宁波大学661基础英语2018年考研真题

宁波大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码: 651 科目名称：汉语言文学专业基础适用专业: 文艺学语言学及应用语言学汉语言文字学中国古代文学中国现当代文学一、名词解释1.劳动说2.意境3.艺术真实4.文学消费5.期待视野二、简答题1.生活活动的美学意义。

2.文学消费与文学生产的辩证关系。

3.什么是话语蕴藉及其典范形态。

三、论述题1.艺术构思的心理机制有哪些？2.说明文学风格的基本内涵，并说说你对文学风格的理解。

四、从现在的角度，给大一初入学的“你”写一封千字左右的信。

宁波大学2017 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码: 651 科目名称：汉语言文学专业基础适用专业: 文艺学语言学及应用语言学汉语言文字学中国古代文学中国现当代文学一、名词解释：（每小题4 分，共20 分）1．游戏发生说（文学活动发生说的一种）2．艾布拉姆斯的文学活动四要素说3．灵感4．文艺学5．隐含的读者二、简要回答题：（每小题10 分，共40 分）1．诗歌体裁有哪些艺术特征？2．请谈谈文学审美意识形态属性中形象和理性之间的关系。

3．人文关怀何以是善的终极价值体现？并说明文学中人文关怀与历史理性之间的关系。

4．理想型文学有哪些特征？三、论述题：（每小题20 分，共40 分。

）1．艺术真实不同于生活真实和科学真实，结合具体文学实例谈谈艺术真实的特征。

2．请阐释文学传播方式的演进历史和现状，并说明文学传播方式对文学的生产与消费有何深刻影响？四、写作题：（50 分）我们读过许多的书，请挑出一本来和大家分享，说一说自己挑选的理由：有用？有趣？有启发？有感动？或者只是这本书给自己带来的一些故事。

要求：1.题目自拟。

2.中心明确，层次清晰，书写工整。

3.字数在800 字左右。

考试科目: 汉语言文学专业基础科目代码： 651适用专业: 文艺学、语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学一、名词解释（每小题4 分，共20 分）1.文学风格2.隐含的读者3.文化批评4.艺术真实5.灵感二、简要回答题（每题10 分，共40 分）1.为什么说艺术起源于劳动？2.小说有哪些艺术特征？3.文学创造中主客体关系怎样？4.艺术发现有哪些心理特征？三、论述题（每题20 分，共40 分）1.文学作为审美意识形态，主要表现在哪些方面？2.结合诗歌作品，说明意境的审美特征。

