【100所名校】2018届重庆八中高三适应性月考(五)语文试题(解析版)

重庆市第八中学校2023届高三下学期高考适应性月考（八）语文试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、现代文阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

材料一：“创造性叛逆”是对文学翻译特征的一个很恰切概括。

文学翻译有两个层面。

一是语言转换层面。

在这一层面，强调语言转换的等值，追求译作对原作在各方面的忠实，再现原作的精神风貌、文学意蕴和语言特色。

二是文学再创造的层面。

这一层面指译者将原作者所创造的意象、意境、艺术风格等等，通过译者的解读、体会再度传达出来，是在原作规定的有限范围内的再度创作。

虽然译者在主观上努力追求全面再现原作，但实际上不可能完全做到。

这有两个方面的原因。

第一，译者的文化心理、文化价值取向、个人的审美心理、文学气质、认知能力和语言表达水平，都会影响对译作的“全面忠实”再现。

特别是，如果译者出于政治、意识形态、审美或道德等方面的原因，有意误译原作，这样，翻译的叛逆和再创造的特征就会更明显。

第二，也是更重要的一点，文学翻译不是在真空中进行的，而总是处于一定的文化语境之中。

译语文化中的政治、意识形态、文学观念、经济等因素，不仅影响译者的翻译选择、过程和策略，也影响译作的文学意义及其接受。

（摘编自查明建《译介学：渊源、性质、内容与方法—兼评比较文学论著、教材中有关“译介学”的论述》）材料二：在文学翻译中，译者的创造性叛逆有多种表现，但概括起来不外乎两种类型：有意识型和无意识型。

具体的表现有以下四种：个性化翻译。

译者，尤其是优秀的译者，在从事文学翻译时大多都有自己信奉的翻译原则，并且还有其独特的追求目标。

譬如同样是拜伦的诗，马君武用七言古诗体译，苏曼殊用五言古诗体，而胡适则用离骚体。

不同的诗体不仅赋予拜伦的诗以不同的中文面貌，更重要的是，它们还塑造了彼此不同的诗人拜伦的形象。

误译与漏译。

绝大多数的误译与漏译属于无意识型创造性叛逆。

2023年重庆-中高2023届5月月考语文试题卷一、实用类文本阅读(共20 分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

古生物学是一门古老的学科，已经有两百多年的历史。

历史上如始祖鸟、北京猿人等关键化石的发现都填补了生命演化历史的空白。

如今，新的观测分析手段，给古生物学这样的传统学科注入了新的活力，从原有的以及新发现的化石中挖掘出的大量前所未知的全新信息，让我们逐渐看清远古时代。

传统上，古生物学家通过肉眼、放大镜、光学显微镜、电子显微镜来观察和研究生物化石外表的宏观和微观结构。

但是，生物化石的很大一部分信息量包含在其内部，需要古生物学家通过其他技术手段来揭示。

早在20世纪中叶，就有古生物学家尝试用X光“透视”化石，但简单地使用X光照射，只能取得照射方向上的一点模糊的内部结构信息，要重建各个方向上的全部三维结构信息，就必须使用断层扫描技术，这有点像无损的磨片或切片。

断层扫描（CT）最初在医学和制造业中发展起来，20世纪90年代开始，古生物学家尝试将此技术应用到化石研究中。

由于化石比生物体致密得多，且不同化石的物质成分千差万别，直接套用医用CT机器往往很难达到理想的扫描效果，研发古生物研究专用CT就成为迫切需求。

在这方面，我国走在了国际前列——2008年，古脊椎所与高能物理研究所和自动化所合作研制了全球首套专门应用于古生物化石研究的高精度CT，包括225kV显微工业CT和450kV通用性工业CT，并于2011年投入使用。

这使得古生物学家能够方便、快速、高质量地对不同大小的脊椎动物（含人类）化石及现生生物的内部精细形态和显微结构进行无损检测和重建。

应用这套设备，古生物学家迅速取得了一批重要成果，如古脊椎所朱敏团队对早期有领鱼类内部结构的重建，补充了“从鱼到人”演化史上的关键环节；刘武团队对中国重要人类化石基于CT的研究，定量重建了远古人类的颅内模、内耳骨迷路等精细内部结构。

古代生物死亡后，不同的有机物组分保留的时间长短不一，提供的生物的信息不同，而承载生物体内遗传信息的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA），成为重建古生物演化历史的重要工具。

巴蜀中学2024 届高考适应性月考卷 (五)语文注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效。

3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

满分150分，考试用时 150分钟。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一) 现代文阅读Ⅰ (本题共5小题, 19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。

