ycm的正方形,(1)用含x和y的代数式表示图中阴影部分的面积.(2)当x=24,y=20时,求此阴影部分的面积.25.请观察下列算式,找出规律并填空=1﹣,=﹣,=﹣,=﹣则第10个算式是=,第n个算式为=.根据以上规律解答下题:若有理数a,b满足|a﹣1|+(b﹣3)2=0,试求:+++…+的值.26.已知数轴上有两点M,N对应的数分别为﹣2,4,点A为数轴上一动点,对应点的数为a.(1)若点A到点M,点N的距离相等,则点A对应的数为.求出a的值;若不存在,请说明理由.(3)若点A在点M左边,请化简:|a+2|﹣|a﹣4|.(4)当点A以每秒2的单位长度的速度从0(原点)向左运动,同时点M以每秒10个单位长度的速度向左运动,点N以每秒40个单位长度的速度向左运动,问它们同时出发,几秒后点A到点M、点N的距离相等?2016-2017学年江苏省南京市秦淮外国语学校七年级(上)期中数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(共8小题)1.下列各式正确的是()A.﹣|﹣3|=3 B.+(﹣3)=3 C.﹣(﹣3)=3 D.﹣(﹣3)=﹣3【解答】解:A、﹣|﹣3|=﹣3,故本选项错误;B、+(﹣3)=﹣3,故本选项错误;C、﹣(﹣3)=3,故本选项正确;D、﹣(﹣3)=3,故本选项错误.故选:C.2.在下列数中,﹣10,,﹣|﹣|,﹣42,0,﹣(﹣),0.31331…(每两个1之间增加1个3),其中无理数有()个.A.2个 B.3个 C.4个 D.5个【解答】解:﹣10,,﹣|﹣|,﹣42,0,﹣(﹣),0.31331…(每两个1之间增加1个3),其中无理数有,0.31331…(每两个1之间增加1个3)是无理数,故选:A.3.下列各式的计算结果正确的是()A.2x+3y=5xy B.5x﹣3x=2x2C.7y2﹣5y2=2 D.9a2b﹣4ba2=5a2b【解答】解:A、2x和3y不是同类项,不能合并.故本选项错误;B、5x和3x是同类项,可以合并,但结果为2x,故本选项错误;C、7y2和5y2是同类项,可以合并,但结果为2y,故本选项错误;D、9a2b和4ba2是同类项,可以合并,结果为5a2b,故本选项正确.4.下列说法中,正确的是()A.正数和负数统称为有理数B.互为相反数的两个数之和为零C.如果两个数的绝对值相等,那么这两个数一定相等D.0是最小的有理数【解答】解:A、根据整数和分数统称为有理数,故此选项错误;B、互为相反数的两个数之和为零,此选项正确;C、如果两个数的绝对值相等,那么这两个数可能相等也可能互为相反数,故此选项错误;D、有理数也可以是负数,故此选项错误.故选:B.5.计算:的结果是()A.±2 B.0 C.±2或0 D.2【解答】解:当a>0,b>0时,+=+=2,当a>0,b<0时,+=+=0,当a<0,b<0时,+=+=﹣2,当a<0,b>0时,+=+=0,故选:C.6.若|m|=3,|n|=5,且m﹣n>0,则m+n的值是()A.﹣2 B.﹣8或8 C.﹣8或﹣2 D.8或﹣2【解答】解:∵|m|=3,|n|=5,∴m=±3,n=±5,∵m﹣n>0,∴m=±3,n=﹣5,∴m+n=±3﹣5,∴m+n=﹣2或m+n=﹣8.7.已知单项式x a﹣1y3与3xy4+b是同类项,那么a、b的值分别是()A.B.C.D.【解答】解:单项式x a﹣1y3与3xy4+b是同类项,得,解得,故选:B.8.有理数a,b,c在数轴上的位置如图,则|a+c|+|c﹣b|﹣|b﹣a|=()A.﹣2b B.0 C.2c D.2c﹣2b【解答】解:∵由图可知,a<b<0<c,|a|>|b|>c,∴a+c<0,c﹣b>0,b﹣a>0,∴原式=(﹣a﹣c)+(c﹣b)﹣(b﹣a)=﹣a﹣c+c﹣b﹣b+a=﹣2b.故选:A.二、填空题9.﹣的相反数是,﹣1的倒数是﹣.【解答】解:﹣的相反数是,﹣1的倒数是﹣,故答案为:;﹣.10.2016年国庆黄金周前3天赶上了好天气,南京市商务局对全市120家重点商贸流通企业的检测显示,前3天累计销售超过25亿元,同比保持两位数高正长,其中25亿元用科学记数法表示为 2.5×109元.【解答】解:25亿=2 500 000 000=2.5×109.故答案为:2.5×109.【解答】解:|﹣|=,|﹣|=,﹣,故答案为:>.12.平方等于16的数是±4,单项式﹣的系数是﹣.【解答】解:平方等于16的数是±4,单项式﹣的系数是﹣,故答案为:±4;﹣.13.如图是某同学在沙滩上用石子摆成的小房子:观察图形的变化规律,写出第8个小房子用了96块石子.【解答】解:该小房子用的石子数可以分两部分找规律:屋顶:第一个是1,第二个是3,第三个是5,…,以此类推,第n个是2n﹣1;下边:第一个是4,第二个是9,第三个是16,…,以此类推,第n个是(n+1)2个.所以共有(n+1)2+2n﹣1=n2+4n.当n=8时,原式=64+32=96,故答案为:96.14.若数轴上的点A所对应的数是﹣2,那么与点A相距3个单位长度的点所表示的数是﹣5或1.【解答】解:如图:在点A左侧距离点A3个单位长度的点是﹣5,在点A右侧距离点A3个单位长度的点是1.故答案为:﹣5或1.=(﹣2)×(﹣3)+(﹣2)+(﹣3)+1=6﹣2﹣3+1=2.故答案为:2.16.已知代数式x﹣2y的值是1,则代数式﹣2x+4y﹣1的值是﹣3.【解答】解:∵x﹣2y的值是1,∴﹣2x+4y﹣1=﹣2(x﹣2y)﹣1=﹣2×1﹣1=﹣2﹣1=﹣3,故答案为:﹣3.17.如图是一个简单的数值运算程序,当输入n的值为3时,则输出的结果为30.【解答】解:当n=3时,∴n2﹣n=32﹣3=6<28,返回重新计算,此时n=6,∴n2﹣n=62﹣6=30>28,输出的结果为30.故答案为:30.18.已知两个方程3(x+2)=5x和4x﹣3(a﹣x)=6x﹣7(a﹣x)有相同的解,那么a的值是a=.【解答】解:由3(x+2)=5x解得x=3,由两个方程3(x+2)=5x和4x﹣3(a﹣x)=6x﹣7(a﹣x)有相同的解,得12﹣3(a﹣3)=18﹣7(a﹣3),解得a=,故答案为:a=.三、解答题19.计算(1)(﹣8)+(+0.25)﹣(﹣9)+(﹣);(2)(﹣﹣+﹣)×(﹣48);(3)﹣14﹣[3﹣(﹣2)3]÷6;(4)化简:(3a2b﹣ab2)﹣4(﹣ab2+3a2b);(5)化简求值:x2﹣2(x2﹣3xy)+3(y2﹣2xy)﹣2y2,其中x=,y=﹣1.【解答】解:(1)(﹣8)+(+0.25)﹣(﹣9)+(﹣),=﹣8+0.25+9﹣0.25,=17;(2)(﹣﹣+﹣)×(﹣48),=﹣×(﹣48)﹣×(﹣48)+×(﹣48)﹣×(﹣48),=8+﹣36+4,=12﹣36+,=﹣24+,=﹣24+1+,=﹣23+,=﹣22;(3)﹣14﹣[3﹣(﹣2)3]÷6,=﹣1﹣[3﹣(﹣8)]÷6,=﹣1﹣11÷6,=﹣1﹣,(4)化简:(3a2b﹣ab2)﹣4(﹣ab2+3a2b),=3a2b﹣ab2+4ab2+12a2b,=15a2b+34ab2;(5)化简求值:x2﹣2(x2﹣3xy)+3(y2﹣2xy)﹣2y2,=x2﹣2x2+6xy+3y2﹣6xy﹣2y2,=﹣x2+y2;当x=,y=﹣1时,原式=﹣+(﹣1)2=﹣+1=.20.解方程:(1)2(2x+1)=1﹣5(x﹣2);(2)﹣=1.【解答】解:(1)2(2x+1)=1﹣5(x﹣2),4x+2=1﹣5x+10,4x+5x=1+10﹣2,9x=9,x=1;(2)﹣=1,5(x﹣3)﹣2(4x+1)=10,5x﹣15﹣8x﹣2=10,5x﹣8x=10+15+2,﹣3x=27,x=﹣9.21.已知a,b互为相反数,c、d互为倒数,x的平方等于9,试求(a+b﹣cd)x+(cd)2016的值.【解答】解:∵a,b互为相反数,c、d互为倒数,x的平方等于9,∴a+b=0,cd=1,x=±3,当x=3时,(a+b﹣cd)x+(cd)2016=(0﹣1)×3+12016=﹣2;当x=﹣3时,(a+b﹣cd)x+(cd)2016=(0﹣1)×(﹣3)+12016=4.22.已知x+y=,xy=﹣,求代数式(x+3y﹣3xy)﹣2(xy﹣2x﹣y)的值.【解答】解:原式=x+3y﹣3xy﹣2xy+4x+2y=5(x+y)﹣5xy,当x+y=,xy=﹣时,原式=5×+5×=.23.夫子庙派出所巡警骑摩托车在东西大道上巡逻,某天他从岗亭处罚,晚上停留在A处,规定向东方向为正,当天行驶记录如下(单位:千米):+11,﹣9,7,﹣14,+8,﹣13,+4.①该巡警巡逻时离岗亭最远是11千米.②在岗亭东面6千米处有个加油站,该巡警巡逻时经过加油站4次.③A在岗亭何方?距岗亭多远?④若摩托车每行1千米耗油0.06升,那么该摩托车这天巡逻共耗油多少升?【解答】解:根据题意可得:向东方向为正,则向西方向为负.①∵+11,11﹣9=2,2+7=9,9﹣14=﹣5,﹣5+8=3,3﹣13=﹣10,﹣10+4=﹣6,∴最远是11千米,故答案为:11;②巡警巡逻时经过岗亭东面6千米处加油站应该是4次:第一次,第二次,第三次,第四次,故答案为:4;③根据题意可得:+11﹣9+7﹣14+8﹣13+4=﹣6,即A在岗亭西面6千米处;④该巡警巡逻时,共行驶了11+9+7+14+8+13+4=66km,若摩托车每行1千米耗油0.06升,那么该摩托车这天巡逻共耗油66×0.06=3.96升.24.如图所示,四边形ABCD和CGEF分别是边长为xcm和ycm的正方形,(1)用含x和y的代数式表示图中阴影部分的面积.(2)当x=24,y=20时,求此阴影部分的面积.【解答】解:(1)连接DG,如图所示:由AD=BC=x,DF=x﹣yS△AFG=S△ADG﹣S△ADF﹣S△DFG=×AD×AB﹣×AD×DF﹣×DF×CG=x2﹣x(x﹣y)﹣y(x﹣y)=y2=y2.所以图中阴影部分的面积:S=S△AFG(2)当x=24,y=20时,此阴影部分的面积为:S=×20×20=200.25.请观察下列算式,找出规律并填空=1﹣,=﹣,=﹣,=﹣则第10个算式是=﹣,第n个算式为=.根据以上规律解答下题:若有理数a,b满足|a﹣1|+(b﹣3)2=0,试求:+++…+的值.【解答】解:;;;.∵|a﹣1|+(b﹣3)2=0,∴a=1,b=3,∴+++…+,=+++…+,=×(1﹣+﹣+…+﹣),=×(1﹣),=×,=.26.已知数轴上有两点M,N对应的数分别为﹣2,4,点A为数轴上一动点,对应点的数为a.(1)若点A到点M,点N的距离相等,则点A对应的数为1.(2)数轴上是否存在点A,使点A到点M、点N的距离之和为9?若存在,请求出a的值;若不存在,请说明理由.(3)若点A在点M左边,请化简:|a+2|﹣|a﹣4|.(4)当点A以每秒2的单位长度的速度从0(原点)向左运动,同时点M以每秒10个单位长度的速度向左运动,点N以每秒40个单位长度的速度向左运动,问它们同时出发,几秒后点A到点M、点N的距离相等?【解答】解:(1)根据题意得,a﹣(﹣2)=4﹣a,∴a=1,故答案为:1;(2)存在,∵点A到点M、点N的距离之和为9,∴|a+2|+|a﹣4|=9,当a≤﹣2时,原方程可化为:﹣a﹣2+4﹣a=9,解得x=﹣3.5;当﹣2<a<4时,原方程可化为:a+2+4﹣a=9,则4=5 (舍)当x≥4时,原方程可化为:a+2+a﹣4=9,解得x=5.5;综上:点A对应的数为﹣3.5或5.5时,它到点M、点N的距离之和为9;(3)∵点A在点M左边,∴a<﹣2,∴|a+2|﹣|a﹣4|=﹣a﹣2﹣4+a=﹣6;(4)设同时出发x分钟后点A到点M、点N的距离相等.①点A在点M与点N之间,根据题意,得10x+2﹣x=x+4﹣40x解得x=;②点N追上点M时,根据题意得40x﹣10x=6,解得x=,答:同时出发或分钟后点A到点M、点N的距离相等.赠送初中数学几何模型【模型一】“一线三等角”模型:图形特征:45°45°45°运用举例:1.如图,若点B在x轴正半轴上,点A(4,4)、C(1,-1),且AB=BC,AB⊥BC,求点B的坐标;xyBCAO2.如图,在直线l上依次摆放着七个正方形(如图所示),已知斜放置的三个正方形的面积分别是1、2、3,正放置的四个正方形的面积依次是1S、2S、3S、4S,则14S S+=.ls4s3s2s13213. 如图,Rt△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,AB=AC=2,点D在BC上运动(不与点B,C重合),过D作∠ADE=45°,DE交AC于E.(1)求证:△ABD∽△DCE;(2)设BD=x,AE=y,求y关于x的函数关系式,并写出自变量x的取值范围;(3)当△ADE是等腰三角形时,求AE的长.B4.如图,已知直线112y x =+与y 轴交于点A ,与x 轴交于点D ,抛物线212y x bx c =++与直线交于A 、E 两点,与x 轴交于B 、C 两点,且B 点坐标为 (1,0)。
2016-2017学年度第一学期六年级数学学科学业质量监测试卷一、计算2.按要求计算下列各题(每小题2 分,共6 分)9585: (化简比) 2.41.6:(求比值)43:30分钟(化简比)3.分别计算正方体的体积和长方体的表面积(每小题3 分,共6 分)4.怎样算简便怎样算(每小题4分,共16分)127−(57+12)23×7+23×514÷8×89÷8915÷[(23+15)×113]二、填空(每空1分,共21分) 1.在〇里填上“>”、“<”或“=”957695O ⨯ 766565÷O420毫升O 42立方厘米 O 8787.5%2. 0.6=3( )=9:( )=( )÷20=( )%=( )折3.大小两个魔方的棱长比是2:3,它们的表面积之比是( ),体积比是( )。
