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Des patrons heureux!La situation économique de la France n’est pas bonne. La croissance est faible. Le chômage est élevé. Le pouvoir d’achat diminue. Cependant, les salaires des grands patrons français augmentent chaque année. Avec unerémunération de six millions d’euros par an, les grands patrons français sont les mieux payés d’Europe. Leurs homologues anglais arrivent en deuxième position. Ils sont suivis par les patrons hollandais et allemands.Même quand les entreprises vont mal, les rémunérations des grands patrons français augmentent. En 2002, les pertes des entreprises françaises ont étéconsidérables. La bourse de Paris a reculé de 34%. Cependant, les salaires des patrons du CAC 40 ont progressé de 15% cette année-là.Les salariés les mieux payés en Europe sont les Danois. Les Français arrivent seulement en onzième position. La moitié des salariés français gagnent moins de 1.500 euros nets par mois. 15% des salariés sont payés au SMIC, à peu près 7 euros de l’heure. Le niveau de vie des salariés français diminue. Les prix et les loyers augmentent mais les salaires stagnent. Payer les factures est difficile. Les sorties au restaurant sont un luxe.Les travailleurs français ne sont pas bien payés, mais ils ont quelques avantages par rapport àleurs voisins européens. On dit souvent que les salariés français travaillent moins que leurs confrères européens. Il est vrai qu’avec 35 heures de travail par semaine, 5 semaines de congés payés et 11 jours fériés, les salariés français sont bien lotis. Les malheureux salariés anglais n’ont que 2 semaines de congés payés.Pour deux tiers des Français, la vie familiale est plus importante que le travail. Beaucoup de salariés ont une mauvaise image de leur entreprise. Ils sontmécontents de leur rémunération et de leurs conditions de travail. Un quart des travailleurs sont stressés au boulot. Un tiers des cadres aimeraient changer d’entreprise.。
法国留学闻⾹师调⾹师专业的最新介绍 提到法国，你会想到什么?名胜古迹?哲学先贤?⽂坛巨匠?艺术⼤师?饕餮美⾷?定制时装?可能有很多很多事物让你印象深刻!但我想，你应该也不会忽略法国的⾹⽔产业…… 曾经在2011年有幸去过⼀次“⾹⽔之城”格拉斯，参观过那⾥的⾹⽔博物馆和⾹⽔⼯⼚;也曾经在2014年错过了再次到访这座美丽⽽有韵味的南法⼩城、亲⼿制作⼀瓶独特⾹⽔的机会…不过，只要你来过这座⼩城，哪怕只是⾛马观花，也会对法国⾹⽔有更深层的认识，还会在这⾥接触到⼀个略带神秘特⾊的职业——闻⾹师/调⾹师。
闻⾹师/调⾹师是个令⼈向往的职业。
他们能在不⽤任何仪器的情况下，识别出4000多种⾹⽔的味道，他们只需将⾹⽔轻轻的⼀吸，便能准确的判断出⾹⽔中含有的50多种成分。
早在13世纪，巴黎⾏政长官Etienne Boileau的著作《职业⽬录》⾥，就正式记录了“闻⾹师”这个职业。
随着社会的发展和需求的扩⼤，培养闻⾹师/调⾹师的学校也应势⽽⽣…… 不得不说，从事这个⾏业，是需要天赋的，要拥有灵敏的嗅感和良好的嗅觉记忆。
此外，丰富的想象⼒及创造⼒也是必备素质。
同时，从事这个职业，对于烟酒和⾟辣⾷品也要敬⽽远之… 在法国，可以去哪⾥学习成为⼀名闻⾹师/调⾹师呢?汤叔⽐较孤陋寡闻，只知道在凡尔赛⼤学(Université deVersailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines)有⼀个相关的专业，是和当地⼀个专业学校l‘Institut Supérieur International de la Parfumerie， de la Cosmétique et des Ar?mes Alimentaires (ISIPCA)合作推出的。
这个专业开设在职业学⼠(Licence Pro)阶段和硕⼠阶段的教学课程。
职业学⼠阶段： 专业名称：Licence pro Chimie Formulation ：Applications et Analyse Chimique et Sensorielle pour les Industries de la Parfumerie， de la Cosmétique et de l‘Aromatique Alimentaire，该专业分为三个具体⽅向，分别是：Parfumerie、Cosmétique和Aromatique Alimentaire，想从事闻⾹师或者调⾹师相关的⾹⽔职业，需要选择第⼀个。
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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!I went to France and was really amazed by the beautiful heritage. The old castles were so grand and magnificent.There were these ancient streets that seemed to tell stories of the past. The architecture was just stunning.The museums were full of wonderful artworks and historical items. It was like stepping into a different time.And the food! The French cuisine is really something special. It added to the whole experience.I also got to see some beautiful gardens that were so peaceful and serene. It was a great escape.。