①你的身体怎么知道什么时候该睡觉?有两大主要因素发挥了决定性的作用。

②第一个因素，是你大脑深处的24小时生物钟发射出的信号。

生物钟会制造出循环的昼夜节律，让你在夜晚和白天的常规时段感到疲倦或清醒。

但它也控制着其他的节奏模式，包括你偏好的饮食时间、你的心情和情绪、核心体温、代谢率，以及多种激素的释放。

很显然，在比赛中打破奥运会纪录的可能性与一天中的时间段有关，这并非巧合。

破纪录的可能性会在人类昼夜节律的自然高峰(下午的早些时候) 达到最大极限。

即使是出生和死亡的时间也证实了昼夜节律的存在，因为维持生命的关键代谢、心血管、体温和激素水平等波动过程，都是由昼夜节律这个生物起搏器所控制的。

③1938年，芝加哥大学的纳塞尼尔·克莱德曼教授与他的研究助理布鲁斯·理查森共同进行了一项较为极端的科学研究。

他们去到肯塔基州的猛犸洞里，这是地球上极深的洞穴之一——事实上，由于过于深邃，它的最深处完全无法探测到阳光渗透。

他们一共在黑暗中度过了32天。

除了积攒了浓密的面部须发外，他们在这个过程中也有了两大突破性的发现。

第一个发现是，人类会在阻绝外界阳光的情况下，形成自己的“内源性”昼夜节律，也就是体内自我生成的节奏。

克莱德曼和理查森都没有随机地醒来和入睡，而是表现出了一种可预测的、重复性的模式，即有较长时间的清醒状态(约 15 个小时)，并伴随有大约9个小时的睡眠。

重庆市第八中学2024届高考适应性月考卷(二)地理注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效。

3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

满分150分，考试用时75分钟。

一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

花卉产业受自然条件、市场需求、保鲜技术、鲜花“版权”(鲜花品种专利权)等多种因素共同影响。

云南的斗南镇位于25°N, 海拔高度为1800米，全年日平均气温多在12℃~22℃之间，种植的鲜花饱满娇艳，花瓣肥厚，仅历经40年的发展，这个无人问津的小镇已成为亚洲第一花卉市场据此完成1~3题。

1.与世界第一花卉市场阿斯米尔(荷兰)相比，斗南镇花卉产业发展的不利因素是A. 劳动力不足B. 生产成本高C. 优良品种少D. 生长周期长2.斗南镇种植的鲜花饱满娇艳，花瓣肥厚的原因是A. 热量充足B. 昼夜温差大C. 土壤肥沃D. 降水丰沛3.在中国传统文化中，牡丹、荷花、梅花、桃花等深受人们喜爱，但在花店中并不是主流花卉，是因为这些花A. 种植范围小B. 折损率更高C. 采摘成本高D. 时令性较强随着大高加索山脉的隆起，里海从地中海分离，分离后的里海演化为咸水湖，但目前湖水盐度远小于地中海的盐度。

图1为“里海所在区域的自然地理环境示意图”,图2为“水循环示意图”。

据此完成4~5题。

4. 大高加索山脉隆起后，图1所示区域自然环境的演变为A. 地中海汇水而积增大B. 黑海东南年温差变小C. 里海流域年降水增多D. 伏尔加河含沙量增大5. 对应图2,导致里海盐度较小的电要环节序号是A.⑤⑥B.③④C.①⑤D.②⑦“一水穿秦岭，天河润关中”2023年7月16日，拥有陕西省“南水北调”工程美誉的“引汉济渭”工程顺利实现通水。

