2018届广东广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)(理综试题) 扫描版 无答案

2018届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）理科综合本试卷16 页，38小题，满分300分。

考试用时150分钟。

注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、市县/区、学校、班级、学生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。

2．作答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上把对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．第Ⅱ卷必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔或涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

相对原子质量：H 1； C 12 ；N 14 ；O 16 ；K 39；Cr 52；Fe 56第I卷一、选择题:本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．下列关于细胞结构与成分的叙述，正确的是A．细胞间的通讯都与细胞膜表面的糖蛋白有关B．核糖体是细胞内蛋白质的“装配机器”，主要由蛋白质和tRNA组成C．细胞核是遗传信息库，遗传信息的表达在细胞核中完成D．细胞骨架是由蛋白质纤维组成的网架结构，能保持细胞形态2．下列有关细胞的生命历程的叙述，错误的是A．细胞分裂能力随分化程度的提高而增强B．癌变细胞的形态结构会发生显著变化C．细胞凋亡有助于机体维持自身的相对稳定D．衰老的细胞，细胞新陈代谢的速率减慢3．下列与神经调节有关的叙述，正确的是A．人体细胞中只有神经元能产生兴奋，其他细胞不能B．细胞膜外Na＋的内流是神经元产生静息电位的主要原因C．神经递质通过主动运输的方式由突触前膜分泌到突触间隙D．位于脊髓的低级中枢可受脑中相应的高级中枢调控4．河北塞罕坝林场的建设者们在“黄沙遮天日，飞鸟无栖树”的荒漠沙地上艰苦奋斗、甘于奉献，创造了荒漠变林海的人间奇迹，是推动生态文明建设的一个生动范例，下列有关叙述错误的是A．在一定条件下，群落可按照不同于自然演替的方向和速度进行演替B．荒漠生态系统的组成成分是生产者、消费者和分解者C．最初阶段，随着森林覆盖率上升塞罕坝林场固定的太阳能逐渐增加D．森林对水土的保持作用体现了生物多样性的间接价值5．下列关于科学研究技术和方法的叙述，错误是A．分离真核细胞各种细胞器的常用方法是差速离心法B．同位素标记法可用于了解生物化学反应的详细过程C．沃森和克里制作的DNA模型反映了DNA分子结构的特征D．目测估计法是估算种群密度最常用的方法之一6．右图示某动物体内的两个细胞，乙细胞由甲细胞分裂形成。

2018届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）物 理二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14～18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19～21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．已知普朗克常量h =6.63×10-34J .s ，1eV=1.6×10-19J 。

在光电效应实验中，金属钯的逸出功为1.9eV ，要使钯表面发出的光电子的最大初动能为1.0eV ，入射光的频率约为A ．2.2×1014HzB ．4.6×1014HzC ．4.6×1015HzD ．7.0×1014Hz15．如图，某次空中投弹的军事演习中，战斗机以恒定速度沿水平方向飞行，先后释放两颗炸弹，分别击中山坡上的M 点和N 点。

释放两颗炸弹的时间间隔为∆t 1，击中M 、N 的时间间隔为∆t 2，不计空气阻力，则A ．∆t 2=0B ．∆t 2<∆t 1C ．∆t 2=∆t 1D ．∆t 2>∆t 116．如图，粗糙水平地面上放有一斜劈，小物块以一定初速度从斜劈底端沿斜面向上滑行，回到斜劈底端时的速度小于它上滑的初速度。

已知斜劈始终保持静止，则小物块A ．上滑所需时间与下滑所需时间相等B ．上滑时的加速度与下滑时的加速度相等C ．上滑和下滑过程，小物块机械能损失相等D ．上滑和下滑过程，斜劈受到地面的摩擦力方向相反17．如图，有两个等量异种点电荷置于正方体的两个顶点上，正点电荷置于a 点，负点电荷置于c 点，则A ．b 、d 、h 、f 点电势相等B ．e 、f 、g 、h 点电势相等C ．b d 连线中点的场强为零D ．b d 连线中点与f h 连线中点的场强相同18．如图，理想变压器原、副线圈的匝数比为2∶1，原线圈一侧接一输出电压恒为U 1的正弦交流电源，电阻R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4的阻值相等。

秘密 ★ 启用前试卷类型： A2018 年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）理科数学2018． 3本试卷共 5 页， 23 小题， 满分 150 分。