2018宁波大学661基础英语初试试卷（A卷）考研真题科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语Shakespeare’s sonnets are very different from Shakespeare’s plays, but they do contain _____1_____elements and an overall sense of story. Each of the poems__2____with a highly personal theme, and each can be __3___ on its own or in relation to the poems around it. The sonnets have the feel of ___4___ poems, but we don’t know whether they deal with real events or not, because no one knows ___5___ aboutShakespeare’s life to say whether or not they deal with real events and feelings, so we tend to refer to the voice of the sonnets as “the speaker”—as ___6___ he were a dramatic creation like Hamlet or King Lear. There are certainly a number of intriguing ____7__ throughout the poems. The first 126 of the sonnets seem to be ___8___ to an unnamed young nobleman, whom the speaker loves very much; the rest of the poems (except for the last two, which seem generally unconnected to the __9___ of the sequence) seem to be addressed to a mysterious __10___ , whom the speaker loves, hates, and lusts for simultaneously. The two addressees of the sonnets are usually__11___ to as the “young man” and the “dark lady”; in summaries of individual poems, I h ave also called the young man the “beloved” and the dark lady the “lover,” especially in cases where their ____12__ can only be surmised. Within the two mini-sequences, there are a ____13___ of other discernible elements of “plot”: the speaker _14__ the young man to have children; he is forced to __15__ a separation from him; he competes with a__16___ poet for the young man’s patronage and affection. At two points in the sequence, it seems that the young man and the___17__lady are actually lovers themselves—a state of affairs with which the speaker is none too ___18___ . But while these continuities give the poems a narrative flow and a helpful frame of reference, they have been frustratingly_19____ for scholars and biographers to pin __20___ . In Shakespe are’s life, who were the young man and the dark lady?科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician mustexecute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F).1. It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.2. There are no connectio n between mother’s nervous systems and her unborn child’s.3. According to the passage, a child may inherit a rather general ability that we call intelligence.4. If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will mostly become a poet.5. The best title for the passage could be “Role of Inheritance”.Section C (10 points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within 100 words.She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. Her head was leaned against the window curtains, and in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne. She was tired.Few people passed. The man out of the last house passed on his way home; she heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path before the new red houses. One time there used to be a field there in which they used to play every evening with other people's children. Then a man from Belfast bought the field and built houses in it - not like their little科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语brown houses, but bright brick houses with shining roofs. The children of the avenue used to play together in that field - the Devines, the Waters, the Dunns, little Keogh the cripple, she and her brothers and sisters. Ernest, however, never played: he was too grown up. Her father used often to hunt them in out of the field with his blackthorn stick; but usually little Keogh used to keep nix and call out when he saw her father coming. Still they seemed to have been rather happy then. Her father was not so bad then; and besides, her mother was alive. That was a long time ago; she and her brothers and sisters were all grown up; her mother was dead. Tizzie Dunn was dead, too, and the Waters had gone back to England. Everything changes. Now she was going to go away like the others, to leave her home.Home! She looked round the room, reviewing all its familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years, wondering where on earth all the dust came from. Perhaps she would never see again those familiar objects from which she had never dreamed of being divided. And yet during all those years she had never found out the name of the priest whose yellowing photograph hung on the wall above the broken harmonium beside the coloured print of the promises made to Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque. He had been a school friend of herfather. Whenever he showed the photograph to a visitor her father used to pass it with a casual word:`He is in Melbourne now.'She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise? She tried to weigh each side of the question. In her home anyway she had shelter and food; she had those whom she had known all her life about her. Of course she had to work hard, both in the house and at business. What would they say of her in the Stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow? Say she was a fool, perhaps; and her place would be filled up by advertisement. Miss Gavan would be glad. She had always had an edge on her, especially whenever there were people listening.`Miss Hill, don't you see these ladies are waiting?'`Look lively, Miss Hill, please.'She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores.But in her new home, in a distant unknown country, it would not be like that. Then she would be married - she, Eveline. People would treat her with respect then. She would not be treated as her mother had been. Even now, though she was over nineteen, she sometimes felt herself in danger of her father's violence. She knew it was that that had given her the Palpitations. When they were growing up he had never gone for her, like he used to go for Harry and Ernest, because she was a girl; but latterly he had begun to科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother's sake. And now she had nobody to protect her, Ernest was dead and Harry, who was in the church decorating business, was nearly always down somewhere in the country. Besides, the invariable squabble for money on Saturday nightshad begun to weary her unspeakably. She always gave her entire wages - seven shillings - and Harry always sent up what he could, but the trouble was to get any money from her father. He said she used to squander the money, that she had no head, that he wasn't going to give her his hard-earned money to throw about the streets, and much more, for he was usually fairly bad on Saturday night. In the end he would give her the money and ask her had she any intention of buying Sunday's dinner. Then she had to rush out as quickly as she could and do her marketing, holding her black leather purse tightly in her hand as she elbowed her way through the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions. She had hard work to keep the house together and to see that the two young children who had been left to her charge went to school regularly and got their meals regularly. It was hard work - a hard life - but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life.She was about to explore another life with Frank. Frank was very kind, manly, open-hearted. She was to go away with him by the night-boat to be his wife and to live with him in Buenos Aires, where he had a home waiting for her. How well she remembered the first time she had seen him; he was lodging in a house on the main road where she used to visit. It seemed a few weeks ago. He was standing at the gate, his peaked cap pushed back on his head and his hair tumbled forward over a face of bronze. Then they had come to know each other. He used to meet her outside the Stores every evening and see her home. He took her to see The Bohemian Girl and she felt elated as she sat in an unaccustomed part of the theatre with him He was awfully fond of music and sang a little. People knew that they were courting,and, when he sang about the lass that loves a sailor, she always felt pleasantly confused. He used to call her Poppens out of fun. First of all it had been an excitement for her to have a fellow and then she had begun to like him. He had tales of distant countries. He had started as a deck boy at a pound a month on a ship of the Allan Line going out to Canada. He told her the names of the ships he had been on and the names of the different services. He had sailed through the Straits of Magellan and he told her stories of the terrible Patagonians. He had fallen on his feet in Buenos Aires, he said, and had come over to the old country just for a holiday. Of course, her father had found out the affair and had forbidden her to have anything to say to him.`I know these sailor chaps,' he said.