高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练7

高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题含答案解析1.What he said at the meeting surprised us all.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Who答案解析：A。

本题考查名词性从句中的主语从句。

“What he said at the meeting”是主语从句，整个句子缺少一个连接词来引导主语从句在整个句子中作主语。

选项B“what”在主语从句中已经充当了宾语，不能再引导主语从句；选项C“which”一般引导定语从句；选项D“who”通常引导的是关于人的从句。

“That”在名词性从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，符合题意。

此句中“What he said at the meeting”是主语，“surprised”是谓语，“us all”是宾语。

分析此类句子结构时，先确定句子的主干，再分析从句在句子中的作用。

在写作中，可以运用这种长难句来增加文章的表达层次。

2.I don't know whether he will come or not.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.when答案解析：C。

本题考查宾语从句中的连接词。

“whether...or not”是固定搭配，在宾语从句中表示“是否”。

选项A“that”在宾语从句中无实际意义，不表示“是否”；选项B“if”也可表示“是否”，但不能与“or not”连用；选项D“when”表示“什么时候”，不符合题意。

此句中“I don't know”是主句，“whether he will come or not”是宾语从句。

在写作中，可以用宾语从句来表达不确定的情况。

3.The question is who will be responsible for this project.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who答案解析：D。

本题考查表语从句。

“The question is”后面是表语从句，句子的意思是“问题是谁将负责这个项目”，所以连接词应该是“who”。

题型七概要写作Writing 1[2019浙江6月]高考真题阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

①Parents everywhere praise their kids. ②Jenn Berman,author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids,says,"We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." ③By giving kids a lot of praise,parents think they’re building their children’s confidence,④when, in fact,it may be just the opposite. ⑤Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.第一段为整个语篇的"起",⑤表达了作者的真实意图,即本段的主旨"Too much praise can make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk."。

①Still,don’t go too far in the other direction. ②Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. ③Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.第二段为第一段的"转",指出另一个极端的危害"Not giving enough praise can be damaging."。

Passage4Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability？1This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles. 2 They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crasheswhere lives might be lost.3 The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomousvehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delaythe driverless future.4 Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car’s maker is responsi ble if there is a crash.5 “The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt.6 It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.7 Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. 8 “The liability issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.8 An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, i nsists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.9 But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. 10“When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “You know—no driver.”11 Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.12 Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. 13 That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.14 That would go down poorly in the US, however. 15“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsautonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ adj.自治的；自主的* liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪtɪ/ n.责任；债务；propose /prəˈpəʊz/ vi & vt.建议；提议* death valley死谷semi-autonomous 半自治的confusion /kənˈf juːʒn/ n.混乱; 混淆; 困惑* automate /ˈɔːtəmeɪt/ vt.使自动化; 使自动操作public good公益事业get nowhere一事无成；无进展proposal /prəˈpəʊzl/ n.建议；提议；求婚二．参考译文Translation自动驾驶：谁该负责任？1本月，德国交通部长亚历山大.多布林德提出了第一套自动驾驶车辆法规。

高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练5Passage5Waiting1 I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting.2 But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?3 To understand the issue, let’s take a look at thr eetypes of “waits”.4 The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait.5 It is without doubt the mostannoying of all. 6 Take filling up the kitchen sink as an example. 7 There is absolutelynothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full.8 During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. 9 This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.10 A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. 11 This one requires a bit of discipline. 12 Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. 13 Directions are ve ry specific. 14“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”15 I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly.16 After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.17 Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. 18 This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the mostpart voluntary. 19 Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.20 Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires fai th and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. 21 On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. 22 As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.23 We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting.24 The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill w hile cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. 25 You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.一．单词和短语Words and expressionssink /s??k/ vt.使下沉vi.下沉n.水池; 洗涤槽; 污水坑counter /?ka?nt?/ n.柜台discipline /?d?s?pl?n/ n.纪律；训练vt.训练；惩罚* simmer /?s?m?/ vt. & vi. 炖optimist /??pt?m?st/ n.乐观主义者desperate /?desp?r?t/ adj.令人绝望的；极度渴望的；不顾一切的reveal /r??vi?l/ vt.显示；透露；揭露；泄露frustrating /fr??stre?t??/ adj.令人沮丧的二．参考译文Translation等待1我曾在某处读到过一句话：我们整整三分之一的生命都在等待中度过。

