高考英语 自主招生英语课件

乐成公立寄宿学校高三自主招生英语讲义（8）读写训练（二）一．完型填空(2008 复旦)Arguing that pop culture is not dumbing us down but making us more intelligent is guaranteedto generate media buzz. In the United States, Everything Bad is Good for You, the new book by the American pop science writer, Steven Johnson, has sparked a flurry of comment, much of it 1his claims about the beneficial effects of watching reality TV and The Sopranos.Much attention has focused more on Johnson's observations that computer games require 2 , forward planning, lateral thinking and sustained problem solving and, as such, offer a cognitive workout that can benefit 3 mental development.In the past few years academics, teachers and software developers have experimented with different ways to harness the cognitive 4 of games in more directed ways.Gee, author of What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy, argues that the best games offer a 5 .learning experience and suggests teachers can learn useful lessons by looking at how games draw players in and 6 them to concentrate and tackle complex problems.“Academic areas, like biology or history, are themselves like games,” Gee says. “Scientists act and interact 7 certain identities and values and use knowledge and information to accomplish certain sorts of goals. So learning science should be about 1earning how to ‘play the game' of science.” Obviously he is critical 8 “skill and drill” teaching, which focuses on lists of facts and repetitive testing.1. A. depended on B. centered on C. circulated through D. clustered round2. A. concentration B. determination C. perseverance D. tolerance3. A. complete B. extraordinary C. thorough D. overall 4．A．reforms B. innovations C. reproductions D. revision5. A. model B. moral C. morale D. mode6. A．propel B．motivate C. provoke D. compel7. A. on account of B. on the strength of C. in defiance of D. in terms of8. A. with B. of C. at D. in（2009 复旦）For years, I’ve avoided chicken like the plague. Alarming articles about food safety and inhumane raising practices (some in this magazine) put me off, and so did the plain fact that chicken had lost its 1 .The grainy and muscular yet succulent meat of my childhood had turned to wet cardboard. The specter of a real plague striking chickens in this country ——the H5N1 form of avian influenza, which in the past two years had led to the death or slaughter of 140 million birds in Asia-made me 2 recently into heirloom breeds of chicken and their chances of 3 if (or when, some say) avian flu is carried into North America.Good-tasting, carefully raised chickens have been nearly impossible to find unless you live near a farmer who subscribes to the pasturing methods long 4 by Joel Salatin, the chicken guru, or near a hobbyist who can bear to part with a beautiful bird like one of the Araucanas popularized byMartha Stewart (who even got a line of paints out her flock’s eggs). But now ,dedicated and small-scale farmers are raising strong and healthy chickens for meat, and it is just becoming 5 to chefs and home cooks hungry 6 chicken that tastes like chicken.Pasture-raised chickens eat grass and peck for bugs 7 standing in miserably cramped pens: they spend the daylight hours outdoors. Their meat tastes so good it’s hard to believe you’re eating chicken and not some special game bird. The dark meat is much darker, because the birds have actually exercised: all of the meat has sinew and taste. The fat is a deep gold rather than an anemic yellow. Real chicken could 8 be called “the other red meat.”1. A. flavor B. season C. tenderness D. odor2. A. look up B. look out C. look after D. look into3. A. sacrifice B. survival C. tolerance D. retrieval4. A. advocated B. restrained C. retarded D .abstained5. A. adequate B. addictive C. available D. ample6. A. of B. with C. about D. for7. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. better than8. A. practicallyB. approximatelyC. converselyD. incidentally 二．阅读理解AIt is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems — and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.Sometimes you are resistant, and proud because you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are the underdog: you can't win but at least you can keep your honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents' control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself.If you plan to control your life, co-operation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do. 21.The author is primarily addressing .A)parents of teenagers B) newspaper readersC) teenagers D) those who give advice to teenagers22.The first paragraph is mainly about .A)the teenagers' criticism of their parentsB)misunderstandings between teenagers and their parentsC)the dominance of the parents over their childrenD)the teenagers' ability to deal with crises23.Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles because they .A)want to irritate their parentsB)have a strong desire to be leaders in style and tasteC)have no other way to enjoy themselves betterD)want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own24.Teenagers do not want their parents to approve of whatever they do because they .A)have a desire to be independentB)feel that they are superior in a small way to the adultsC)are not likely to win over the adultsD)have already been accepted into the adult world25.To improve parent-child relationships, teenagers are advised to be .A)obedient B) responsible C) independent D) co-operativeBA rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental, system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.The railroad was very important in encouraging Westward Movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.26.The major problems with America's railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in .ck of financial support for developmentB.poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systemsC.limited railroad linesck of a transcontinental railroad27.The building of the first transcontinental system .A.brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west.B.attracted many visitors to the construction sitesC.attracted laborers from EuropeD.encouraged people to travel all over the country28.The best title for this passage would be .A. Settlements Spread WestwardB. The Importance of Railroads in the American EconomyC. American Railroad HistoryD. The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital Link29.The construction of the transcontinental railroad took .A. 3 yearsB. 7 yearsC. 4 yearsD. 9 years30.What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?A.The possibility of government support for such a task.B.The need to explore Utah.C.The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.D.The need to connect the east coast with the west.三．翻译社会保障体系至关重要建立和健全社会保障体系，关系到改革，发展、稳定的全局，意义重大，刻不容缓，必须切实抓紧抓好。

