仪表飞行员地面课程Lesson 9

– resultant danger imminent
• Priority by ATC in an emergency
– report within 48 hours to manager of particular ATC facility if requested
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage2116REGSPART91,NTSB
– 600’ ceiling / 2sm for precision
IAP
– 800’ ceiling / 2sm for nonprecision
– at ETA at alternate
•NO IAP:
• forecast WX must allow descent from MEA to airport under basic VFR
仪表等级飞行员理论培 训stage2-
116REGSPART91,NTS B
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2020/11/9
仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage2116REGSPART91,NTSB
14 CFR 91.3
• Responsibility and Authority of Pilot in Command
– Not allowed to be operated while an aircraft is under IFR
• Not included in the list is:
– Portable voice recorders – Hearing aids – Heart pacemakers – Electric shavers – Any other device the operator has determined

功能：监控飞机的飞行状态 和性能参数
作用：为飞行员提供实时的飞 行数据和性能参数，以便及时
调整飞行状态
评估：对飞行数据进行分析和 评估，为飞行员提供飞行建议
和改进措施
提供飞机的航向、高度、速度等信息 引导飞机按照预定航线飞行 提供飞机与跑道的距离和角度信息 帮助飞行员判断飞机的着陆时机和位置
提供飞机的精确位置信息 引导飞机安全降落到跑道上 提供飞机相对于跑道的位置信息 提供飞机相对于跑道的航向信息 提供飞机相对于跑道的高度信息 提供飞机相对于跑道的速度信息
夜间着陆：为夜间着陆提供安全引 导
ICAO（国际民 用航空组织） 发布的仪表着 陆系统技术标
准
FAA（美国联 邦航空局）发 布的仪表着陆 系统技术规范
EASA（欧洲航 空安全局）发 布的仪表着陆 系统技术规范
I ATA （ 国 际 航 空运输协会） 发布的仪表着 陆系统技术规
范
国家标准：GB/T 17676-2008《民用航空 器仪表着陆系统》
,
汇报人：
01
02
03
04
05
06
定义：仪表着陆系统是一种用于引 导飞机安全降落到跑道上的导航系 统。
特点：自动化程度高，操作简便， 可靠性强。
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作用：提供精确的导航信息，帮助 飞行员在恶劣天气或夜间条件下安 全降落。
应用：广泛应用于民航、军用航空 等领域。
仪表着陆系统是一 种用于引导飞机安 全降落的导航系统。
提供飞机偏离跑道 或下滑道的警告
提供飞机接近跑道 或下滑道末端的警 告
提供飞机接近跑道 或下滑道末端的警 告
提供飞机接近跑道 或下滑道末端的警 告

• A minimum of four satellite signals are required to solve for an unaided, unique, position and time solution.
How Does GPS Work? Basic Function of GPS
• Store flight plans
• ARTCC, FSS & COMM data
• Airspace info • Routing Info • IAP approaches • Airport info
• Runway layout
Aviation Benefits From GPS Navigation
each satellite at all times
GPS Velocity
• GPS gives us more than just our position – it can tell us how fast we’re moving as well
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)
Requirements for IFR GPS Navigation: AIM 1-1-19
• If loss of RAIM is predicted at ETA, then use alternate or delay/cancel. (Check GPS NOTAMS!)
• NOTEAny required alternate airport must have an approved instrument approach procedure other than GPS that is anticipated to be operational and available at the estimated time of arrival, and which the aircraft is equipped to fly.

The Bluest Eye（Excerpts)by Toni MorrisonGuide to ReadingWhen we discuss contemporary American literature, it is impossible not to mention the name and works of Toni Morrison。

A Nobel Prize winner for literature, she has written up to now seven novels，making significant contributions to the depiction of African American experience. Unlike some African American writers who expose white racism against the blacks in a direct way，Morrison’s exploration tends to be introverted1, focusing on the relationships within the black community. Her novels often reveal how the dominant white culture has deprived the black people of their own cultural values and the destructive impact this cultural mutilation2has brought about among the black people。

Although most of her novels are apparently set in her home town in Ohio，they not only depict the black experience in that region，but tell 1个性内向的：人的特征为兴趣或是盘据脑海的只有自己或是自己的想法；害羞或是排斥; 含蓄的; 内倾的；不爱交际的; introvert vt.使(思想)内向; 使内省extroverted外倾的：对其他的人或环境如与自身相反的或之外的事物感兴趣的；喜群居的或外出的：2毁损；残缺；切断; mutilate毁伤；使残废Her arm was mutilated in the accident.她的胳膊在车祸中受了重伤。