Leçon 3Souvenirs d’enfanceAvant la classeÉcoutez la chanson Je regarde là-haut（请听歌曲《仰望星空》）:TextesASouvenirs d’enfance(Internet. Salon de Chat.)…-Est-ce que tu t’entends bien avec tes parents1, Lavande magique ?-Oui, très bien, Dragon céleste.-Lorsque tu étais petite, lorsque tu étais enfant, comment tu vivais avec ton père et ta mère ?-Comme tous les enfants, je n’étais pas tout le temps à la maison.-Tu étais à l’école maternelle d’abord.-Oui, je passais beaucoup de temps à l’école, le matin, l’ap rès-midi, et ma mère venait me chercher à la sortie de l’école2vers 16 heures, 16 heures 30. Et mes parents m’aidaient beaucoup à travailler, surveillaient de très près3mon travail à l’école.-Alors c’est ta maman ou ton papa qui te faisait réciter tes leçons ? 4-Cela dépendait. Parfois ma mère, parfois mon père, ou à tour de rôle. Effectivement, ils me faisaient réciter mes leçons, ils me faisaient réciter, tu sais, les résumés que nous devions apprendre par cœur à la fin des chapitres d’histoire. 5-Chapi tres d’histoire? Et tu t’en souviens, Lavande magique ?-Oh, de ce que j’ai appris par cœur6, Dragon céleste, non, pas du tout !Vocabulairele souvenir 回忆，记忆de près (loc. adv.) 靠近地；（转）仔细地l’enfance (n.f.) 童年réciter (v. t.)背诵；朗诵s’entendre avec qn和某人相处融洽à tour de rôle轮流地lorsque (conj.)当……的时候effectivement (adv.)事实上，其实tout le temps 一直le résumé摘要，概要，梗概l’école maternelle幼儿园apprendre … par cœur 熟记，记牢，记住la sortie下班，放学la fin 末尾，结尾vers (prép.) 将近，左右à la fin de ...在……的结尾，在……的最后aider qn (à faire qch) 帮助某人（做某事）le chapitre （书籍的）一章surveiller (v. t.)监视，监督N otes?：“你和父母相处融洽吗？”s’entendre解释为“相处和睦，相处融洽”，如：Dès la première rencontre, nous nous sommes bien entendus.（自第一次见面起，我们就很合得来。
Le? on 14 Compréhension du texte zII ．Choisissez la r ponseé selon le texte :Charles (va / prend) d jeuneréau restaurant universitaire. Il y va ( / en) autobus.Ilà(aime / regarde) le menu. Il est alors (content / en col re) parce qu ’èmangeon( / veut) toujours du poisson et que le resto U (exag ère / est en gr ève). Mais il (attend / reste) son tour, pour (prendre / h siter)é de la glace au dessert.E xercices de grammairepl é tez avec les articles partitifs：1. de 6. de la, des, des, de l, du ’2. Du7. du3. des8. du4. du9. des, des, du5. de la10.dupl é tez les phrases avec ?de la ?, ? du ? , ? des ? , ? de l ’? ou ? de ? ：1.d’ 6.du, de la, del ’,des2.du7.de3.de, d’8.de4.de la9.de5.du, du10. du, de la, deIII. Complétez avec les articles qui conviennent :1.de la, de la , une2.des7.les, les3.le, une8.Le4.les, des9.une5.Le, une10. de, leE xercices de grammaireI. Compl étez avec les pronoms convenables :1.nous y 6.les y2.les lui3.nous en8.t ’ en4.t ’y9.me la5.nous le10. les yII. R é pondez d’ apr ès l’ exemple：1.Oui, je te les montre.2.Oui, elle nous le donne.3.Oui, je vous les passe.4.Oui, elle me le lit.5.Oui, je la lui dis.6.Oui, je la lui vends.7.Oui, il m y’attend.8.Oui, on les y voit.9.Oui, il nous en donne.10. Oui, il nous l’ explique bien.III.Mettez les doubles pronoms l à’ imp é ratif :1.Montre-les-lui. / Ne les lui montre pas.2.Donne-leur-en. / Ne leur en donne pas.3.Dites-le-lui. / Ne le lui dites pas.4.Lis-le-nous. / Ne nous le lis pas.5.Posons-la-lui. / Ne la lui posons pas.6.Passe-le-moi. / Ne me le passe pas.issez-la-nous. / Ne nous la laissez pas.8.Sers-m’ en/. Ne m’ ensers pas.9.Montre-la-leur. / Ne la leur montre pas.10.Donnez-lui-en un. / Ne lui en donnez pas.E xercices de vocabulaire qI. Mettez les verbes au présent de l’ indicatif:A. manger1. manger 3. mangeons 5. mange7. manger2. mangez 4. manger 6. mange8. mangentB. exag reré1. exagères 3. exagérez 5. exagère7. exagère2. exagérer 4. exagèrent 6. exagère8. exagèreII. Choisissez la bonne r ponseé :1. S’il (a faim / a une faim), il faut lui donner mangerà.2.Ils (ont une faim de loup / ont faim de loup), ils vont d?ner.3.Il (vient de / va) pleuvoir. La terre est mouill e（湿的）é.4.Isabelle n ’ aime(mp a ngers / prendre) le petit d jeuneré.5.