国际经济学习题集新

国际经济学,选择题集（含答案）ContentsChapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model 2 Chapter 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution 13 Chapter 5 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model 22 Chapter 6 The Standard Trade Model 31 Chapter 7 Economies of Scale, imperfect Competition, and International Trade 41 Chapter 8 International Factor Movements 50 Chapter 9 The Instruments of Trade Policy 60Chapter 3: Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage - The Ricardian ModelMultiple Choice Questions1.Countries trade with each other because they are _______ and because of______.A. different, costsB. similar, scale economiesC. different, scale economiesD. similar, costsE.None of the above.2.Trade between two countries can benefit both countries ifA.each country exports that good in which it has a comparative advantage.B.each country enjoys superior terms of trade.C.each country has a more elastic demand for the imported goods.D.each country has a more elastic supply for the supplied goods.E.Both C and D.3.The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage states that a country has acomparative advantage in widgets ifA.output per worker of widgets is higher in that country.B.that country's exchange rate is low.C.wage rates in that country are high.D.the output per worker of widgets as compared to the output of some otherproduct is higher in that country.E.Both B and C.4.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in theproduction of one particular product we need information on at least ____unitlabor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeE.five5. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA.is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B.is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it coulddomestically.D.is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E.None of the above.6.Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 10 20Foreign 60 30A.Neither country has a comparative advantage.B.Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.C.Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.D.Home has a comparative advantage in widgets.E.Home has a comparative advantage in both products.7.If it is ascertained that Foreign uses prison-slave labor to produce its exports, then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.8.If the Home economy suffered a meltdown, and the Unit Labor Requirements in each of the products quadrupled (that is, doubled to 30 for cloth and 60 for widgets) then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.9.If wages were to double in Home, then Home should:B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.10.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 4 Cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative advantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.11.Given the following information:Number of Units Produced by one Unit of LaborCloth WidgetsHome 10 20Foreign 60 30A.Neither country has a comparative advantage.B.Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.C.Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.D.Foreign has a comparative advantage in widgets.E.Home has a comparative advantage in both products.12.The opportunity cost of cloth in terms of widgets in Foreign is if it is ascertained that Foreign uses prison-slave labor to produce its exports, then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.13.If wages were to double in Home ,then Home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.14.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 4 Cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparativeadvantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.15.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 40 cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparativeadvantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.16. In a two product two country world, international trade can lead to increases inA.consumer welfare only if output of both products is increased.B.output of both products and consumer welfare in both countries.C.total production of both products but not consumer welfare in bothcountriesD.consumer welfare in both countries but not total production of bothproducts.E.None of the above.17.As a result of trade, specialization in the Ricardian model tends to be/doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html plete with constant costs and with increasing costs./doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html plete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs.C.incomplete with constant costs and complete with increasing costs.D.incomplete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs.E.None of the above.18. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find itsconsumption bundleA.inside its production possibilities frontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.D.inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.19.In the Ricardian model, if a country's trade is restricted, this will cause all except which?A.Limit specialization and the division of labor.B.Reduce the volume of trade and the gains from tradeC.Cause nations to produce inside their production possibilities curvesD.May result in a country producing some of the product of its comparative disadvantageE.None of the above.20.If a very small country trades with a very large country according to the Ricardian model, thenA.the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains from trade.E.None of the above.21.If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.22.If the world terms of trade equal those of country F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.23. If the world terms of trade equal those of country ,F thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.24.If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin), then production occurs under conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.25.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.26.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.27.The earliest statement of the principle of comparative advantage is associated withA.David Hume.B.David Ricardo.C.Adam Smith.D.Eli Heckscher.E.Bertil Ohlin.28. If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wage exceeding the relative productivity ratios), then if they both use the same currencyA.neither country has a comparative advantage.B.only the low wage country has a comparative advantage.C.only the high wage country has a comparative advantage.D.consumers will still find trade worth while from their perspective.29.If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wageexceeding the relative productivity ratios), thenA.it is not possible that producers in each will find export marketsprofitable.B.it is not possible that consumers in both countries will enhance theirrespective welfares through imports.C.it is not possible that both countries will find gains from trade.D.it is possible that both will enjoy the conventional gains from trade.E.None of the above.30.The Ricardian model is based on all of the following exceptA.only two nations and two products.B. no diminishing returns./doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor is the only factor of production.D.product quality varies among nations.E.None of the above.31. Ricardo's original theory of comparative advantage seemed of limited real-world value because it was founded on the/doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor theory of value.B. capital theory of value.C. land theory of value.D. entrepreneur theory of value.E.None of the above.32.According to Ricardo, a country will have a comparative advantage in theproduct in which its/doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor productivity is relatively low. /doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor productivity is relatively high. /doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor mobility is relatively low. /doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor mobility is relatively high.E.None of the above.33.In a two-country, two-product world, the statement "Germany enjoys acomparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships" is equivalent toA.France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B.France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany inautos and ships.D.France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E.None of the above.34.