第二讲：上海自主招生语法与词汇（英语）第一部分复旦试题1．The score that a student obtains before any adjustment and transformation is called the score.A．bare B．raw C．primitive D．crude此题考的是搭配，raw score“原始分”。

C和D也都是“原始的”，但搭配不同，C用于primitive society，D用于crude oil。

2．The play is so intriguing that the audience quickly identified the actors and actresses.A．by B．for C．with D．on此题考的也是搭配，短语be identified with“与…有同感”。

3．When the chief executive officer was invited to play the piano at the end of the concert, she performed a piece without .A．inspection B．investigation C．manipulation D．rehearsal此题考的是生词。

4．The multi-millionaire has reached the point money no longer makes much difference to him.A．that B．which C．when D．where本题考点是定语从句，只要分析从句中的句子成分，便可以很快找出答案。

这里从句有主语，有完整的谓语，先行词一定是做状语。

point, situation等表示事态、情况、程度等的一些词在用于定语从句时后面的连词要用where或in which。

再比如，we're just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.5．Helen her former classmate when she was on the train bound for Germany.A．ran into B．hit on C．bumped against D．rushed at此题考的是短语。

乐成公立寄宿学校2012届高三自主招生英语讲义（9）读写训练（三）一．完型填空One summer night, on my way home from work I decided to see a movie. I knew the theatre would be air-conditioned and I couldn't face my __1__apartment.Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the __2__ between the two tall heads in front of me. I had to keep changing the __3__ every time she leaned over to talk to him, __4__ he leaned over to kiss her. Why do Americans display such __5__ in a public place?I thought the movie would be good for my English, but __6__ it turned out, it was an Italian movie. __7__ about an hour I decided to give up on the movie and __8__ on my popcorn ( 爆玉米花). I've never understood why they give you so much popcorn! It tastedpretty good, __9__ . After a while I heard __10__ more of the romantic-sounding Italians. I just heard the __11__ of the popcorn crunching ( 咀嚼) between my teeth. My thought started to __12__ . I remembered when I was in South Korea (韩国), I __13__ to watch Kojak on TV frequently. He spoke perfect Korean - I was really amazed. He seemed like a good friend tome, __14__ I saw him again in New Y ork speaking __15__ English instead of perfect Korean. He didn't even have a Korean accent and I __16__ like I had been betrayed.When our family moved to the United States six years ago, none of us spoke any English.__17__ we had begun to learn a few words, my mother suggested that we all should speak English at home. Everyone agreed, but our house became very __18__ and we all seemed to avoid each other. We sat at the dinner table in silence, prefer-ring that to __19__ . in a difficult language. Mother tried to say something in English but it __20__ out all wrong and we all burst into laughter and decided to forget it! We've been speaking Korean at home ever since.1. A) warm B) hot C) heated D) cool2. A) crack B) blank C) break D) opening3. A) aspect B) view C) space D) angle4. A) while B) whenever C) or D) and5. A) attraction B) attention C) affection D) motion6. A) since B) when C) what D) as7. A) Within B) After C) For D) Over8. A) concentrate B) chew C) fix D) taste9. A) too B) still C) though D) certainly10. A) much B) any C) no D) few11. A) voice B) sound C) rhythm D) tone12. A) wonder B) wander C) imagine D) depart13. A) enjoyed B) happened C) turn D) used14. A)until B) because C) then D) therefore15. A) artificial B) informal C) perfect D) practical16. A) felt B) looked C) seemed D) appeared17. A) While B) If C) Before D) Once18. A) empty B) quiet C) stiff D) calm19. A) telling B) uttering C) saying D) speaking20. A) worked B) got C) came D) made二．阅读理解A(上海交大2009)A thorough market analysis and plan are essential for starting a new venture or deciding whether an existing one should be terminated or expanded. Many businesses and programs have failed because the importance of these steps was underestimated. The market research, analysis, and plan should be conducted by a qualified company employee or departmental official or by an experienced third party. The most important point is that it be finished before a decision is made to proceed.Investors can provide the financing. The principals can invest time, money, and energy. Facilities can be built and equipped and personnel hired and trained. Y et it can all be lost if there isn’t a market to support the product.Repeated business failures, which can be attributed to a lack of market research and planning, occurred in many of the shopping centers in the author’s home city of San Jose, California. Specialty shops have opened and closed on a regular basis. Some failures were undoubtedly due to poor management, others to undercapitalization or poor economic conditions. But many were caused by an inadequate understanding of the market being served.Many of the products carried by the specialty stores were also offered by large department or discount