(Venez / Venez de)m’ aider.6. Il (ne travaille plus / ne travaille pas), il est la retraiteà.7.Veux-tu (une tranche de pain / un pain) ?8.Le temps (change /passe) beaucoup en cette saison.III.Remplacez les points par les mots ou expressions du dialogue ou du texte :1. fini 5. plusieurs2. apporte 6. tour3. cuisine7. patiemment4. ne, plus8. hésitonsIV. Remplacez les points par une pr positioné :1. sur2. selon3.à7. de, aux4. dans8. à5.à+ le Au→9. en6.à10.avecE xercices de structureI. Posez des questions selon la partie soulign e : ément est la cuisine chinoise ?2.Que boivent-ils tousàles repas ?3.Avec quoi Luc prend-il souvent du riz ?4.Pourquoi te faut-il du courage ?5.Qu’ est-ce qui est app tissanté ?6. Le soir, quand d?nent les Fran?ais ? /àquelle heurenntd?les Fran?ais le soir ?7.Oùd éjeunes-tu ? / O prendsù-tu un sandwich ?8.Qu’ est-ce que Monsieur Dupont vient de faire ?II.R pondezé aux questions suivantes avec des pronoms convenables :1.- Oui, il faut aller en acheter.2.- Oui, vous devez la vendre.3.- Non, elles ne vont pas y aller.4.- Non, ils n ’ aiment pas en prendre.5.- Oui, je vais penser toi. à6. - Oui, je veux la d crire. é/nous voulons la d crire.é7.- Oui, elle commence la comprendreà.8.- Non, il ne va pas en tre contentê.III.Faites des phrases d’ apr ès les modè: lesModè le A :1. C’ estàvous que je parle.2. C’ est Juliette que Roméo aime.3.C’ est avec ses copains que Charles va allerjardinu du Luxembourg.4.C’ estmardi que tu vas venir.5. C’ est pour vivre qu’ on mange.6. C'est elle que Marc rencontre dans la rue.7. C’ est pour toi qu’ elle chante.8. C’ estàcause de sa maladie que mon grand-rep ne vaèpas voyager en Allemagne.Modè le B :1. Philippe vient d’ avoir une idée.2.Je viens de lui parler.3.Nous venons de rentrer la maisonà.4.Les enfants viennent de se lever.5.On vient de se promener sur le campus.6.Vous venez de visiter le mus e du Louvreé.7.Elle vient d’é crire une lettre.8.Les feuilles viennent de tomber.IV. Remettez les phrases suivantes dans un ordre logique :(1) ..........f..............(2) ............b...........(3) ..........d..............(4) ..........e..............(5) ..........g..............(6) ...........a............(7) ..........c..............(8) ..........h..............E xercices audio-orauxI. Ecoutez et remplissez les blancs :J’ aime fairela cuisine. Aujourd’ hui, je vais inviter mescopains d?nerà chez moi. Mais il me faut d’ abord faire des courses. Je dois acheterducaf . éEt je dois aussi acheter d’ autresboissons : du vin,du jus de pamplemousse(柚子)et une bouteille d’eau minérale(含矿物质的). Puis des produits laitiers : de la glace, du fromage, du lait et du beurre. Ensuite, des fruits et desl égumes : des pommes, 300 grammes de tomates, des choux et des carottes.Et oui, j’ ai envie(克 )de manger du poisson ce soir. Mais demain je voudrais manger du porc. Je vais aussi achetertrois tranches de jambon(火腿) et des desserts pour ce week-end.II. Choisissez la bonne r ponseé :1. b2. b3. a4. a5. bE xercices de traductionI. Traduisez les mots et locutions :非常乐意感到饿在校园里高中同学avec plaisir avoir faim sur le campus camarade de lyc e é愤怒绝食等待轮到他大学生食堂être en col re èfaire la gr ve deè la faim attendre son tour le resto UII. Rendez les phrases en fran?ais :1.- G néralement, que manges-tu comme petit d jeuner ?é/ D ’ habitude, qu -ce’queest tu prends au petit d jeuner?é- Mon petit d jeuneré est tr s simpleè : un verre de lait et deux petits pains cuits la vapeur.à2.Tous les jours, Camille va prendre le d jeuner laàcantineéavec ses camarades de classe. Elle trouve la cuisine de son universit bonne. / Elleé trouve que la cuisine y est pas mal.3.Elle a 45 ans. Elle n’ est plus. jeune4.Jacques va te tl éphoner,é soit avant les vacances, soit aprs les vacancesè.5.Je viens te chercher pour te dire au revoir. / C’ estpour te dire au revoir que je viens te chercher. /Je viens juste pour te dire au revoir.。