重庆市第八中学校2024届高三下学期高考适应性月考（五）英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解DAY TRIP ITINERARY (行程)After a warm reception from your tour manager at your dedicated pick-up point in London, settle in your comfortable coach as we set off on our journey towards Stonehenge. The world's most famous prehistoric monument has inspired people to study and interpret it for centuries, yet many questions remain to be answered-about who built it, when, and why.After visiting Stonehenge, we drive to Windsor Castle, which is home to royalty and 1,000 years of royal history. The stunning 13-acre site is the largest and oldest occupied, working castle in the world. There are many famous, must-see moments within these spectacular rooms in the castle, like the grand Waterloo Chamber and the magnificent Crimson Drawing Room.In the early evening, we make our way towards London and proceed towards your respective drop off points and bid farewell to all friends you have made on the tour. ESSENTIALS TO CARRY WITH YOUWe recommend you wear comfortable clothing and carry essentials such as a jacket or jumper, dry snacks, water, tissues, chargers, power bank, ete., in your handbag as access to the luggage hold is only possible until a comfort stop or arrival at your destination. Hot foods are not allowed to be carried or consumed inside the coach.PICK-UP POINTSand travelling.1．How many tourist spots will the participants visit?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.2．It is advised to put your essentials in the handbag because _______.A.the luggage hold is inaccessible when the bus is in motionB.they are not allowed to be carried inside the coachC.it's convenient for you to enjoy hot foodsD.drivers are likely to access them3．Where is the text most probably taken from?A.A journal.B.A webpage.C.A travel brochure.D.A magazine.It all started with a simple question："Can I paint your portrait? "One day in the summer of 2015, Peterson was relaxing in his living room, reading the book Love Does, about the power of love in action, when his quiet was disturbed by a homeless man outside his apartment. Inspired by the book's compassionate message, Peterson made a decision：He was going to go outside and introduce himself.In that first conversation, Peterson learned that the man's name was Matt Faris. He'd moved to Southern California from Kentucky to pursue a career in music, but he soon fell on hard times and ended up living on the street for more than a decade. "I saw beauty on the face of a man who hadn't shaved in probably a year, because his story, the life inside of him, inspired me," Peterson recalled. Therefore, Peterson asked if he could paint Faris's portrait. Faris agreed.Peterson's connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on befriending and painting portraits of members of the community who are unhoused. Peterson sells the paintings for money, splitting the proceeds and putting half into a "love account" for his model. He then helps people use the money to get back on their feet.Many of Peterson's new friends use the donations to secure immediate necessities medical care, hotel rooms, food. Faris used the funds from his portrait to record an album, fulfilling his musical dreams. Another subject, Kimberly Sondoval, had never been able to financially support her daughter. She asked, "Can I use the money to pay my daughter's rent? " When the check was delivered, "They both wept in my arms, "Peterson recalls.Peterson has painted 41 of these portraits himself. But there's more to the finished products than the money they bring to someone who's down and out. He's discovered that the buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have otherwise overlooked or stereotyped."People often tell me, 'I was the one that would cross the street, but I see homeless people differently now, ' " Peterson says. "I didn't know that would happen."4．What made Peterson start a conversation?A.The curiosity about strangers.B.The touching story of Matt Faris.C.The disturbance by a homeless man.D.The sympathetic message in Love Does.5．What do we know about Faces of Santa Ana?A.It pays the homeless salaries.B.It is an official nonprofit organization.C.It tries to restore the lives of Peterson's models.D.It spends all the money on helping the unhoused.6．After buying a portrait, a buyer might view the homeless as ______?zy and poorB.odd but inspiringC.disturbing and untidyD.pitiful but respectable7．Which of the following is the best title of this text?A.Art with Purpose: Love Account MattersB.Hope in Paintings: Help Knows No RaceC.Faces of Compassion: Painting a New PerspectiveD.Encounter with Strangers: Embracing New FriendsFilm Puts Justifiable Defense in SpotlightThe film, Article 20, directed by Zhang Yimou, draws its name from Article 20 of the Criminal Law, which focuses on the sometimes controversial legal concept of justifiable defense. Drawing inspiration from real-life cases of justifiable defense, the film gained widespread attention and struck a chord with the public during the Spring Festival holiday. The movie calls for a detailed interpretation of legal terms and urges against compromising on unlawful conduct.According to the Criminal Law, when a person, faced with an unlawful attack, takes action to protect his or her own rights or interests or those of others, and the attacker is thereby harmed, the defender will be considered to have acted in justifiable defense and will not bear criminal responsibility. For some time, justifiable defense has been regarded as a "dormant clause" (沉寂条款) , due to the influence of misconceptions, such as "whoever is injured or killed is right".But the true meaning of the law should be to increase the responsibility for wrongdoers, rather than burdening good people. Recent cases have shown that, for ordinary citizens, justifiable defense is no longer a pipe dream. A high-profile case in Kunshan, Jiangsu province, in 2018 served as a wake-up call and caught the attention of authorities regarding such cases. In that case, a traffic argument led to a motorist who took a knife with him confronting another man.The motorist was killed, and police and judges determined that the defender's actions constituted justifiable defense. Since then, the justifiable defense clause has been applied in several places across the nation. The concern over justifiable defense reflects the public's demand for fairness, justice, security and rule of law.Luo Xiang, a renowned professor of criminal law at China University of Political Science and Law, said in a recent comment about the film Article20 that the public and judges should avoid taking a "godlike" perspective. Instead, they should consider the situation in which the defender was involved, empathize with the defender's position, and stop themselves from making excessive demands on the defender, Luo said.8．Why did the film Article 20 attract the audience's attention?A.It was released during the Spring Festival holiday.B.It is named after one article in the Criminal Law.C.It explores real-life cases of justifiable defense.D.It was directed by Zhang Yimou.9．According to the Criminal Law, the victim will be free from criminal responsibility when ______.A.the victim gave up his legal rightsB.the robber kept silent about the robberyC.the robber was hurt worse than the victimD.the victim knifed the armed robber to stop the ongoing crime10．