科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语One day he had quarrelled with Frank, and after that she had to meet her lover secretly.The evening deepened in the avenue. The white of two letters in her lap grew indistinct. One was to Harry; the other was to her father. Ernes! had been her favourite, but she liked Harry too. Her father was becoming old lately, she noticed; he would miss her. Sometimes he could be very nice. Not long before, when she had been laid up for a day, he had read her out a ghost story and made toast for her at the fire. Another day, when their mother was alive, they had all gone for a picnic to the Hill of Howth. She remembered her father putting on her mother's bonnet to make the children laugh.Her time was running out, but she continued to sit by the window, leaning her head against the window curtain, inhaling the odour of dusty cretonne. Down far in the avenue she could hear a street organ playing. She knew the air. Strange that itshould come that very night to remind her of the promise to her mother, her promise to keep the home together as long as she could. She remembered the last night of her mother's illness; she was again in the close, dark room at the other side of the hall and outside she heard a melancholy air of Italy. The organ-player had been ordered to go away and given sixpence. She remembered her father strutting back into the sick-room saying:`Damned Italians! coming over here!'As she mused the pitiful vision of her mother's life laid its spell on the very quick of her being - that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness. She trembled as she heard again her mother's voice saying constantly with foolish insistence: `Derevaun Seraun! Derevaun Seraun!'She stood up in a sudden impulse of terror. Escape! She must escape! Frank would save her. He would give her life, perhaps love, too. But she wanted to live. Why should she be unhappy? She had a right to happiness. Frank would take her in his arms, fold her in his arms. He would save her.She stood among the swaying crowd in the station at the North Wall. He held her hand and she knew that he was speaking to her, saying something about the passage over and over again. The station was full of soldiers with brown baggages. Through the wide doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat, lying in beside the quay wall, with illumined portholes. She answered nothing. She felt her cheek pale and cold and, out of a maze of distress, she prayed to God to direct her, to show her what was her duty. The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist. If she went, tomorrow she would be on the sea with Frank, steaming towards Buenos Aires. Their passage had been booked. Could she still draw back after all hehad done for her? Her distress awoke a nausea in her body 科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语Part I Vocabulary(30points)Directions:There are30sentences in this part.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Please write the corresponding letters on the Answer Sheet.1.But officials with both cities________a state suggestion that water supplies might becontaminated.[A]dispensed[B]sacrificed[C]disputed[D]sufficed2.She was one of three joint________of the Nobel Peace Prize earlier this month.[A]recipients[B]receivers[C]receipts[D]receptions3.This ability to________despite obstacles and setbacks is the quality people most admire in others.[A]provoke[B]persevere[C]pulsate[D]peruse4.The federal government appealed for________,insisting that the crisis could be resolved withoutthe use of force.[A]initiative[B]limitation[C]friction[D]restraint5.Nancy is only a sort of________of her husband’s opinion and has no ideas of her own.[A]sample[B]reproduction[C]prototype[D]echo6.Now on the screen,they were at least aware of the________distinction between men and women asbuddies and friends.[A]stunning[B]fragile[C]primal[D]subtle7.Chaotic conditions continue to________in areas that ordinarily are thriving urban communities.[A]collide[B]shove[C]prevail[D]huddle8The majority who show________for the Kindle are those that aren’t interested in reading to begin with.[A]disdain[B]distress[C]distort[D]delusion9.When people________him on his voice,Martin started to dream of going on stage.[A]complemented[B]completed[C]complimented[D]compensated10.The________grandeur of Wast Water,England’s deepest lake and surrounded by the country’shighest mountains,is a world away from the gentle beauty of the Borrowdale valley.[A]evocative[B]inspiring[C]imploring[D]imposing(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语11.A big international bank just can’t afford to________clients in countries around the world.[A]separate[B]alienate[C]aggravate[D]shudder12.The British realized that they had________a nation across the sea where inhabitants could alsospeak English.[A]exceeded[B]mutated[C]spawned[D]settled13.A recent CNN poll shows twenty-three percent of respondents labeling hackers as useful,fifty-twopercent seeing them as a(n)________.[A]menace[B]disaster[C]aftermath[D]pitfall14.Nestling amongst the magnificent hills were the________ruins of an old monastery.[A]deforming[B]crumbling[C]destroying[D]smashing15.Every year the United Nations provides emergency aid to those countries that are________famine.[A]liken to[B]rooted in[C]afflicted by[D]perplexed with16.She________herself to the profound grief of losing her child in the accident.A)attributed[B]advocated[C]addressed[D]abandoned17.Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable________to the total cost of the product.[A]coherence[B]proportion[C]correlation[D]connection18.The company has________over the years into a multi-million dollar organization.[A]evolved[B]progressed[C]advanced[D]proceeded19.These factors helped to________the town into the list of the elegant,then most attractive in thecountry.[A]cultivate[B]initiate[C]elevate[D]extort20.The spokeswoman’s carefully-worded statement________an aura of credibility upon theadministration’s actions.[A]related[B]remarked[C]conferred[D]confronted21.It sounds like a________—Paris has almost three times as much rain as London but London ismuch rainier than Paris.[A]paradox[B]dilemma[C]puzzle[D]collision(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语22.My aunt has________herself to hard work through continuous efforts.[A]associated[B]exposed[C]habituated[D]inhibited23.Although most dreams apparently happen________,dream activity may be provoked by externalinfluences.[A]spontaneously[B]anonymously[C]instantaneously[D]consciously24.The war correspondent has seen so many faces________with fear.[A]contorted[B]twisted[C]warped[D]deformed25.More often than not,it is difficult to________the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom in English.[A]transfer[B]convert[C]convey[D]exchange26.The president is now under pressure to________power to the republics.[A]heft[B]commit[C]compromise[D]yield27.The roll-call took some time,accompanied by my continuous attempts to________the noise.[A]dismiss[B]subdue[C]accentuate[D]exhaust28.The deepening recession has also________in the south of the country,where unemployment is onthe rise.[A]covered up[B]blurted out[C]taken its toll[D]cried out29.My accusers claim that I________torture on animals for the sole purpose of career advancement.[A]inflict[B]falter[C]manipulate[D]descend30.To diversify one’s business is to________different kinds of commercial enterprises.[A]train on[B]pipe down[C]wear down[D]embark onPart II Cloze(20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill ONE word in each of them that best completes the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.It is all very well to blame traffic jams,the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life,but manners on the roads are becoming horrible.Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters__31__the wheel.It is all very well,again,to have a tiger in the tank,but to have one in the driver’s__32__is another matter.You might tolerate the odd road-hog,the rude and inconsiderate driver,but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the__33__to the rule.Perhaps the situation__34__for a“Be Kind to Other Drivers”campaign,__35__it may(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语get completely out of control.Road politeness is not only good manners,but good__36__too.It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered drivers to resist the__37__to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.On the other hand,a little politeness goes a long__38__towards relieving the tensions of motoring.A friendly__39__or a wave of acknowledgement__40__response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too __41__today.Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However,misplaced__42__can also be dangerous.Typical examples are the driver who__43__violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic,__44__a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;or the man who waves a child across a zebra__45__into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time.The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and__46__they want to.It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver,__47__manners are faultless,told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time__48__causing the total blockages that give rise to bad__49__.Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive,let__50__master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship.Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users.It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.Part III Matching(20points)Directions:Match the titles of the books in the left column with the names of their writers in the right column.Please write the corresponding letters on the Answer Sheet.51.Jane Eyre a.Jack London52.Pride and Prejudice b.William Golding53.The Story of Philosophy c.Feng Youlan54.Robinson Crusoe d.Jane Austen55.The Autobiography e.Charlotte Brontë56.Animal Farm f.Arthur Miller57.Lord of the Flies g.John Steinbeck58.Tess of the D’Urbervilles h.Will Durant59.Tales from Shakespeare i.Daniel Defoe60.The Time Machine j.John Ruskin61.The Call of the Wild k.H.G.Wells62.The Sketch Book l.George Orwell63.Of Mice and Men m Robert Louis Stevenson64.A History of the English Language n.Benjamin Franklin65.Death of a Salesman o.Charles Lamb66.A Short History of Chinese Philosophy p.Thomas Hardy(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语67.Beloved q.Hung-Ming Ku68.Sesame and Lilies r.Washington Irving69.The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde s.Albert C.Baugh&Thomas Cable70.The Spirit of the Chinese People t.Toni MorrisonPart IV Paraphrase(10points)Directions:The following sentences are taken from Advanced English(《高级英语》)edited by Zhang Hanxi （张汉熙）and Wang Lili（王礼立）.Explain each sentence in your own words,bringing out any implied meanings.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.71.And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion,let both sides join in creating anew endeavor,not a new balance of power,but a new world of law,where the strong are just and the weak secured and the peace preserved.72.It is impossible to put down the wallpaper that defaces the average American home of the lower middle classto mere inadvertence,or to the obscene humor of the manufacturers.73.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent,and wasrebuffed.74.Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.75.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,and the muchpublicized orgies and defiant manifestoes of the intellectuals crowding into Greenwich Village gave them a pattern and a philosophic defense for their escapism.Part V Reading Comprehension(30points)Questions76-88are based on Reading Passage1below.Crop-growing skyscrapersBy the year2050,nearly80%of the Earth’s population will live in urban centers.Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends,the human population will increase by about three billion people by then.An estimated109hectares of new land(about20%larger than Brazil)will be needed to grow enough food to feed them,if traditional farming methods continue as they are practiced today.At present, throughout the world,over80%of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use.Historically,some15%of that has been laid waste by poor management practices.What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live on?(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语The concept of indoor farming is not new,since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time.What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people.Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required,employing cutting-edge technologies.One such proposal is for the‘Vertical Farm’.The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions.Situated in the heart of urban centers,they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers.Vertical farms would need to be efficient,cheap to construct and safe to operate.If successfully implemented,proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal,sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops),and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.It took humans10,000years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted.Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked,often turning verdant,natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts.Within that same time frame,we evolved into an urban species,in which60%of the human population now lives vertically in cities.This means that,for the majority,we humans have shelter from the elements,yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigors of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However,more often than not now,due to a rapidly changing climate,that is not what happens.Massive floods, long droughts,hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year,destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system.For instance,crops would be produced all year round,as they would be kept in artificially controlled,optimum growing conditions.There would be no weather-related crop failures due to droughts,floods or pests.All the food could be grown organically,eliminating the need for herbicides,pesticides and fertilizers.The system would greatly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface.Although the system would consume energy,it would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting non-edible parts of plants.It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use,by cutting out the need for tractors,ploughs and shipping.A major drawback of vertical farming,however,is that the plants would require artificial light.Without it,those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly,reducing the efficiency of the system.Single-storey greenhouses have the benefit of natural overhead light:even so,many still need artificial lighting.A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead light would require far more.Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive,unless cheap,renewable energy is available,and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails. Moving the trays allows the plants to get enough sunlight.This system is already in operation,and works well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching it from above:it is not certain,however,that it can be made to work without that overhead natural light.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing population.At the moment,though,more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment,particularly as regards the use of energy.While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future,most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops.Questions76-82Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Indoor farming76.Some food plants,including_____are already grown indoors.77.Vertical farms would be located in_____,meaning that there would be less need to take them longdistances to customers.78.Vertical farms could use methane from plants and animals to produce_____.79.The consumption of_____would be cut because agricultural vehicles would be unnecessary.80.The fact that vertical farms would need_____light is a disadvantage.81.One form of vertical farming involves planting in_____which are not fixed.82.The most probable development is that food will be grown on_____in towns and cities.Questions83-88Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage1?On your answer sheet,write:TRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this83.Methods for predicting the Earth’s population have recently changed.84.Human beings are responsible for some of the destruction to food-producing land.85.The crops produced in vertical farms will depend on the season.86.Some damage to food crops is caused by climate change.87.Fertilizers will be needed for certain crops in vertical farms.88.Vertical farming will make plants less likely to be affected by infectious diseases.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语Questions89-101are based on Reading Passage2below.THE FALKIRK WHEELA unique engineering achievementThe Falkirk Wheel in Scotland is the world’s first and only rotating boat lift.Opened in2002,it is central to the ambitious￡84.5m Millennium Link project to restore navigability across Scotland by reconnecting the historic waterways of the Forth&Clyde and Union Canals.The major challenge of the project lay in the fact that the Forth&Clyde Canal is situated35meters below the level of the Union Canal.Historically,the two canals had been joined near the town of Falkirk by a sequence of 11locks-enclosed sections of canal in which the water level could be raised or lowered-that stepped down across a distance of1.5km.This had been dismantled in1933,thereby breaking the link.When the project was launched in1994,the British Waterways authority were keen to create a dramatic twenty-first-century landmark which would not only be a fitting commemoration of the Millennium,but also a lasting symbol of the economic regeneration of the region.Numerous ideas were submitted for the project,including concepts ranging from rolling eggs to tilting tanks, from giant see-saws to overhead monorails.The eventual winner was a plan for the huge rotating steel boat lift which was to become The Falkirk Wheel.The unique shape of the structure is claimed to have been inspired by various sources,both manmade and natural,most notably a Celtic double-headed axe,but also the vast turning propeller of a ship,the ribcage of a whale or the spine of a fish.The various parts of The Falkirk Wheel were all constructed and assembled,like one giant toy building set,at Butterley Engineering's Steelworks in Derbyshire,some400km from Falkirk.A team there carefully assembled the1,200tonnes of steel,painstakingly fitting the pieces together to an accuracy of just10mm to ensure a perfect final fit.In the summer of2001,the structure was then dismantled and transported on35lorries to Falkirk,before all being bolted back together again on the ground,and finally lifted into position in five large sections by crane.The Wheel would need to withstand immense and constantly changing stresses as it rotated, so to make the structure more robust,the steel sections were bolted rather than welded together.Over45,000 bolt holes were matched with their bolts,and each bolt was hand-tightened.The Wheel consists of two sets of opposing axe-shaped arms,attached about25meters apart to a fixed central spine.Two diametrically opposed water-filled‘gondolas’,each with a capacity of360,000liters,are fitted between the ends of the arms.These gondolas always weigh the same,whether or not they are carrying boats. This is because,according to Archimedes’principle of displacement,floating objects displace their own weight in water.So when a boat enters a gondola,the amount of water leaving the gondola weighs exactly the same as the boat.This keeps the Wheel balanced and so,despite its enormous mass,it rotates through180°in five and a half minutes while using very little power.It takes just1.5kilowatt-hours(5.4MJ)of energy to rotate the Wheel -roughly the same as boiling eight small domestic kettles of water.