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the UnitedStates equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Productioncosts would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units perhour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.35.If the United States’ production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis,whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA.the United States has no comparative advantageB.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.E.None of the above.36.Suppose the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to thewidget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis. We now learn that the German mark is sharply depreciated against the U.S. dollar. We now knowthatA.the United States has no comparative advantageB.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the United States has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.E.None of the above.37.Suppose the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to thewidget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis. We now learn that the German wage doubles, but U.S. wages do not change at all. We now knowthatA.the United States has no comparative advantage.B.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the United States has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.Essay Questions1.Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have very low labor productivities inmany sectors, in manufacturing and agriculture. They often despair of eventrying to attempt to build their industries unless it is done in an autarkic context,behind protectionist walls because they do not believe they can compete withmore productive industries abroad. Discuss this issue in the context of theRicardian model of comparative advantage.2.In 1975, wage levels in South Korea were roughly 5% of those in the UnitedStates. It is obvious that if the United States had allowed Korean goods to befreely imported into the United States at that time, this would have causeddevastation to the standard of living in the United States.,because no producer in this country could possibly compete with such low wages. Discuss this assertion in the context of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage.3.The evidence cited in the chapter using the examples of the East Asia NewIndustrializing Countries suggests that as international productivities converge,so do international wage levels. Why do you suppose this happened for the EastAsian NICs? In light of your answer, what do you think is likely to happen tothe relative wages (relative to those in the United States) of China in the comingdecade? Explain your reasoning.4.When we examine the 2 Good 2 Country version of the Ricardian model ofcomparative advantage, we note that comparative advantage is totallydetermined by physical productivity ratios. Changes in wage rates in eithercountry cannot affect these physically determined comparative advantages, andhence cannot affect, which product will be exported by which country. However, when more than 2 goods are added to the model (still with 2 countries), changesin wage rates in one or the other country can in fact determine which good orgoods each of the countries will export. How can you explain this anomaly?5.An examination of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage yields theclear result that trade is (potentially) beneficial for each of the two tradingpartners since it allows for an expanded consumption choice for each. However, for the world as a whole the expansion of production of one product mustinvolve a decrease in the availability of the other, so that it is not clear that tradeis better for the world as a whole as compared to an initial situation of non-trade(but efficient production in each country). Are there in fact gains from trade forthe world as a whole? Explain.Quantitative/Graphing ProblemsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30What is the opportunity cost of Cloth in terms of Widgets in Foreign?2. Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods in the context of the Ricardianmodel of comparative advantage, then what is the lower limit of the wo rldequilibrium price of widgets?3. Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods with each other in according to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, what is the lower limit for the price of cloth?4. Given the following information:Units Produced by One Worker/HourCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30What is the opportunity cost of cloth in terms of Wwdgets in Foreign?5. Given the following information:Cloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods with each other in the following the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, then what is the lower limit for theworld equilibrium price of cloth?1. Home has 1200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, apples and bananas. The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is2.c. In the absence of trade, what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be? Why?2. Home is as described in problem 1. There is now also another country, Foreign, with a labor force of 800. Foreign's unit labor requirement in apple production is 5, while in banana prod uction it is 1.a. Graph Foreign's production possibility frontier.b. Construct the world relative supply curve.3. Now suppose world relative demand takes the following form: Demand for apples / demand for bananas = price of bananas / price of applesa. Graph the relative demand curve along with the relative supply curve.b. What is the equilibrium relative price of apples?c. Describe the pattern of trade.d. Show that both Home and Foreign gain from trade.4. Suppose that instead of 1200 workers, Ho me had 2400. Find the equilibrium relative price. What can you say about the efficiency of world production and the division of the gains from trade between Home and Foreign in this case?5. Suppose that Home has 2400 workers, but they are only half as productive in both industries as we have been assuming. Construct the world relative supply curve and determine the equilibrium relative price. How do the gains from trade compare with those in the case described in problem 4?6. “ Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” Discuss.7. 请对下列观点加以评价：（1）只有当⼀个国家的⽣产率达到⾜以在国际竞争中⽴⾜的⽔平时，它才能从⾃由贸易中获益；（2）如果来⾃外国的竞争是建⽴在低⼯资的基础上，那么这种竞争是不公平的，⽽且会损害其他参与竞争的国家；（3）如果⼀个国家的⼯⼈⽐其他国家⼯⼈的⼯资低，那么贸易就会使这个国家受到剥削并使福利恶化。