4.新华小学六(1)班今天有38人到校上课,一人病假,一人事假,今天六(1)班的出勤率是( )% 。
5.五(2)班有女生18人,占全班人数的73,全班有( )人,男生有( )人。
6.一条连衣裙200元,商场打八折出售,如果买这条连衣裙能便宜( )元。
7.用35 根1 米长的栅栏靠墙围成一个长方形菜地(如图),长和宽的比是3 : 2 ,这个长方形菜地的面积是( )平方米。
8.王老师编了本 《成语, 出版后稿费为5000 元,按规定超过3000 元的部分应缴纳15% 的个人所得税,王老师应缴纳个人所得税( )元,他实际得到稿费( )元。
9.100 克水加20 克蜂蜜调10.图中的方法测量出不规则石头的体积是( )立方厘米。
棱长 7 厘米的正方体 往缸里面放一块石头 缸里的水还剩75 三、选择(每小题 1 分,共 6 分) 1.观察( )个班的近视率最高。
A .一班 B .二班 C .三班2.41与51的和的倒数是( ) A.9 B.209 C.9203.已知一片树叶长与宽的比是10 :1 ,这片树叶应该是()。
2016-2017学年江苏省南京市某校高三(上)期初英语试卷第一部分听力(共两小节,满分5分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上.录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上.第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.1. What is the weather like today?A Rainy.B Sunny.C Windy.2. How long is the restaurant open every day?A About three hours.B About seven hours.C About ten hours.3. What does the woman ask the man to do?A Meet Anna.B Send an e-mail.C Answer a call.4. Who is the woman?A A doctor.B A chemist.C A computer programmer.5. Where did the man put the old cases?A In the yellow boxes.B In the drawers.C In the bookcase.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.6. 听第6段材料,回答第6至7题.6.Where is Monica?A In the Personnel Department.B In a meeting room.C In the man's office.7.What does the man want Monica to do?A.Talk with Kelly.B.Return to her office.C.Ring him back.7. 听第7段材料,回答第8至9题.8.What is the relationship between the speakers?A Host and guest.B Boss and employee.C Interviewer and interviewee.9.What does the man think of his last boss?A.Boring.B.Respectable.C.Demanding.8. 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题.10.Where is the waterfall?A In Galina Park.B In Waleria Park.C In National Park.11.When can people visit the waterfall?A.In April.B.In February.C.In January.12.How high is the waterfall?A.10 meters.B.28 meters.C.42 meters.9. 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题.13.How did Erica first get to know koalas?A She saw them on TV.B Her parents told her about them.C She saw them on he r first trip to Australia.14.What does Erica say about koalas?A.They look like bears.B.They eat a little every day.C.They are not good at climbing trees.15.How long can koalas live?A.7 years.B.10 years.C.17 years.16.What mainly leads to a decrease in the number of koalas?A.People kill them for their fur.B.They get injured by other animals.C.Their living places are damaged.10. 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题.17.When did the Weston Museum of science first open?A In 1859.B In 1899.C In 1951.18.When is the museum open for 12hours?A.On Thursday.B.On Friday.C.On Saturday.19.What is the subject of the children's activity this week?A.Planets.B.Photography.C.Travel.20.What does the speaker remind people?A.The museum car park isn't open until July 24.B.The cafe will open in a few days.C.The museum is under repair now.第二部分:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.11. In his lecture, the professor referred to the belief ______ the elderly are wise, ______is particularly dominant(支配的)in Chinese culture.A that; oneB that; one thatC which; whichD that; that12. Every time he ______ an order, he received a failure notice, which either informed him thattickets were sold out or that too many people were waiting in front of him.A registeredB underlinedC submittedD substituted13. ______ all the difficulties that his disease has caused him,Stephen Hawking has achieved more than many healthy people do.A In spite ofB In terms ofC On account ofD With regard to14. Consumers, whose purchases ______ about 70% of economic activity,face a variety of challenges.A take upB account forC hold upD turn over15. Though it is 20 years ______ we last met, I still remember the scene ______ we got separated on a rainy day.A before; whereB since; whereC since; whenD before; which16. Beijing was under an "orange" smog alert on Feb.24,which marks the first time the second-highest warning level of a new system introduced last year ______.A has been raisedB raisedC has risenD rose17. "Qianshui", which ______ means diving,now refers to someone who only views the postings across the website but never makes any comments.A deliberatelyB originallyC accidentallyD ridiculously18. To tell you the truth, the explosion in Tianjin and the damage______ resulted in set me thinking a lot.A whichB thatC itD what19. —I feel terrible. I didn't do well in the math test.— ______. You're already making progress and will surely learn it well.A Don't be sillyB Don't take things for grantedC Don't put the cart before the horseD Don't take it too hard20. —Tina failed again in the math exam!—But it was an easy test and she ______.A could passB must have passedC would passD should have passed21. The expression "APEC Blue" took off with the public after the APEC meetings,______ to the amazing, temporary, blue skies over Beijing.A referredB having referredC to have referredD referring22. Hotels sell service rather than a product, or, to ______ it another way,service is their product.A putB placeC setD speak23. _____ girls can be ______ they would like to be, whether it is a pilot or an astronaut,is being accepted all around the world.A What; whomeverB That; whateverC If; whoeverD 不填; whatever24. According to the library rules, no one ______ take any magazine out of the reading room.A needB mayC shallD will25. According to international standards, a country or region is considered to have an "aging society" ______ the number of people over 60 reaches 10% or more of its population.A unlessB onceC thoughD before第三部分:完形填空(共1小题;每小题20分,满分20分)快速阅读下面的短文,掌握文章大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.26.People often ask me how I write with four children.More often than not, my