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语Boats needing to be lifted up enter the canal basin at the level of the Forth&Clyde Canal and then enter the lower gondola of the Wheel.Two hydraulic steel gates are raised,so as to seal the gondola off from the water in the canal basin.The water between the gates is then pumped out.A hydraulic clamp,which prevents the arms of the Wheel moving while the gondola is docked,is removed,allowing the Wheel to turn.In the central machine room an array of ten hydraulic motors then begins to rotate the central axle.The axle connects to the outer arms of the Wheel,which begin to rotate at a speed of1/8of a revolution per minute.As the wheel rotates,the gondolas are kept in the upright position by a simple gearing system.Two eight-metre-wide cogs orbit a fixed inner cog of the same width,connected by two smaller cogs travelling in the opposite direction to the outer cogs -so ensuring that the gondolas always remain level.When the gondola reaches the top,the boat passes straight onto the aqueduct situated24meters above the canal basin.The remaining11meters of lift needed to reach the Union Canal is achieved by means of a pair of locks.The Wheel could not be constructed to elevate boats over the full35-metre difference between the two canals,owing to the presence of the historically important Antonine Wall,which was built by the Romans in the second century AD.Boats travel under this wall via a tunnel,then through the locks,and finally on to the Union Canal.Questions89-94Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage2?On your answer sheet,write:TRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this89.The Falkirk Wheel has linked the Forth&Clyde Canal with the Union Canal for the first time in theirhistory.90.There was some opposition to the design of the Falkirk Wheel at first.91.The Falkirk Wheel was initially put together at the location where its components were manufactured.92.The Falkirk Wheel is the only boat lift in the world which has steel sections bolted together by hand.93.The weight of the gondolas varies according to the size of boat being carried.94.The construction of the Falkirk Wheel site took into account the presence of a nearby ancient monument.Questions95-101Label the diagram below.Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.How a boat is lifted on the Falkirk Wheel(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语Questions102-105are based on Reading Passage3below.Preface to‘How the other half thinks:Adventures in mathematical reasoning’(A)Occasionally,in some difficult musical compositions,there are beautiful,but easy parts-parts so simple a beginner could play them.So it is with mathematics as well.There are some discoveries in advanced mathematics that do not depend on specialized knowledge,not even on algebra,geometry,or trigonometry.Instead they may involve,at most,a little arithmetic,such as‘the sum of two odd numbers is even’,and common sense.Each of the eight chapters in this book illustrates this phenomenon.Anyone can understand every step in the reasoning.The thinking in each chapter uses at most only elementary arithmetic,and sometimes not even that.Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in a mathematical experience,to appreciate the beauty of mathematics,and to become familiar with its logical,yet intuitive,style of thinking.(B)One of my purposes in writing this book is to give readers who haven’t had the opportunity to see and enjoy real mathematics the chance to appreciate the mathematical way of thinking.I want to reveal not only some of the fascinating discoveries,but,more importantly,the reasoning behind them.In that respect,this book differs from most books on mathematics written for the general public.Some present(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语the lives of colorful mathematicians.Others describe important applications of mathematics.Yet others go into mathematical procedures,but assume that the reader is adept in using algebra.(C)I hope this book will help bridge that notorious gap that separates the two cultures:the humanities and the sciences,or should I say the right brain(intuitive)and the left brain(analytical,numerical).As the chapters will illustrate,mathematics is not restricted to the analytical and numerical;intuition plays a significant role.The alleged gap can be narrowed or completely overcome by anyone,in part because each of us is far from using the full capacity of either side of the brain.To illustrate our human potential,I cite a structural engineer who is an artist,an electrical engineer who is an opera singer,an opera singer who published mathematical research,and a mathematician who publishes short stories.(D)Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to non-scientists,but have necessarily had to omit the mathematics,although it provides the foundation of their theories.The reader must remain a tantalized spectator rather than an involved participant,since the appropriate language for describing the details in much of science is mathematics,whether the subject is expanding universe,subatomic particles,or chromosomes.Though the broad outline of a scientific theory can be sketched intuitively,when a part of the physical universe is finally understood,its description often looks like a page in a mathematics text.(E)Still,the non-mathematical reader can go far in understanding mathematical reasoning.This book presents the details that illustrate the mathematical style of thinking,which involves sustained,step-by-step analysis, experiments,and insights.You will turn these pages much more slowly than when reading a novel or a newspaper.It may help to have a pencil and paper ready to check claims and carry out experiments.(F)As I wrote,I kept in mind two types of readers:those who enjoyed mathematics until they were turned off by an unpleasant episode,usually around fifth grade,and mathematics aficionados,who will find much that is new throughout the book.This book also serves readers who simply want to sharpen their analytical skills.Many careers,such as law and medicine,require extended,precise analysis.Each chapter offers practice in following a sustained and closely argued line of thought.That mathematics can develop this skill is shown by these two testimonials.(G)A physician wrote,‘The discipline of analytical thought processes[in mathematics]prepared me extremely well for medical school.In medicine one is faced with a problem which must be thoroughly analyzed before a solution can be found.The process is similar to doing mathematics.’A lawyer made the same point,‘Although I had no background in law-not even one political science course-I did well at one of the best law schools.I attribute much of my success there to having learned,through the study of mathematics,and,in particular,theorems,how to analyze complicated wyers who have studied mathematics can master the legal principles in a way that most others cannot.’(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语I hope you will share my delight in watching as simple,even naïve,questions lead to remarkable solutions and purely theoretical discoveries find unanticipated applications.Questions102-105Reading Passage3has seven sections,A-G.Which section contains the following information? Write the correct letter,A-G,on your answer sheet.102.a reference to books that assume a lack of mathematical knowledge103.the way in which this is not a typical book about mathematics104.personal examples of being helped by mathematics105.examples of people who each had abilities that seemed incompatiblePart VI Writing(40points)Directions:According to a newly-released Ministry of Education regulation,college students who have started their business can apply for leave for several semesters and their period of schooling can be extended. Universities are also encouraged to provide enterprise-based modules to nurture student entrepreneurship. Some people doubt whether the regulation will have an effect on students’grades or performance while others believe such initiative will help students better prepare for future careers.Discuss these points of view.What’s your opinion?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience or knowledge.Write an essay of NO LESS THAN400words.Marks will be awarded for content relevance,content sufficiency,organization and language quality.Write your essay on the Answer Sheet.THE END。

