汉译英长句和篇章

汉译英段落参考译文1.闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。

丝绸之路延伸6,000多公里，得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。

丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。

正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。

同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶盒瓷器(porcelain)也传遍全球。

物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。

The world-famous Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the West and East. Extending more than 6,000 kilometers, the Silk Road gets its name from the ancient Chines silk trade. Trade on the Silk Road played a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that the four great ancient Chinese inventions of paper making, gunpowder, the compass and printing were introduced to the world. Likewise, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain were also spread throughout the globe. The exchanges of material culture went both ways, with Europe also exporting a wide range of goods and plants via the Silk Road to meet the demands of the Chinese market.2.烤鸭是北京名菜，风味独特。

1、Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动；所以，直接的物质生活资料的生产和一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展程度，便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法律的概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基础上发展起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不像过去那样做得正好相反。

长句的翻译长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。

汉语和英语都有长句，但在句子结构上的差异很大。

所以，在翻译时要讲究方法，否则就难以准确清晰地传达原文的各层意思。

在处理长句时，要注意如何断句和如何区分主从，正确运用合并法，倒置法和插入法。

一、断句所谓断句，就是把原文的一句话译作两句或更多句。

大凡长句多为复句，而汉语复句和英语复句往往在结构上不同。

汉语的一个复句有时需要断作几句来译，才能使意思清晰，结构利落，合乎英语的表达习惯。

另外，现代英语的句子结构也趋向简短，文章中非限制性的关系子句用得越来越少。

为此，翻译汉语长句时也常常采用断句手法。

一般来说，在以下几种情况下都可以断句：1. 汉语句子较长，内容较复杂这种句子如果同样译作一个长句，在结构上有困难，语境也不清楚；断句则便于清晰地表达原意，又符合英语的表达习惯。

·历来只有真正老实的劳动者，才懂得劳动生产财富的道理才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想，而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动，为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。

Throughout the ages only honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labor. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas of getting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through hard practical work.·如今没奈何，把你雇在隔壁人家放牛，每月可以得他几钱银子，你又有现成饭吃，只在明日就要去了。

There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbor’s buffalo. Y ou’ll make a little money every month, and you’ll get your meals there too. Y ou are to start tomorrow.2. 汉语的总分复句汉语的总分复句都包括总说和分述两个部分。

1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译⽂] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很⼤程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译⽂] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商⼈试图化其利润的欲望和个⼈想化其收⼊效⽤的欲望相结合，⼀起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被⽤来制造它们。

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译⽂] 另⼀⽅⾯，如果⼤量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖⽅和制造商能提供的供给，⽽这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

【导语】⽔滴⽯穿，绳锯⽊断。

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2020考研英语⾼分长句翻译篇⼀ 1、Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality. 理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的⼀种抽象和符号化的表达。

2、Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live. 受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙⼈掌和荞属科植物才能⽣存的地⽅旺盛的⽣长。

3、The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them. 机械计时器的发展促使⼈们寻求更精确的⽇晷，以便校准机械计时器。

4、Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others. ⼈类学是⼀门科学，因为⼈类学家采⽤⼀整套强有⼒的⽅法和技术来记录观测结果，⽽这样记录下来的观测结果是供他⼈核查的。

5、Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris. 真菌在腐化过程中⼗分重要，⽽腐化过程将化学物质回馈于⼟壤，提⾼其肥⼒，并分解动物粪便。