stories are pieced together, written, and edited in a series of(1)______ moments. If I'm working while the kids are home, I have the added(2)______ of tuning out their chaos. I'll write and write until I fall under a spell(着迷), and just when I was getting(3)______, it happens—Camille will(4)______ into my office wearing a big smile—and a smelling diaper(尿布).I wish I had a daily(5)______, a solid time no one can interrupt, but I don't. I may go days or even weeks without writing. I hate these(6)______, but much as I like to believe the world needs my writing, my daughters need me much more. So for now I write when I can. While this arrangement works, I sometimes(7)______ how productive I'd be if my life wasn't stop-and-go. With time on my side, I could be a writing machine,(8)______ at once what would normally take me months.This leads me to a question I find(9)______ to all parents: Do kids hold back or(10)______ our dreams? Children are needy by nature, and regardless of how much(11)______ we show them, they want more. By the time we tend to them, we're tired out—and(12)______ in the mood to follow our dream. They push our personal pleasures(13)______ and slow us down, making tortoises out of hares.On the other hand, children add a richness to our lives that I believe inspires better work, thus(14)______ for time we lose. As a writer, I don't find inspiration sitting at my computer.(15)______, I find it when I'm out living, and the (16)______ I take because of my children-going to the ballpark, birthday parties, even doctor visits—put me in(17)______ with people who constantly set off new ideas. Many ideas arise through(18)______ conversation, which can(19)______ me like thunder. Immediately, I'll make a mental note, knowing that someday I'll use that(20)______ in a story.(1)A quietB stolenC criticalD precious(2)A courageB challengeC instructionD priority(3)A directionB inventionC inspirationD application(4)A crawlB slipC jogD tiptoe(5)A habitB methodC techniqueD routine(6)A breaksB daysC weeksD needs(7)A doubtB believeC denyD wonder(8)A operatingB workingC accomplishingD running(9)A challengingB remainingC relevantD controversial(10)A preventB inspireC awakeD interpret(11)A attentionB effortC concentrationD time(12)A hardlyB practicallyC totallyD fairly(13)A aheadB backC asideD down(14)A allowingB turningC callingD compensating(15)A StillB InsteadC ThereforeD Consequently(16)A coursesB chancesC risksD paths(17)A harmonyB agreementC lineD contact(18)A briefB normalC casualD intelligent(19)A explodeB hitC destroyD multiply(20)A pieceB talkC sceneD acquaintance第四部分:阅读理解(共4小题:每小题4分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.27.Best Vacation Home & Rental Deals$240-$350—Ojai, CA: 3-Bedroom Home in Historic DowntownProviding a ton of value versus Ojais pricey hotels, this home with patios and a fire pit accommodates up to SIX.Through December$225—Lake Arrowhead 2-Nt.Cabin Retreat, Save 65%Retreat to a cozy cabin in the mountains and discover the great outdoors with this exclusive Lake Arrowhead deal that saves 65% on regular rates.Arrive through Dec.18, 2015$149—Colorado Springs: Home for 8 in Historic DowntownRetreat to this Victorian home with a patio located in the heart of downtown near restaurants, galleries and shops.Many dates September-December$139—Nlaui: Apartment for 4 near Beach w/Pool &ParkingThis upgraded apartment comes with a parking spot and is within a five-minute walk of Kamaole Beach.Through December$189—Seattle: Charming Home for 8 Near DowntownRetreat to a three-bedroom home with large backyard close to both the airport and downtown.Many dates between September-December$319—Sonoma Wine Country 2-Bedroom Apartment for 4Stay in a newly-renovated flat that's walking distance to wineries and downtown.Many dates through 2016; 2-nt.stay required.(1)Which of the following vacation homes charges the lowest rental for 8 family members?A Ojai, CA.B Nlaui.C Seattle.D Colorado Springs.(2)If you rent Lake Arrowhead, you can ______.A walk on the beachB visit the galleriesC enjoy the wineD explore the natural beauty28.Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos(细高跟鞋). "It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis(骨关节炎)—and once you do, it is too late," said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine. "I compare it to smoking—one cigaretteis not painful, but overall lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wearthem all day long," Kerrigan said. "They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as bad for your knees."In the study, researchers had twenty women wear two pairs of shoes with three-inch heels, one with a narrow heel and the other with a thick one. The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the women's knees by both types of shoes. The women also walked barefoot to test normal pressure. The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees. Compared with walking barefoot, the heels increased pressure on the inside of the knee by 26 percent. Increased pressure on the knee eventually leads to arthritis(关节炎), experts say.The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new—scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained(扭伤)ankles and back problems. But in 1998, Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage(软骨)surrounding the knee. The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing. "This study confirms what we all intuitively(直觉地)know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health," said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.