宁波大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 20 for Section A, and 10 for Section B) Section A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. It’s no good ________ remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.A. trying toB. try toC. to try toD. that try to2. No sooner had he put down the receiver with a sigh of relief ________ the telephone rang again.A. whenB. thanC. whileD. as3. The surface of the earth reflects enough of the sun’s light onto the face of the moon for us to be ableto see the parts of it which ________.A. are otherwise darkB. have otherwise been darkC. would otherwise be darkD. had otherwise been dark4. I reckon the election will result in another victory for the government, ________?A. don’t IB. doesn’t itC. won’t ID. won’t it5. “Did you enjoy your vacation in New York City?” “Very much. We had a good time ________.A. the visiting of museumsB. for museum visitingC. visiting the museumsD. to visit the museums6. “You agreed that I could have your car if I did this, right?” “Huh… that’s not exactly ________ I hadin mind.”A. thatB. whichC. soD. what7. His eyesight must be poor, for, as he reads, he bends down ________ his face is quite near the printedpage.A. unlessB. untilC. sinceD. as if8. Pressed for further details, the chairman confessed ________ that profits would show a further fall.A. such being likelyB. that being likelyC. they to be likelyD. it to be likely9. ________ the disappointment of the audience, the singer was only pretending to sing, while arecording was played.A. ToB. AsC. ForD. With10. I’ll never know all that was in his mind at the time, and ________.A. nor anyone else willB. anyone else won’t tooC. nor will anyone elseD. anyone else will not第0 页共9 页。