考试用时 120 分钟。

注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，用2B 铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号，并将试卷类型（A ）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题：本题共12 小题，每小题 5 分，共 60 分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1满足 z 1 i24i，则复数 z的共轭复数 z A．设复数 zA ． 2B ． 2C ． 2iD ． 2i2．设集合 Axx30 ， Bx x ≤ 3 ，则集合 x x ≥1 Dx1A ． A I BB ． A U B开始C ． 痧R A U R BD ． 痧R AIRBn 2, S 03．若 A ， B ， C ， D ， E 五位同学站成一排照相，则A ，B 两位同学不相邻的概率为 B4 32D ．A ．B ．C ．555 4．执行如图所示的程序框图，则输出的S D94 2D ．A ．B ．C ．20995．已知 sin x3，则 cos xD454A ．4B ．3C ．4 D ．11S S+25n n9 n n240否n ≥19?是3输出 S5 555结束6．已知二项式 2x21xAn 的所有二项式系数之和等于 128，那么其展开式中含1项的系数是xA ．84B ．14 C ． 14 D ． 847．如图，网格纸上小正方形的边长为1，粗线画出的是某个几何体的三视图，则该几何体的表面积为 CA ． 4 4 2 2 3B ． 14 4 2C ． 10 42 2 3D ．4yxy 2≥0,z x2x y8满足约束条件 2 y 1 0,则 2 2的最小值为D．若 x ，≥x 1≤0,A ．11C ． 1D ．3B ．24249．已知函数 f xsinx60 在区间4 ， 上单调递增，则 的取值范围为3BA ． 0,8B ． 0,1C ． 1 ,8D ． 3, 2322 3810．已知函数f xx 3 ax 2bx a 2 在 x 1 处的极值为 10，则数对 a, b 为 CA ．3,3B ．11,4C ． 4,11D ．3,3 或 4, 1111．如图，在梯形ABCD 中，已知 ABuuur2 uuur2 CD ， AEAC ，双曲线5DEC过 C ， D ， E 三点，且以 A ， B 为焦点，则双曲线的离心率为 AA ． 7B ． 2 2ABC ． 3D ． 1012．设函数 f x在 R 上存在导函数 f x，对于任意的实数x ，都有 f xf x2x 2 ，当 x 0 时， f x 1 2x ，若 f a 1 ≤f a 2a 1，则实数 a 的最小值为 A1B ．1C．3D．2A ．22二、填空：本共 4 小，每小 5 分，共 20分．13．已知向量a m,2 ， b1,1，若 a b a b ，数m2．14 ．已知三棱P ABC 的底面 ABC 是等腰三角形， AB⊥AC ， PA⊥底面 ABC ，PA AB1，个三棱内切球的半径33．615．△ABC的内角A，B，C的分a，b，c，若2a cosB2b cos A c 0 ，cos 的1．216．我国南宋数学家所著的《解九章算》中，用①的三角形形象地表示了二式系数律，俗称“ 三角形”．将三角形中的奇数成1，偶数成 0 ，得到②所示的由数字 0 和 1 成的三角形数表，由上往下数，第 n 行各数字的和S n，如S11，S2 2 ， S3 2 ， S4 4 ，⋯⋯，S12664．图①图②三、解答：共70 分．解答写出文字明、明程或演算步．第17～21必考，每个考生都必做答．第22、 23 考，考生根据要求做答．（一）必考：共60 分．17．（本小分12 分）已知数列n的前 n 和S n，数列Sn是首1，公差 2 的等差数列．a n （1）求数列a n的通公式；a 1 a 2a nn（2）设数列b5 4n 51 b 的前 n 项和 T n ．满足L，求数列nb 1 b 2b n2n18．（本小题满分 12 分）某地 1~10 岁男童年龄x i（岁）与身高的中位数y i cm i1,2, L,10 如下表：x （岁）12345678910 y cm76.588.596.8104.1111.3117.7124.0130.0135.4140.2对上表的数据作初步处理，得到下面的散点图及一些统计量的值．x y 10210210x i xi 1y i y x i x y i y i 1i 15.5112.4582.503947.71566.85（ 1）求y关于x的线性回归方程（回归方程系数精确到0.01）；（ 2）某同学认为，y px2qx r 更适宜作为y关于x的回归方程类型，他求得的回归方程是 y0.30 x210.17 x68.07 ．经调查，该地11岁男童身高的中位数为145.3cm ．与（ 1）中的线性回归方程比较，哪个回归方程的拟合效果更好？n$$$$x i x y i y附：回归方程 y a bx 中的斜率和截距的最小二乘估计公式分别为：i 1，b n2x i x $$i 1a y bx．19．（本小题满分12 分）S 如图，四棱锥S ABCD 中，△ABD为正三角形，BCD120，CB CD CS2，BSD90．DC平面 SBD；（ 1）求证：AC（ 2）若SC BD ，求二面角 A SB C 的余弦值．A B20．（本小题满分 12 分）216 的圆心为 M ，点 P 是圆 M 上的动点，点 N 3,0 ，点 G 在已知圆 x 3y 2 线段 MP 上，且满足uuur uuur uuur uuur GN GP GN GP ．（ 1）求点 G 的轨迹 C 的方程；（ 2）过点 T4,0 作斜率不为 0 的直线 l 与（ 1）中的轨迹 C 交于 A ， B 两点，点 A 关于x 轴的对称点为 D ，连接 BD 交 x 轴于点 Q ，求△ ABQ 面积的最大值．21．（本小题满分 12 分）已知函数 f xax ln x 1 ．（1）讨论函数 f x 零点的个数；（2）对任意的x 0 ， f x ≤xe 2 x 恒成立，求实数 a 的取值范围．（二）选考题：共10分．请考生在第 22、23题中任选一题作答． 如果多做，则按所做的第一题计分．22．（本小题满分 10 分）选修 4－4：坐标系与参数方程x3 t ,m已知过点 P m,0 的直线 l 的参数方程是2 （ t 为参数），以平面直角坐标系y1t ,2的原点为极点， x 轴的正半轴为极轴，建立极坐标系，曲线C 的极坐标方程为2cos ．（ 1）求直线 l 的普通方程和曲线C 的直角坐标方程；（ 2）若直线 l 和曲线 C 交于 A ， B 两点，且 PA PB2 ，求实数 m 的值．23．（本小题满分 10 分）选修 4－5：不等式选讲已知函数 f ( x)2 x a 3x b ．（1）当 a1 ， b 0 时，求不等式 f x ≥3 x 1的解集；（2）若 a0 ， b 0 ，且函数 f x 的最小值为 2 ，求 3ab 的值．。