第1章绪论重点问题:国际经济学的产生、发展、对象及其其他经济学科的关系单选1．国际经济学分析的最基本的出发点是（B）A经济增长 B经济自然增长 C制度创新的经济增长 D经济发展2．经济发展是（D）A经济结构的变革 B社会和政治体制的变革 C经济自然增长 D制度创新的经济增长3．国际经济最基本的出发点是（B ）A社会分工 B国际分工 C产业内分工 D产业之间的分工和合作4．国际经济交往的主要方式是（A）A生产要跨国界流动 B国际分工 C商品跨国界流通 D开放经济第2章古典国际贸易理论重点问题：绝对利益说的基本内容及其评价比较利益说的基本内容及其评价单选1．在斯密的绝对优势贸易理论中，(C)。

A所有产品均具有绝对优势的国家最终将获得全部黄金和白银B具有绝对优势的国家将获得大量贸易余额C如果两个国家分别出口本国劳动成本相对较低的产品，将同时从贸易中获益D如果一国不用关税壁垒保护本国产业，将丧失绝对优势2．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，(B)。

A贸易导致不完全专业化B即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益C与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多D只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额3．如果一个阿根廷工人能生产3蒲式耳小麦或1辆汽车，而一个巴西工人能生产4蒲式耳小麦或2辆汽车，则(D)。

A巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷没有比较优势B阿根廷在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而巴西没有比较优势C巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷在汽车生产上具有比较优势D巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷在小麦生产上具有比较优势4．根据比较优势原理的政策经验，一国从国际贸易中获益的条件是(B)。

A制造大量出口顺差 B以较低的机会成本进口商品而不是在国内生产C本国比贸易伙伴强大 D本国相对于贸易伙伴具备绝对效率优势5.比较利益理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是( A )A.劳动生产率的差异B.技术水平的差异C.产品品质的差异D.价格的差异6.在比较利益模型中，两种参与贸易商品的国际比价( C )A.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之上B.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之下C.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之间D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的国内比价相同简答：1．请从国际贸易实际出发评价绝对利益说 P20斯密的绝对利益学说揭示了在自由市场经济条件下，国际贸易产生的原因在于两国之间劳动生产率的绝对差异，按照绝对利益学说的原则进行国际分工，贸易的参与者与整个世界会因此而获得利益。

国际经济学试题及答案（题库）国际经济学习题集及参考答案一、填空、选择、判断题（每题1分）：第一章：1、国际贸易理论以微观经济学原理为基础，讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。

2、最常用国际贸易模型的结构形式为两个国家、两种产品（或部门）和两种要素。

3、在完竞争的假设前提下，封闭条件下的相对价格是国际贸易产生的基础。

4、国家间的供给、需求方面的差异是造成相对价格的根源。

5、贸易后，国际均衡价格由两国的供需共同决定，国际均衡价格处于两国封闭下的相对价格之间。

6、国际贸易利益包括两个部分：来自交换的利益和来自专业化的利益。

7、贸易理论主要围绕三个问题展开：国际贸易的格局、国际贸易的条件、国际贸易的收益。

第二章：1、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；李嘉图的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。

2、哈伯勒首先用机会成本概念来阐明比较优势论。

3、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

4、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

5、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；劳动生产率的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。

6、在李嘉图模型中，生产可能性边界线方程是一个线性方程式，表示A、B两国的PPF曲线是一条直线段。

7、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

8、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

9、机会成本概念表明：彼种选择的机会成本就构成此种选择的机会成本。

选择题：1、首先用机会成本理论来解释比较优势原理的学者是： C、A、李嘉图B、罗布津斯基C、哈伯勒D、穆勒第三章：1、要素禀赋理论最初是由赫克歇尔和俄林提出的，后经萨缪尔森等人加工不断完善。

Word格式《国际经济学》习题集商务学院《国际经济学》课程组448 打印店有售绪论一、单项选择题1、国际经济学是以（）为其研究对象的。

A. 国际贸易B. 国际经济关系C. 国际金融D. 贸易政策2、国际经济学的国际贸易部分又分为（）两大部分。

A. 宏观与微观B. 实物面与货币面C. 理论与政策D. 开放与封闭3、在封闭条件下，一个经济社会生产均衡的条件是（）。

A.MRT = P X/PYB.MRS = P X/PYC.XC=XP，YC=YPD.P X（XC-XP）= PY（Y P-YC）4、在开放条件下，一个经济社会贸易均衡的条件是（）。