宁波大学考研英语-翻译专项试题一、考研英语翻译英译汉1．People’s attitudes towards gift giving may vary from country to country．A．人们的态度是国家之间要送礼物。

B．不同的国家的人对送礼的态度各不相同。

C．国与国之问人们对送礼物的看法不尽相同。

D．各国人们送礼的做法都在变化。

【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是对“attitude”和“vary”这两短语意思的理解。

“attitude”意为“看法”，而不是“态度”、“做法”，“vary”是“各不相同”的意思，并不是“变化”。

因此选项A、B和D均存在不同程度的理解错误。

知识模块：英译汉2． It is better to take your time at this job than to hurry and make mistakes．A．最好的工作要慢慢找，不要太着急。

B．工作中不要太急，免得出错。

C．干这活最好要慢点不要匆忙，免得出错。

D．最好要多花点时间在工作上，免得忙中出错。

【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”和“take yore time”。

“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”这个句型表示是两件事情的比较，“最好采取……，而不是……”选项A理解出错，选项B没有把这种比较的意思表达出来，选项D 没有翻译出“this job”。

知识模块：英译汉3． Not until the problem 0f talents and funds is solved, is our talking about the project meaningful．A．不到解决人才和资金问题的时候，无须讨论这项工程的。

B．讨论这项工程有无意义要看人才和资金问题能否得到解决。

考研宁波大学试题及答案试题：一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列关于宁波大学的说法，哪一项是正确的？A. 宁波大学位于浙江省宁波市B. 宁波大学是全国重点大学C. 宁波大学成立于1900年D. 宁波大学只提供理工科专业2. 考研政治中，毛泽东思想的精髓是：A. 实事求是B. 独立自主C. 群众路线D. 改革开放3. 在考研英语中，以下哪个单词的意思是“预测”？A. PredictB. ForecastC. AnticipateD. Expect4. 考研数学中，若函数f(x)在点x=a处连续，则以下哪项说法是正确的？A. f(a) = 0B. lim(x→a) f(x) = f(a)C. f(a) = f'(a)D. f(a)不存在5. 以下哪项不是考研复试中常见的考核内容？A. 专业课笔试B. 英语口语测试C. 个人才艺展示D. 面试6. 考研专业课中，对于经济学专业，以下哪项不是常见的考试科目？A. 微观经济学B. 宏观经济学C. 管理学D. 生态学7. 在考研政治的中国近现代史纲要部分，以下哪个事件标志着中国新民主主义革命的开始？A. 辛亥革命B. 五四运动C. 南昌起义D. 抗日战争8. 考研英语阅读理解中，如果一篇文章的主旨是关于环境保护的重要性，那么以下哪个问题最不可能出现在题目中？A. 文章中提到了哪些环境保护的措施？B. 作者为什么认为环境保护是重要的？C. 文章中提到的环境问题主要有哪些？D. 作者对经济发展和环境保护的关系持什么态度？9. 考研数学中，若一个数列的前n项和为S_n，且S_n = n^2，那么这个数列的第n项a_n与前n-1项和S_{n-1}的关系是：A. a_n = S_n - S_{n-1}B. a_n = 2nC. a_n = n^2D. a_n = n10. 考研复试中，以下哪项不是面试时可能会问到的问题？A. 你为什么选择这个专业？B. 你对未来有什么规划？C. 你最喜欢的一本书是什么？D. 你能否现场表演一段舞蹈？答案：一、单项选择题1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. D7. B8. D9. A10. D。

宁波大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语Part I Vocabulary (30 points)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Please write the corresponding letters on the Answer Sheet.1. Kate Chopin exposed the conventions of her time that kept women in a state of near constant ________.A) restoration B) revolution C) repression D) revelation2. The pyramids are an eloquent ________ to the ancient Egyptians’ engineering skills.A) evidence B) testimony C) attribute D) symbol3. Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the _________ of the first week’s rent, if you takeaccommodation they have found for you.A) same B) similarity C) equal D) equivalent4. This is a Babylonian and Assyrian epic in which a hero embarks on an _________ search forimmortality.A) exhausting B) exhaustive C) exhaustible D) exhausted5 The company’s business has _________ because of good management and a suitable marketingpolicy.A) highlighted B) increased C) prevailed D) thrived6. U.S. firms could be at a disadvantage in competing for ________ to Russian markets.A) process B) access C) excess D) success7. During the summer holiday season there are no ________ rooms in this seaside hotel.A) empty B) blank C) vacant D) deserted8. Those ________ lakeside settings with their ever-changing vistas make the lakes and their stunningrural beauty a place to visit time after time.A) idyllic B) latent C) gushing D) unsettling9. There’s always intense media coverage of air crashes and that can really play into people’s fears and_________ their perceptions of how safe it is to fly.A) preoccupy B) misconceive C) initiate D) skew10. In summer, huge areas of the French countryside are regularly _________ by forest fires.A) wrecked B) removed C) impaired D) devastated11. Participants in this sailboat race spent most of it in_________: one sailor, one boat, and a vast ocean.A) separation B) solitude C) privacy D) remoteness12. Finally, she wrote to the board chairman, _________ for intervention in the situation.A) imposing B) imploring C) striving D) alienating13. To_________ his death, national flags all over the country were hoisted at half-mast.A) regret B) lament C) depress D) gratify14. The British have always taken a quiet — sometimes practically unwitting — pleasure in_________foreigners.A) perplexing B) perceiving C) startling D) persevering第0 页共10 页。