stores, often located in the same shopping centre. The department and discount stores frequently had a distinct price advantage. For the specialty shops, the problem was a lack of competitive knowledge, which only comes from market analysis and planning.Patently ridiculous examples of poor market planning are locating a Cadillac dealership in the centre of a poor district and opening a Japanese specialty food store in a predominantly Italian neighborhood.But these extreme examples highlight the essential lesson: the importance of knowing the market to be served.21. According to the first paragraph, the failure of many businesses lies in ________.A. unsuccessful decisions-makingB. shortage of adequate investmentC. poor management of the businessD. insufficient scientific market study22. Whether a business can survive or not mainly depends on the fact that ________.A. there is enough capital to run the companyB. customers are willing to buy its productsC. the personnel are well trained and energeticD. it is fully equipped with advanced facilities23. Why does the author give the example of the failure of many specialty shops in his home city?A. To demonstrate and analyze the causes of the failure of these shops.B. To stress the importance of knowledge about the target market.C. To warn of the danger of running specialty shops.D. To show the high frequency of business failure.24. Specialty shops often fail in competing with large department stores in the same district mainly because________.A. their products are more expensiveB. their services are often undesirableC. they fail to adjust to the right marketD. they don’t offer a large variety of goods25. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?A. Market Planning – an Essential RequirementB. Major Causes of Business FailuresC. Specialty Shops vs Large Department StoresD. Winning Over Y our CustomersB（华南理工2009）Most people will answer a ringing phone. Usually you don’t know who is phoning or how urgent their business is, so a ringing phone is difficult to ignore. In one experiment, a researcher wrote down the numbers of several public phones in stations and airports. Then he called the numbers. Someone nearly always answered. When he asked why, people usually said, “Because it rang.”A few years ago in New Jersey, a man with a gun killed 13 people. Armed police surrounded his house but he refused to come out. A reporter found out the phone number of the house and called. The man put down his rifle and answered the phone. “What do you want?” he said, “I’m really busy right now.”Imagine you’re at work and the phone is ringing in someone else’s office. Do you answer it or not? In one survey on telephone use, 51% of participants told researchers that they did. We can’t ignore the phone and for that reason, it forces its way into our lives. It interrupts w hat we are doing and on top of that, the caller is often someone we don’t really want to talk to. However, in the survey, 58% said they never took the phone off the hook, and 67% didn’t mind if someone called during a television program. For 44% it wasn’t a problem if someone rang during a meal, while only 28% were annoyed or upset. If someone phoned in the middle of the night, 40% told researchers that they got nervous or frightened, while around 30% got angry.Of course, when someone is really annoying, you can choose to hang up on them. This is in fact one of the rudest things you can do on the phone, but 79% said they were prepared to do it in some cases. Only 6% told researchers they never hung up on people.41. In the experiment, people answered the re searcher’s phone ___________.A. for fear that it was urgentB. in order to help him gather the dataC. to test the function of the phoneD. to show their interest in the survey42. The gunman answered the phone because ___________.A. he decided not to give up his resistance to the policeB. he tended to answer a ringing phoneC. he wanted to tell the reporter that he was too busy to offer any informationD. he intended to be friendly with the media43.According to Para. 3, most people _________ when they were doing their work or watching television?A. minded the ringing of the phoneB. couldn’t ignore the phoneC. refused to answer the phone in someone else’s officeD. kept the phone ringing44. What is implied by th e sentence “79% said they were prepared to do it in some cases.” (in the last paragraph)?A. They were annoyed by the rude callers.B. They were prepared to punish those rude callers.C. They were going to hang up on annoying phones.D. They also agreed that it was a rude to hang up on others45. The purpose of the survey is to find out __________.A. how the phone interrupts people’s workB. what role the phone plays in people’s livesC. why people mind a ringing phone sometimesD. when the phone communication is more welcome（全国重点大学自主招生试题解析与模拟预测试卷。