2018届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）英语本试卷UJ页，满分12。

分，考试用时120分钟」注意事项：1.本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部加答卷机号生务必将闩」的姓客、考生号、考场号和座位号埴写任答拽卡匕用2B铅专将试荏类整〈A〕填涂任答题卡相成位置卜.•用2B钳笔在*，考生号”处填涂考生号信息点,修改时颈用搓皮擦干净. 囚笔试不考听力.第！卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始.试题序号从-2嶂开始Z作答第I卷时,选出每小题答案后.用2B铅笔在答题卡E对应题目选项的答案信息点涂新如需要改动,用橡皮擦十净后，再选涂其他答案.答案不能答在试卷上V第【I卷必须用黑色字迹的钢笙或签字笔作答，答案必须捋在答题卡备题II指定区域内相应位痴上:如需改动.先划掉原来的答案，然后再为上新答案：不准使用钳笔和深改液不按以上要求作答无效.4,考生必须保证誉题旨的鞭洁.考试结束后「将试卷和答题卡一并交回*第I卷第二部分阅读理解《拄两节，滴分4。

分｝第V（共15小题；每小麒2分，满分30分）阅读卜列短2，从每题所给的A、H、（和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项〃A11^ nc secret that your personal chanicterislics directly urtwt how you interact with the world — but you might be surprised at just how deep it goes. Experts think that your personality can even ;*fleet how yuii exercise and inlluaice what spoils are suitable tbr you.Highly SensitiveHighly sensitive people maj be more uncom fort able with group cxcrci'ic classes nr team sports where they feci their evory move is being observed- Additionally, they may fccl more upset over an iMfkctive or poor workout, says researcher 口】血£ ArumFor such people, individual or non-competitive iLctivities like hiking, running and hiking are ideal.Type A PersonalityType A individuals often have an “all or nothing approach ' to exercise. Tliis personalit y type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super competitive. However, this can cause them to stick too closely to a fitness routine, which means they might try to push past an injuiy.To get better exercise results, Type A people need to be aware that following an exercise plan too strictly may limit their progress. They should be more flexible and listen to their body, especially when they are in pain.Type B PersonalityThis laid-back group may get too lazy about their exercise plan, which prevents them from seeing results. They are often less willing to deVbte enough time and energy to their fitness goals, especially if exercise is something that makes them anxious.Type B individuals succeed in creative and co-operative environments, so team sports and group gym classes may be perfect.Remember, there are plenty of ways you can adapt a fi:ncss plan to suit your needs, regardless of your characteristics. Just keep in mind what you like.21.Why might highly sensitive people be unwilling to take part in group sports?A.They will feel like they arc being evaluated.B.They don't like socialising with other people.C.They don't consider themselves to be athletic.D.They fear they'll be let down by their tcainmates.22.Type A personalities can be best described as .mittedB. flexibleC. i(idcpenden(D. sensitive23.What is the purpose of the text?A.To help people understand what personality type they arc.B.To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits.C・ To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise.【).To describe ditlcrent types of workouts that arc available today.BAt first sight. Alma Deutschcr. a twelve-year-old girl from England appears to be like any other typical pre-teen. She loves to skip rope, read and play with her younger sister. But this modest youngster, who composed her first musical work al age six. first short opera at age seven, and first full-length opera based on Cinderella at age ten, is anything but average. Though her parents downplay her extraordinary talent, young Alma is being described as "little Mozart'" by the music world.Alma's operatic take on the classic fairy tale, which she began writing at age eight, has a slight twist. Her C inderella is a musician who meets her Prince Charming through a song. **ln my Cinder 11 a, she sings thebeginning of a ballad— but at midnight she flees. Eventually, the prince finds her after asking all the maidens of the land to sing the end of the ballad."The opera was first perfbnned in Vienna, Austria on December 29, 2016, where the then clcvcn-ycar-old skillfully switched between the piano and the violin and received enthusiastic reviews. The young genius has since performed two new piano works, one in Austria and the other in China.While this may appear to be a lot fbr someone so young. Alma is not worried. She says, "Of course I have to work hard. But all children have to work hard fbr exams, and at least when 1 work hard, 1 work hard