What is the function of the case in Kunshan in Paragraph 3?A.Making comparisons.B.Listing reasons.C.Explaining misconceptions.D.Providing evidence.11．What does Luo Xiang suggest judges do?A.Take a “godlike” viewpoint with the public.B.Put oneself in the defender's shoes.C.Demand more from the defender.D.Side with the attacker.Researchers have discovered the oldest black hole ever observed, dating from the dawn of the universe, and found that it is "eating" its host galaxy to death.The international team, led by the University of Cambridge, used the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to detect the black hole, which dates from 400 million years after the big bang. The results, which lead author Professor Roberto Maiolino says are "a giant leap forward", are reported in the journal Nature.This surprisingly massive black hole even exists so early in the universe challenges our assumptions about how black holes form and grow. The size of this newly-discovered black hole suggests that they might form in other ways: they might be 'born big' or they can eat matter at a rate that's five times higher than had been thought possible. Like all black holes,According to standard models, supermassive black holes form from the remains of dead stars, which collapse and may form a black hole about a hundred times the mass of the Sun. If it grew in an expected way, this newly-detected black hole would take about a billion years to grow to its observed size. However, the universe was not yet a billion years old when this black hole was detected.The young host galaxy, called GN-z11, is a compact galaxy, about one hundred times smaller than the Milky Way, but the black hole is likely harming its development. When black holes consume too much gas, it pushes the gas away like an ultra-fast wind. This "wind" could stop the process of star formation, slowly killing the galaxy, but it will also kill the black hole itself, as it would cut off the black hole's source of "food".Maiolino says that the gigantic leap forward provided by JWST makes this the most exciting time in his career. "It's a new era: the giant leap is like upgrading from Galileo's telescope to a modern telescope overnight," he said. "The universe has been quite generous in what it's showing us, and this is just the beginning."12．What does the underlined word "devours" mean in Paragraph 3?A.Changes.B.Swallows.C.Observes.D.Forms.13．According to Paragraph 5, why is GN-z11 likely to be harmed?A.Because the host galaxy is too small.B.Because the black hole is killing itself.C.Because the “wind” ceases star formation.D.Because black holes produce too much gas.14．What is Maiolino's attitude to the new discovery about the black hole?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Ambiguous.15．What can we learn from this passage?A.The black hole took a billion years to achieve its size.B.Supermassive black holes are assumed to form overnight.C.The new discovery of the host galaxy is a giant leap forward.D.The host galaxy and the black hole can be destroyed by the "wind".二、七选五16．The Failed New Year's Resolution: Three Tips to Get on Track January is officially over, and many people are taking stock of their progress towards New Year's resolutions. The fact is that you probably haven't kept up with them as much as you hoped. But that's not your fault. ①______.If you feel like you have already failed, here are three tips before you let go.Practice self-compassionMany people talk to themselves in harsh ways when struggling with new habits, believing self-criticism will help them reach their goals. Research shows, however, that the opposite is true. Self-compassion is more effective for personal improvement, especially when facing failure. ②______, try to be kind and gentle with yourself, just as you would with a loved one.③______Resolutions are often phrased as definitive goals. I will exercise daily. I will kick desserts. ④______. But setting all-or-nothing goals can lead to all-or-nothing decisions that one gives up when faced with challenges. In contrast, intentions focus more on your values than specific actions. For example, the resolution "I will exercise daily" may become an intention of "I want to move my body because it feels good." This approach allows for more flexibility when unexpected stress arises.Solve problems by overcoming barriersIf you are struggling to maintain your desired habits, there are evidence-based techniques available to help you. ⑤______. This involves identifying the specific barriers that lead to your quitting something that you want to do. Perhaps you keep forgetting the new habit, or perhaps you don't understand how to do it. Whatever it is, identify the barrier and cope with it specifically.A. Set all-or-nothing goalsB. Change your resolutions into intentionsC. One such skill is called missing links analysisD. Setting specific behavioral goals can be effectiveE. If you're persuaded to give up on your resolutionsF. Old habits tend to die hard, and new habits tend to die easyG. When you are upset about yourself for not keeping resolutions三、完形填空（15空）My son asked me months ago if he could switch from his mainstream high school to aanother learning environment to complete his study. But my heart hurt a little that he wouldThen, we decided the vocational school (职业学校) was an option with the same generalcarry over, and he could graduate early.17．pulsory B.technical C.unprofessional D.academic18．A.heartbroken B.nervous C.angry D.confused19．A.apply B.adapt C.transfer D.talk20．A.ceremony B.moment C.dilemma D.stage21．A.curriculum B.wellbeing C.friendship D.decision22．A.bald B.generous C.straightforward D.shy23．A.anxiety B.conduct C.responsibility D.awareness24．A.studied B.canceled C.required D.banned25．A.credits B.subjects C.medals D.reputations26．A.graduate B.worsen C.thrive D.suffer27．A.formed B.understood C.abandoned D.remembered28．A.got away B.made up C.lined up D.got along29．A.crying B.murmuring plaining D.smiling30．A.oversell B.learn C.share D.predict31．A.affordable B.suitable C.available D.sensible四、短文填空32．While there is growing consumer ①______ (realize) of the environmental impact of fast fashion, can the same be said about fast furniture? The chairs and tables that fill many of our homes and everyday spaces are manufactured on a mass scale, and the cheaper items often end up ②______ landfills.According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , in 2020 over 12 million tons of furniture ③______ (throw) out in America and some into the forest illegally. Buying furniture can be ④______ (incredible) expensive. Many of us switch over to cheaper, instant brands like IKEA, ⑤______ manufacturers use materials harder to recycle, which is likely to damage the environment.With growing calls for sustainability, many brands are announcing to change though it remains ⑥______ (see) whether they will keep these promises. In ⑦______ (it) current sustainability strategy, IKEA commits itself to using only recyclable materials in all its products in an effort to practice "circular" design and cut emissions to net-zero. The concept of circular design ⑧______ (win) increasing concern up to now. In ⑨______ circular system, furniture products would be designed to last longer and be fully recyclable, thus forming a ⑩______ (close) loop (环) .五、书面表达33．假定你是高三学生李华。