2018年浙江宁波大学翻译硕士英语考研真题Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 20 for Section A, and 10 for Section B) Section A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. It’s no good ________ remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.A. trying toB. try toC. to try toD. that try to2. No sooner had he put down the receiver with a sigh of relief ________ the telephone rang again.A. whenB. thanC. whileD. as3. The surface of the earth reflects enough of the sun’s light onto the face of the moon for us to be able to see the parts of it which ________.A. are otherwise darkB. have otherwise been darkC. would otherwise be darkD. had otherwise been dark4. I reckon the election will result in another victory for the government, ________?A. don’t IB. doesn’t itC. won’t ID. won’t it5. “Did you enjoy your vacation in New York City?” “Very much. We had a good time ________.A. the visiting of museumsB. for museum visitingC. visiting the museumsD. to visit the museums6. “You agreed that I could have your car if I did this, right?” “Huh… that’s not exactly ________ I had in mind.”A. thatB. whichC. soD. what7. His eyesight must be poor, for, as he reads, he bends down ________ his face is quite near the printed page.A. unlessB. untilC. sinceD. as if8. Pressed for further details, the chairman confessed ________ that profits would show a further fall.A. such being likelyB. that being likelyC. they to be likelyD. it to be likely9. ________ the disappointment of the audience, the singer was only pretending to sing, while a recording was played.A. ToB. AsC. ForD. With10. I’ll never know all that was in his mind at the time, and ________.A. nor anyone else willB. anyone else won’t tooC. nor will anyone elseD. anyone else will not11. In the current economic climate it is fairly ________ that unemployment will continue to rise.A. predictableB. indifferentC. desirableD. reliable12. The rise in violent crime is one of the more worrying ________ of the current situation.A. mattersB. affairsC. portionsD. aspects13. Why didn’t you ________ the police immediately? This is vital evidence.A. informB. announceC. proposeD. claim14. It’s difficult to emerge from such a scandal with your reputation still________.A. wholeB. famousC. intactD. known15. Although there was a lot more to say, Stephen ________ from further questions.A. reflectedB. refrainedC. strainedD. resisted16. We could tell that she was still ________ something and it was our job to find out what.A. cancelingB. shelteringC. concealingD. settling17. He played very badly and I think your criticisms were completely ________.A. entitledB. justifiedC. hopelessD. disappointed18. A ________ examination for the post of department manager will be held next Tuesday.A. classifyingB. contrastingC. comparingD. competitive19. What she’s saying about the market may be true, but I’m ________ to give ita closer look.A. opposedB. attemptedC. inclinedD. consented20. It took two trips to ________ all Helen’s furniture to her new apartment.A. transferB. replaceC. locateD. displaceSection B: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choicesmarked, A, B, C, and D You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. In the 19th century, it was common to hear people in Europe and America say that the resources of the sea were unlimited. For example, a famous biologistsaid____(21)____the mid 1800s that resources of the sea were ____(22)____ . Today there’s ____(23)____ that the resources of the sea are as seriously threatened as ____(24)____ of the land and the air. ____(25)____, the threat to fish is greater ____(26)____ than the threat to birds and land animals because fish are a____(27)____ needed food resource. Many people throughout the world ____(28)____ fish as an important part of their food and a reduction ____(29)____ the fish supply could have wide ____(30)____ on hunger and the population. Fishermen in the Atlantic, every year, ____(31)____ 20 billion pounds of fish to ____(32)____ food demands. But it is important to ____(33)____ that these practices cannot continue____(34)____ the using up of the fish resources within the next few years.Sea resources are ____(35)____ declining in many parts of the world and the problem cannot be ____(36)____. It is only ____(37)____ care and planning in this generation ____(38)____ the food ____(39)____ of the sea can continue ____(40)____ future generations.21 A. on B. in C. at D. By22 A. exhaustible B. inexhaustible C. vast D. uncountable23 A. fact B. event C. evidence D. trend24 A. that B. those C. which D. what25 A. Furthermore B. Regardless of C. Fortunately D. In addition to26 A. by the way B. under way C. in some ways D. to such an extent27 A. many B. as C. much D. such28 A. apply B. utilize C. organize D. depend on29 A. for B. at C. in D. on30 A. affects B. results C. effects D. significance31 A. get B. breed C. consume D. devise32 A. provide B. meet C. supply D. present33 A. refer B. represent C. recognize D. reveal34 A. by B. for C. in D. with35 A. rapidly B. almost C. frequently D. effectively36 A. considered B. adapted C. ignored D. acquired37 A. with B. under C. in D. by38 A. in which B. by which C. in this way D. that39 A. deposits B. supplies C. components D. blocks40 A. with B. by C. for D. onPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points: 2×20)Direction: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D You are expected to make the best choice.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passageNowadays, Internet shopping is becoming increasingly popular and many more high street stores and supermarkets are now offering this facility．You can shop for justabout anything from the comfort of your own home，and all you need to do is to sit in your armchair and order things directly on the internet．Shopping on the Internet offers convenience and time—saving benefits to shoppers，as compared to traditional storefront shopping．People can shop for a variety of products on the Internet，ranging from physical products，such as books，CDs，clothes and food，to information products，such as on-line news or magazine stories．If it is too inconvenient for you to go out for shopping on your own，or if lack of time makes it difficult for you to shop at physical locations such as stores and shopping malls，you can choose to do shopping on the internet．The Internet operates 24 hours a day，seven days a week，and shoppers can expect to find and purchase goods off the Internet anytime，unlike traditional storefronts which have fixed opening hours．On wonder that some research findings indicate that consumers view the internet as an “instrument of convenience”．Despite of the advantages of Internet shopping，there are also disadvantages of Internet shopping. The main disadvantage on Internet shopping is that you cannot actually see the products you are buying or check their quality．Sometimes the computer image of the products can hardly compare with those that can be touched for quality and put on for comfort．Furthermore，Internet shopping cannot provide the social interaction and the sense of community. Many people will find it completely unpleasant because they may miss the opportunity to talk to friends．Some people are worried about paying for goods using credit cards，so Internet companies are now finding ways to make online payment safe．As a new type of shopping，Internet shopping is bound to become more and more popular in the future．Moreover，if the problem of the security of payment can be overcome，there will be more people willing to try online shopping．41．What is the most important advantage of Internet shopping?A.the reasonable price．B.the quality of the goods．C.the convenience it brings to you．D.the speed the goods are delivered to you．42．The phrase “physical products” in Line 3，Paragraph 2 means__________.A.anything you can useB.things useful for health careC.things connected with studyD.things you can see or feel43．On-line news and magazine stories are___________.A.not yet available off the InternetB.everywhere on the Internet and free to downloadrmation products available on the InternetD.the most popular products on the Internet44．We can learn from the second paragraph that _______________.A.a delivery charge added to the shopping bill discourage people from shopping onlineB.online payment are so safe that people can shopping on the Internet securelyC.people who enjoy the social experience will not choose online shoppingD.the quality of the goods are not always exact what you expect45．What can you infer from the last paragraph?A.Sometimes people are still worrying about the money they pay online．B.Shopping on the Internet is a relatively new shopping mode．C.Shopping is made easier by Internet shopping．D.People need to get used to computer system for a secure way of shopping．Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Have you ever felt so anxious during an examination that you couldn’t even put down the answers you knew? If so, you were suffering from what is known as test anxiety. According to psychologist Ralph Trimble, test anxiety is a very real problem for many people. When you’re worried over your performance on an exam, your heart beats faster and your pulse speeds up. These reactions start others: You may sweat more than normal or suffer from a stomachache or headache. Your field of vision narrows and becomes tunnel-like. Before you know it, you’re having difficulty focusing.“What I hear students say over and over again,” says Dr. Trimble, who is working at the Psychological and Counseling Center at the University of Illinoi s, “is, ‘My mind went blank.’”For a number of years, Dr. Trimble helped many students learn how to perform better during exams and to bring up their grades. Some of these students were interested in sharing what they learned and, with Trimble’s help, bega n holding workshops on overcoming text anxiety. For many students, just being in a workshop with other sufferers made them feel better. They realized that they were not the only ones who had done poorly on tests because of tension.The workshops were so successful that they are still given.In the workshops, students are taught that anxiety is normal. You just have to prevent it from getting the best of you. The first step is to learn to relax. If before or during an examination you start to panic, stretch as hard as you can, tensing the muscles in your arms and legs; then suddenly relax all of them.This will help relieve tension. But keep in mind that you don’t want to be too relaxed. Being completely relaxed is no better than being too tense. “If you are so calm you don’t care how you do on an examination, you won’t do well,” Trimble says. “There is an optimum level of concern when you perform at your best. Some stress helps. There are people who can’t take even slight stress. They have to learn that in a challenging situation, being anxiously excited is good and will help them to do better.But if they call it anxiety and say, ‘It’s going to hit me again,’ that will make them nervous and worried.”As a student you must also realize that if you leave too much studying until a day or two before the examination, you can’t do the impossible and learn it all. Instead, concentrate on what you can do and try to think what questions are likely to be asked and what you can do in the time left for studying.When you sit down to study, set a moderate pace and vary it by reading, writing notes, and going over any papers you have already written for the course, as well as thetextbooks and notes you took in class. Review what you know. Take breaks and go to sleep early e nough to get a good night’s rest before the exam. You should also eat a moderate breakfast or lunch, avoiding drinks like coffee and stay away from fellow students who get tense. Panic spreads easily.Get to the exam room a few minutes early so that you will have a chance to familiarize yourself with the surroundings and get out your supplies. When the examination is handed out, read the directions twice and underline the significant instructions, making sure you understand them. Ask the teacher to explain if you don’t. First answer the easiest questions, then go back to the more difficult.On essay questions, instead of starting right away, take a few minutes to organize your thoughts, make a brief outline, and then start off with a summary sentence. Keep w orking steadily, and even when time starts to run out, don’t speed up.46. We learn from the passage that test anxiety ________.A. affects a small number of peopleB. can lead to physical discomfortC. can have a negative effect on a person’s eyesightD. often affects those who are physically weak47. Dr Trimble often heard students say that _________.A. their mind failed to work when faced with a testB. they had difficulty focusing on the test itemsC. they could not think of a way to get rid of test anxietyD. they began panicking well ahead of a test48. In Trimble’s workshop the students learned_________.A. how to avoid being controlled by test anxietyB. that test anxiety is normal and would go away in timeC. certain mental exercises that would help them relaxD. how to concentrate on what they could do49. According to the passage, being completely relaxed before a test________ .A. helps a student to perform better in the testB. can also be harmful to a person’s performance in the testC. helps a student to cope with a challenging situation betterD. may be more harmful than getting too worried over tests50. The author suggests that before a test________ .A. you should avoid staying with a fellow student who suffers test anxietyB. you should no t think that you will be affected by your fellow student’s anxietyC. you should get together with other sufferers of test anxiety in order to feel betterD. you should eat a big meal and drink some coffee to keep yourself in high spiritsQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:"Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it's a girl."Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there aresome men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this reconciliation process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of fathers.It is argued by some writers that the change to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the change the wife must take to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation. On the other hand, the father's role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.51. From the passage, we learn that fatherhoodA. brings a feeling of excitement to most men.B. makes some men feel proud and others uneasy.C. has a different meaning for men who have daughters.D. means a responsibility that men accept unwillingly.52. What does the passage say about the shift from the role of husband to that of father?A. Numerous books have been written about it.B. Not enough attention has been paid to it.C. The shift is harder for men than for women.D. The shift is a difficult but incomplete one.53. The passage indicates thatA. mothers get more attention and recognition from society.B. mothers are innovative and demanding according to some writers.C. mothers generally stay at home to take care of the children.D. mothers should help fathers in their reconciliation process.54. Which of the following will the author most probably disagree with?A. It's as difficult to be a father as it is to be a mother.B. More books should focus on the role of fathers.C. The father is still the breadwinner in the household.D. Fathers are as important to children as mothers.55. The author's purpose in writing this passage is toA. explain why there are few books on the role of fathers.B. praise mothers for their great contributions to the home.C. criticize fathers for not taking enough responsibility in bringing up the children.D. complain about the lack of social programs to help fathers in their role shift.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Edward Lisson, the famous scientist, had been honored in the countries all over the world for his research into the working of the human brain, in particular the part played by memory. It is a curious fact, however, that he himself was extremely absent-minded. The following story was told about him.It seems that all his life Edward had wanted to become an expert fisherman, but owing to his work, he was unable to satisfy his desire completely until he retired. Accordingly on Sunday shortly after he retired, he set out, equipped with fishing rod and tackle, a straw basket and some suitable bait, and dressed in an oilskin, sou’wester and waders just in case. He was prepared to enjoy a day’s fishing, a subject about which he had read much and done little.He found a clear, running stream lined with pebbles, baited his hook, cast his line carefully and sit down to wait. It was a warm day, patchy with sunlight and scudding clouds - a fisherman’s day. The sunlight dan ced on the white stones on the river bed, the river chattered merrily and Edward, patient and content, sat waiting for a bit. He sat so long in fact that after a while he could scarcely remember why he had come.Presently there was a little flurry in the water and then a flash of silver as a salmon leaped.56. We have learned from the passage that ________.A. Edward had never liked fishingB. Edward never became an expert fisherman until he retiredC. Edward didn’t stop fishing until he retiredD. Edward took up fishing when he retired57. Edward dressed in complete protection because ________.A. he knew it’s going to rainB. he wanted to prepare for something unexpectedC. he was absent-mindedD. he read books on the subject58. What was the river like according to the passage?A. It ran swiftly over stones.B. It was small and clean.C. It ran slowly and quietly.D. It ran in a zigzag way over the stones.59. Edward sat by the river for a long time, and he ________.A. was so focused as to forget everything around him.B. failed to cast his lineC. eventually remembered why he wasD. forgot what he was doing for a while60. What first caught Edward’s attention?A. A talking fish.B. A stir in the water.C. A silver flash.D. A salmon.Part III Writing (30 points)Directions: Based on the information given below, please write an essay of about 600 words on the Answer Sheet. You have 60 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay.Some people think that in this modern world people are getting dependent of each other. Others think the modern world gets people more independent of each other. Discuss both views and give your own opinions.。