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表面技术第53卷第5期冷喷涂参数对7050高强铝合金轴箱体修复层组织和性能的影响韩晓辉1，姚小春2*，曹金山1，管益辉1，张志坚2，王雁鑫3，雒晓涛3（1.中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司，山东 青岛 266111；2.陕西天元智能再制造股份有限公司，西安 710049；3.西安交通大学，西安 710049）摘要：目的解决热加工技术修复高强铝合金存在的基材易开裂、沉积层易氧化、强度性能下降等问题，针对高速列车7050铝合金轴箱体修复需求，利用高压冷喷涂技术的低温固态沉积特性完成轴箱体同质修复。
方法采用7050铝合金轴箱体样件为基材，在其表面采用高压冷喷涂技术喷涂同质粉末制备出试样，通过SEM、TEM、显微硬度计、球盘摩擦磨损试验机、万能试验机，以及电化学测试等，分别研究喷涂压力、温度对修复层显微组织、硬度、剪切强度、耐蚀耐磨性能的影响规律。
结果修复层组织致密，孔隙率小于0.6%，随着喷涂压力、温度的升高，可进一步降低孔隙率；修复层的平均硬度可达133.1HV0.05，低于基体平均硬度（165.6HV0.05）；耐磨性与基体相当，磨损机理为塑性犁削；修复层与基体的剪切强度达到96 MPa 以上；修复层的腐蚀电位（−0.77 V，vs. SCE）略低于基体（−0.70 V，vs. SCE），修复层与基体无电偶腐蚀倾向。
结论通过高压冷喷涂技术制备了组织致密、结合良好、与基体性能相当的修复层，并采用优化的工艺参数完成了损伤轴箱体的再制造修复，经台架试验证明满足服役工况要求。
关键词：冷喷涂；铝合金；显微组织；剪切强度；耐磨性；耐蚀性中图分类号：TG146.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2024)05-0194-11DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2024.05.020Effect of Cold Spray Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of 7050 High-strength Al Alloy Journal Box Body CoatingHAN Xiaohui1, YAO Xiaochun2*, CAO Jinshan1, GUAN Yihui1,ZHANG Zhijian2, WANG Yanxin3, LUO Xiaotao3(1. CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., Shandong Qingdao 266111, China; 2. Shaanxi Tianyuan Intelligent RemanufacturingCo., Ltd., Xi'an 710049, China; 3. Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China)ABSTRACT: The 7050 high-strength Al alloys are easily to be cracked and the repair layers are easily oxidized and have much lower strength than the substrate materials when they are repaired with the thermal processing additive manufacturing technologies. To solve such problem, the work takes 7050 high-strength Al alloy journal box body used in high-speed train as an example and adopt cold spray, a low temperature solid-state material deposition process, to construct the repair layer.The 7050 aluminum alloy journal box body was used as the test material, with a specification of 100 mm×65 mm×10 mm.收稿日期：2023-01-14；修订日期：2023-06-13Received：2023-01-14；Revised：2023-06-13引文格式：韩晓辉, 姚小春, 曹金山, 等. 冷喷涂参数对7050高强铝合金轴箱体修复层组织和性能的影响[J]. 表面技术, 2024, 53(5): 194-204.HAN Xiaohui, YAO Xiaochun, CAO Jinshan, et al. Effect of Cold Spray Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of 7050 High-strength Al Alloy Journal Box Body Coating[J]. Surface Technology, 2024, 53(5): 194-204.*通信作者（Corresponding author）第53卷第5期韩晓辉，等：冷喷涂参数对7050高强铝合金轴箱体修复层组织和性能的影响·195·Before high-pressure cold spray, the surface of the test material was cleaned with acetone, and then sandblasted with 20 mesh Al2O3. Subsequently, by applying CS1, CS2, CS3 process parameters, the homogeneous powder was sprayed on the surface by high-pressure cold spray technology to prepare the sample. A DWCS-2000 cold spray system (Shaanxi Dewei Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China) was used for coating deposition and it was equipped with a Laval nozzle with throat diameter of 2 mm, outlet diameter of 5 mm, and divergent section length of 180 mm. During the experiment, N2 was used for both the accelerating gas and powder feeding gas. An electric spark cutting