语式助动词：devoir、pouvoir、savoir、vouloir等，这些助动词之后的动词总是以直陈式出现的。
它们给动词涂上了一层“语式色彩”，暗示了说话人的态度、心情、意愿等等。
比较一下：Il est midi.十二点了（肯定语气）和：Il doit être midi.应该十二点了吧（我想现在差不多十二点）。
语式助动词devoir可以表达：1. 必须：Ils ont dû déménager à cause des voisins.因为这些邻居，他们必须搬家。
Tous les élèves doivent avoir un dictionnaire.每个学生都必须有一个字典。
Lundi prochain, vous devrez arriver un peu en avance.下星期一您应该提前一点到。
表示此意的动词devoir可以是过去时、现在时或将来时。
2. 较大可能性：Eric n'est pas venu, il doit être malade. 艾力克没有来，他很可能是病了。
Eric n'est pas venu, il a dû rater son train. 艾力克没有来，他很可能是误了火车。
表示此意时，devoir只能是过去时或现在时。
如果要表达一个在将来的可能性，则要使用条件式：Regarde, le ciel est tout noir. Il devrait pleuvoir avant ce soir. 看，天都黑了，可能今晚以前就要下雨了。
语式助动词pouvoir可以表达：1. 可能性：Vous pouvez prendre le train de 16 h 25 ou celui de 17 h 03.您可以乘坐16点25分的火车或17点03分的火车。
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Be sure to limit the use of this product to listed power ratings.ENERGY STAR®PFU Limited, a Fujitsu company, has determined that this product meets the ENERGY STAR® guidelines for energy efficiency. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the United States.Specifications are subject to change without notice. Visit your local Fujitsu website for more information.*1 Actual scanning speeds are affected by data transmission and software processing times. *2 Indicated speeds are from using JPEG compression. *3 Indicated speeds are from using TIFF CCITT Group 4 compression. *4 Selectable maximum resolution may vary depending on the length of the scanned document. *5 Limitations may apply to the size of documents that can be scanned, depending on system environment, when scanning at high resolution (over 600 dpi). *6 Capable of scanning documents with dimensions exceeding that of Legal sizes. Resolutions are limited to 300 dpi or less when scanning documents 355.6 mm (14 in.) to 863 mm (34 in.), 200 dpi or less when scanning documents 863mm (34 in.) in length. *7 Thicknesses of up to 127 to 209 g/m² (34 to 56 lb) can be scanned for A8 (52 x 74 mm / 2.1 x 2.9 in.) sizes. *8 ISO7810 ID-1 type compliant. Capable of scanning embossed cards with total thicknesses of 1.24 mm (0.049 in.) or less. *9 Maximum capacity depends on paper weight and may vary. *10 Capable of setting additional documents while scanning.*11 Numbers are calculated using scanning speeds and typical hours of scanner use, and are not meant to guarantee daily volume or unit durability. *12 Scanning speeds slow down when using USB 1.1.*13 When using USB, device must be connected to the USB hub connected to the PC port. If using USB 3.2 Gen 1x1 (USB 3.0) / USB 2.0, USB port and hub compatibility is required. *14 Excludes the ADF paper chute and stacker. *15 Functions equivalent to those offered by PaperStream IP may not be available with the Image Scanner Driver for macOS/Linux or WIA Driver. *16 Refer to the SP Series Support Site for for driver/software downloads and full lineup of all supported operating system versions. *17 Operation on Windows Server® OS is not supported.Every 100,000 sheets or one yearBrake Roller Pick RollerPA03708-0001Roller SetConsumablesPA43404-A665 PaperStream Capture Pro optional licensePaperStream Capture ProScan Station (WG)OptionsAC adapter, USB cable, Setup DVD-ROMIncluded Items Multi image output, Automatic color detection, Automatic page size detection, Blank page detection, Dynamicthreshold (iDTC), Advanced DTC, SDTC, Error diffusion, Dither, De-Screen, Emphasis, Dropout color (None/Red/Green/Blue/White/Saturation/Custom), sRGB output, Split image, De-Skew, Edge filler, Vertical streaks reduction, Digitalendorser, Background pattern removal, Character thickness, Character augmentation, Character extractionImage Processing FunctionsPaperStream IP for SP Series (TWAIN/TWAIN x64/ISIS), WIA Driver *¹⁵, Image