(1)We learn from the passage that women choose chunky heels because________.A they want to walk comfortablyB chunky heeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto heeled pairsC chunky heels do less harm to kneesD chunky heels are not painful at all(2)It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A people got to know the high heels are bad for health recentlyB people have known the high heels are bad for health for yearsC people haven't known the high heels are bad for health yetD people will be warned that the high heels are bad for health soon(3)The best title for the passage may be ______.A Taking Healthy Knees into ConsiderationB High-heels Do Harm toKnees C Chunky Heels and Stiletto Heels D When Wearing High-heels29. Overcoming feelings of defeat is not only possible, but very important as we want to prevent the "other side" of being bipolar (两极性的) getting you down. Such feelings and thoughts can cause a major depressive episode (抑郁阶段); so we must look at the events and possibly poor decisions and impulse behaviors of the manic (狂躁的) episode from a balanced and objective view. We can then correct and improve our prevention and action plans to prevent another manic episode from being caused in the future.There are two areas that you will want to focus on while recovering from a manic episode. The first is self-education. And the second is the education of your family and friends. Your self-education process will consist of taking an objective look at recent events. Take note of what you were thinking and feeling. Note your triggers. Track your recent behaviors, especially the ones that might have caused negative responses from family and friends. You cannot change anything in the past or the events that have led to here and now. But you canmove them aside from yourself and look at the events from an objective point of view and assess the distorted (扭曲的) thoughts that you have had. You can then assess what caused distorted thinking that might have led to bad behaviors. You can assess what makes you feel vulnerable (易受伤害的). From this information you can change your wellness and action plan and make adjustments to your lifestyle and relationships to prevent another manic episode or to teach other people how to help you.This leads us to the second area of focus—educating your friends and family. There is no better time than the present for this. Consider setting an appointment with your therapist (精神治疗家) and asking your most trusted family member, your spouse or a very trusted friend, to come with you to an appointment. During this appointment, you will have your therapist share with your loved one to receive first-hand education about your condition and they will clearly know that you need support and understanding. This is beyond simple psycho-education about bipolar disorder and what bipolar disorder is. Indeed, your family, loved ones, spouse and friends, will benefit from learning this and I encourage you to encourage them to attend family support groups where they will learn more and more. But in addition to this, appointments with your therapist can make a huge difference. Over time, you might even be able to persuade your family to get involved in family therapy with you. Remember, your past does not define you. Your mental illness does not define who you are as a human being. You were born with innate (先天的) gifts and talents. You are a good human being and you deserve to be treated as such. So, you must also treat yourself with love, respect and understanding. Often, it is the sufferer who is hardest on himself or herself. Check your negative thoughts and thoughts of self-judgment and criticism, and use your positive thinking skills to change those. Get back into the world, volunteer and visit friends.(1)What is the "other side" of being bipolar?A Depressive and manic episodes.B Ideas and feelings in your inner heart.C The po sitive aspects of your emotions.D A balanced and objective view of point.(2)What does the underlined word "triggers" refer to?A The devices which cause explosion.B Factors that cause something to happen.C C hanges that your self-education brings.D Behaviors that influence your wellness.(3)How to have self-education when you have feelings of defeat?A Contacting your therapist and following his/her advice.B Facing reality and adjusting yourself and the relationship with others.C Refusing those negative feelings and strong r esponses from others.D Ignoring your past bad behaviors and asking other people for he lp.(4)What is the purpose of the education of your family and friends?A To tell them that your situation is not awful at all.B To ask your therapist to persuade them to be strong.C To beg them not to give you up or look down on you.D To let the m know your situation and help you get through it.(5)What does the last paragraph mainly tell us to do?A Try to get back into your familiar world.B Believe in yourself and reduce your stress.C Participate in the volunteer work actively.D Believe that there will be no difficulty with the help of friends.30.It was eleven o'clock that night when Mr. Pontellier returned from his night out. He was in an excellent humor, in high spirits, and very talkative. His entrance awoke his wife, who was in b ed and fast asleep when he came in. He talked to her while he undressed, telling her anecdot es and bits of news and gossip that he had gathered during the day. She was overcome with sl eep, and answered him with little half utterances.He thought it very discouraging that his wife, who was the sole object of his existence, showe d so little interest in things which concerned him and valued so little his conversation. Mr. Pontellier had forgotten the candies and peanuts that he had promised the boys. Still, he l oved them very much and went into the room where they slept to take a look at them and ma ke sure that they were resting comfortably. The result of his investigation was far from satisf actory. He turned