Secondary Prevention
Maternal autoimmune disorders identify and treat
Rh isoimmunization Platelet isoimmunization Antiphospholipid antibody Graves Disease Myasthenia Gravis
• Mumps - congenital deafness
Primary Prevention
Avoidance of teratogens
• Drugs - cocaine, alcohol, tobacco, toluene • Medications - accutane, seizure medications,
Primary Prevention
Maternal nutrition
• Folic Acid 400 micrograms per day
• neural tube defects 1965 Hibbard and Smithells • Northern China 6 per 1000 live births with NTD • Berry et al. NEJM 341:1485, 1999
Secondary Prevention
Maternal Platelet Isoimmunization recognition after a prior affected infant Mother lack antigen, father is either homozygous or heterozygous for the antigen Fetus is antigen positive -> inutero thrombocytopenia and bleeding Rx - maternal IVIG, ? Fetal IVIG