Scanner Driver for macOS (ICA)*¹⁵*¹⁶, Image Scanner Driver for Linux (SANE)*¹⁵*¹⁶, PaperStream Capture, PaperStream ClickScan *¹⁶, Software Operation Panel, Error Recovery Guide, ABBYY FineReader for ScanSnap *¹⁶, Scanner Central Admin, ABBYY™ FineReader Sprint™*¹⁷, Network Setup Tool for SP Series, SP Series Online UpdateIncluded Software / DriversWindows® 11, Windows® 10, Windows® 8.1, Windows® 7, Windows Server® 2022, Windows Server® 2019, Windows Server® 2016, Windows Server® 2012 R2, Windows Server® 2012, Windows Server® 2008 R2, macOS, Linux (Ubuntu)Supported Operating System2.5 kg (5.5 lb)Weight298 x 135 x 133 mm (11.7 x 5.3 x 5.2 in.)Dimensions *¹⁴(Width x Depth x Height)ENERGY STAR®, RoHSEnvironmental Compliance 20 to 80% (non-condensing)Relative Humidity 5 to 35 °C (41 to 95 °F)Temperature Operating Environment 0.3 W or lessAuto Standby (Off) Mode2 W or less Power Saving Mode 18 W or less Operating Mode Power Consumption AC 100 to 240 V ±10 %Power Requirements 10BASE-T,100BASE-TX,1000BASE-T EthernetUSB 3.2 Gen 1x1 / USB 2.0 / USB 1.1USB *¹²*¹³Interface Overlap detection (Ultrasonic sensor)Multifeed Detection 4,000 sheetsExpected Daily Volume *¹¹50 sheets (A4 80 g/m² or Letter 20 lb)ADF Capacity *⁹*¹⁰50 to 209 g/m² (13.4 to 56 lb)*⁷Plastic Card 0.76 mm (0.0299 in.) or less *⁸Paper Paper Weight (Thickness)3,048 mm (120 in.)Long Page Scanning *⁶ (Maximum)52 x 74 mm (2.0 x 2.9 in.)Minimum216 x 355.6 mm (8.5 x 14 in.)Maximum Document Size WhiteBackground Colors Color: 24-bit, Grayscale: 8-bit, Monochrome: 1-bit Output Format 50 to 600 dpi (adjustable by 1 dpi increments)1,200 dpi (driver)*⁵Output Resolution *⁴(Color / Grayscale / Monochrome)600 dpiOptical ResolutionRGB LED x 2 (front x 1, back x 1)Light Source Single line CMOS-CIS x 2 (front x 1, back x 1)Image Sensor Type Simplex: 25 ppm (200/300 dpi)Duplex: 50 ipm (200/300 dpi)Scanning Speed *¹ (A4 Portrait)(Color *²/Grayscale *²/Monochrome *³)ADF (Automatic Document Feeder), DuplexScanner TypeTechnical InformationDatasheet FUJITSU Image Scanner SP-1125NIndonesiaPT Fujitsu Indonesia Tel: +62 21 570 9330*************************/id/scannersMalaysiaFujitsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd Tel: +603 8230 4188askfujitsu .my @/my/scannersPhilippinesFujitsu Philippines, Inc. Tel: +63 2 841 8488 ***************.com/ph/scannersSingaporeFujitsu Asia Pte Ltd Tel: +65 6512 7555 *******************/sg/scannersThailandFujitsu (Thailand) Co., Ltd. Tel: +66 2 302 1500 info .th @/th/en/scannersVietnamFujitsu Vietnam Limited Tel: + 84 4 2220 3113 sales -vn @/vn/en/scanners。
Text by Hu ZhoumengPhotographs courtesy of Iljaz Spahiu Iljaz Spahiu: My Own Private China In the palace of Chinese literature, Spahiu touched the deepest corners of the Eastern country’s spiritual world.“Literature enabled me to understand the inner world of Chinese people and feel what they truly felt.”“M andarin Chinese is appall-ingly difficult to learn!” Albanian sinologist Iljaz Spahiu waved his hands and couldn’t help bursting into laughter when recalling his first Chinese course. In 1974, when he was only 19, Spahiu set out from Tirana, capital of Albania, and flew across the Eurasian continent to Beijing. He enrolled in a Chinese class at Beijing Language Institute (now Beijing Language and Culture University). After more than a year of studying there, he went to Peking University for a program on Chinese studies. Of the over 30 Albanian high school graduates who came to China with him, most majored in engineering. Spahiu, though, seemed destined to build a deeper connection with the Chinese language. In the 21st century, after returning to live and work in China for more than a decade, he translated well-known Chinese novels such as Frog , Red Sorghum , and To Live into Albanian. In the palace of Chinese