for something incredibly exciting, like seeing my whole opera put on stage/'Alma's musical talent Hrsl came to light before she could even talk. Iler parents recall that as an 18-nionth-old toddler, she was able to hum a pitch perfect version of the children s rhyme 7\vinkle Twuikle Little Sian However, Alma's abilities only gained intcniational attention in 2012, after a family friend posted a video online comparing her to Mozart. The family was suddenly swamped with media requests and Alma became an overnight star, dubbed "little Mozart M. This nickname makes her parents unhappy because they believe it puts added pressure on the young girl. I hey would instead prefer her to be called F composer and musician'1.Alma does not want to be compared to the famous artist either, saying, "There was only one Mozart, and I prefer to be little Alma." Regardless of what she calls herself, the tw elve-year-old is changing (he world of music forever?24.Whal do we know about Alma Dcutschcf?A.She conies from a famous musical family.B.She has shown great musical talent from a young age.C.She regularly performs the classical music of Mozart.D・ She has adapted some famous works of classical music.25.How did Alma get to be widely known?A.Through an online video.B. By performing on television.C.By putting on an opera.D. Through her parents* promotion.26.What is Alma s attitude towards her success?A.She is still unsatisfied with her performance.B.She is uncomfortable with so much pressure.C.She is modest about her musical achievements.D.She is proud to have become a professional musician.27.What can wc infer about Alma s parents?A.They are very well-educated people.B.They are protective of their daughter.C.They have pushed Alma to take up music.D.They have made a good life plan for Alma.CThe belief that new technologies are causing the death of work is the idea that never goes away. Despite evidence to the contrary, we still view technological change today as being more rapid and dramatic in its Gonscquunccb for work than ever be lure. Bui ihis is nothing new. People have always viewed the technological changes that take place dunng their lives as the most dramatic and dangerous that ever have happened in history.In the 1930s, the British economist （经济学家）John Maynard Keynes predicted the widespread use of electricity would produce a world where people spent most of their time doing nothing. In the United States during the 1960s. the government repeatedly investigated fears that automatic machines would permanently reduce the amount of work available. In 1988, one Australian historian claimed that at least a quarter of the workforce would be without jobs within 10 years because of computers.Of course, none of these disasters came to pass in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, or anywhere else.Yet today, wc arc seeing the remm of these predictions, with some experts claiming the world of work is once more undergoing radical and unprecedented change. They argue that robots and other workplace technologies are causing a reduction in the total amount of work available, or arc bringing a more rapid pace of substitution of machines for humans than has been seen previously.But there is little evidence to support such beliefs. Statistics show that the percentage of people in work, the number of hours lhey work, and how frequently they change jobs have remained remarkably constant over the past 20 years.This stability should not come as a surprise. There arc good reasons why wc should not expect new technologies to cause the death of work. New tcchnohgies always cauj>c job losses, but that is only part of the story. What also needs to be understood is how they increase the amount of work available.One way this happens is through the increases in incomes that accompany the use of new technologies. With the introduction of these technologies, goods and services can be produced faster, which results in higher real incomes for workers. Higher incomes then increase demand for other products and consequently more workers arc needed to make them. Additionally, while new technologies are likely to substitute for some types of workers, they will also increase demand for other types of workers, especially those with higher level skills and expertise.So. the end of work is no closer today than