语文试重庆八中2024——2025学年度（上）高三年级入学适应性训练题注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。

2.每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效。

3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

满分150分，考试用时150分钟。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。

在中国科学史上，数学历来是人们关注的重点之一。

这是由于，在中国古代，数学和天文学，医学等学科一样，取得过辉煌的成就，为世界文明的发展做出了应有的贡献。

数学在古代社会具有很重要的地位。

人们以仰视的角度看待数学家的活动，甚至以神话的方式渲染数学家的技艺，赞颂数学家的成就。

中国古代数学的发展，应该起步于对数的认识和记数方法的形成。

在古代中国，数字的产生究竟始于何时，现在无从考证。

可以肯定的是，在传说中的“结绳记事”年代，古人已经有了数的概念，其对应的时期应该在文明产生之前。

现在的问题是我们无法找到明确的考古依据，以此确定其具体年代。

在目前已知的古代遗存当中，半坡遗址一些器物上的刻画符号，很可能与数字有关，但那也只是今天人们的一种猜测。

现在我们可以肯定的是，在殷墟出土的商代甲骨文中，已经出现了数字的具体记录，包括从一到十以及百、千、万，最大的数字是三万。

从这些数字中，可以看出古人的记数法——十进位值制。

十进位值制这种记数法的发明，是古代中国人对世界文明发展的一大贡献。

与发明十进位值制记数方法相应的是，古代中国人还发明了一种十分重要的计算方法——筹算。

筹算完成于春秋战国时期，是以算筹作工具的一种数学计算方法。

根据《汉书·律历志》的记载，算筹是一种长六寸、直径一分的小圆竹棍。

古人在用算筹表示1-9九个数字时，有纵横两种摆法，为减少算筹使用，其中6-9这四个数字则以上方摆一个纵横相反的算筹代替五个算筹。

重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期高考适应性月考卷（三）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解One-to-one English tutoring personalised to youEnglish Score Tutors is the British Council's one-to-one tutoring platform for 13-to 17-year-olds.●Build your confidence with fun sessions where you can learn at your own pace.●Find the perfect . tutor for you ——choose from our list of qualified tutors.●Study when you want, with sessions available 24/7.●Improve with personalised sessions designed around you and your goals.Learn at your own paceWe. understand everyone has their own ways of learning. Sessions on English Score Tutors are personalised to your level, needs and goals. Together with your chosen tutor, you will create a learning plan that focuses on the areas important to you.Our tutors will get the best from you because each session is tailored to you as an individual. Your sessions will be enjoyable and give you plenty of time to practise speaking.Flexible learningChoose sessions at times that suit you. Fit them in around school, weekend activities and holidays, so that you can learn when you want to. You will get access to a personalised dashboard to keep track of your progress any time.$1 introduction sessionWe offer a 30-minute introduction session where you can choose a tutor and get a feel for how sessions will work. After this introductory session, you can decide if you would like to purchase a pack of lessons to continue learning. Try your first session for just $1.●Choose a tutor that you would like to study with.●Understand your current language level and areas where you can improve.●Get a personalised learning plan.1．Who might attend English Score Tutors classes?A．A preschool child.B．A university student.C．A middle-school student.D．A working woman.2．What can you do to understand how the sessions work?A．Call the information centre.B．Write a letter of inquiry.C．Send an email to ask.D．Buy an introduction session.3．Which column of a website is this text probably taken from?A．Take an Exam.B．UK-China Youth Exchange Program.C．Learn English Online.D．Our Work in Arts.Between flights, as I sat in the Denver airport, a young man approached me. He tilted (倾斜) his head toward the chair next to mine, then toward my suitcase blocking the chair. There were many open seats. Why this one? I thought. When he sat, I noticed the markings on his bag and his faded uniform. I asked. He nodded. I bowed my head slightly. Then he asked where I was headed.“Home.”Hands on his knees, he told me he was on vacation and was going home to surprise his mother. I asked how long it had been since he’d seen her (five years). I asked what he was looking forward to at home(a shower). He scanned the room cautiously as he talked. When he looked at me, his eyes kept no distance. He seemed to want something from me. I could not tell what it was.He said it was hard to stop scanning for danger. Yesterday, he’d been in the desert. Fellow soldiers had been blown into pieces around him. Today, he was in an airport trying to understand anger over flight delays and the rush for coffee. He didn’t know how to be, here in this place.I thought maybe I understood. One evening after spending hours with a friend who just lost her son, I went to my daughter’s performance. In the crowded lobby, mothers complained about their seats and bemoaned other small slights, but only compassion made sense to me. I felt disoriented, distant. I told the soldier about this. He breathed deeply and showed a small smile.He’d seen the raw and unbearable. But he did not know how to tell us. This was what he needed from me, I realized. He did not want the seat beside mine. He wanted to sit with me.I did not know his name, how his surprise would turn out, how long his tour of dutywould last. We sat together until our flights were called and then said goodbye, two strangers heading home.4．How did the author feel when the soldier approached him?A．Angry. B．Confused.C．Respectful.D．Joyful.5．Why did the man keep scanning the room?A．He attempted to find a coffee shop.B．He formed the habit of staying alert.C．He was distractedD．He was checking6．What does the word “bemoaned” mean in paragraph 5?A．Showed respect for.B．Added fuel to.C．Expressed dissatisfaction with.D．Took pride in.7．What did the soldier really want?A．My support for the soldiers.B．My knowledge of the cruelty of war.C．A chance to get away from the battlefield.D．A brief sense of securitySince 2001, robotic tools have revolutionized the practice of surgery. They have greatly reduced the stress and physical demands normally placed on surgeons and have made certain procedures possible.One example is “keyhole surgery”, or minimally invasive (微创) surgery, which normally requires surgeons to stand at awkward angles and make difficult movements with their hands to make a cut inside the patient. But in June 2022, surgeon James Ansell used 3D glasses and two sticks to control four robotic arms to perform a procedure to remove a cancerous tumor. “My colleague said... that this feels like cheating,” Ansell said to The Guardian.Another area of surgery that has had major technological breakthroughs in recent years is telesurgery. Normally, telesurgery relies on a wired connection due to concerns of harming the patient should a wireless connection drop during surgery, but China made several advancements in wireless telesurgery based on 5G technology.China achieved the first 5G-based remote operation in March 2019 involving a brain surgery procedure between a surgeon in Sanya and a patient in Beijing, a distance totaling nearly 3,000 kilometers. More recently, a team of surgeons successfully completed remote micron-level eye surgery on rabbits located in a different city. The rabbits were at the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhbù, Guangdon g province, whereas the surgical team who operated on them via a 5G robot were at the Hainan Eye Hospital in Haikou, Hainan province.Looking to the future, people hope that remote surgery could become commonplace to help heal injured soldiers on the battlefield while keeping surgeons at a safe distance. Some even believe that robotic systems, combined with AI, could one day exceed human surgeons.But, given current technological limitations and the high costs of these robots which can cost millions of dollars, the complete robot takeover of surgery may still be a while off. 8．