literature, he touched the deepest corners of the Eastern country’s spiritual world.Deep into Chinese Hearts Chinese author Mo Yan (originally known as Guan Moye) gained huge fame in the literary world when he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012. Soon, Spahiu received an invitation to translate his books. Despite having translated countless polit-ical, historical and economic texts, he cautiously declined the offer to translate literary works.Spahiu brought several of Mo Yan’s fictions home and read them carefully. He changed his mind after reading Frog . “This is a very interest-ing book,” he thought. “Mo Yan wrote about rural life in China and sensitive topics like family planning. Albania had a similar social situation and cultural background. There were also communes and cooperatives in 24 V O L U M E 884Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.Albanian sinologist Iljaz Spahiu joins host Rudina Magjistari on a local TV show to introduce books he translated from Chinese. Before the Albanian version of Frog was published in 2013, only limited Chinese literature was available to Albanian readers in their native language, and hardly any direct translationsfrom Chinese to Albanian.the 1960s and 1970s. I trusted that this book would be well accepted and understood by Albanians.”While studying at Peking University, Spahiu once met with Chinese farmers during an organized trip to the China-Albania Friendship Commune in the suburbs of Beijing. This is why Spahiu knew he gained “completely different and more comprehensive understand-ing” of rural areas. “Literature enabled me to understand the inner world of Chinese people and feel what they truly felt,” Spahiu explained. “Translating Frog and Red Sorghum made me feel like I was right there with Mo Yan in the villages of Shandong Province and connected with the local farmers. I learned so much about the way of life, the way of think-ing, and the social life in rural China in different eras.”The biggest challenge for Spahiu across the translation process is navigating cross- cultural differences. “Cultural differences can be manifested in many aspects including lifestyle, language structure, and others,” he explained. “For instance, dumplings, hotpot, and kang (a heated living and sleeping platform) in northern China, cannot be found in Albania. Concepts such as yin-yang and qigong can hardly be trans-lated either.” Encountering tough problems, Spahiu often asked Chinese friends to help him clarify the meanings and consulted language experts forsuitable translating approaches. Mo Yan’s daughter Guan Xiaoxiao also kept in close touch with him and offered great support.“For some Chinese expres-sions, I found equivalents with Albanian words, but if I couldn’t, I would keep the original words and add explanations in Albanian, which in fact enriches the Albanian language itself.” In Spahiu’s opinion, approxi-mation to the target language is necessary, but more importantly, translators must stay loyal to the author’s intentions through accurate translation.Translating with Emotions Following drastic changes in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s, Albania resumed inter-national exchange after closing C H I N A P I C TO R I A L 25Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.Covers of the Albanian versions of novels Frog (right) and Red Sorghum written by Chinese Nobel Prize laureate Mo Yan, translated by Iljaz Spahiu. In 2015, Spahiu and his wife, Burbuqe, established the Albania-China Cultural Association, and they have poured great efforts into enhancing book translationbetween the two countries.its doors for years. In 1993, Spahiu revisited Beijing 15 years after graduating from Peking University. Mushrooming skyscrapers in the city made it “hard to remember what Beijing looked like before.” Spahiu went to Peking University with friends to rekindle memories only to find the restaurants he frequented were all gone.