and shifted the youngsters about in bed. One of them began to kick and talk about a basket full of crabs.Mr. Pontellier returned to his wife with the information that Raoul had a high fever and need ed looking after. Then he lit his cigar and went and sat near the open door to smoke it. Mrs. Pontellier was quite sure Raoul had no fever. He had gone to bed perfectly well, she said, and Nothing had made him sick. Mr. Pontellier was too well familiar with fever symptoms to be mistaken. He assured her the child was burning with fever at that moment in the next roo m.He reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children. If it was not a mother's place to look after children, whose on earth was it? He himself had his hands full with his business. He could not be in two places at once; making a living for his family on the street, and staying home to see that no harm done to them. He talked in a dull, repeated and i nsistent way.Mrs. Pontellier sprang out of bed and went into the next room. She soon came back and sat o n the edge of the bed, leaning her head down on the pillow. She said nothing, and refused to a nswer her husband when he questioned her. When his cigar was smoked out, he went to bed, and in half a minute was fast asleep.Mrs. Pontellier was by that time thoroughly awake. She began to cry a little, and wiped her ey es on the sleeve of her nightdress. She went out on the porch, where she sat down and began to rock herself in the chair.It was then past midnight. The cottages were all dark. There was no sound except the hootin g of an old owl and the everlasting voice of the sea, which broke like a mournful lullaby(催眠曲)upon the night.The tears came so fast to Mrs. Pontellier's eyes that the damp sleeve of her nightdress no lon ger served to dry them. She went on crying there, not caring any longer to dry her face, her e yes, her arms.She could not have told why she was crying. Such experiences as had just happened were not uncommon in her married life. They seemed never before to have weighed much against the abundance(充足) of her husband's kindness and a uniform devotion which had come to be self-understood.An indescribable oppression, which seemed to generate in some unfamiliar part of her consc iousness, filled her whole being with vague pain. It was like a shadow, like a mist passing acr oss her soul's summer day. It was strange and unfamiliar; it was a mood. She did not sit there inwardly scolding her husband, expressing sadness about Fate, which had directed her foots teps to the path which they had taken. She was just having a good cry all to herself.The mosq uitoes succeeded in driving away a mood which might have held her there in the darkness ha lf a night longer.The following morning Mr. Pontellier was up in good time to take the carriage which was to c onvey him to the ship. He was returning to the city to his business, and they would not see hi m again at the Island till the coming Saturday. He had regained his calmness, which seemed t o have been somewhat weakened the night before. He was eager to be gone, as he looked for ward to a lively week in the financial center.(1)Why didn't Mr. Pontellier's wife showed much interest in his conversation?A She was tired of her husband's anecdotes and gossip.B She was sleepy when he retur ned home.C She disliked it that her husband came home once a week.D Her husban d contributed little to the family.(2)How do you understand the sentence "Mrs.Pontellier sprang out of bed and went into the next room"?A She reacted rudely against her husband's dull,insistent talking. B She couldn't put up with her husband's smoking any longer. C She feared that her child should have developed a fever. D Her child was talking about a bask et full of crabs.(3)What does the underlined word "they" refer to?A The husband and wife.B Experiences.C Tears.D Her face, eyes, arms.(4)Which of the following concerning the husband is right?A The husband cared much about his wife's feelings.B He lay the burden of child care alt ogether on his wife.C He felt grateful to his wife for her attendance to the family.D T he wife blamed her unfortunate fate on her husband.(5)Why did the writer mention "the mosquitoes" in the last paragraph but one?A To indicate that it was a summer's night.B To symbolize an annoying night.C To h elp the plot to end an event.D To represent the writer's personality—hard working.第五部分:任务型阅读(共1小题;每小题10分,满分10分)请认真阅读下面的短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词.注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上.31.In all fields of life, and particularly within the commercial world, when managed effectively,competition can deliver a wealth of benefits. It can provide individuals with the motivation they need to work hard and achieve objectives. It can encourage effective teamwork as managers seek to use the different strong points of team members to secure the best team performance. It can contribute to greater commitment to quality as people seek to use this as a way to beat their competitors. Healthy competition can cause the development of creativity as individuals seek out all possible ways to get ahead of the crowd. It can also help managers to identify which individual makes progress under pressure and which is better suited to less stressful roles.However, employers can often find it difficult to agree on the type of competition they want within their organization, the targets they'll use and the measurement techniques they'll apply. For example, it's common for businesses to give different sales teams clear targets with the lure(诱惑)of the highest bonuses for the top performers. While this will usually give rise to healthy competition, it can also mean that important long-term projects get pushed to one side