machine was used to cut samples with size 20 mm×20 mm×10 mm, 15 mm×15 mm×10 mm along the trajectory direction of the repair layer, and the cross section was polished. The surface morphology and cross-sectional microstructure of the repair layer were observed by Olympus DSX500 optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A fine analysis of the interface structure was conducted by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microhardness of the repair layer and substrate was measured by microhardness tester (HVS-1000). The wear resistance of the repair layer and substrate was tested by ball and disc friction and wear testing machine (UMT-2MT). The corrosion resistance of the repair layer and the substrate was performed by electrochemical workstation (CS150H). The shear strength between the repair layer and the substrate was tested by the universal machine (WE-100).Results showed that the repair layer was compact with porosity less than 0.6%. With the increase of spraying pressure and spraying temperature, the porosity could be further reduced. The average hardness of the repair layer could reach 133.1HV0.05, slightly lower than the average hardness of the substrate (165.6HV0.05). The wear resistance of the repair layer was almost comparable with that of the substrate, for both the repair layer and the substrate and plastic ploughing governed the mass loss in wear test. The shear strength of the repair layer with the substrate was as high as 96 MPa. The electrochemical corrosion test indicated that the corrosion potential of the repair layer (−0.77 V, vs. SCE) was only slightly lower than that of the substrate (−0.70 V, vs. SCE), which suggested that galvanic corrosion between the repaired area and the original region could be avoided. The repair layer with dense structure, good adhension and equivalent performance to the substrate was prepared by high-pressure cold spray technology at CS3 process parameter.The remanufactured repair of the damaged journal box body is completed by the CS3 process parameter. The bench test results show that the repair surface of the journal box body is intact, and no peeling and crack of the repair layer is found. The porosity of the repair layer is around 0.05%, meeting the requirements of service conditions.KEY WORDS: cold spray; Al alloys; microstructure; shear strength; wear resistance; corrosion resistance轴箱体是高速列车的重要组件，与排障装置安装臂连接，安装状态如图1a所示，它承载着整车重量，承受着列车运行中的交变载荷。
紧固件二硫化钼干膜润滑剂涂层涂覆技术研究万冰华;林忠亮;王燕芳;张晓斌【摘要】二硫化钼干膜润滑剂可以满足紧固件高负载、长寿命和日益严酷的工作环境的要求.紧固件涂覆前处理工序包括除油和“活化”,不锈钢及高温合金、钛及钛合金、碳钢及合金钢等不同材质紧固件“活化”各不相同,二硫化钼干膜润滑剂涂覆主要使用浸涂和空气喷涂的方式.文章介绍涂覆前处理工序、涂覆方式以及国内外相关标准,提出后期涂覆技术在耐腐蚀、耐磨以及采取更优异的前处理等方面还需作的进一步研究工作.【期刊名称】《航天标准化》【年(卷),期】2018(000)001【总页数】5页(P15-19)【关键词】紧固件涂层;二硫化钼涂覆;涂覆处理;表面处理【作者】万冰华;林忠亮;王燕芳;张晓斌【作者单位】航天精工股份有限公司,天津,300300;航天精工股份有限公司,天津,300300;航天精工股份有限公司,天津,300300;航天精工股份有限公司,天津,300300【正文语种】中文二硫化钼，分子式为MoS2，是钼和硫通过共价键结合形成的六方晶系结构，因其特殊的层状结构，被誉为“高级固体润滑油王”。
在高温、高负荷、超低温、超高真空、强氧化还原、强辐射等特殊环境条件下具有较好的润滑效果[1]。
将二硫化钼颗粒、树脂、固化剂、稀释剂等物质混合配制成干膜润滑剂，通过喷涂或浸涂的方式涂覆于零件表面，并固化形成粘结于零件表面的润滑涂层，已广泛用于航空、航天类紧固件产品中[2－4]。
