利用英文全文数据库——Elsevier进行文献信息检索1、检索课题名称：沙尘暴防护2、课题分析：中文关键词为：沙尘暴，防护英文关键词为：sand storm ，shelter3、选择检索工具：Elsevier数据库4、构建检索策略：sand storm AND shelter5、简述检索过程:选定在Elsevier中期刊、图书、文摘数据库等全部文献资源中检索1996年以后的关于废水处理的相关文献。
利用确定的检索策略（sand storm AND shelter ），文献全文（含文献题目、摘要、关键词）中检索，检到6789 篇相关文献；在文献题目、摘要和关键词中检索，检索到1356篇相关文献；在文献关键词中检索到189篇相关文献；在文献题目中检索到205篇相关文献。
6、整理检索结果：从以上文献中选择出3条切题文献1. Wind tunnel observations about the shelter effect of porous fences on the sand particle movementsAtmospheric Environment V olume 36, Issue 9, March 2002, Pages 1453–1463Sang-Joon Leea, Ki-Chul Parkb, Cheol-Woo ParkaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South KoreaSchool of Environmental Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South KoreaReceived 18 December 2003;accepted 26 July 2004.Available online 16 December 2004. Abstract The effect of porous wind fences on the wind erosion of small sand particles from a two-dimensional triangular prism pile of sand was investigated experimentally. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles measured at the sand pile location were simulated to fit to the atmospheric boundary layer over open terrain. Flow visualization was carried out to qualitatively determine the movement of the wind-blown sand particles. In addition, the threshold velocity was measured using a digital image processing system at a range of values of the fence porosity ε, particle size Dp and sand pile height h. As a result, various types of particle motion were observed according to the experimental conditions. The fence of porosity ε=30% was found to have the highest threshold velocity, indicating a good shelter effect for abating wind-blown sand particles. The threshold velocity was found to increase with increasing sand particle diameter. The threshold velocity was also enhanced when the height of the sand pile was lower than the fence height. Keywords：Porosity; Fence; Sand pile; Threshold velocity; Atmospheric boundary layer Ground-surface conditions of sand-dust event occurrences in the southern Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, China ? ARTICLEJournal of Arid EnvironmentsV olume 70, Issue 1, July 2007, Pages 49–62Y.-B. Qiana, , Z.-N. Wub, Q. Yangc, L.-Y. Zhanga, X.-Y. Wangba Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Chinab College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Chinac Institute of Desert and Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002,ChinaReceived 3 April 2005;? revised 13 November 2005;? accepted 22 November 2005.? Available online 9 January 2006.AbstractThe southern Junggar Basin of Xinjiang is one of the important source regions of sand-dust events in China. During the springtime periods from 2001 to 2004 when frequent sand-dust events can occur, the landform, soil, vegetation and impact of human activities were investigated, and soil and vegetation data collected. The physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were analyzed, and the characteristic indices of the vegetations were calculated. The vegetation cover, community biodiversity, degree of ecological dominance, topsoil water-content, soil organic matter, soil texture, soil salts and pH were chosen as the ground-surface variables most likely to affect the process of sand-dust event occurrence. With canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) using the SPSS10.0 software package, the study effectively discriminated the ground-surface characteristics of the study regions, which were (1) the Aibi Lake region with high-frequency sand-dust events and (2) the Gurbantunggut Desert with medium-frequency sand-dust events. The results show that in the Aibi Lake region, where the gray-brown desert soil and gray desert soil are widely distributed and where agricultural development is intensive, the main factors that negatively affect ground surface stability are the high soil surface pH, low soil organic matter contents and the high degree of ecological dominance (low biodiversity) of the vegetation. In the Gurbantunggut Desert, where stable and semi-stable aeolian sandy soils are distributed and are less disturbed by human exploitation, the erosion resistance of its topsoil benefits from the high vegetation cover, plant community diversity and coarser soil texture. The discriminant results also show that the agricultural development region in Kelamayi, with a large area of cleared land that previously belonged to a region of low-frequency sand-dust event, now has the ground surface characteristics of the regions with high-frequency sand-dust event occurrences. The study demonstrates the likelihood of increasing soil erosion and sand and dust storms in the Kelamayi area. The analysis indicates that the increased risk of wind erosion in the Kelamayi area could be reduced by strategic planting of forest shelter belts to reduce the size of sections of cleared land that are unprotected.Keywords：Discriminant analysis; Ground-surface conditions; Sand-dust event; The southern Junggar Basin of ChinaVerification of the shelter effect of a windbreak on coal piles in the POSCO open storage yards at the Kwang-Yang worksAtmospheric EnvironmentV olume 36, Issue 13, May 2002, Pages 2171–2185Cheol-Woo Park, Sang-Joon LeeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea Received 23 March 2005;? revised 2 June 2005;? accepted 30 July 2005.? Available online 10 October 2005.AbstractThe use of windbreaks to reduce wind-blown coal dust at the POSCO Kwang-Yang open storage yards was studied using wind simulations on a scale model of the yards. Based on these simulation results, a full-scale wind fence was constructed on two sides of the yard. Here, we present results on the wind behavior both for the real yard and for the simulation results that guided its construction. Wind-tunnel