A.MRT = P X/PYB.MRS = P X/PYC.XC=XP，YC=YPD.P X（XC-XP）= P Y（YP-Y C）二、多项选择题1、国际经济学的研究内容包括（）两部分。

A. 宏观与微观B. 实物面与货币面C. 理论与政策D. 开放与封闭E. 国际贸易与国际金融2、在封闭条件下，一个经济社会均衡的条件是（）。

A.MRT = P X/PYB.MRS = P X/PYC.X C=XP，YC=YPD.PX（XC-XP）= PY（YP-Y C）E.P X=PY3、在开放条件下，一个经济社会均衡的条件是（）。

A.MRT = P X/PYB.MRS = P X/PYC.X C=XP，YC=YPD.PX（XC-XP）= PY（YP-YC）E.P X=PY三、名词解释生产可能性边界无差异曲线机会成本边际替代率边际转换率四、判断改错1、在开放经济条件下，只有市场出清才能实现开放的均衡。

（）2、国际经济学研究的主要内容是在国际格局下西方经济学研究的资源流动和管理机制问题。

（）3、在机会成本递增的条件下，生产可能性边界是一条直线。

（）五、简答题1、简述国际经济学的研究对象。

2、简述国际经济学的主要研究内容。

3、简述国际经济学与西方经济学的关系。

六、图形题1、作图说明封闭均衡的条件。

ContentsChapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model 2 Chapter 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution 13 Chapter 5 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model 22 Chapter 6 The Standard Trade Model 31 Chapter 7 Economies of Scale, imperfect Competition, and International Trade 41 Chapter 8 International Factor Movements 50 Chapter 9 The Instruments of Trade Policy 60Chapter 3: Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage - The Ricardian ModelMultiple Choice Questions1.Countries trade with each other because they are _______ and because of______.A. different, costsB. similar, scale economiesC. different, scale economiesD. similar, costsE.None of the above.2.Trade between two countries can benefit both countries ifA.each country exports that good in which it has a comparative advantage.B.each country enjoys superior terms of trade.C.each country has a more elastic demand for the imported goods.D.each country has a more elastic supply for the supplied goods.E.Both C and D.3.The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage states that a country has acomparative advantage in widgets ifA.output per worker of widgets is higher in that country.B.that country's exchange rate is low.C.wage rates in that country are high.D.the output per worker of widgets as compared to the output of some otherproduct is higher in that country.E.Both B and C.4.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in theproduction of one particular product we need information on at least ____unitlabor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeD.fourE.five5. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparativeadvantage gains from trade because itA.is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B.is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it coulddomestically.D.is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E.None of the above.6.Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 10 20Foreign 60 30A.Neither country has a comparative advantage.B.Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.C.Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.D.Home has a comparative advantage in widgets.E.Home has a comparative advantage in both products.7.If it is ascertained that Foreign uses prison-slave labor to produce its exports,then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.8.If the Home economy suffered a meltdown, and the Unit Labor Requirements ineach of the products quadrupled (that is, doubled to 30 for cloth and 60 forwidgets) then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.9.If wages were to double in Home, then Home should:A.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.10.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 4 Cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparativeadvantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.11.Given the following information:Number of Units Produced by one Unit of LaborCloth WidgetsHome 10 20Foreign 60 30A.Neither country has a comparative advantage.B.Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.C.Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.D.Foreign has a comparative advantage in widgets.E.Home has a comparative advantage in both products.12.The opportunity cost of cloth in terms of widgets in Foreign is if it is ascertainedthat Foreign uses prison-slave labor to produce its exports, then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.13.If wages were to double in Home ,then Home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.14.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 4 Cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparativeadvantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.15.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 40 cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparativeadvantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.16. In a two product two country world, international trade can lead to increases inA.consumer welfare only if output of both products is increased.B.output of both products and consumer welfare in both countries.C.total production of both products but not consumer welfare in bothcountriesD.consumer welfare in both countries but not total production of bothproducts.E.None of the above.17.As a result of trade, specialization in the Ricardian model tends to beplete with constant costs and with increasing costs.plete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs.C.incomplete with constant costs and complete with increasing costs.D.incomplete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs.E.None of the above.18. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find itsconsumption bundleA.inside its production possibilities frontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.C.outside its production possibilities frontier.D.inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.19.In the Ricardian model, if a country's trade is restricted, this will cause all exceptwhich?A.Limit specialization and the division of labor.B.Reduce the volume of trade and the gains from tradeC.Cause nations to produce inside their production possibilities curvesD.May result in a country producing some of the product of its comparativedisadvantageE.None of the above.20.If a very small country trades with a very large country according to theRicardian model, thenA.the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains from trade.E.None of the above.21.If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domesticcost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.22.If the world terms of trade equal those of country F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.23. If the world terms of trade equal those of country ,F thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.24.If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin), thenproduction occurs under conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.25.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then tradebetween them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.26.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then tradebetween them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.27.The earliest statement of the principle of comparative advantage is associatedwithA.David Hume.B.David Ricardo.C.Adam Smith.D.Eli Heckscher.E.Bertil Ohlin.28. If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wageexceeding the relative productivity ratios), then if they both use the samecurrencyA.neither country has a comparative advantage.B.only the low wage country has a comparative advantage.C.only the high wage country has a comparative advantage.D.consumers will still find trade worth while from their perspective.E. None of the above.29.If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wageexceeding the relative productivity ratios), thenA.it is not possible that producers in each will find export marketsprofitable.B.it is not possible that consumers in both countries will enhance theirrespective welfares through imports.C.it is not possible that both countries will find gains from trade.D.it is possible that both will enjoy the conventional gains from trade.E.None of the above.30.The Ricardian model is based on all of the following exceptA.only two nations and two products.B. no diminishing returns.bor is the only factor of production.D.product quality varies among nations.E.None of the above.31. Ricardo's original theory of comparative advantage seemed of limited real-world value because it was founded on thebor theory of value.B. capital theory of value.C. land theory of value.D. entrepreneur theory of value.E.None of the above.32.According to Ricardo, a country will have a comparative advantage in theproduct in which itsbor productivity is relatively low.bor productivity is relatively high.bor mobility is relatively low.bor mobility is relatively high.E.None of the above.33.In a two-country, two-product world, the statement "Germany enjoys acomparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships" is equivalent toA.France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B.France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany inautos and ships.C.Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D.France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E.None of the above.34.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the UnitedStates equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Productioncosts would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units perhour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.35.If the United States’ production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis,whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA.the United States has no comparative advantageB.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.E.None of the above.36.Suppose the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to thewidget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis. We now learn that the German mark is sharply depreciated against the U.S. dollar. We now knowthatA.the United States has no comparative advantageB.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the United States has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.E.None of the above.37.Suppose the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to thewidget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis. We now learn that the German wage doubles, but U.S. wages do not change at all. We now knowthatA.the United States has no comparative advantage.B.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the United States has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.E.None of the above.Essay Questions1.Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have very low labor productivities inmany sectors, in manufacturing and agriculture. They often despair of eventrying to attempt to build their industries unless it is done in an autarkic context,behind protectionist walls because they do not believe they can compete withmore productive industries abroad. Discuss this issue in the context of theRicardian model of comparative advantage.2.In 1975, wage levels in South Korea were roughly 5% of those in the UnitedStates. It is obvious that if the United States had allowed Korean goods to befreely imported into the United States at that time, this would have causeddevastation to the standard of living in the United States.,because no producer in this country could possibly compete with such low wages. Discuss this assertion in the context of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage.3.The evidence cited in the chapter using the examples of the East Asia NewIndustrializing Countries suggests that as international productivities converge,so do international wage levels. Why do you suppose this happened for the East Asian NICs? In light of your answer, what do you think is likely to happen tothe relative wages (relative to those in the United States) of China in the coming decade? Explain your reasoning.4.When we examine the 2 Good 2 Country version of the Ricardian model ofcomparative advantage, we note that comparative advantage is totallydetermined by physical productivity ratios. Changes in wage rates in eithercountry cannot affect these physically determined comparative advantages, andhence cannot affect, which product will be exported by which country. However, when more than 2 goods are added to the model (still with 2 countries), changesin wage rates in one or the other country can in fact determine which good orgoods each of the countries will export. How can you explain this anomaly?5.An examination of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage yields theclear result that trade is (potentially) beneficial for each of the two tradingpartners since it allows for an expanded consumption choice for each. However, for the world as a whole the expansion of production of one product mustinvolve a decrease in the availability of the other, so that it is not clear that tradeis better for the world as a whole as compared to an initial situation of non-trade(but efficient production in each country). Are there in fact gains from trade forthe world as a whole? Explain.Quantitative/Graphing Problems1. Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30What is the opportunity cost of Cloth in terms of Widgets in Foreign?2. Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods in the context of the Ricardianmodel of comparative advantage, then what is the lower limit of the worldequilibrium price of widgets?3. Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods with each other in according to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, what is the lower limit for the price of cloth?4. Given the following information:Units Produced by One Worker/HourCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30What is the opportunity cost of cloth in terms of Wwdgets in Foreign?5. Given the following information:Units Produced by One Worker/HourCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods with each other in the following the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, then what is the lower limit for the world equilibrium price of cloth?1. Home has 1200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, apples and bananas. The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is2.a. Graph Home's production possibility frontier.b. What is the opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas?c. In the absence of trade, what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be? Why?2. Home is as described in problem 1. There is now also another country, Foreign, with a labor force of 800. Foreign's unit labor requirement in apple production is 5, while in banana production it is 1.a. Graph Foreign's production possibility frontier.b. Construct the world relative supply curve.3. Now suppose world relative demand takes the following form: Demand for apples / demand for bananas = price of bananas / price of applesa. Graph the relative demand curve along with the relative supply curve.b. What is the equilibrium relative price of apples?c. Describe the pattern of trade.d. Show that both Home and Foreign gain from trade.4. Suppose that instead of 1200 workers, Home had 2400. Find the equilibrium relative price. What can you say about the efficiency of world production and the division of the gains from trade between Home and Foreign in this case?5. Suppose that Home has 2400 workers, but they are only half as productive in both industries as we have been assuming. Construct the world relative supply curve and determine the equilibrium relative price. How do the gains from trade compare with those in the case described in problem 4?6. “ Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” Discuss.7. 请对下列观点加以评价：（1）只有当一个国家的生产率达到足以在国际竞争中立足的水平时，它才能从自由贸易中获益；（2）如果来自外国的竞争是建立在低工资的基础上，那么这种竞争是不公平的，而且会损害其他参与竞争的国家；（3）如果一个国家的工人比其他国家工人的工资低，那么贸易就会使这个国家受到剥削并使福利恶化。

