吉 首 大 学 张 家 界 校 区 试 卷（B ） Test Paper (B) of Zhangjiajie Campus of Jishou University测试时间：2010-2011学年度第一学期院系名称：城乡资源与规划学院测试对象： 07 级 本科 层次 园林 专业学生课程: 园林专业英语 Special English of Landscape Architecture 考试时量: 120分钟I. Vocabulary and Structure (Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions, 2 points for each one, total is 20 points)1. The heritage of garden art can make a ( ) contribution towards general cultural education. It is of quite special importance for professional training since it contains the grammar of landscape design from the earliest beginnings up to modern times.A. biggerB. greaterC. considerableD. enough2. In garden terms a strict “conserve as found”, or preservation, policy is rarely appropriate because of the ( ) of the principal medium, the plants. A. very long time B. ephemerality C. transitoriness D. transiency3. The history of life on earth has been a history of ( ) between living things and their surroundings.A. interactionB. relation ofC.relationshipD. connection4. ( ) the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. A. However B. Considering C. Inspite D. Although5. Considered as materials, all plants have definite potentialities and each plant has an inherent quality which will inevitably express itself. An intelligent landscape design can evolve only ( ) a profound knowledge of, and sensitivity to, materials.A. fromB. betweenC. amongD. upon6. The layout of these landscape designs may have survived, but the planting will have changed many times through age and fashion, and because the provision for planting did not favour the ( ) of the plants.A. productionB. yieldC. reproductionD. regeneration7. These steps of the design process represent an ideal sequence of events. Many of the ( ) overlap one another and blend together so the neat ordering of the outline is less clear and apparentA. foot paceB. stepsC. stepD. ladder8. Each project represents a unique set of circumstances and, therefore, ( ) a different method for proceeding through the design process. A. required B. requires C. require D. requiring9. Park projects would civilize and ( ) the national character, foster the love of rural beauty and increase the knowledge of and taste for rare and beautiful trees and plants. A. refined B. refine C. designed D. design10. The case for public parks in the 19th century was built largely on the same concerns ( ) that for improved housing. A. so B. into C. as D. likeII. True or False Questions. (Select T if the statement is true, select F if it is false. 2 points for each one, total is 10 points)11. ICOM is the abbreviation of International Council of Museums. ( )A. TB. F12. UNESCO is the abbreviation of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. ( )A. TB. F13. The IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, which met in Venice from May 25th to 31st 1964. ( )A. TB. F14. As the new day breaks, the city lights fade, overpowered by the light of the sun; blue seas and green forests and grasslands emerge, surrounding and penetrating the vast urban constellations. ( )院（系）：___________级别:_________ 专业（班次）:____ ___学号:______ ____姓名:___ _ _ (请考生将上述信息按规定要求填在密封线以上的栏目中,未按要求填写的试卷作废 -----------------------------试----------------------卷-----------------密---------------封-------------------线------------------A. TB. F15. In the preliminary master plan all elements of the design are put together and studied in association with one another in a realistic, semicomplete graphic manner.( )A. TB. FIII. Cloze test (Please fill in the blanks of the following passages with proper words or phases given below. 2 points for each one, total is 20 points)1. As an ( 16 ), the extent and type of information sought during the site analysis should directly ( 17) on the character and complexity of concepts prepared in a later phase. Likewise, one may find it necessary to revisit the site or talk to the ( 18 ) again once the design phase itself has been started because some item of information was overlooked the first time or one’s memory and ( 19 ) simply need refreshing. And sometimes it helps to revisit the site after starting the design phase because then the designer can look at the site with experience and greater understanding of what limitations or opportunities are present. In other words, no one step of the ( 20 ) process occurs independently of the othersA. designB. impressionC. dependD. illustrationE. client2. While the practitioners of the English ( 21 ) of Landscape were using a limited range of plant species, a few botanical gardens and, of course, the traditional cottage ( 22) contained a wider range. Certainly by the end of the first quarter of the 18th century, the importation of exotics into Britain from abroad had ( 23 ), especially from North American. In 1765 the collection at Whitton, near Hounslow, listed 342 different plant species, and by 1768 the Royal garden at Kew had over 3000 different ( 24 ) with the precise figure of 5535 in 1789. More interesting to planting design, however, was the record of Dr. John Fothergill’s garden laid out in 1762 at Upton House, East Ham, because this included a wild area in which hardy exotics successfully naturalized. Dr. Fothergill also ( 25 ) alpine plants.F. gardenG. commencedH. SchoolI. cultivatedJ. speciesIV. Reading comprehension questions (2 points for each one, total is 20 points)1. Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In 1887 a professor of mental and moral philosophy, Grant Allen, published an analysis of aesthetics called Physiological Aesthetics. Today this little classic is virtually forgotten, but if a copy can be found, I commend it to all. The aesthetic conclusions were geared to the emotions of the day and to us now seem horribly sentimental, but the scientific method is unanswerable. It explains the hostility of modern man to what he feels is a soul-less, machine-made environment, and is a basic guide to landscape. From this primitive treasure house my own first choice is the power of stereoscopic vision to create feeling as well as sight in environment, how we can and should design for it, and how a felt foreground will connect our psyche to middle and far distance. But of course the perceptions are only a technical part in the long manufacture of the emotions in that marvellous green and restless habitat. In a period described as the golden age of the mammals, we were vegetarian, peace-loving and monarchs. No wonder the irrational parts of us hanker for that carefree if cruel existence, which created our basic sense of beauty and subconsciously inspires most private gardens today.26. A good title for this passage is ( ).A.Physiological aestheticsB.Aesthetic development in landscape architectureC. the history of physiological aesthetics.D. the history of landscape.:27. The word “geared” in the paragraph means ( ).A. To become adjusted so as to fit or blendB. To equip with gears.C. To connect by gears.D. To put into gear.28. The word “stereoscopic” in the paragraph means ( ).A. relating to seeing space three-dimensionally as a result of binocular disparity.B. formed by a stereoscopeC.relating to a stereoscopeD. of a stereoscope29. The word “vegetarian” in the paragraph means ( ).A.a person who advocates or practises vegetarianismB.CookeryC.consisting of vegetables and fruit onlyD. Consisting primarily or wholly of vegetables and vegetable products30. The word “monarch” in the paragraph means ( ).A. peopleB. humanC. studentD. animal2. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ruins must be maintained and measures necessary for the permanent conservation and protection of architectural features and of objects discovered must be taken. Furthermore, every means must be taken to facilitate the understanding of the monument and to reveal it without ever distorting its meaning. All reconstruction work should however be ruled out “a priori”. Only anastylosis, that is to say, the reassemblingof existing but dismembered parts can be permitted. The material used for integration should always be recognizable and its use should be the least that will ensure the conservation of a monument and the reinstatement of its form.31. The word “ruin” in the paragraph means ( ).A.something that is severely damagedB. a person who has suffered a downfallC. destroyed or decayed building or townD.loss of value or usefulness32. The word “conservation” in the paragraph means ( ).A.protection, preservation, and careful management of natural resources and of theenvironment B.maintenance C.The maintenance of a physical quantity D.the principles of democracy33. The word “anastylosis” in the paragraph means ( ).A. reassemblyB.archaeology,C. repeatD. reproduce34. The word “dismembered” in the paragraph means ( ).A. to remove the limbs or members ofB. to cut to piecesC. to divide or partitionD. dissected35.The word “reinstatement” in the paragraph means ( ).A. restorationB. recoverC. restartD. conversationV. Translation (Please translate the following passages into Chinese. 10 points for each one, total is 30 points)1. The master plan, the next step in the design process, is a refinement of the preliminary master plan. After gaining the reactions of the client from the preliminary master plan, the designer may need to revise and restudy certain portions of the proposal. With these changes included, the designer once again draws the site plan in a presentable fashion. One of the primary differences between a preliminary master plan and a master plan, in addition to the necessary design revisions, is the graphic style of each. While the preliminary master plan is drawn in loose, freehand, yet legible manner, the master plan is typically drawn with more control and refinement, as in Figure. 9.1. Rather than drawn entirely freehand, the master plan may have certain parts such as the property line, building outline, and edges of hard structural elements (walls, terrace, walks, decks, etc.) drafted with a triangle and T-square. However, other elements such as plant materials are still drawn freehand. To give the plan a controlled appearance, more time is usually spent drawing the master plan compared with the preliminary master plan.2.Modern urban problems are no different, in essence, from those that plagued ancient cities, execpt in degree, in the toxicity and persistence of new contaminants, and in the extent of the earth that is now urbanized. Even those who have sought to introduce nature to the city in the form of parks and gardens have frequently viewed the city as something foreign to nature, have seen themselves as bringing a piece of nature to the city.3.The cypress avenue was another form of planting and directed attention to a view beyond the garden or to some feature in the garden, and to a certain extent reduced the strong visual effect of planting arranged to form a pattern. The association between the landscape designs of the Far East and the natural landscape is familiar to those interested in the history of landscapes, especially in the stylized simulation of mountain and river landscapes, and also the philosophy embodied in this association.。