simulations were used to study the effect of a porous wind fence ofporosity ε=30% on the surface pressure and shear stress on coal piles usi ng a 1/1200 model of the POSCO Kwang-Yang open storage yards. In addition, the shelter effects found in the model system were verified in field measurements on the full-scale system. The storage yard model was fully embedded in an atmospheric surface boundary layer over open terrain. The fence and coal pile model had the same height (12.2 mm) and Reynolds number (Re=1.6×104, based on the model height). The mean and fluctuating surface-pressure distributions on the coal piles, which are closely related to the dust emission from the surface, were measured for several directions of the oncoming wind. The wind directions pertinent to the study were determined by statistical analysis of seasonal wind data over the storage yard. A porous wind fence of porosity ε=30% was found to be useful for reducing the wind speed without the formation of a recirculating bubble behind the fence. In addition, the fence caught the wind-borne particles when it was located behind the coal piles. The wind fence reduced the pressure fluctuations and surface shear stress on the coal piles to less than half of the levels observed in the no fence case. To verify the effectiveness of the porous wind fence installed around the Kwang-Yang open storage yard, the local wind speed and the concentration of suspended particles were measured directly. Full-scale porous fences installed around the Kwang-Yang open storage yard greatly decreased the turbulence intensity of the wind over the coal piles and reduced the total suspension particles by 70–80%.Keywords：Windbreak; Porosity; Wind fence; Surface pressure; Coal pile; Atmospheric boundary layer全文摘录选择一篇：3.Verification of the shelter effect of a windbreak on coal piles in the POSCO open storage yards at the Kwang-Yang works一、篇名Verification of the shelter effect of a windbreak on coal piles in the POSCO open storage yards at the Kwang-Yang works二、著者Cheol-Woo Park, Sang-Joon Lee,三、著者机构Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Received 23 March 2005;? revised 2 June 2005;? accepted 30 July 2005.? Available online 10 October 2005.四、文摘AbstractThe use of windbreaks to reduce wind-blown coal dust at the POSCO Kwang-Yang open storage yards was studied using wind simulations on a scale model of the yards. Based on these simulation results, a full-scale wind fence was constructed on two sides of the yard. Here, we present results on the wind behavior both for the real yard and for the simulation results that guided its construction. Wind-tunnel simulations were used to study the effect of a porous wind fence of porosity ε=30% on the surface pressure and shear stress on coal piles using a 1/1200 model of the POSCO Kwang-Yang open storage yards. In addition, the shelter effects found in the model system were verified in field measurements on the full-scale system. The storage yard model was fully embedded in an atmospheric surface boundary layer over open terrain. The fence and coal pile model had the same height (12.2 mm) and Reynolds number (Re=1.6×104, based on the model height). The mean and fluctuating surface-pressure distributions on the coal piles, which are closely related to the dust emission from the surface, were measured for several directions of the oncoming wind. The wind directions pertinent to the study were determined by statistical analysis of seasonal wind data over the storage yard. A porous wind fence of porosity ε=30% wasfound to be useful for reducing the wind speed without the formation of a recirculating bubble behind the fence. In addition, the fence caught the wind-borne particles when it was located behind the coal piles. The wind fence reduced the pressure fluctuations and surface shear stress on the coal piles to less than half of the levels observed in the no fence case. To verify the effectiveness of the porous wind fence installed around the Kwang-Yang open storage yard, the local wind speed and the concentration of suspended particles were measured directly. Full-scale porous fences installed around the Kwang-Yang open storage yard greatly decreased the turbulence intensity of the wind over the coal piles and reduced the total suspension particles by 70–80%.关键词Keywords：Windbreak; Porosity; Wind fence; Surface pressure; Coal pile; Atmospheric boundary layer六、正文1. Introduction（首段）The wind erosion of small particles such as snow and sand in regions of strong wind has been an important wind engineering problem over the past few decades. For example, atmospheric dispersion of wind-blown dust particles from open coal storage yards can cause serious air-pollution and environmental problems. Wind erosion also leads to a loss of raw materials resulting in a needless waste of precious investment. From the standpoint of wind engineering it is valuable to investigate the wind erosion phenomenon in a systematic manner in order to develop methods for reducing undesirable dust emissions.The wind erosion of particles near the ground surface frequently occurs in the open storage yards of power generation plants and steel-making companies. This erosion causes environmental problems and the loss of raw materials. However, the mechanism of wind erosion is difficult to understand because the dispersion mechanism is very complicated and depends on many topographic and meteorological factors. For this reason only a few empirical correlations are available for predicting dust erosion, and adequate quantitative relationships between the fluctuating surface pressure and flow over a coal pile have yet to be established (Owen, 1964; Gillette, 1974; Iversen et al., 1987; Kind, 1990). Recently, the enhanced regulation for environmental