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高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题学习讲义

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高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题（讲案）

（一）识别和判断猜词题题干特征

常见命题形式

1. 意义类

The word “...” probably means ______.

By saying “...” we mean ______.

“...” as used in the passage can best be defined as ______.

2. 替代类

The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by ______.

Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”?

What do you think the expression “...” stand for?

3. 指代类

The word “...” refers to ______.

（二）猜词类题目解题技巧

1. 利用上下文语境来猜测词义

Passage 3

There are so many ways to make new friends such as joining a sports team, taking part in community activities,

or traveling. And there is no doubt that a friend in need is a friend indeed because he can help you out when you are

in trouble or encourage you when you are upset. So, joining a sports team will be my first choice.

The primary reason for this is that everyone in a sports team has the same interest, which is the most basic

character for friends. Because of it, they will become your potential friends so that the chance to be friends is very

high. In addition, the same interest can give you a lot of topics to talk about with your friends in daily conversation.

（2017-2018，省实验高一上期期中考试，B）

1. 【★★★】The underline word “potential” can be replaced by .

A. beat B. suitable C. reliable D. possible

【答案】D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下句意：“这种情况的主要原因是，运动队中的每个人都有相同的兴趣，这是成为朋友最基本的特点。因此，题他们会成为你_______的朋友，成为朋友的机会非常高。”因此D最合适。

Passage 4

Plenty of science fiction (sci-f) movies over the decades have shown us different versions of Mars. The truth

about the Martian surface might be exciting because it's real. And with NASA’ s Mars 2020 mission set to launch

this summer, we're facing more discovery.

So far, thanks to a decade of research enabled by NASA's Curiosity rover, we’ve learned that lakes, rivers

streams and likely oceans used to appear on Mars. While its water disappeared over three billion years ago, it tells

us that Mars used to be habitable. This knowledge confuses us because so far, we’ve seen no clear evidence of life

there, not even a virus. But if Mars was once habitable, wouldn't it have life?

（2020，历城二中高一7月学情检测，C）

1. 【★★★】What does the underlined word “habitable” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Enjoyable to visit. B. Suitable for living.

C. Ready for changes. D. Convenient to travel.

【答案】B

【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段So far, thanks to a decade of research enabled by NASA’s Curiosity rover, we've

learned that lakes, rivers streams and likely oceans used to appear on Mars(到目前为止，多亏了美国宇航局的“好奇号”漫游者长达十年的研究，我们了解到火星上曾经出现过湖泊、河流和海洋)可知，火星上曾经出现过湖泊、河流和海洋，这些事实告诉我们，火星曾经是“宜居的”。可推知，habitable意为suitable for living，故选B。

2. 利用指代关系来猜测代词词义

Passage 5

When Michael Phelps announced his retirement at the 2016 Rio Olympics he really had no intention of

swimming competitively again. However, that changed when he approached the Discovery Channel to help kick off

Shark Week with a race against one of the world’s fastest and most efficient shark-a great white! （2017-2018，历城二中高一上学期第三次调研，C）

1. 【★★★】What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 1 refer to?

A. His intention to swimming.

B. His original idea.

C. His decision to quit swimming.

D. His ranking in the Olympics.

【答案】B

【解析】词义猜测题。根据When Michael Phelps announced his retirement at the 2016 Rio Olympics he really had

no intention of swimming competitively again。得知当菲尔普斯在2016年里约奥运会上宣布他退役时，他打算不再参加竞技性游泳了。从“然而……”得知当初的想法改变了。故选B。

Passage 6

Most parents fear getting letters home from their children’s school. They are usually informing them that their child

is in big trouble. But ahead of the SATs exams next week, one school decided to send a letter of a different type.

Bosses at Buckton Vale Primary School in Stalybridge sent letter to all pupils in the sixth grade to tell them how

special and unique they are. The letter highlights all the natural skills and abilities the pupils have and everything that

makes them “smart’’ individuals.

（2017-2018，历城二中高一上学期第三次调研，D）

1. 【★★★】What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A. Parent. B. Children.

C. Teachers. D. Letters.

【答案】D

【解析】词义猜测题。根据Most parents fear getting letters home from their children’s school. They are usually

informing them that their child is in big trouble

，这句话的意思是许多父母都害怕收到他们孩子学校的信，信中经常通知家长们他们的孩子惹了大麻烦，所以“They”指的是信，选D。

3. 利用构词法知识来猜测词义

Passage 7 Among the four skills in learning English，which one of these is the “odd-man-out”? The answer is

speaking．The other three you can do alone on your own．But you can’t really speak alone! Speaking to yourself

can be “dangerous” because men in white coats may come and take you away!

Where can you find people to speak English? And how can you practice speaking when you are alone?