“So much had changed in China—the food, the clothes, and the way of thinking—but one thing remained the same, the friendship between China and Albania.” Spahiu vividly described how an outgoing and passionate taxi driver talked to him. “The driver told me he had not driven any Albanian passengers for years. He wondered how things were in Albania and seemed to genuinely care.”Spahiu worked as a diplo-mat at the Albanian Embassy in China from 2002 to 2006 and stayed in Beijing to do business the following years. During this period, he traveled to almost every province in the country. “I came into extensive contact with government officials and local residents and visited both economic projects and cultural relics, so I learned much about lifestyles and customs in differ-ent regions of China.”Spahiu attributes his skill at translating Chinese liter-ary works to his experience in China and knowledge of Chinese history, culture, and develop-ment. “A translator needs to dive deep into the work, especially when working on literature,” he said. “In addition to grasping the language, the translator must also have cultural attainment. Google can translate, but it has no understanding of Chinese civilization or any emotions about the country.”To Spahiu’s delight, the Albanian version of Frog was a hit after publication. People even gave it as a gift for birthdays and major festivals. Spahiu brought a copy of this book when he visited Mo Yan at Beijing Normal University in 2014. They were surprised to find both were born in February 1955. “We talked for26 V O L U M E 884Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.Two old photos show Iljaz Spahiu skating with classmates and friends on the iced Weiming Lake on the campus of Peking University in Beijing. Spahiu enrolled in a program on Chinese studies at theuniversity from 1975 to 1978.hours,” Spahiu recalled. “Mo Yan watched Albanian movies when he was a kid. He knows Albania pretty well.”Before the Albanian version of Frog hit the market, only limited Chinese literature was avail-able to Albanian readers in their native language, and hardly any direct translations from Chinese to Albanian. Recalling his high school days, Spahiu claimed Lu Xun was the only Chinese liter-ary giant anyone could name. “I read Selected Works of Lu Xun in high school but it was trans-lated from another European language.” Spahiu hopes Albanian students get more Chinese books to read and learn more about the country.In 2015, Iljaz Spahiu and his wife, Burbuqe, established the Albania-China Cultural Association and poured more efforts into enhancing book translation between the two countries. Over the past decade, more than 60 Chinese books have been translated and published in Albania, covering categories including philosophy, history, economics, music, and literature.Spahiu believes more work needs to be done to promote Chinese books outside translation and publication. After living in China for more than 10 years with her husband, Mrs. Spahiu wrote the memoir My Life Between Beijing and Tirana to record her experience and thoughts.“My wife is even more active at spreading Chinese culture than I am, and she is definitely a more famous Chinese culture expert in Albania,” Iljaz Spahiu admitted. “She has appeared on many major TV shows to introduce important Chinese festivals like Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival.” Recalling those events brought a big smile back to Spahiu’s face. “I hope we can pass on this long-term friendship to the next generation.” C H I N A P I C TO R I A L 27Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.。