at any time in the past. But there is still a need to keep disproving the prediction, to reduce people's fears.28.What is the function of the second paragraph?A.To explain the importance of developing new technology.B.To show how technology affected employment in the past.C.To argue that technological dangers are becoming more serious.I). To give historical examples of unnecessary f&r about neu technology.29.How can employment statistics over the past 20 years best be described?A.Confusing.B. Reliable.C. Stable.D. Variable.3(). According to paragraph 7, why does demand for products often increase after new technology is introduced?A.There are more goods for people to choose from.B.There is more demand for new skills in the economy.C.Paxiuctivity improvements help raise workers * salaries.【)・Higher quality goods at lower prices encourage consumption.31.What is the author's opinion about the introduction of new technology?A.It does not have an effect on most people's jobs.B.Its benefits arc usually not worth the introduction.C.it usually leads to a significant increase in employment.D.Its danger to people's employment possibilities is overstated.DSupermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy. nut, and coconut milk. These products arc popular with consumers who cannot drink cows' milk for health reasons, as well aswith [hose concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy-free (非乳制的)options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shoncomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory?Pcrumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows' milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some "really bad” dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwich.The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided （o join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA then inserting it into yeast （A2母）.This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelflife and, most important of all, is Earth friendly. According to the company's website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84% less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91%less land and an amazing 98% less water! Best of all. since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow-produccd version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.The company plans to bring their creation to market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there arc already numerous good cows' milk alternatives available to consumers.32.The underlined word “those” in paragraph 1 refers to .A. alternativesB. peopleC. productsD. reasons33.The company's founders were motivated to make the new product because of.A.their deep concern fbr the environmentB.their worry that farm animals were poorly ircaiedC.the over-consumption of the dairy -based products【）・the poor taste of dairy-free cheese presently available34.What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A.The dairy-free products cannot be stored for a long time.B.The new products will taste better than dairy-based ones.C.Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage.D.The dairy-free milk will be more expensive than cow's milk.35.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Healthier CheeseB.New Milk Saves PlanetC.Fresher Milk, Better FutureD.Making Milk without Cows第二节（共5小题;每小题2分•满分10分）根据短文内容.从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）理科综合2018.3相对原子质量： H 1； C 12 ； N 14 ； O 16 ； K 39； Cr 52； Fe 56一、选择题1、下列关于细胞结构与成分的叙述，正确的是A、细胞间的通讯都与细胞膜表面的糖蛋白有关B、核糖体是细胞内蛋白质的“装配机器”，主要由蛋白质和tRNA组成C、细胞核是遗传信息库，遗传信息的表达在细胞核中完成D、细胞骨架是由蛋白质纤维组成的网架结构，能保持细胞形态2、下列有关细胞的生命历程的叙述，错误的是A、细胞分裂能力随分化程度的提高而增强B、癌变细胞的形态结构会发生显著变化C、细胞凋亡有助于机体维持自身的相对稳定D、衰老的细胞，细胞新陈代谢的速率减慢3、下列与神经调节有关的叙述，正确的是A、人体细胞中只有神经元能产生兴奋，其他细胞不能B、细胞膜外Na＋的内流是神经元产生静息电位的主要原因C、神经递质通过主动运输的方式由突触前膜分泌到突触间隙D、位于脊髓的低级中枢可受脑中相应的高级中枢调控4、河北塞罕坝林场的建设者们在“黄沙遮天日，飞鸟无栖树”的荒漠沙地上艰苦奋斗、甘于奉献，创造了荒漠变林海的人间奇迹，是推动生态文明建设的一个生动范例，下列有关叙述错误的是A、在一定条件下，群落可按照不同于自然演替的方向和速度进行演替B、荒漠生态系统的组成成分是生产者、消费者和分解者C、最初阶段，随着森林覆盖率上升塞罕坝林场固定的太阳能逐渐增加D、森林对水土的保持作用体现了生物多样性的间接价值5、下列关于科学研究技术和方法的叙述，错误是A、分离真核细胞各种细胞器的常用方法是差速离心法B、同位素标记法可用于了解生物化学反应的详细过程C、沃森和克里制作的DNA模型反映了DNA分子结构的特征D、目测估计法是估算种群密度最常用的方法之一6、右图示某动物体内的两个细胞，乙细胞由甲细胞分裂形成，以下分析错误的是A、乙细胞处于减数第二次分裂后期B、乙细胞的形成过程受性激素调节C、形成乙细胞的过程中一定发生了基因突变D、与乙轴时形成的另一细胞的基因型可能是AaB或aaB或AAB7．《本草纲目》记载：“烧酒，其法用浓酒和糟入甑，蒸令气上，用器承滴露”，“凡酸坏之酒，皆可蒸烧”。