乐成公立寄宿学校2012届高三自主招生英语讲义（6）阅读理解无论是哪一种英语考试，阅读部分都至关重要，可以说只要阅读做好了就有拿高分的把握。

阅读理解不像词汇那样可以在短时间里有显著的提高，它必须靠平时大量的练习和长时间的积累才会有好的效果。

阅读的首要任务就是理解，六级的阅读考题基本上要求全面理解。

有的考生认为六级阅读越快越好，这是一个误区，如果对所读的材料不理解，读得再快也没有用。

还有一个误区就是有的考生认为现在各种各样的补习班教授的应试技巧可以解决一切问题，这也是不正确的，因为阅读的高分来自语言基础与应试技巧的结合，语言基础越好，技巧运用越容易，决不能走人离开语言基础单纯追求技巧的误区。

因此，在平时的学习中必须扎扎实实练好语言基本功，扩大知识面与思维视野，同时有针对性地掌握应试技巧，这样才会有事半功倍的效果。

阅读中常见的问题一、视域窄实验证明人的视域最大可以一目半行，而考生一般是一目一词，连一目三、四词的速度都达不到，这是考生阅读时间不够的主要原因。

另外，用手或笔指着阅读，逐行地点着阅读或一边读一边翻译都会影响阅读速度。

而且，有些单词并非是与文章主旨直接相关的关键词，这样，反而不能有效地集中精神阅读较重点的关键词句。

二、回读一般来说为了斟酌题干和原文的关系，回读是不可避免的。

但是对一些生词、难句不论是否与题干有关都反复地进行阅读，这样会干扰对全文的理解。

有时印象太深，甚至会在做题时选择与读不懂的原文相似或相近的选项。

三、有声朗读和无声朗读无声朗读是比较普遍的现象，这样容易分散注意力，人容易疲劳，影响对关键词句的理解，大大影响阅读速度。

四、做题时依据自己的主观臆断我们对自己熟悉的题材常常带有明显的个人看法，往往根据自己已有的观点去理解原文，而忽视了作者的观点，因而常常误选一些不确切的答案。

阅读技巧经常我们都能从各种各样的参考书上看到以下的技巧，我觉得做夭级的阅读题，这些方法足以提高六级的阅读速度。