What does the “keyhole surgery” example intend to show?A．Great complexity of robotic surgery.B．Physical challenges surgeons face.C．Surgical progress enabled by robotic tools.D．Urgent need for advanced 3D technology.9．What significant achievement did China make in the field of telesurgery?A．Achieving remote surgery using a wired connection.B．Completing successfully remote eye surgery on humans.C．Conducting a 5G-based remote operation on rabbits overseas.D．Performing the first wireless brain surgery with 5G technology.10．What can be inferred from the text about robots in the medical field?A．They are quite affordable.B．They are currently in high demand.C．They have not been widely used.D．They have gone beyond human capabilities.11．What is a suitable title for the text?A．Robotic Surgery Uses 5G TechnologyB．Keyhole Surgery Benefits Human BeingsC．Autonomous Robot Achieves Great ProgressD．Medical Robotics Revolutionizes Surgery Method2500 years ago, Socrates (苏格拉底) complained that writing would harm students.Today a different heated debate is ongoing about the dangers of another technology —computers — and the typing people do on them. As primary-school pupils and PhD hopefuls return for a new school year in the northern hemisphere, many will do so with a greater-than-ever reliance on computers to take notes and write papers. Some parents of younger students are frustrated that their children are not just encouraged but required to carry laptops to class. Lot s of teachers complain of uncontrolled distraction in classrooms, with students reading and messaging instead of listening to lectures.A line of research shows the benefits of an “innovation” prior to computers: hand-writing. Studies have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to facilitating a better conceptual grasp of complicated ideas. For learning material by rote, from the shapes of letters to the quirks of English spelling, the benefits of using a pen or pencil lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material. The arrangement of squiggles (不规则的曲线) on a page feeds into visual memory: people might remember a word they wrote down in French class as being at the bottom-left on a page, for example.Another one of the best-demonstrated advantages of writing by hand seems to be in superior note-taking. In a study from 2014 by Pam Mueller and Danny Oppenheimer, students typing wrote down almost twice as many words and more passages word for word from lectures, suggesting they were not understanding so much as rapidly copying the material. Hand-writing, which takes longer for nearly all university-level students, forces note-takers to synthesize ideas into their own words. This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing. Besides, those taking notes by hand also perform better on tests when students are later able to study from their notes.Socrates may or may not have had a point about the downsides of writing. But no one would remember, or much less care, if his student Plato had not noted his teachings down for the benefit of later generations.12．Why do teachers complain?A．Because students carry laptops to class.B．Because students cause distraction in class.C．Because students are not focused in class.D．Because students are suffering from sight loss.13．How does hand-writing benefit students?A．It makes students understand concepts better.B．It helps students develop better imagination.C．It improves students’ writing ability.D．It saves students’ note-taking time.14．What is the author’s attitude to hand-writing?A．Supportive.B．Disapproving.C．Neutral.D．Indifferent. 15．What is the main idea of the passage?A．In an age of typing handwriting still mattersB．Handwriting helps studentsC．Handwriting has big advantages over typingD．Making the handwriting二、七选五How to Remember the FutureOne of the trickiest recall tasks is called prospective memory: remembering what you want or need to do, in time to do it. 16 A thought occurs, we resolve to act on it “soon” and then, when the time comes, the idea’s gone.Diaries and alarms help, but your imagination plays a vital role in holding onto brief thoughts and keeping you in control of your future plans. For example, don’t just have an idea about going to the bank. 17 Perhaps you’re leaving the bank loaded with shiny gold bars.But that’s only the beginning. This process allows you to do much more than just reminding yourself to do things. 18 Then, create a vivid “memory” of how you’d like it to go, and crucially, how you’d like to feel. Creating “memories” like this gives you time to think about practical arrangements and spot any problems before they arise. A part of your brain will still be processing the details even when you’re thinking about other things.Here are some tips:●Experiment to see if you prefer viewing this “mental movie” through your own eyes, or by watching yourself from someone else’s point of view.● 19 Fast forward any parts you find easy, and go in slow motion for the bits that need extra work.●Use your full range of senses. 20A．Control the time frame.B．Minimize all the feelings.C．You can use it to do them better so try it now.D．Engaging them all will create a rich, multi-dimensional memory.E．Paint a mental picture of yourself there and actively make it memorable.F．Pick an important event around the corner: a driving test or a public speech.G．The reason it often fails is that we have an idea in mind but don’t make it into a memory.三、完形填空Scott Macaulay has been cooking Thanksgiving dinner in his hometown, Melrose, Massachusetts, for the past 33 years in a row.“One year, a man who’d just lost his wife put on her apron.” Macaulay said. “That’s what this is all about. It’s not about the food. It’s about35 .21．A．tiredness B．openness C．togetherness D．mindfulness 22．A．grew B．worked C．began D．ran 23．A．deprived of B．opposed to C．accustomed to D．faced with 24．A．activities B．circumstances C．areas D．categories 25．A．advertisement B．sign C．list D．notice 26．A．invitations B．details C．donations D．suggestions 27．A．observe B．plan C．host D．witness 28．A．sorry B．sad C．rich D．right 29．A．real B．delicious C．traditional D．great 30．A．keep it up B．do it up C．pack it up D．tidy it up 31．A．walked B．gathered C．lived D．looked 32．A．affordable B．annual C．international D．upcoming 33．A．teaching B．encouraging C．persuading D．warning 34．A．finds B．follows C．feeds D．represents 35．A．secretly B．randomly C．independently D．indirectly四、用单词的适当形式完成短文being released by independent vloggers on Douyin, China’s equivalent to TikTok.五、邀请信46．假定你是国际学校广播站英语栏目“Nature is speaking”负责人李华。