国际经济学练习题及其答案《国际经济学》习题---11级财税、网络班经济学院李松涛编写2021年4月班级：姓名：学号：一、单选题1、机会成本()a、自己支付，与他人无关b、对劳务而言是零，因为劳务不会持续太久；对物品而言是正，因为物品具有长久性c、这是为某个选择而放弃的最高评价的选择。

D.它是为了某个选择而放弃的所有选择2、如果两个人在商品的生产中具有不同的机会成本，那么他们能够从专业化与交换中()a、 B.一人受益，一人受损C.既没有受益，也没有受损D.都可以受益3。

当沿着凸生产可能性边界线向下移动时，随着产品产量的增加，生产产品的机会成本将增加（）a、保持不变b、增加c、减少d、无法确定4.一个国家（）能够在其生产可能性边界线之外的点消费。

a、没有任何时候b、在充分就业的情况下c、 D.当所有生产要素投入生产时5、供给曲线除了表示不同的价格水平下所提供的商品最大数量外，还可以被认为是()a、愿意并有能力支付曲线B、边际收入曲线C、最高供给价格曲线D、最低供给价格曲线6、在封闭条件下，一国生产技术的改进降低了棉花的生产成本，那么棉花的价格()，棉花的生产数量()。

a、上升；增加B，增加；C.减少；增加和减少；7.对于两国之间的贸易模式，国际均衡价格必须先于两国之间的贸易（）a、最低相对价格水平之下b、最高相对价格水平之上c、相对价格水平之间d、根据具体情况而定8.“两个优势是最重要的，两个劣势是最少的”是对比较利益理论的高度概括，该理论源自经典济学家（）提出的。