秘密 ★ 启用前 试卷类型： A2018年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）理科数学2018．3本试卷共5页，23小题， 满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，用2B 铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号，并将试卷类型（A ）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

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一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．设复数z 满足()21i 4i z -=，则复数z 的共轭复数z =AA ．2-B ．2C ．2i -D ．2i2．设集合301x A xx ⎧+⎫=<⎨⎬-⎩⎭，{}3B x x =-≤，则集合{}1x x =≥ DA ．AB IB ．A B UC ．()()A B R R U 痧D ．()()A B R RI痧3．若A ，B ，C ，D ，E 五位同学站成一排照相，则A同学不相邻的概率为BA ．45B ．35C ．25D ．154．执行如图所示的程序框图，则输出的S =DA ．920 B ．49C ．29D ．9405．已知3sin 45x π⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭，则cos 4x π⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭DA ．45B ．35C ．45-D ．35-6．已知二项式212nx x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭的所有二项式系数之和等于128，那么其展开式中含1x 项的系数是AA ．84-B ．14-C ．14D ．847．如图，网格纸上小正方形的边长为1，粗线画出的是某个几何体的三视图，则该几何体的表 面积为C A．4+ B．14+C．10+D ．48．若x ，y 满足约束条件20,210,10,x y y x -+⎧⎪-⎨⎪-⎩≥≥≤ 则222z x x y =++的最小值为DA ．12B ．14C ．12-D ．34-9．已知函数()sin 6f x x ωπ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭()0ω>在区间43π2π⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦，上单调递增，则ω的取值范围为BA ．80,3⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦B ．10,2⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦C ．18,23⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦D ．3,28⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦10．已知函数()322f x x ax bx a =+++在1x =处的极值为10，则数对(),a b 为CA ．()3,3-B ．()11,4-C ．()4,11-D ．()3,3-或()4,11-11．如图，在梯形ABCD 中，已知2AB CD =，25AE AC =uu u r uuu r，双曲线D C ABE过C ，D ，E 三点，且以A ，B 为焦点，则双曲线的离心率为AAB ．C ．3D 12．设函数()f x 在R 上存在导函数()f x '，对于任意的实数x ，都有()()22f x f x x +-=，当0x <时，()12f x x '+<，若()()121f a f a a +-++≤，则实数a 的最小值为AA ．12- B ．1-C ．32-D ．2-二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．13．已知向量(),2m =a ，()1,1=b ，若+=+a b a b ，则实数m = 2 ．14．已知三棱锥P ABC -的底面ABC 是等腰三角形，AB AC ⊥，PA ⊥底面ABC ，1==AB PA ，则这个三棱锥内切球的半径为36． 15．△ABC 的内角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c ，若()()2cos 2cos 0a B b A c θθ-+++=，则cos θ的值为 12- ．16．我国南宋数学家杨辉所着的《详解九章算术》中，用图①的三角形形象地表示了二项式系数规律，俗称“杨辉三角形”．现将杨辉三角形中的奇数换成1，偶数换成0，得到图②所示的由数字0和1组成的三角形数表，由上往下数，记第n 行各数字的和为n S ，如11S =，22S =，32S =，44S =，……，三、解答题：共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．第17～21题为必考题， 每个试题考生都必须做答．第22、23题为选考题，考生根据要求做答．图②图①（一）必考题：共60分． 17．（本小题满分12分）已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，数列n S n ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭是首项为1，公差为2的等差数列． （1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）设数列{}n b 满足()121215452nn n a a a n b b b ⎛⎫+++=-+ ⎪⎝⎭，求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T ．某地1~10岁男童年龄i x （岁）与身高的中位数i y ()cm ()1,2,,10i =L 如下表：对上表的数据作初步处理，得到下面的散点图及一些统计量的值．（1）求y 关于x 的线性回归方程（回归方程系数精确到0.01）； （2）某同学认为，2y px qx r =++更适宜作为y 关于x 的回归方程类型，他求得的回归方程是20.3010.1768.07y x x =-++．经调查，该地11岁男童身高的中位数为145.3cm ．与（1）中的线性回归方程比较，哪个回归方程的拟合效果更好？附：回归方程y a bx =+$$$中的斜率和截距的最小二乘估计公式分别为： ，a y bx =-$$．19．（本小题满分12分）如图，四棱锥S ABCD -中，△ABD 为正三角形，︒=∠120BCD ，2CB CD CS ===，︒=∠90BSD ．（1）求证：AC ⊥平面SBD ；（2）若BD SC ⊥，求二面角C SB A --的余弦值． 20．（本小题满分12分）已知圆(2216x y ++=的圆心为M ，点P 是圆M 上的动点，点)N，点G 在线段MP 上，且满足()()GN GP GN GP +⊥-uuu r uu u r uuu r uu u r．（1）求点G 的轨迹C 的方程；（2）过点()4,0T 作斜率不为0的直线l 与（1）中的轨迹C 交于A ，B 两点，点A 关于x 轴的对称点为D ，连接BD 交x 轴于点Q ，求△ABQ 面积的最大值．()()()121nx x y y i i i b nx x i i =--∑=-∑=$已知函数()ln 1f x ax x =++． （1）讨论函数()x f 零点的个数；（2）对任意的0>x ，()2e xf x x ≤恒成立，求实数a 的取值范围．（二）选考题：共10分．请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答．如果多做，则按所做的第一题计分．22．（本小题满分10分）选修4－4：坐标系与参数方程已知过点(),0P m 的直线l的参数方程是,21,2x m y t ⎧=+⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩（t 为参数），以平面直角坐标系的原点为极点，x 轴的正半轴为极轴，建立极坐标系，曲线C 的极坐标方程为2cos ρθ=．（1）求直线l 的普通方程和曲线C 的直角坐标方程；（2）若直线l 和曲线C 交于A ，B 两点，且2PA PB ⋅=，求实数m 的值．23．（本小题满分10分）选修4－5：不等式选讲 已知函数()f x =23x a x b ++-．（1）当1a =，0b =时，求不等式()31f x x +≥的解集；（2）若0a >，0b >，且函数()f x 的最小值为2，求3a b +的值．。