重庆市第八中学2023届高考适应性月考卷（六）语文参考答案1.（3分）B 【解析】A错误，根据材料二，海外受众选择性接触和对抗式解读是由“趋异”的传播策略造成的；C错误，根据材料三，只注重价值宣传，忽略了艺术规律是主旋律电影发展的重要症结；D错误，根据材料一，能对世界文明贡献力量的是中国古代思想传统中有益的部分。

2.（3分）B 【解析】A错误，根据材料一，君子礼序、人伦和合、大同理想只是可信、可爱、可敬的一种体现，不能等同；C错误，根据材料二，强加因果，海外受众对中国的“他者意识”也是宣传策略不当的结果；D错误，从材料三中，我们无法获知中外受众是否更喜欢取材于日常生活的影视题材作品。

3.（3分）D 【解析】D项错误，结合材料一，对“家”的因素模糊处理与“人伦和合”有冲突。

4.（4分）①国家的发展需要形成同国家综合国力和国际地位相匹配的国际话语权；②中华文明能对世界文明发展做出贡献；③目前我们在对外讲好中国故事中还存在一系列问题；④西方媒体持续对中国进行污名化、妖魔化，需要改善我国形象。

5.（6分）①要以展现现代中国的可信、可爱、可敬为前提，不能为了数据流量，而迎合海外受众对中国的刻板印象；②要以增进海外互相理解为目标，具备受众意识和精准传播自觉，以海外观众能理解的方式表现中国文化；③要尊重艺术规律，注意电视剧的叙事与人物的塑造。

6.（3分）C 【解析】原因分析错误。

7.（3分）D 【解析】错误选项，情感氛围并非一直压抑沉闷。

8.（4分）①句式上，多个“它”形成反复、排比，加强语势，更加突出这种力量的影响之大。

②人物形象上，作者在“风雨”中依然能感受“它”的力量，突出了自己在困苦中绝不麻木的形象。

语文参考答案·第1页（共4页）③结构上，承上启下，承接上文在阴霾气压下仍能看见光明的描写，引起下文作者对朋友的回忆，友人们的“安慰与光荣”也正是作者力量的重要来源。

④情感基调上，“它”的反复使用，使文章没有一直处于一种阴郁的氛围中，而在风雨中感受到了比无愁的青春更加刻骨铭心的力量，情感更加昂扬积极。

重庆市巴蜀中学2025届高三高考适应性月考（一）语文试题注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效。

3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

满分150分，考试用时150分钟。

一、现代文阅读 (35分)(一) 现代文阅读Ⅰ (本题共5 小题, 18分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。

材料一：许多人家的中堂里，供奉着“天地君亲师”的大牌位。

天地代表生命的本源。

亲是祖先的意思，祖先是家族的本源。

君师是政教的本源。

人情不能忘本，所以供奉着这些。

荀子称这些为礼的三本。

儒家所称道的礼，包括政治制度、宗教仪式、社会风俗习惯等等。

儒家有拿礼来包罗万象的野心，他们认为礼是治乱的根本，即礼治主义。

怎样叫做礼治呢? 儒家说初有人的时候，各人有各人的欲望，各人都要满足自己的欲望，没有界限，没有分际，大家就争起来了。

于是渐渐就定出礼来，大家按着贵贱的等级，长幼的次序，各人得着自己该得的一份儿，各人也做着自己该做的一份儿。

这种礼，建立起社会的秩序，可以说是政治制度。

天生万物，是个很古的信仰。

这个天是上帝，管生杀，管赏罚。

在地上的代表，便是天子。

天子祭天，和子孙祭祖先一样。

地生万物是个事实。

人都靠着地里长的活着，地里长的不够了，便闹饥荒：地的力量自然也引起了信仰。

天子诸侯祭社稷，祭山川，都是这个来由。

最普遍的还是祖先的信仰。

按儒家说，这些信仰都是“报本返始”的意思，庆幸生命的延续，追念本源，感恩怀德。

但是这里面怕不单是怀德，还有畏威的成分。

这种礼，大部分可以说是宗教仪式。

日常生活都需要秩序和规矩。

居丧、婚姻、宴会等大事，各有一套程序，不能随便马虎过去，这样是表示郑重，也便是表示敬意和诚心。

至于对人、事君、事父母、待兄弟姊妹、待子女，以及夫妇、朋友之间，也都自有一番道理。

重庆市巴蜀中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考语文试卷一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）1．（19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。