passage11-2021高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练Passage 11The influence of social media on children1 Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, amajor study warned.2 It found many youngsters now measure their status by how much public approval they getonline, often through “likes”. 3 Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on theweb.4 The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s CommissionerAnne Longfield. 5 She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.6 Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.7 The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to deman d “likes” for their online posts.8 The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.9 Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. 10 However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”,suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.11 Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.12 She said, “Children are using socia l media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”13 As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.14 Miss Longfield added, “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”15 “For children it is very, very difficult to cope emotionally.” The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—Life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.16 However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.1718 However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities or more brilliant friendsonline. 19 The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.20 The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield they faced online.21 And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. 22 They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.23 Javed Khan, of children’s charity Barnardo’s, said, “It’s vital that new compulsory age- appropriate relationship and sex educ ation lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social med ia.”24“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”一．单词和短语Words and expressionsself-worth /?self ?w?:θ/n. 自我价值感youngster /?j??st?/ n. 年轻人commissioner /k??mn?/ n. 专员; 委员ill-equipped /??l??kw?pt/ adj. 装备不良的tremendous /tr??mend?s/ adj. 巨大的; 极好的supposedly /s??p??z?dl?/ adv. 据称; 据传around the clock 昼夜不停地mean-spirited /?mi:n?sp?r?t?d/ adj.小气的; 小心眼的incompetence /?n?k?mp?t?ns/ n. 不胜任minefield /?ma?nfi?ld/ n. 布雷区; 充满隐伏危险的事物sign up 签约参加；报名参加charity /?t??r?t?/ n. 慈善；施舍；慈善团体二．参考译文Translation社交媒体对孩子的影响1一项重要的研究警告称，年仅10岁的儿童为了获得自我价值感而变得依赖社交媒体。

高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题(答案解析)1.What impressed me most was his statement that he would never give up.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when答案解析：B。

本题考查同位语从句。

选项A“which”引导定语从句；选项C“what”不能引导同位语从句；选项D“when”引导时间状语从句。

“that he would never give up”是同位语从句，解释说明“statement”的内容。

在写作中，同位语从句可以用来进一步解释说明某个名词，使句子更加丰富。

同位语从句的语法规则是：由that 引导，that 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。

2.I have no idea when he will come back.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.where答案解析：B。

本题考查同位语从句。

选项A“that”引导的同位语从句通常解释说明抽象名词；选项C“what”引导宾语从句、主语从句等；选项D“where”引导地点状语从句。

“when he will come back”是同位语从句，解释说明“idea”的具体内容。

在写作中，用同位语从句表达不确定的时间，可以增加句子的准确性和丰富度。

同位语从句的语法规则同上。

3.The news that he won the first prize made us very happy.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when答案解析：B。

本题考查同位语从句。

选项A“which”引导定语从句；选项C“what”不能引导同位语从句；选项D“when”引导时间状语从句。

“that he won the first prize”是同位语从句，解释说明“news”的内容。

在写作中，同位语从句可以用来传达重要信息，增强句子的表现力。

2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（一）Exercise 1：长难句分析1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能做……很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。

这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。

2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。

我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。

3) appeal to吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。

杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。

我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。

【语法点拨】本句中的than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。

如：中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。

中国比非洲的任何国家都大。

2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；be exposed to暴露于；接触我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。