干膜润滑剂的应用能增加紧固件的润滑性，降低摩擦系数，改善装配工艺性能，防止零件在装配或使用过程中因多次拧入、拧出而发生与基体金属相互摩擦、粘结的现象[5]。
二硫化钼干膜润滑剂的涂覆技术对涂覆产品的物理、化学、机械性能以及后期的装配性能均有很大的影响。
本文将总结国内外的涂覆技术，并结合笔者的实际生产经验，从前处理方式、涂覆方法以及二硫化钼干膜润滑剂涂层的性能要求等方面进行阐述，以期为相关工作者提供一些借鉴。
《离子氮化2Cr13不锈钢变载荷条件下摩擦磨损行为研究》篇一一、引言随着工业技术的不断进步，不锈钢材料在机械、汽车、航空航天等领域的广泛应用已经成为重要的研究方向。
离子氮化技术是一种利用气体等离子体技术处理不锈钢材料的方法，可提高材料的耐磨、耐腐蚀性能等，并广泛应用在制造各种工程零部件的实践中。
在各种载荷条件下的摩擦磨损行为对零件的使用寿命有着重大影响，而本文重点针对离子氮化2Cr13不锈钢在变载荷条件下的摩擦磨损行为进行研究。
二、材料与方法1. 材料选择本实验采用2Cr13不锈钢作为研究对象，该材料具有优良的力学性能和耐腐蚀性。
2. 离子氮化处理对2Cr13不锈钢进行离子氮化处理，以增强其表面硬度及耐磨性。
3. 实验方法采用摩擦磨损试验机进行实验，设定不同的载荷条件，对离子氮化后的2Cr13不锈钢进行摩擦磨损测试。
三、实验结果与分析1. 摩擦系数变化在变载荷条件下，离子氮化2Cr13不锈钢的摩擦系数随载荷的增加而有所变化。
在低载荷条件下，摩擦系数相对稳定；随着载荷的增加，摩擦系数逐渐增大，这可能与材料表面的微动磨损有关。
2. 磨损形貌分析通过扫描电镜观察发现，在低载荷条件下，磨损表面主要为轻微划痕和磨粒；随着载荷的增加，磨损表面出现较深的划痕和剥落现象。
离子氮化处理可显著减少这些现象的发生。
3. 表面形貌及化学成分分析经离子氮化处理后，2Cr13不锈钢表面形成了较为均匀的氮化物层，有效提高了材料表面的硬度。
这在一定程度上提高了材料抵抗磨损的能力。
四、讨论1. 载荷对摩擦磨损行为的影响随着载荷的增加，离子氮化2Cr13不锈钢的摩擦磨损行为发生明显变化。
高载荷条件下，材料表面承受更大的压力和剪切力，导致更严重的磨损现象。
因此，在实际应用中，需要根据实际工作条件选择合适的材料和工艺参数。
2. 离子氮化处理的作用离子氮化处理可显著提高2Cr13不锈钢的耐磨性。
氮化物层的形成提高了材料表面的硬度，降低了摩擦系数，从而提高了材料的耐磨性能。
PVD、CVD涂层硬质合金刀片铣削2Cr13不锈钢磨损实验
研究
杨剑;吴张欣;严亮;李炳蔚;高培文;雷学林;何云
【期刊名称】《工具技术》
【年(卷),期】2024(58)3
【摘要】2Cr13不锈钢是一种典型的难加工材料。
在其铣削加工过程中,存在铣削力大、铣削温度高、加工硬化趋势强、切屑黏附性强、刀具磨损严重等问题。
选用AlCrN(PVD)和TiCN-Al_(2)O_(3)-TiN(CVD)两款不同涂层的RCKT 1606圆形铣刀片,对2Cr13不锈钢进行铣削实验,并分析这两款涂层加工不锈钢的磨损性能及失效机理。
结果表明:TiCN-Al_(2)O_(3)-TiN涂层刀片铣削加工10m以后,两个刀片的后刀面磨损量均超过了0.3mm,且切削刃发生崩刃失效;AlCrN涂层刀片铣削
10m后,两个刀片的后刀面磨损量均超过0.12mm;在2Cr13不锈钢的铣削加工中,使用AlCrN(PVD)涂层可以有效提高刀具的切削寿命。
【总页数】5页(P64-68)
【作者】杨剑;吴张欣;严亮;李炳蔚;高培文;雷学林;何云
【作者单位】中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所;华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TG714;TH117
【相关文献】
1.CVD金刚石涂层刀具在石材铣削中的磨损特性研究
2.TiAlN涂层硬质合金可转位刀具快速铣削钛合金刀片磨损研究
3.PVD涂层硬质合金刀具加工2Cr13性能对比试验研究
4.PVD-AlTiN涂层刀具高速干铣削高温合金的磨损机理研究
5.硬质合金涂层刀片铣削AISI410不锈钢刀具寿命研究
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铝合金表面处理的方法及应用对铝及其合金进行表面处理产生的氧化膜具有装饰效果、防护性能和特殊功能,可以改善铝及其合金导电、导热、耐磨、耐腐蚀以及光学性能等。
因此,国内外研究人员运用各种方法对其进行表面处理,以提高它的综合性能,并取得了很大进展。
目前,铝及其合金材料已广泛地应用于建筑、航空和军事等领域中。
本文分类论述了铝及其合金材料表面处理的主要方法。
1·化学转化膜处理金属表面处理工业中的化学转化处理时使金属与特定的腐蚀液接触，在一定条件下，金属表面的外层原子核腐蚀液中的离子发生化学或电化学反应，在金属表面形成一层附着力良好的难溶的腐蚀生成物膜层。
换言之，化学转化处理是一种通过除去金属表面自然形成的氧化膜而在其表面代之以一层防腐性能更好、与有机涂层结合力更佳的新的氧化膜或其他化合物的技术。
1.1阳极氧化法铝的阳极氧化法是把铝作为阳极,置于硫酸等电解液中,施加阳极电压进行电解,在铝的表面形成一层致密的Al2O3膜,该膜是由致密的阻碍层和柱状结构的多孔层组成的双层结构。
阳极氧化时,氧化膜的形成过程包括膜的电化学生成和膜的化学溶解两个同时进行的过程。
当成膜速度大于溶解速度时,膜才得以形成和成长。
通过降低膜的溶解速度,可以提高膜的致密度。
氧化膜的性能是由膜孔的致密度决定的。
1.1.1硬质阳极氧化铝的硬质阳极氧化是在铝进行阳极氧化时,通过适当的方法,降低膜的溶解速度,获得更厚、更致密的氧化膜。
常规的方法是低温(一般为0℃左右)和低硫酸浓度(如<10%H2SO4)的条件下进行,生产过程存在能耗大、成本高的缺点。
改善硬质阳极氧化膜的另一种方法是改变电源的电流波形。
氧化膜的电阻很大,氧化过程中产生大量的热量,因此,传统直流氧化电流不宜过大,运用脉冲电流或脉冲电流与直流电流相叠加,可以极大地降低阳极氧化所需要的电压,并且可使用更高的电流密度,同时还可以通过调节占空比和峰值电压,来提高膜的生长速度,改善膜的生成质量,获得性能优良的氧化膜。
表面技术第52卷第11期金属双极板表面改性碳基涂层研究进展赵蒙，周晖*，贵宾华，汪科良（兰州空间技术物理研究所 真空技术与物理重点实验室，兰州 730000）摘要：首先对比了贵金属涂层、氮化物涂层、碳基涂层的性能优劣，重点阐述了碳基涂层改性技术的最新研究进展。
然后，以碳基涂层的设计及制备2个维度为研究切入点进行阐述。
在膜系设计方面，着重分析了膜系设计和元素掺杂对碳基涂层的性能影响；在制备方面，分析了偏压、沉积时间和气体流量等对碳基涂层的化学组分、微观结构的调控作用。
最后，总结了当前碳基涂层改性双极板存在的问题，主要为涂层运行寿命不足，无法达到服役标准；测试条件不统一，且模拟环境与电堆实际工况差距较大；涂层长时间服役后的失效机制不明确。
同时，对金属双极板改性碳基涂层的进一步发展方向做出了展望。