a、亚当·斯密B、赫歇尔和奥林C、大卫·里卡多D、大卫·休谟9和他提出的国际分工理论是（）。

a、绝对成本理论b、比较成本理论c、要素禀赋理论d、保护贸易理论10、在资本主义生产方式准备时期，()学说占主导地位。

a、重商主义B，自由贸易C，保护幼稚产业D，超级保护贸易11。

产业内贸易更有可能发生在（）。

a、富国和穷国之间。

国际经济学习题集一、选择题1.AC．美国的布匹生产有绝对优势D．美国的布匹生产有相对优势2. 按照产品生命周期理论，新产品时期的产品通常是（）产品。

A．劳力密集型B．土地密集型C．资本密集型D．技术密集型3 当某个产品的进口大国减少进口量时，其贸易条件将会（）。

A．改善B．恶化C．不变D．变化不定4. 一国的本币升值，其出口将会（）。

A．增加B．减少C．不变D．变化不定5. 根据赫俄理论，一国应该出口（）产品。

A．丰裕要素密集型B．比较优势C．绝对优势D．稀缺要素密集型6. “贫困化增长”的一个必要条件为：（）A．国家的增长偏向于出口产业。

B．外国对该国的出口需求具有价格弹性。

C．国家的消费偏好高度偏向于出口商品。

D．贸易在国民经济中比重不大。

7、从国际贸易对生产要素收入分配的短期影响来看，自由贸易会导致（）A．生产进口竞争品部门使用的专门生产要素收入水平提高B．生产进口竞争品部门使用的共同生产要素收入水平下降C．生产出口品部门使用的共同生产要素收入水平提高D．生产出口品部门使用的专门生产要素收入水平提高8、在商品的国际比价保持不变的情况下，偏向出口的生产要素增长会（）A．扩大出口品生产规模 B．扩大进口品生产规模C．使贸易规模保持不变 D．使贸易规模缩减9、不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（）A．重叠需求理论 B．规模经济理论C．要素禀赋理论 D．相互倾销理论10、成员国间实行自由贸易优惠协定并统一外部关税，但成员国间要素尚未实现自由流动的是（）A. 自由贸易区B. 关税同盟C. 共同市场D. 经济联盟11、通常与进口替代战略相配合的政策措施包括（）A．降低关税壁垒 B．高估本币价值C．放松外汇管制 D．减少非关税壁垒12、征收进口关税对于进口国来说（）A．不利于与进口产品相竞争的生产者B．使国内同类产品的生产减少C．有利于与进口产品相竞争的生产者D．使生产者剩余减少13、下列不属于绝对技术差异论与相对技术差异论共同的假设条件的是（）A．生产要素在一国范围内各部门间可以自由流动B．生产要素都被充分利用C．生产要素在各国之间自由流动D．生产要素流动时机会成本不变14、国际贸易使得价格上升部门所密集使用要素的实际收入提高，价格下降部门密集使用要素的实际收入下降，这是（）A．赫克歇尔－俄林定理（Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem）B．罗伯津斯基定理（Rybczynski Theorem）C．斯托尔珀－萨谬尔森定理（Stolper-Samuelson Theorem）D．赫克歇尔－俄林－萨谬尔森定理（Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Theorem）15. 根据重叠需求理论，两国的人均国民收入水平差距越大，则（）A. 其需求的档次越接近B. 其贸易的基础越雄厚C. 其贸易的可能性越小D. 其需求重叠的部分越大16. 如果一个贸易小国发生进口偏向型要素增长，则（）A. 其出口数量增加，进口数量减少B. 其出口数量增加，进口数量增加C. 其出口数量减少，进口数量增加D. 其出口数量减少，进口数量减少17. 其他条件不变，贸易大国征收关税，将导致（）A. 世界价格提高B. 世界价格降低C. 该国的社会福利水平提高D. 该国的社会福利水平降低18. 对于贸易小国而言，实施出口补贴将导致其的是：( )A. 本国生产者福利受损B. 本国消费者福利受损C. 外国消费者福利受损D. 世界市场价格下降19. 下列那种理论无法解释产业内贸易（）A. 特定要素理论B. 重叠需求理论C. 相互倾销理论D. 寡头垄断市场下的贸易理论20. 当贸易伙伴的提供曲线缺乏弹性时，该国经济增长将导致( )A. 贸易条件改善B. 出口减少C. 进口增加D. 进口减少21. 下列不属于产生外部规模经济的原因的是（）A. 生产设备的专业化B. 共同的要素市场C. 产业集聚产生的技术外溢D. 管理费用的节约22. 国际贸易中理论模型中得贸易小国假设与贸易大国的区别在于：（）A. GDP的值B. 人口和地域的大小C. 贸易额的大小D. 该国经济变量变化对世界变量是否具有影响23. 根据相对购买力平价理论，对于一个小国经济，其他条件不变，本国名义利率提高将导致本国货币（）A. 贬值B. 升值C. 汇率不变D. 不确定24. 根据利率平价理论，对于一个小国经济，其他条件不变，本国名义利率提高将导致本国货币（）A. 贬值B. 升值C. 汇率不变D. 不确定25.如果A国可用1个工时生产3单位的X产品或3单位的Y产品，B国可用1个工时生产1单位的X产品或1单位的Y产品，假定劳动是唯一的投入，那么：（）A．A国在两种商品的生产上均具有绝对优势。