2018届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）英语2018届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）英语参考答案第I卷第二部分第一节21-23: AAB 24-27: BACB 28-31: DCCD 32-35: BDCD第二节36-40: FBGAD第三部分第一节41-45: DCBBD 46-50: CACDB 51-55: CAABD 56-60: ABDAC第II卷第三部分第二节61. off/out 62. travelled/traveled 63. to record 64. countless 65. a66. What 67. vividly 68. was thought 69. following 70. development 注：第66小题小写不给分。

第四部分第一节The summer job is a tradition among American university students. Long after the end of thebeforeschool year, students start their summer vacation job search. They send letters to businesses, goinggoto job interviews, and ask our friends and relatives for help. By June the students usually havetheirbeen found their jobs and then they begin preparing to enter the world of works.workReasons for wanting a summer job differs from student to student. Some work^ help pay theirdiffer toschool expenses; others work to gain experience in their chosen professions; still others work justfor the funny of it. Salesmen or waiters are two of the much common jobs that students try to find fun and mostduring the summer months.第二部分（1）Dear Alice,I can feel from your email that this issue with your parents is greatly affecting you and really appreciate that you trust me enough to want my advice.Coincidentally, I met a similar situation last summer. Initially, like you, I really didn’t want to go travelling with my parents. But then I thought of things from their point of view. I go to university next year, so, for them, this may have been the last time we’d all travel together as a family. I understood that rather than trying to control me, they just wanted to spend more time with me, so I chose to go and we had a fantastic time together!I think you shouldn’t be in such a hurry to grow up. Treasure the time you have with your parents now as neither you nor they will be around forever.I hope my own experience helps you and that you find a solution.Yours,Li Hua（2）Dear Alice,I’m flattered to know you have such confidence in my opinions that you would write to me for advice, but more importantly I’m sorry to read that you’re having this problem with your parents.I think that you should explain to your parents that you are mature enough to travel without their supervision. It’s natural for parents to worry, so why don’t you show them where you plan to go, who you’re going with and where you will stay. It might also help if you intro duce your friends to reassure them. Finally provide them with the contact details so they can get in touch with you.Parents often resist their children growing up. It’s up to you to gently show them it is time to loosen the strings.I hope this advice will be useful to you and good luck with your decision.Yours,Li Hua附录：书面表达评分参考书面表达旨在考查学生的英语书面表达能力，评价其能否运用相关常识和语言知识进行有效的文字表达，完成特定的交际任务。