as the team devotes all its energy to achieving the short-term target. So it's important that the goals and objectives which are set for teams are in line with wider business requirements. Additionally, in very competitive organizations, managers should get individuals to see the bigger picture and act in the best interest of their organization as a whole, rather than to follow the very narrow targets they have set as individuals or as a team.Thus, employers have to be careful not to let competition have a ruinous effect on morale (士气) at any level. Equally, businesses should introduce clear processes and guidelines that prevent individuals from different teams quarrelling about the allocation of sales income if parties from different teams have worked together to win a contract(合同). Infighting such as this is always damaging. Moreover, managers must also be alert to the risk of creating conditions where bullying(欺凌)can be used.To encourage healthy competition in an organization, you must introduce very clear policies regarding competition and ensure the information is communicated effectively. Individuals must know what behavior is acceptable within a competitive environment, and what behavior is considered not acceptable. Also, you should ensure that individuals are measured against all desirable targets but not one simple goal. Ensure that you have senior managers who are able to take a "helicopter view" and judge fairly between teams for the greater good when arguments do unavoidably arise.第六部分:书面表达(共1小题,分25分)阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文.32.A peacock was very unhappy with his ugly voice; and he spent most of his days complaining about it."It is true that you cannot sing;" said the fox, "but look how beautiful you are!""Oh, but what good is all this beauty;" cried the bird, "with such an unpleasant voice!" "Listen," said the fox, "each one owns something good; you have such beauty; the nightingale has his song; and the owl has his eyes. Even if you had a sweet voice, you would still complain about another thing. Why can't you just be happy about what you have already got?"【写作内容】1、以约30个词概括短文的主要内容;2、以约120个词就“停止抱怨并珍惜自己所拥有的”这一主题发表你的看法,内容包括:(1)你或你身边的人的类似事例;(2)谈谈你对该主题的看法。
2017南京市秦淮外国语学校七上语文10月测试卷含答案(满分100分时间90分钟)一(22分)1、根据课文内容填空。
(10分)1)秋风萧瑟,。
(曹操《观沧海》)2)我寄愁心与明月,。
(李白《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》)3)潮平两岸阔,。
(王湾《次北固山下》)4),江春入旧年。
(王湾《次北固山下》)5)夕阳西下,。
(马致远《天净沙·秋思》)6)夜发清溪向三峡,。
(李白《峨眉山月歌》)7),落花时节又逢君。
(杜甫《江南逢李龟年》)8),应傍战场开。
(岑参《行军九日思长安故园》)9)不知何处吹芦管,。
(李益《夜上受降城闻笛》)10)“”,不错的,像母亲的手抚摸着你。
(朱自清《春》)答案:洪波涌起随君直到夜郎西风正一帆悬海日生残夜断肠人在天涯思君不见下渝州正是江南好风景遥怜故园菊一夜征人尽望乡吹面不寒杨柳风解析:本题考查学生古诗文的背诵、默写,能熟练的背诵并准确的默写,不出现错别字,对于一些理解性的背诵默写的诗句要理解原句。
考生注意填写名句漏填和错填均不得分。
2、给加点字注音,根据拼音写汉字。
(4分)着.()落应和.()分qí()dǎo()告答案:zhuóhè歧祷解析:本题考查学生掌握字音、字形的情况。
名著题(4分)3、在图书馆,新生小林想借一本名著,你像他推荐《朝花夕拾》,下列不能作为推荐语的一项是()A.这本书记录了鲁迅先生的一些往事,留下了他成长的足迹,给人很多启发,值得一读。
B.我喜欢这本书里的《从百草园到三味书屋》,讲的是鲁迅先生入学前后富有童趣的事。
C.这书可有意思了,比如鲁迅先生小时候和伙伴们夜半看迎神赛会后偷罗汉豆,很好玩。
D.这书像人物画廊,有迷信而善良的保姆长妈妈,还有严谨而正直的老师藤野先生……答案:C解析:本题考查学生掌握名著的情况。
C是《社戏》——选自鲁迅先生小说集《呐喊》4、请你用正楷字体抄写:“赠人玫瑰,手留余香”(4分)二(28分)文言文阅读理解(12分)陈太丘与友期行陈太丘与友期行,期日中,过中不至,太丘舍去,去后乃至。
南京秦淮外国语学校2015~2016学年度第一学期初三年级第二次月考测试化学试卷考试时间:60分钟 命题人:吕 明可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1- C 12- O 16- M g 24- Al -27 S 32-Cl 35.5- C a 40- F e 56- C u 64- Z n 65- 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题(每题只有一个答案,15小题共30分) 1.下列物质的性质属于化学性质的是( ) A .铁具有银白色金属光泽 B .二氧倾碳是无色无味的气体 C .一氧化碳有毒性D .石墨是具有金属光泽的深灰色固体 2.下列物质中,属于纯净物的是( ) A .硬铝 B .稀盐酸 C .石灰石 D .金刚石 3.423(NH )CO 中氮元素的化合价为( )A .-3B .0C .+3D .+5 4.下列化学用语书写正确的是( ) A .氦气He B .4个氢原子4H C .氧化铁FeO D .2个碳酸根离子 5.下列做法正确的是( ) A .电器着火用水扑灭B .室内起火时打开门窗通风C .用明火检查液化气罐是否漏气D .油锅着火用锅盖盖灭6.在下图所示的标志中,加油站必须张贴的是( )7.3AgNO 固体见光或受热易分解,故用棕色试剂瓶保存。
3AgNO 固体受热分解时,放出一种有●●性气味的气体,它可能是( ) A .2SO B .2NO C .3NHD .2N8.当今世界三大环境问题是酸雨、臭氧层衰竭和温室●●,其中形成酸雨的主要原因是人们向空气中大量排放了有害气体,它们主要是( )A .2SO 和2NOB . 2SO 和COC .4CH 和COD .CO 和●10.2015年诺贝尔医学奖得主,我国著名药学家屠呦呦发现了青蒿素(青蒿素的化学式:15225C H O )。
它是一种用于治疗疟疾的药物,挽救了全球特别是发展中国家的数百万人的生命。
下列关于青蒿素叙述正确的是( ) A .青蒿素属于氧化物B .青蒿素由42个原子构成C .青蒿素中质量分数最大的是氢元素D .青蒿素中碳、氢、氧元素的质量比为90:11:4011.下列问题的研究中,没有运用对比实验思想方法的是( )13.有56克不纯的铁与足量的●硫酸反应,生成了0.17克氢气,则铁中混有的杂质可能是下列中的( ) A .可能是铝 B .可能是● C .可能是● D .可能是镁14.将质量相等的锌粉和铁粉,分别放入两个烧杯中,再分别倒入质量相等、浓度相同的稀硫酸充分反应,测得竹成蒸气的质量m )随反应时间(t )变化的曲线如图所示。
2016-2017学年度第一学期第二阶段学业质量监测九年级数学参考答案及评分标准说明:本评分标准每题给出了一种或几种解法供参考,如果考生的解法与本解答不同,参照本评分标准的精神给分.一、选择题(每小题2分,共计12分)二、填空题(每小题2分,共计20分)7.内 8.y =(x -2)2+1 9.24 10.77 11.0.5 12.24 13.x (x -1)2=99014.3615.0,2 16.γ=α+β2三、解答题(本大题共11小题,共计88分)17.(本题8分)解:(1)x 2+4x =5. ·································································································· 1分(x +2)2=9. ·································································································· 3分 x +2=±3. ·································································································· 4分 所以x 1=1,x 2=-5. ·················································································· 6分(2)x 1=2,x 2=1,x 3=-5. ················································································· 8分 18.(本题6分)解:因为顶点坐标是(2,-2),所以设二次函数的表达式为y =a (x -2)2-2. ······················· 2分 又因为图像经过点(0,-4),所以a (0-2)2-2=-4. ··············································· 4分解得a =-12. ····································································································· 5分所以二次函数的表达式为y =-12(x -2)2-2. ····························································· 6分19.(本题8分)解:(1)0.4;0.6. ····································································································· 2分(2)⎺x 甲=110(39.8+40.2+…+39.8)=40(mm ).S 2甲=110[(39.8-40)2+(40.2-40)2+…+(39.8-40)2]=0.034(mm 2).·················································································································· 4分 ⎺x 乙=110(39.8+40.3+…+40.1)=40(mm ).S 2乙=110[(39.8-40)2+(40.3-40)2+…+(40.1-40)2]=0.03(mm 2).