《国际经济学》练习题一、名词解释一是价格法；购买力平价；国际收支差额绝对优势原则；莱昂蒂夫之谜；比较优势原则；有效税率；贸易乘数；马歇尔-勒纳条件；重商主义理论；社会冷漠曲线；要素价格均衡理论；需求偏好相似理论；关税；比较优势理论；边际替代率；罗伯特津斯基定理；有效关税保护率；关税配额；机会成本；边际转化率；特定元素模型；技术差距模型；一般优惠制度；生产可能性曲线；孤立平衡；要素禀赋理论；产业内贸易；最惠国待遇；斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森定理；具体要素；产品生命周期理论；反补贴税；规模经济；消费者剩余；进口配额制度；长/短；交换心理学理论；卖空/卖空；汇率自主交易；贸易创造结果；看涨期权；做市商；经常账户余额；共同市场；赫克歇尔·奥林的要素禀赋理论；贸易条件；贸易顺差；李嘉图的比较成本理论；亚当·斯密的国际分工理论——绝对优势理论；自由贸易政策；外汇汇率；列昂蒂夫的反理论；重商主义（资本主义生产方式的准备期，15-18世纪）；固定利率复式簿记；“自动”出口限制；套汇亚当·斯密的国际分工理论——绝对优势理论；国际收支差额进口许可证制度；环保贸易壁垒（绿色贸易壁垒）；外汇；生产者剩余；自由贸易区；有效保护率；歧视性政府采购政策；比较优势理论；幼稚产业；绝对优势理论；技术性贸易壁垒。

二、单项选择题1.在史密斯的绝对优势贸易理论中（）a、所有产品均具有绝对优势的国家最终将获得全部黄金和白银。

b、具有绝对优势的国家将获得大量贸易余额。

c、如果两国出口劳动力成本相对较低的产品，它们将同时从贸易中受益。

D.如果一个国家不通过关税壁垒保护其产业，它将失去绝对优势。

2、如果一个阿根廷工人能生产3浦式耳小麦或1辆汽车，而一个巴西工人能生产4浦式耳小麦或2辆汽车，则能促进阿根廷和巴西双方贸易并各自受益的易货交换率是（）a、 1辆B车使用3个Pu型穗小麦，2辆C车使用4个Pu型穗小麦，2辆D车使用5个Pu型穗小麦，2辆3车使用3个Pu型穗小麦。

国际经济学练习题一、判断题1、当开放贸易时，所有消费者的境况都会得到改善。

2、根据简单贸易模型，在贸易发生之前，如果各国的某种商品价格相同，这些国家之间就不会有交换该种商品的动机。

3、如果一国中某生产者通过贸易能使自己的境况得到改善，那么，该国中所有的生产者都会通过贸易来改善自己的境况。

4、在两国间均衡贸易价格条件下，一国对某种商品的过度供给必然与另一国对该商品的过度需求相等。

5、不存在free lunch，但却存在free trade。

6、一国即便在某种商品的生产上具有绝对劣势，它也可以在该商品的生产上具有相对优势。

7、根据H—O理论，一国如果比他国拥有更多英亩的土地，该国便是“土地丰富”的国家。

8、在成本递增的条件下，各国并不一定要完全专业化于一种商品的生产。

9、H—O理论假设各国拥有相同的商品偏好。

10、我们或许可以通过更为细分化的生产要素定义而解决Leontief Paradox。

11、Stolper-Samuelson定理认为，贸易将使丰富要素的所有者得到更低的实际收入，同时使稀缺要素的所有者得到更高的实际收入。

12、如果各国的生产技术相同，贸易便不会使生产要素价格均等化。

13、一国的非技术性工人会比技术性工人更加反对贸易自由化。

14、大国可投资发展进口替代产业而不是出口产业，进而改善本国的贸易条件。

15、按照定义，小国的经济增长将不会使贸易条件发生变化。

16、青春期是一个贫困化增长的好例子。

17、一国生产要素的增长总会使该国更加自给自足，进而减少对国际贸易的依赖。

18、一个与外界隔绝的国家一定会降低其公民的生活水平。

19、产业内贸易在充分竞争性产业中更为盛行。

20、根据H—0理论，各国应进行大量的产业内贸易。

21、规模经济是指资源的平衡增长导致平均成本上升。

22、产业内贸易发生的原因包括产品差异化、规模经济以及收入分配效应。

23、如果瑞士旅行鞋的进口增加，英国皮鞋制造商就会受到损失。