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高中英语阅读中的词义猜测

高中英语阅读中的词义猜测

高中英语阅读中的词义猜测

阅读教学在高中英语教学过程中占有举足轻重的地位,而理解词义是阅读的基础。学生在阅读时难免会遇到生词,若通过查词典或其他工具书,必然会影响阅读速度,中断阅读思路。在高考英语试题中,阅读理解题占40分,还专门设有一些词义猜测题,这就要求学生要有良好的词义猜测能力。因此,学生要学会猜测词义。

下面笔者就平常在阅读课教学中积累的一些经验谈谈。一般从如下两方面猜测词义:一是通过上下文猜测词义;二是通过构词法猜测词义。

1. 通过上下文来猜测词义

1.1 根据定义、解释或同位关系来猜测词义。在含有生词的上下文中有时能找到一个对生词所下的定义或解释说明,学生可通过对其定义或解释的理解推测出它的词义。信息词to be defined as, to be, to be called, refer to, mean, namely, that

is ( to say), in other words, be known as, stand for, represent 等预示着下文对前文的信息加以重复或解释。例如:The density of pure water is 1,000 kg/m3, meaning

that one cubic metre of water weighs one thousand kilogrammes. (SB 2B P20) 该句中density可能是生词,但信息词mean后面的文字是对前一句的解释,因此学生不难猜出 density 是指“密度”。

在很多情况下,定语从句或同位语从句给出了它所修饰的某一名词的定义。所以,以定语从句或同位语从句为线索也可以猜出生词的词义。例如:Fair-weather

friends are friends who only like you when you are happy or when you are popular.

2018届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练(一)猜测词义类

2018届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练(一)猜测词义类

1 阅读理解词义猜测题专练(一) 猜测词义类

A

(2017·甘肃省第一次高考诊断试卷)

In China, there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends

and relatives from whom they haven't heard for a while. The first is about New Year

greetings, which are always welcome. The second reason is often unpleasant, however;

people are increasingly contacting long­lost friends, or even casual acquaintances,

and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in

competitions.

The practice, which has been growing rapidly, has now reached the point where

people are becoming tired and may even feel annoyed.

The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua Evening News in East

China's Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked

by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children. The contests range

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧

在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。

这种题常见的提问方式有：

The underlined word “__”in the passage means __.

What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for?

The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____.

The word/phrase “__” could best be replaced by __.

The word/phrase “__” in Line…, Para …refers to__

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence

“____”?

What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …, Para …?

The author uses the word “____” to indicate____?

做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。猜测词义时，要掌握以下三个做题要领和六种解题技巧：

做题要领

1）文中找线索或信息词;

2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；

高考英语词义猜测专项训练 (1)

高考英语词义猜测专项训练 (1)

1

高考英语词义猜测专项训练

请根据句意选出与下列句子中划线单词意思相同或相近的选项。

1. Why have you let me be in the dark about this? As a leader, I should have known it. A. 在黑暗中 B. 穿着黑色衣服 C. 不知道/不了解 D. 被蒙着眼睛 2. The company keeps losing its customers and there’s a sharp decline in sales. A. 掉下 B. 衰退 C. 谢绝 D. 下降 3. He deposits a large sum of money in the bank each month for his old age. A. 储存 B. 放下 C. 沉淀 D. 寄存 4. When he came back after the war, he found the villages deserted. A. 沙漠化 B. 荒无人烟 C. 擅离职守 D. 丧失 5. It took me some time to digest the difficult essay which I’d read several times. A. 消化 B. 理解 C. 摘要 D. 忘记 6. The bad weather put us in a dilemma then and we were wondering whether to continue or stop. A. 进退两难 B. 动弹不得 C. 无法适应 D. 左右逢源 7. If you want to apply for the position, a diploma in this field is a must. A. 背景 B. 文凭 C. 人脉 D. 经验 8. We should not have racial discrimination for the reason that everyone is born equal. A. 分别 B. 批评 C. 鉴赏 D. 歧视 9. I was tired of his speech, which was long, boring and disgusting. A. 令人着迷的 B. 引起共鸣的 C. 让人害怕的 D. 令人反感的 10. There is a sharp distinction between the two words, so it’s easy to tell one from the other. A. 联系 B. 相同 C. 区别 D. 分离 11. Her interests are very diverse, ranging from reading to traveling, and from literature to politics. A. 沉闷无趣的 B. 非常有趣的 C. 单一无聊的 D. 多种多样的 12. While traveling in America, he lost his passport, so he went to the embassy for help. A. 学生会 B. 华人组织 C. 大使馆 D. 联盟 13. Unless we live in harmony with wildlife, we tend to keep ecology out of balance. A. 生态 B. 地理 C. 心理 D. 地质 14. Mike is a dynamic and energetic leader who never seems tired. A. 有活力的 B. 不作为的 C. 运转的 D. 和平的 15. He enjoys driving at a dizzy speed, but I feel scared to death. A. 旋转的 B. 飞快的 C. 变速的 D. 匀速的 16. She once had some disturbing experiences, which occasionally wakes her up with fear. A. 新奇刺激的 B. 有趣难忘的 C. 令人不安的 D. 令人厌烦的 17. I’m terribly sorry, but I didn’t hurt your feelings deliberately. I just did that by accident. A. 耐心地 B. 不断地 C. 故意地 D. 拼命地 18.Although the material looks hard, it is actually delicate, easily breaking into pieces. A. 易碎的 B. 精美的 C. 敏锐的 D. 微妙的 19. We have been longing for the travel. Much to our joy, we’ll make our departure tomorrow. A. 计划 B. 启程 C. 日程 D. 改变 20. When trying to figure out a solution to a problem, we should take all dimensions into account. A. 问题 B. 困难 C. 途径 D. 方面 21. After the monitor distributed the work, the students voluntarily began to work on their own. A. 分配 B. 完成 C. 监督 D. 催促 22. One main drawback is its high cost and another disadvantage is its inconvenience. 2