关键词：质子交换膜电池；双极板；碳基涂层；PVD；耐腐蚀性能；导电性能中图分类号：TG174 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2023)11-0182-18DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2023.11.014Research Progress of Surface Modified Carbon-basedCoatings for Metal Bipolar PlateZHAO Meng, ZHOU Hui*, GUI Bin-hua, WANG Ke-liang(Key Laboratory of Vacuum Technology and Physics, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, CAST, Lanzhou 730000, China)ABSTRACT: With the increasingly serious problems of energy and environmental pollution, the development of clean energy has become a hot issue. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell has become one of the most promising development directions in this field because of its zero emission, low operating temperature and high energy conversion efficiency. As the core component of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, bipolar plate accounts for 20% -30% of the total manufacturing cost. Its service performance and manufacturing cost have become the key factors restricting the development of fuel cell. The bipolar plate is ina high temperature and acidic corrosion environment for a long time, and has the functions of conductivity, thermal conductivity,distribution of reaction gas and drainage. Therefore, the bipolar plate requires good corrosion resistance, conductivity, hydrophobicity and durability. Although the metal bipolar plate has the advantages of easy processing and low production cost, it is difficult to avoid corrosion in an acidic environment, resulting in a decrease in fuel cell performance and service life.High-performance corrosion-resistant conductive coatings are deposited on the surface of metal bipolar plates with high machinability and low manufacturing cost by surface modification technology, which can significantly improve the service performance of metal bipolar plates. It has become one of the hotspots in the research field of fuel cell bipolar plates in recent years. On the basis of comparing the advantages and disadvantages of three typical metal bipolar plate modified coatings, such收稿日期：2022-10-19；修订日期：2023-02-20Received：2022-10-19；Revised：2023-02-20基金项目：甘肃省青年科技基金资助项目（22JR5RA786）Fund：Youth Science and Technology Fund of Gansu Province (22JR5RA786)引文格式：赵蒙, 周晖, 贵宾华, 等. 金属双极板表面改性碳基涂层研究进展[J]. 表面技术, 2023, 52(11): 182-199.ZHAO Meng, ZHOU Hui, GUI Bin-hua, et al. Research Progress of Surface Modified Carbon-based Coatings for Metal Bipolar Plate[J]. Surface Technology, 2023, 52(11): 182-199.*通信作者（Corresponding author）第52卷第11期赵蒙，等：金属双极板表面改性碳基涂层研究进展·183·as precious metal coating, nitride coating and carbon-based coating, the work points out the development bottleneck of high production cost of precious metal coating and insufficient durability and conductivity of nitride coating. Carbon-based coating was selected as the focus of this work, and the latest research progress of carbon-based coating modified metal bipolar plate material system was expounded. In this work, the key points in the design and preparation of carbon-based coatings were taken as the starting point. The effects of film design, element doping and key process parameters in the preparation technology of carbon-based