Passage 8Should We Get Rid of Old Devices Timely？1 We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style.2 That’s bad news for theenvironment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy thanthe newer ones that do the same things.3 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues atthe Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs foreach product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. 4 This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. 5 Devices were grouped by generation. 6 Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. 7 Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. 8 And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.9 As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out old ones. 10“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher.11 The average number of electronic devices rose from 4 per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. 12 We’re not just keeping these old devices—We continue to use them. 13 According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.14 So what’s the solution? 15 The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 16 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsgo out of style 过时outdated /aʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ adj.过时的；旧式的mine /maɪn/ n.矿; 矿井; 地雷; 水雷vt. & vi.开采* readout /ˈriːdaʊt/ n.读出on the scene 在场；出现；到场* cathode /ˈkæθəʊd/ n. <电>(-)阴极；负极* cathode ray tube阴极射线管tablet /ˈtæblɪt/ n.碑；药片；写字板二．参考译文Translation我们应该及时摒弃旧设备吗？1我们可能认为，在我们的文化习惯中，我们一见到闪闪发光的新东西就会摒弃用旧了的技术产品，但一项新的研究表明，当旧设备过时了之后我们仍然继续使用着它们。

高考英语长难句解题技巧（附练习题）要对英语长难句精准分析，大家首先需要掌握英语句子的基本结构、句式和句子的类型。

其次，分析长难句，不妨按照“去枝叶留主干移位置”的方法并按照以下的步骤来进行：1）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构，搞清楚句子的“主干”。

2）找出句中所有的修饰成分，如形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语等，搞清楚他们各自的作用，这些都是句子的“绿叶”。

3）分析句子的语法功能，是并列句还是复合句，是名词性从句还是定语从句、状语从句等，这些都是句子的“树枝”。

4）注意插入语等其他成分及某些次要成分的特殊用法和含义。

5）注意句子是否有特殊的结构，如倒装、强调等。

例析例析①The gravity of the situation shocked Bob Geldof，an Iris musician，so he organized a charity concert called Live Aid to raise money for the victims of hunger in Ethiopia.（p.2 M10）在上述句中，an Iris musician 为Bob Geldof 的同位语，说明他的身份。

因此该句可简化为：The gravity of thesituation shocked Bob Geldof。

而连词so连接一个并列句，表结果。

该句意为“he organized a charity concert”，而a charity concert 后的called Live Aid 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰说明 a charity concert，同时后面还有动词不定式短语to raise money for the victims of hunger in Ethiopia作为he organized a charity concert的目的状语（为何组织音乐会）。

Passage 10New Farmers Need Consumers’ Support1 If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-popcarmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. 2 But in agriculture, small farmers can getthe best of the major players. 3 By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly tochanges in the markets as well as in the ecosystems, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the bigguys. 4 As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition and a family farmer myself, Ihave a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.5 For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group.6 It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.7 Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms.8 But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.9 The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry. 10 One crucial factor is secure access to land. 11 Competition from investors, developers, and established large farme rs makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers. 12 From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.13 Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship—the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. 14 With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation’s farmland in need of a new farmer, we mu st clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food.15 There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us. 16 We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. 17 With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsget the best of 击败；战胜keep one step ahead of 领先一步* coalition /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn/ n.（由两个或两个以上政党组成的）联盟sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的established /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/ adj.已设立的; 已制定的; 确定的；著名的；公认的unattainable /ʌnəˈteɪnəbl/ adj.无法得到的；难以达到的non-existent adj.不存在的citizenship /ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp/ n.公民身份；公民资格；国籍；公民权* outnumber /aʊtˈnʌmbə/ vt.数目超过；比…多clumsily /ˈklʌmzɪlɪ/ adv. 笨拙地；粗陋地; 冒犯人地immigration /ɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn/ 移居；移民（人数）congress /ˈkɒŋɡres/ n.代表大会；议会；国会push for 奋力争取take a stand 表态；采取立场take a stand with 支持二．参考译文Translation新农名需要消费者的支持1如果你想进军汽车行业，你最好有几十亿美元：夫妻档汽车制造商击败最大的汽车公司的可能性不大。