protection has led to an increase in the importance of atmospheric wind tunnel simulations of wind-blown dusts in the field of wind engineering.Windbreaks have been widely used since early times, mainly to protect agricultural fields. Nowadays, they are also extensively used in a range of applications such as preventing snow drift, soil erosion, pollutant dispersion and spills of toxic materials. The wind fence used in the present study is one such windbreak. The wind fence withstands a drag force, causing a net loss of momentum of the oncoming airflow and thus has a sheltering effect. However, as the permeability of the wind fence is reduced, the bleed flow through the fence holes decreases and the drag force increases. From this point of view, use of solid fences as windbreaks can cause practical difficulties because of the increased drag force on such fences and increased construction cost. Many studies have endeavored to find effective wind fences that simultaneously reduce drag and enhance the shelter effect.Borges and Viegas (1988) investigated the shelter effect of windbreaks by measuring the mean velocity and shear stress of the near wake behind the windbreaks. Lee and Kim (1999) measured the velocity fields in the turbulent wake behind two-dimensional porous wind fences using a two-frame PTV technique. They found that as the fence porosity (ε) increases the turbulence intensity and Reynolds shear stress decreases; however, the mean velocity deficit also decreases.In a study on porous windbreaks Perera (1981) investigated the effects of porosity and permeable-hole shape on the mean velocity deficit, reattachment length and Reynolds shear stress in the near wake. The separation bubble formed behind the fence disappeared when the fence porosity was >ε=30%. Ranga et al. (1988) found that the drag force acting on wind fences is mainly affected by the fence porosity and fence height. Plate (1971) revealed that a windbreak can effectively reduce wind-blown dust when it is embedded in the atmospheric boundary layer over a plain terrain.Bofah and Alhinai (1986) investigated the encroachment of drifting sand in inhabited arid regions and studied the use of porous fences to control sand drift. A complete quantitative analysis of the effects of porous fences has not been performed, because wind erosion is a very complicated phenomenon that is greatly affected by climatic and topographical factors. Raine and Stevenson (1977) measured flow statistics such as the mean velocity, Reynolds stress, turbulence intensity and power spectra in the lee of a solid fence and permeable shelter fences. In their study, a windbreak with low to medium permeability reduced the overall mean velocity more than a solid windbreak. A fence with even larger permeability gave better overall protection.Several previous studies have considered the wind erosion of pollutants in urban areas. Grant (1988)measured the pedestrian-level wind speed at several sites across an urban area and compared it with wind-tunnel simulation results using the plastic-pellet erosion technique. Chatzipanagiotidis and Olivari (1996)investigated the pollutant dispersion over a hill using a digital image analysis. They found that the boundary layer thickness of oncoming flow significantly influenced the wind erosion of pollutants.However, only limited attention has been given to the problem of wind erosion in large open storage yards. Lee and Park (1998) and Lee and Park (1999) investigated the interaction between porous wind fences and the coal pile surface pressure. Using wind-tunnel tests they found that a wind fence of porosity ε=40% is the most effective for reducing the pressure fluctuations on a 2-D prism surface. The shelter effect of the porous wind fence was found to extend up to the 5th–6th prism in consecutive triangular prism models.（末段）The shelter effect of a porous wind fence with porosity ε=30% on the surface pressure and surface shear stress was investigated experimentally using a scaled-down model of the coal piles at the POSCO Kwang-Yang open storage yards. The mean and rms pressure fluctuations on the model coal piles were measured for several dominant wind directions. The presence of the fence decreased the surface shear stress on the windward surface to about half of that found in the no fence case. The wind fence of porosity ε=30% was found to be effective for decreasing the surface pressure and surface shear stress on the coal piles in the open storage yard.参考文献ReferencesBofah and Alhinai (1986)K.K. Bofah, K.G. AlhinaiField tests of porous fences in the regime of sand laden windJournal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 23 (1986), pp. 309–319Article | PDF (3533 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (9)Borges and Viegas (1988)A.R. Borges, D.X. ViegasShelter effects on a row of coal piles to prevent wind erosionJournal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 29 (1988), pp. 145–154Article | PDF (423 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (28)Bradley and Mulhearn (1983)E.F. Bradley, P.J. MulhearnDevelopment of velocity and shear stress distributions in the wake of a porous shelter fence Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 15 (1983), pp. 145–156Article | PDF (475 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (49)Cermak (1987)J.E. CermakAdvances in physical modeling for wind engineeringJournal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 113 (5) (1987), pp. 737–756View Record in Scopus | Full Text via CrossRef | Cited By in Scopus (15) Chatzipanagiotidis and Olivari (1996)A. Chatzipanagiotidis, D. OlivariPollutant dispersal downstream of a hill in different wind conditionsJournal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 64 (1996), pp. 233–248。