·················································································································· 6分 因为S 2甲>S 2乙, ······························································································· 7分 所以乙厂生产的10只乒乓球的直径比较稳定. ···················································· 8分20.(本题8分)解:由AB ∥DE ,得△DEC ∽△ABC . ·········· 2分所以DE AB =EC BC ,即1.5AB =530. ·················· 5分解得AB =9. ···································· 7分答:路灯甲AB 的高度为9m . ··············································································· 8分 21.(本题8分)解:将这四个汤圆分别编号为A 、B 、C 1、C 2,随机选择两个汤圆,可能出现的结果共有6种,即(A ,B )、(A ,C 1)、(A ,C 2)、(B ,C 1)、(B ,C 2)、(C 1,C 2),并且它们是等可能的.随机选择两个汤圆恰好都是花生馅(记为事件A )的结果有1种,即(C 1,C 2),所以事件A 发生的概率P (A )= ························································································································ 8分22.(本题6分)解:(1)因为该二次函数图像与x 轴没有交点,所以一元二次方程mx 2+2mx +m -4=0的根的判别式b 2-4ac =(2m ) 2-4m (m -4)<0. ······································································ 2分 解得m <0. ·································································································· 3分 (2)因为y =m (x 2+2x +1)-4=m (x +1) 2-4,所以将函数的图像沿y 轴向上平移4个单位长度后,得到的函数的图像与x 轴只有一个公共点. ············································································································ 6分23.(本题8分)解:设乙店销售额月平均增长率为x . ············································································· 1分根据题意,得10(1+2x )2-15(1+x )2=10. ································································· 4分解这个方程,得x 1=0.6,x 2=-1(舍去). ································································ 6分 2x =1.2. ············································································································· 7分答:甲、乙两店这两个月的月平均增长率分别是120%、60%. ······································· 8分24.(本题8分)(1)证明:∵CD ⊥AB ,∴∠BDC =∠CDA =90°,∠BCD +∠B =90°. ∵∠ACB =90°,∴∠BCD +∠ACD =90°.∴∠B =∠ACD . ···················································································· 2分 在△BCD 和△CAD 中,∵∠BDC =∠CDA ,∠B =∠ACD ,∴△BCD ∽△CAD . ················································································· 3分 ∴CD AD =BDCD. ∴CD 2=AD ·BD . ················································································· 5分(2线段CD 即为所求线段c . ······································································ 8分25.(本题8分)解:令矩形的周长为m ,设矩形的一边长为x ,面积为y . ·················································· 1分根据题意,得y =x (m 2-x )=-x 2+m 2·x =-(x -m 4)2+m 216. ·············································· 5分因为a =-1<0,所以当x =m 4时,y 最大,最大值为m 216. ············································· 7分即当矩形的周长一定时,正方形面积最大. ···························································· 8分26.(本题10分) 解:(1)连接OD .∵AD 平分∠CAM , ∴∠OAD =∠EAD . ∵OA =OD ,∴∠OAD =∠ODA . ······················································································· 1分 ∴∠EAD =∠ODA .∴OD ∥AE . ································································································· 2分 ∵DE ⊥MN , ∴∠DEA =90°.∴∠ODE =180°-∠DEA =90°,即OD ⊥DE . ····················································· 3分 又∵DE 过半径OD 的外端点D , ······································································ 4分 ∴DE 是⊙O 的切线. ····················································································· 5分(2)作OF ⊥AB ,交AB 于点F .∵OF ⊥AB ,∴∠OFE =90°.AF =BF =12AB . ······································································ 6分又∵∠ODE =∠DEA =90°,∴四边形ODEF 是矩形. ················································································ 7分 ∴OF =DE =6.∴∠AOD =2∠DCA =45°. ∵OD ∥AE ,∴∠OAF =∠AOD =45°. ·············································································· 8分 ∴∠AOF =90°-∠OAF =45°.∴AF =OF =6. ··························································································· 9分 ∴AB =2AF =12. ························································································· 10分 27.(本题10分)解:(1)在Rt △ABC 中,∠ABC =90°,AC =AB 2+BC 2=5. ···························································································· 1分∵DE ⊥BE , ∴∠DEC =90°. ∴∠ABC =∠DEC .在△ABC 和△DEC 中, ∵∠ABC =∠DEC ,∠ACB =∠DCE , ∴△ABC ∽△DEC . ∴AB DE =BC EC =AC DC ,∴EC =34DE ,DC =54DE . ································································· 2分 在△ABC 和△BED 中,∵∠ABC =∠BED ,∠A =∠CBD , ∴△ABC ∽△BED . ∴AB BE =BC ED ,即43+34DE =3 DE. ·················································································· 3分 解得DE =367. ······································································································· 4分(2)由(1)知,CD =54DE =54×367=457.①当CD =DE 时,则DE =457. ········································································ 6分②当CD =CE 时,CE =CD =457.方法一:作DF ⊥CE ,垂足为F .由(1)知,DF =367,FC =34×367=277.∴EF =CE -CF =457-277=187.在Rt △DEF 中,∠DFE =90°,DE =EF 2+DF 2=(367)2+(187)2=1857. ························································· 8分B AD CE BADCEF方法二:作EF ⊥CD ,垂足为F ,则∠EFC =90°. 在△ABC 和△EFC 中,∵∠ABC =∠EFC ,∠ACB =∠ECF ,∴△ABC ∽△EFC .∴AB EF =BC FC =AC EC ,即4EF =3FC =5457, 得EF =367,FC =277.∴DF =DC -FC =457-277=187.在Rt △DEF 中,∠DFE =90°,DE =EF 2+DF 2=(367)2+(187)2=1857. ························································· 8分 ③当CE =DE 时.方法一:由②知,DF =367,FC =277.设EF 为x ,则DE =CE =x +277.在Rt △DEF 中,∠DFE =90°,EF 2+DF 2=DE 2, 即x 2+(367)2=(x +277)2.解得x =32.∴DE =x +277=7514. ······················································································· 10分方法二:作EF ⊥CD ,垂足为F ,则∠EFC =90°. ∴CF =DF =12CD =4514.在△ABC 和△EFC 中,∵∠ABC =∠EFC ,∠ACB =∠ECF ,∴△ABC ∽△EFC .∴BC FC =AC EC ,即34514=5 EC, 得EC =7514,即DE =7514.综上:若△CDE 是等腰三角形,DE 的长为457或1857或7514.··································· 10分BADCFEBADCFEBA DCEF。