广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)理科综合（生物）一、单项选择题1.下列有关真核细胞结构与功能的对应关系，正确的是A.细胞膜——保障细胞内部环境相对稳定B.液泡——合成葡萄糖C.核仁——作为核质间物质交换的通道D.中心体——参与所有细胞的有丝分裂2.下列关于人体生命活动的描述，正确的是A.细胞体积大小与其物质运输效率无关B.酶通过供给能量提高代谢速率C.癌変细胞内的遗传物质没有发生改変D.胎儿手的发育与细胞凋亡密切相关3.对下表的分析不．合理的是A.肽段的合成需要消耗ATPB.肽段P的结构最终由DNA决定C.肽段P与该分泌蛋白的分泌密切相关D.肽段P的作用是引导mRNA与核糖体结合4.关于“探究培养液中酵母菌种群的変化”实验的叙述，正确的是A.接种后，需对培养液进行灭菌B.接种后，需立即进行第一次抽样检测C.抽样检测时，需将培养液静置几分钟后再吸取D.用血细胞计数板计数时，应先向计数室滴加样液后再盖上盖玻片5.南方某稻田生态系统，近年来发生了显著的変化:原来种群密度较高的青蛙、泥鳅等动物几乎绝迹。

下列有关叙述错误．．的是A.此変化的主要原因是人类活动的影响B.稻田中各种生物的分布形成一定的空间结构C.保护稻田中的青蛙等有益动物可减少农药对环境的污染D.稻田中的全部生物以及各种生物之间的相互作用形成生态系统6.右图是调节呼吸运动的部分模式图，有关叙述正确的是A.图中a是呼吸反射的神经中枢B.图中b是反射弧的传出神经C.图中神经元①和②之间的信号変化是电信号→化学信号D.大脑皮层受损呼吸无法进行二、双项选择题24. 下图示利用二倍体小鼠所做的实验，分析合理的是A.过程①需运用早期胚胎技本B.图中囊胚的细胞基因型都相同C.代孕母鼠需进行同期发情处理D.嵌合体幼鼠是四倍体25.短尾蝮蛇体色的遗传机理如右图所示，物质甲、乙均不存在时表现为白色。

下列分析合理的是A.白蛇的基因型是aabbB.雌雄黑红花斑蛇交配，后代可能有四种表现型C.黑蛇与红蛇交配的后代不可能出现白蛇D.对杂合黑蛇进行测交，后代表现型比为1:1的前提是各种配子成活率为 100%三、非选择题26. ( 16分)科研小组进行了水体铵离子浓度変化对轮叶黑藻生理影响的研究，利用铵离子浓度不同的培养液培养轮叶黑藻40天，测量并统计相关指标。

2018届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）理科综合生物参考答案1．D 2．A 3.D 4.B 5．D 6．C29．（8分）(1)①蛋白质与双缩脲试剂发生作用；产生紫色反应（1分）。

一定范围内，蛋白质含量越高，颜色越深（2分）（共3分）②b．分别编号1、2、3，依次分别加入等量(2mL)培养I、5、9天的大豆种子蛋白质制备液（1分）c．分别往3支试管中加入等量( ImL)双缩脲试剂A液，摇匀，再分别注入双缩脲试剂B液4滴，摇匀（1分）（步骤b、c共2分，合并评分）(2)大豆种子萌发和生长时需要产生更多的蛋白质参与各项生命活动（1分），在黑暗条件下萌发后亦不能进行光合作用（1分），与此同时，需要消耗糖类提供能量和用于生成某些氨基酸（等非糖物质）（1分），因此蛋白质含量上升而总糖含量下降（共3分）30．(10分)(1)类囊体（1分）三碳化合物的还原（2分）(2)选取的不同作物其根系对矿质元素的选择性吸收应有所不同（2分）(3)叶绿素含量更高（1分），净光合速率更大（1分），积累的有机物更多（1分）。

（共3分）(4)大葱根系的分泌物促进黄瓜生长（2分，其他合理答案均可）31.（9分）(1)体液中的杀菌物质和吞噬细胞（2分）非特异性免疫（1分）(2)患者体内保留了针对水痘一带状疱疹病毒(vzv)的记忆细胞（和抗体）（2分）(3)牛痘疫苗能刺激人体产生针对天花病毒的记忆细胞和抗体（1分），记忆细胞具有记忆、增殖分化的能力（1分），由于天花病毒突变率低，再接触到天花病毒时，机体能快速产生大量针对天花病毒的抗体（1分）。

而vzv病毒的抗原与天花病毒的不同（1分），对天花病毒起作用的记忆细胞对vzv病毒不起作用。

（共4分）32.（12分）(1)赤眼、卷翅（2分）(2)常（1分）均为杂合子（2分）(3)赤眼卷翅：赤眼长翅：紫眼卷翅：紫眼长翅=6：3：2：1（2分）控制这两对相对性状的基因独立遗传（2分），F1的赤眼卷翅两对基因均杂合（1分），且卷翅基因显性纯合致死（2分）。