coatings by PVD technology on the chemical composition, microstructure growth and macroscopic service performance of carbon-based coatings were analyzed, including the inhibition effect of multilayer structure on the growth of coated columnar crystals. The method of doping other elements was used to refine the grain, improve the adhesion between the coating and the substrate, and reduce the internal stress. The effect mechanism of element doping on the properties of carbon-based coatings was studied by theoretical calculation and experiment. The effect of important parameters such as bias voltage, deposition time and gas flow rate on the preparation of carbon-based coatings was investigated. The failure mechanisms of several carbon-based coatings were discussed. The key technical problems to be solved, such as the insufficient service life of most coatings, the inability to meet the service standard of 5 000 hours, the inconsistency of test conditions, and the large gap between the simulated environment and the actual working conditions of the stack, were summarized. At the same time, the further development direction of metal bipolar plate modified carbon-based coatings was also prospected.KEY WORDS: proton exchange membrane fuel cells; bipolar plates; carbon-based coating; PVD; corrosion resistance;conductivity能源是支撑人类社会运行与发展的基本要素，传统化石能源大规模利用产生的各类环境问题已受到全球关注。
第53卷第7期表面技术2024年4月SURFACE TECHNOLOGY·31·MCrAlY涂层的研究进展门引妮，李进，卢金文，徐研，郭阳阳*（西安瑞鑫科金属材料有限责任公司，西安 710016）摘要：随着发动机的服役温度日益升高，工作环境日益恶劣，涡轮叶片极易在高温环境中氧化，大大降低了叶片的使用寿命。
如何在低成本下制备保护性能好的高温防护涂层，是当前国内外研究的重点。
MCrAlY 包覆涂层可分为NiCrAlY涂层、CoCrAlY涂层和NiCoCrAlY涂层，这3类涂层的抗氧化性能和抗腐蚀性能较好，又有很好的塑韧性和抗热疲劳性能，因此可作为涂层或热障涂层的黏结层材料。
综述了涂层中主要元素（Al、Cr、Co、Y）、掺杂合金元素（Ta、Re、Si、Pt）、涂层制备工艺和预处理工艺对MCrAlY涂层性能的研究进展。
结果表明，可以通过调节MCrAlY涂层的成分来实现涂层性能的调控。
向MCrAlY涂层中掺入Si、Ta和Re等活性元素，可显著提高涂层的抗高温氧化性能，以进一步提高发动机的工作效率和满足高温的工作环境需求。
总结了采用细化涂层晶粒、掺杂纳米颗粒和制备梯度复合涂层等方法来提高MCrAlY 涂层的抗氧化性能和抗腐蚀性能的研究现状，对MCrAlY涂层的发展趋势进行了展望。
关键词：MCrAlY涂层；活性元素；制备工艺；抗氧化性能；抗腐蚀性能中图分类号：TG174 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2024)07-0031-09DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2024.07.003Research Progress of MCrAlY CoatingsMEN Yinni, LI Jin, LU Jinwen, XU Yan, GUO Yangyang*(Xi'an Rarealloys Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710016, China)ABSTRACT: With the rapid development of aerospace industry, the service temperature of the engine rises gradually, and the working environment gets worse. Turbine blades are easily oxidized in high temperature environment, which greatly reduces the service life of the blades. How to prepare high temperature protective coating with good protective performance at low cost is the focus of research in China and abroad, which is of great strategic significance to national defense security and national economic development. The work aims to present a comprehensive overview of research progress on MCrAlY coatings, which are widely used to protect substrates against oxidation and corrosion in high temperature environment. MCrAlY coating is subdivided into NiCrAlY coating, CoCrAlY coating and NiCoCrAlY coating. These three kinds