南京秦淮外国语学校2016-2017学年度第一学期 九年级(上)物理第一次测试卷(g 取10N /kg )一、选择题1.在如图所示的四种剪刀中,正常使用时,动力作用点在阻力作用点和支点之间的是()A B C D2.如图所示,手持10kg 物体保持平衡,此时肱二头肌收缩所承受的力一定()A.大于100NB.小于100NC.等于100ND.等于10kg3.小明同学从距地面1m 高的地方竖直向上抛出一块橡皮,橡皮离手后,在空中从上升到下落的过程中(不计空气阻力),动能k E 随时间t 变化的曲线最接近的是()A B C D4.在探究杠杆平衡条件的时候,小明在均匀木板中间挖孔,孔中插一金属杆,固定在铁架台上,木板可以围绕中间自由转动,每个均码的质量为200g ,A 、B 、C 、D 、E 、F 为挂钩,已知AB BO OC CD ===,ABOCD 的连线与EDF 的连线垂直.现在B 处挂两个钩码,D 处挂一个钩码,木板在水平位置平衡(如图所示).下列做法不能使木板平衡的是()A.在B 、D 两处各加挂一个钩码B.在B 处加挂2个钩码、D 处加挂一个钩码C.B 处挂两个钩码不变,把D 处的一个钩码挂在E 处D.B 处挂两个钩码不变,把D 处的一个钩码挂在F5.用四只完全相同的滑轮组组成如图所示的甲、乙两个滑轮组,把相同的物体匀速提升相同的高度,若用η甲、η乙表示甲、乙两滑轮组的机械效率,W 甲、W 乙表示拉力所做的功(不计绳重与摩擦),则()A.=ηη甲乙,=W W 甲乙B.ηη>甲乙,W W >甲乙C.ηη<甲乙,W W <甲乙D.ηη>甲乙,W W <甲乙EEEE6.弹跳杆运动是一项广受欢迎的运动.其结构如图甲所示,图乙是小希玩弹跳杆时由最低位置上升到最高位置的过程,针对此过程,下列分析正确的是()A.在a 状态时弹簧的弹性势能最大,小希的机械能为零B.a b →的过程中,弹簧的弹力越来越大,在b 状态时弹力最大C.b c →的过程中,弹簧的弹性势能转化为小希的重力势能D.a c →的过程中,小希先加速后减速,在b 状态时速度最大7.如图所示,对于图片中所描述的物理过程,下列分析中正确的是()A.图甲,厚玻璃内的空气被压缩时,空气的内能减少B.图乙,瓶子内的空气推动塞子跳起时,空气的内能增大C.图丙,试管内的水蒸气推动了塞子冲出时,水蒸气的内能减少D.图丁,气缸内的气体推动活塞向下运动时,气体的内能增大8.如图所示,一小钢球从光滑固定斜面的A 点静止释放,相继经过B ,C 两点,AB BC =,则下列分析正确的是(忽略空气阻力的影响)()A.小钢球下滑过程中机械能的总量一直增大B.小钢球在AB 、BC 两段内运动的平均速度相等C.小钢球所受重力在AB 、BC 两段内的功率不等D.在A 、B 、C 三点中,小钢球在A 点具有的动能最大9.神州十号刚升空,在刚升空过程中其机械能的变化,下列说法中正确的是()A.动能增加,重力势能增加,机械能增加B.动能增加,重力势能增加,机械能不变C.动能减少,重力势能增加,机械能减少D.动能不变,重力势能增加,机械能增加 10.如图所示,为一可绕O 点转动的杠杆,在A 端通过绳作用一竖直向下的拉力F 使杠杆平衡,此时AB 部分水平,保持重物静止不动,而使绳绕A 点从图所示的位置沿图中的虚线CD 转动,则()A.顺时针转,F 先变小后变大B.顺时针转,F 先变大后变小C.逆时针转,F 先变小后变大D.逆时针转,F 先变大后变小c ba 最高位置弹簧恢复到原长最低位置甲乙丙甲丁11.如图所示,一根质地均匀的木杆可绕O 点自由转动,在木杆的右端施加一个始终垂直于杆的作用力F ,使杆从OA 位置匀速转到OB 位置的过程中,力F 的大小将()A.一直是变大的B.一直是变小的C.先变大,后变小D.先变小,后变大 12.如图,小明用一轻质杠杆自制简易密度称的过程中,在A 端的空桶内分别注入密度已知的不同液体,改变物体M 悬挂点B 的位置,当杠杆在水平位置平衡时,在M 悬挂点处标出相应液体的密度值.下列关于密度称制作的说法中,错误的是()A.每次倒入空桶的液体体积相同B.称的刻度值向右越来越大C.悬点O 适当右移,称的量程会增大D.增大M 的质量,称的量程会增大 二、填空题13.一位同学从地上拿起一只50g 的鸡蛋,缓缓举过头顶,耗时2秒,同学对鸡蛋所做的功的功率约为___________W .14.飞轮转速为3600转/分,该柴油机活塞1s 对外做功________次.若其效率为40%,消耗10kg 的柴油转化成的机械能是_____________.(7=4.310J /kg q ⨯柴油)15.水的比热容是()34.210J /kg ⨯⋅℃表示的意义是__________________,如图显示的是某一沿海城市和某一内陆城市年气温变化曲线.从图象可以看出,曲线A 表示的是_________(选填“沿海”或“内陆”)城市的年气温变化曲线.16.某同学在烧杯中装入0.5kg 水,然后用酒精灯给水加热,直至水温上升20℃,此过程中水的内能增加了__________,这是用_________的方式改变其内能的,水的比热容将________(选填“变大”、“变小”、或“不变”)[()3=4.210J kg C ⨯⋅水℃].17.如图所示为家庭电路常用的两种墙壁开关,其按钮可绕面板内某轴转动.根据你的生活经验,你认为__________较易损坏,这是因为按动这种开关的________较小,按动需要的力较大.18.用手将一重为G 的铁球缓慢放在一弹簧上,放手后,铁球从A 位置开始向下运动,到达B 位置速度达到最大,到达C 位置小球的速度变为零.已知AC 间的高度差为h ,在次过程中弹簧的弹性势能增加量为__________.B 位置到C 位置的过程中铁球所受的重力________(选填“大于”、“小于”、“等于”)弹簧所施加的弹力.(整个过程中不计能量损耗)14/℃℃时间/h温度/℃甲乙19.物体的内能是物体内部所有的_______与_______的总和,冰在熔化过程中,温度不变,冰水混合物的内能_________(选填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”).20.如图甲、乙所示为工人师傅往高出运送货物的两种方法,若要改变用力的方向,应选用图_______所示的方法,若要机械效率高,应选用图________所示的方法.若两图中物重相等,不计滑轮重、绳重及摩擦.21.如图所示,小明在探究利用杠杆做功的实践活动中,所用的杠杆是一根重为20N 、质量均匀的硬棒.他将棒的一端固定,把重为80N 的重物挂在棒的中点,然后用手竖直提起棒的另一端,如图所示.若把重物提升了10cm ,则小明使用杠杆所做的有用功为________J ,机械效率是___________.(不计摩擦和绳重)22.小红在实验室利用电热器加热,完成了“冰”的熔化实验,并描绘出“冰”的温度随加热时间变化的关系图线.实验时,冰的质量为0.5kg ,水的比热容为()34.210J /kg ⨯⋅℃.冰的比热容是____________,若规定“质量为1kg 的某种晶体物质在完全熔化时所需吸收的热量叫做该物质的熔化热”,根据图中所给的信息,计算出冰的熔化热量为______________J .23.如图所示是列车上常用的手推车,车内货物均匀摆放,车前行时,需经过障碍物.当车的前轮遇到障碍物A 时,售货员向下按扶把,这时手推车可以视为杠杆,若手推车和货物总重200N ,动力臂和阻力臂之比为2:3,则服务员作用在扶把上的动力为__________N ,当后轮遇到障碍物A 时,售货员竖直向上提扶把,这时支点是________(选填“A ”、“B ”或“C ”)点,这种情况下,手推车可以视为___________杠杆(选填“省力”或“费力”).24.杠杆的应用非常广泛,如图所示的两种剪刀,正常使用时属于省力杠杆的是______剪刀(填甲、乙),工程车上的起重臂如图所示,使用它的好处是能够省________;旗杆上的滑轮,它的实质是_________;使用它的作用是___________甲乙分温度/25.如图所示,用平行于斜面,大小为1.25N 的拉力F ,将重为1.8N 的物体从斜面底端匀速拉至顶端,机械效率是__________.木块所受摩擦力为_________.26.用如图所示的滑轮组提升货物,已知动滑轮重30N ,货物重360N 、上升速度是0.3m /s ,拉力F 的功率是180W (不计绳重).滑轮组的机械效率________.货物上升3m 过程中,克服摩擦力做的功为_____________.三、作图题27.(1)如图所示的钢丝钳,其中A 是剪钢丝处,B 为手的用力点,O 为转动轴(支点),右图为单侧钳柄及相连部分示意图.请在图中画出钢丝钳剪钢丝时的动力臂1L 和阻力2F .(2)如图所示的弯曲杠杆A 端吊一个重物G ,要想在杠杆上加一最小的力F ,使AO (O 为支点)保持水平平衡,试画出此力的方向和力臂.四、实验题28.在探究杠杆平衡条件的实验中:(1)小丽把杠杆支在支架上,若杠杆左端下沉,可调节左端的平衡螺母向________端移动,使杠杆在水平位置平衡.(2)如左图所示,在杠杆右边B 处挂两个相同的钩码,要使杠杆仍在水平位置平衡,应在杠杆左边A 处挂_______个相同的钩码.甲乙甲乙丙丁-1(3)如右图所示,用弹簧测力计在C 处竖直向上拉,当弹簧测力计逐渐向右倾斜时,杠杆仍然在水平位置平衡,弹簧测力计的拉力F ________(填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”),原因是____________________________.(4)探究过程中,在杠杆左端某一固定位置挂一个重力 2.5N G 的物体,在杠杆右端不同位置处施加不同的竖直向下的力F ,保证杠杆处于平衡状态,根据多次测量的F 、L 数据,画出F 和1L的图线如图乙,由图乙可得出杠杆平衡的条件是F 与L 成________比,根据杠杆平衡条件,可求出重力G 的力臂是___________m .29.在探究“物体动能的大小与哪些因素有关”的实验中,让质量不同的铁球从斜面的同一高度由静止释放,撞击同一木块,能将木块撞出一段距离.如图甲所示,请回答下列问题:(1)从同一高度由静止释放的目的是_________________,该实验的目的是研究铁球的动能大小与__________的关系.(2)该实验是通过观察_____________的大小,来说明铁球对木块做功的多少,从而判断出________(“铁球”或“木块”)具有的动能的大小.如果水平面绝对光滑,则________(选填“能”“不能”)比较出铁球动能的大小.(3)有同学将实验装置该进成图乙所示,利用质量不同的铁球将同一弹簧压缩相同程度后静止释放,撞击同一木块,将木块撞出一段距离进行比较,该实验方案是否可行?答:_________________,你的理由是__________________________________________.30.如图所示,甲、乙、丙三图中的装置完全相同,燃料的质量都是10g ,烧杯内的液体质量和初温也相同.(1)比较不同燃料的热值,应选择_________两图进行实验,燃料完全燃烧放出热量的多少?是通过__________来反映的;(2)比较不同物质吸热升温的特点; ①应选择__________两图进行实验;②不同物质吸热的多少是通过_________来反应的(选填“温度计示数”或“加热时间”); ③关于该实验的变量控制,下列做法和要求中一定需要的有哪些__________(多选) A.液体升高相同的温度 B.烧杯中分别装入相同体积的不同液体C.使用相同的烧杯 D.相同质量的燃料 E.液体吸收相同的热量 F.加热时火焰大小尽量相同31.在“测定动滑轮机械效率”的实验中,小明用如图所示的动滑轮提升钩码,改变钩码的数量,正确操作,实验数据如下:图甲图乙甲乙丙(1)实验时,用手________拉动弹簧测力计,使持在动滑轮下的钩码缓缓上升. (2)第①次实验时测得动滑轮的机械效率为__________.(选填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)32.如图所示,用装有细沙的容器、三脚小桌和质量不同的木块做“探究重力势能大小与哪些因素有关”实验.(1)为该实验是通过观察比较___________来间接判断物体重力势能大小的.(2)实验采用质量不同的木块,为探究物体重力势能大小与物体_________的关系,操作时应该让木块从__________(选填“相同”或“不同”)的高度自由下落.(3)若要探究物体重力势能大小与物体高度的关系,请简要说明具体做法.五、计算题33.用如图所示的滑轮组,将480N的物体以0.3m/s的速度匀速提起,绳子自由端的拉力为200N(不计摩擦和绳重)(1)滑轮组的机械效率. (2)拉力的功率(3)若用该滑轮组将重600N的物体匀速提升时,机械效率是多少?34.学校物理兴趣小组的同学在研究“沙子和水谁的吸热本领大”时,选用了两只完全相同的酒精灯分别给质量都是200g的沙子和水加热.它们绘制出沙子与水的温度随加热时间变化的图象如图所示.水的比热容是()34.210J/kg⨯⋅℃,那么请问:(1)图中_______(“a”或“b”)是水吸热升温的图像;(2)加热满2min时,水吸收了多少热量?(3)试求出沙子的比热容.35.“十一”假期,小明一家驱车外出旅游.当汽车以108km/h的速度在高速公路上匀速直线行驶时,汽车受到的阻力是整车重的0.1倍,效率为35%.已知汽车整车质量为1500kg,油箱容积为50L.(汽车热值73.310J/Lq=⨯)(1)这时汽车牵引力做功的功率是多少?(2)该车加一满箱汽油,按照以上速度最多可以匀速直线行驶多远的路程?。