of coatings have good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, as well as good plastic toughness and thermal fatigue resistance, so they can be used as bonding layer materials for coatings or thermal barrier coatings. The research progress on the properties of MCrAlY coating, such as the main elements (Al, Cr, Co, Y), the addition of alloy elements (Ta, Re, Si, Pt), the coating preparation process and the pretreatment process was reviewed. The results showed that different compositions and structures would affect the performance and application range of the coating. The control of coating properties could be realized by adjusting the composition of MCrAlY coating. The addition of alloy elements such as Si, Ta and Re into the MCrAlY coating could significantly improve the收稿日期：2023-04-16；修订日期：2023-09-07Received：2023-04-16；Revised：2023-09-07基金项目：陕西省2023年度秦创原引用高层次创新创业人才项目（QCYRCXM-2023-020）Fund：The 2023 Qin Chuangyuan Citation High-level Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents Project of Shaanxi Province (QCYRCXM-2023-020)引文格式：门引妮, 李进, 卢金文, 等. MCrAlY涂层的研究进展[J]. 表面技术, 2024, 53(7): 31-39.MEN Yinni, LI Jin, LU Jinwen, et al. Research Progress of MCrAlY Coatings[J]. Surface Technology, 2024, 53(7): 31-39.*通信作者（Corresponding author）·32·表面技术 2024年4月high temperature oxidation resistance of the coating, which was critical for improving the working efficiency of the engine and met the requirements of high temperature working environment. The preparation process and process parameters of the coating would affect its quality and stability. Moreover, various methods were summarized to improve the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of MCrAlY coatings, including refining the coating grain size, doping with nanoparticles and preparing gradient composite coatings. By optimizing the coating structure (coating thickness, grain size distribution, etc.), its oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance could be improved. The introduction of nanoparticles into the coating could improve its mechanical properties and spalling resistance. The development trend of MCrAlY coatings was prospected. In conclusion, MCrAlY coatings have exhibited excellent high temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance, making them suitable for harsh working environment. The properties of MCrAlY coatings can be controlled by adjusting their composition and utilizing advanced preparation and pretreatment processes. At present, due to the deterioration of the use environment, higher requirements are put forward for the use temperature of the coating, and the density and porosity of the coating need to be improved by one step. The future development direction of MCrAlY coating includes improving high temperature stability and mechanical properties, developing new coating materials, studying the preparation process and process parameters of coating, exploring its application in new fields, improving the precision control and consistency of coating, exploring the multifunctional application of coating, developing new coating preparation technology and promoting the digital design, prediction and simulation of coating. These directions will bring more opportunities and challenges to the application and development of MCrAlY coatings.KEY WORDS: MCrAlY coating; active element; preparation process; oxidation resistance; corrosion resistance发动机防护涂层到目前已经历了4个发展阶段：第一阶段为简单铝化物涂层；第二阶段为改性铝化物涂层；第三阶段为MCrAlY（M=Co、Ni或NiCo）包覆涂层；第四阶段为热障涂层（TBCs），如图1所示，底层为MCrAlY黏结层，表层为氧化钇、氧化镁或氧化钙稳定的氧化锆陶瓷涂层[1-2]。
第52卷第12期表面技术2023年12月SURFACE TECHNOLOGY·351·钛合金表面等离子喷涂Al2O3-40%TiO2陶瓷涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能周志强1，郝娇山1*，宋文文1，孙德恩2，李黎1，蒋永兵1，张健1（1.重庆川仪调节阀有限公司，重庆 400707；2.西南大学 材料与能源学院，重庆 400715）摘要：目的研究温度对钛合金表面Al2O3-40%TiO2陶瓷涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响，探讨涂层在高温下的摩擦磨损机理。
方法采用大气等离子喷涂技术（APS）在TC4钛合金表面制备Al2O3-40%TiO2（AT40）陶瓷涂层。
采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量分散谱仪（EDS），对AT40陶瓷涂层中的微观形貌和物相进行定性分析。
借助维氏显微硬度计，研究 AT40陶瓷涂层在常温下的截面显微硬度分布规律，以及高温下的显微硬度。
采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机，测试AT40陶瓷涂层在200、350、500 ℃下的摩擦磨损性能，并进行原位在线自动3D形貌表征。
结果 AT40陶瓷涂层呈典型的热喷涂层状结构，各相分布均匀，涂层结构致密，平均显微硬度相较于TC4钛合金基材提高了81%。
AT40陶瓷涂层在200、350、500 ℃下的高温硬度分别为513HV0.3、463HV0.3、448HV0.3。
在200、350 ℃时，AT40陶瓷涂层的平均摩擦系数分别为0.18±0.02和0.38±0.03，磨损率分别为(7.8±0.01)×10–5 mm3/(N·m)和(37.2±0.01)×10–5 mm3/(N·m)，涂层具有优异的抗高温摩擦磨损性能。
500 ℃时，涂层的平均摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.77±0.02和(134.4±0.01)×10–5 mm3/(N·m)，磨痕深度和磨损体积大幅增加，耐磨性能降低。
第52卷第2期表面技术2023年2月SURFACE TECHNOLOGY·385·热喷涂与冷喷涂技术等离子喷涂热障陶瓷涂层冷却累计残余应力的有限元模拟与验证李建坤1，罗军明1，苏宇航1，高玉魁2，陈同彩1，崔世宇1（1.南昌航空大学 材料科学与工程学院，南昌 330063；2.同济大学 材料科学与工程学院，上海 200092）摘要：目的为有效预测等离子喷涂热障涂层冷却过程中累积的残余应力，降低残余应力对涂层稳定性的影响，需寻求可靠的热障涂层应力检测方法。
方法利用有限元分析软件，采用生死单元法建立了等离子喷涂ZrO2涂层的有限元模型，高斯热源模拟等离子喷涂热源工况，研究涂层冷却至室温的残余应力及其分布。
使用X射线衍射法、拉曼光谱法对等离子喷涂制备的ZrO2涂层进行残余应力检测。
结果通过有限元模拟结果可以看出，喷涂涂层冷却到室温后其中心区域的残余应力与边缘位置相比较大，主要集中在热流中心区域；每层涂层结合界面处会产生较大应力，致使应力沿涂层厚度方向变化明显。
涂层的等效应力为160~ 220 MPa。
采用X射线衍射法检测涂层存在180~185 MPa残余应力。
标定ZrO2涂层的拉曼-应力因子为8.33 (cm·GPa)‒1，计算得到涂层存在残余应力为174~180 MPa。
对喷涂试样进行拉伸试验后，其残余应力有一定程度的释放。
结论使用有限元能有效模拟等离子喷涂至室温时涂层内部残余应力，与XRD、拉曼光谱检测结果具有良好的匹配性，涂层冷却至室温存在180 MPa左右的残余应力，严重影响涂层的稳定性。
关键词：残余应力；有限元模拟；热障涂层；生死单元法；高斯热源；X射线衍射；拉曼光谱中图分类号：TG174.442 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2023)02-0385-10DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2023.02.037Finite Element Simulation and Verification of Accumulated CoolingResidual Stress in Plasma-sprayed Thermal Barrier Ceramic Coatings LI Jian-kun1, LUO Jun-ming1, SU Yu-hang1, GAO Yu-kui2, CHEN Tong-cai1, CUI Shi-yu1(1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;2. School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)ABSTRACT: Plasma sprayed ZrO2 ceramic coating has been widely used in many industrial fields due to its simple manufacturing process, low cost, and good heat insulation effect. However, the structure and service conditions of thermal收稿日期：2021–12–20；修订日期：2022–04–22Received：2021-12-20；Revised：2022-04-22基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（52104361）Fund：National Natural Science Foundation of China (52104361)作者简介：李建坤（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为表面工程。