材料一：丹江口水库位于长江最长的支流——汉江的中上游，它横跨河南、湖北两省，库区主要分布于湖北省丹江口市和河南省南阳市淅川县境内。

南水北调中线工程就是从这里出发，跨越长江、黄河、淮河和海河四大流域，一路北上，最终来到北京市颐和园团城湖。

中线工程与多条大河存在交叉，这时就需要用到渡槽或隧洞。

渡槽又被称为①，是输送水流跨越河流、溪谷、洼地和道路时常用的方式，人们形象地将它比喻成为水修建的“高速公路”。

渡槽历史悠久，古代中东、南亚和希腊文明都修建过这类建筑，构成古罗马庞大引水工程的渡槽更是声名显赫，而在我国古代，渡槽还有个名字，叫“飞渠”。

南水北调中线工程的水，从丹江口水库出发后以最高420立方米/秒的流量向北奔涌而去，迅猛的水流给渡槽的强度带来了极大挑战。

水利工程师设计了一种②是U形的渡槽，它的底部圆滑，水流作用在上面的力会均匀分散开，这样即使不加厚溏槽，也能达到较高的结构强度，降低了成本。

在南水北调中线工程中，一些跨度大、流量大的位置，就使用了这样的U形渡槽，沙河渡槽就是其中的代表。

沙河渡槽位于河南省平顶山市，长9075米，由跨越沙河的梁式渡槽、沙河和大浪河之间的箱基渡槽、跨越大浪河的梁式渡槽、大浪河到鲁山坡的箱基渡槽。

以及鲁山坡的落地渡槽组成。

其中沙河上方的梁式渡槽长1440米，由4组③的U形单槽组成，每个单槽直径8米，净高7.4米。

这些U形渡槽在工厂中预制生产，为了把它们运到施工现场，工程师采取了“槽上运槽”的方案，也就是在已经安装好的渡槽顶部架设轨道，运送渡槽的运槽车沿着轨道行驶到指定位置。

这是世界上首次用这种方法建造渡槽。

架设渡槽时，运槽车缓慢行驶到有两台龙门吊的架槽机下方，龙门吊将渡槽向上提起100毫米，然后架槽机带着渡槽整体向前移动，到达架设渡槽的位置。

语文试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效。

3．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

满分150分，考试用时150分钟。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。

材料一：论权力的人可以分成两派：一派是偏重在社会冲突的一方面，另一派是偏重在社会合作的一方面。

从社会冲突一方面着眼的，权力表现在社会不同团体或阶层间主从的形态里。

在上的是握有权力的，他们利用权力去支配在下的，以他们的意志去驱使被支配者的行动。

权力，依这种观点说，是冲突过程的持续，是一种休战状态中的临时平衡。

冲突的性质并没有消弭，但是武力的阶段过去了，被支配的一方已认了输，屈服了。

但是他们并没有甘心接受胜利者所规定下的条件，非心服也。

于是两方面的关系中发生了权力。

权力是维持这关系所必需的手段，它是压迫性质的，是上下之别。

——这种权力我们不妨称之为横暴权力。

从社会合作一方面着眼的，却看到权力的另一性质。

社会分工的结果每个人都不能“不求人”而生活。

分工对于每个人都是有利的，因为这是经济的基础，人可以较少劳力得到较多收获；人靠了分工，减轻了生活担子，增加了享受。

享受固然是人所乐从的，但贪了这种便宜，每个人都不能自足了，不能独善其身，不能不管“闲事”，因为如果别人不好好地安于其位地做他所分的工作，就会影响自己的生活。

这时，为了自己，不能不干涉人家了。

同样地，自己如果不尽其分，也会影响人家，受着人家的干涉。

这样发生了权利和义务，从干涉别人一方面说是权利，从自己接受人家的干涉一方面说是义务。

没有人可以“任意”依自己高兴去做自己想做的事，而得遵守着大家同意分配的工作。

可是这有什么保障呢？如果有人不遵守怎么办呢？这里发生共同授予的权力了。

重庆八中2023—2024学年上期初三年级第一学月考试语文试题一、语文知识与运用（30分）学校开展“秋日剪影”主题活动，小语从古诗词中概括出了“秋日六景”，并写下一段秋思短文，请你帮助完成下列任务。

【任务一】写秋景山涧．（①）秋月草木摇落寒chán（②）凄切荷叶憔cuì（③）江枫渔火斜阳吹．（④）烟1.补全秋景中空白的拼音、汉字。

（4分）①_________ ②_________ ③_________ ④_________【任务二】抒秋思那年秋天，周围农村收成好。

①随着夏季的余热散尽，大地开始回归宁静，凉爽的秋意笼罩着每个角落。

②无声的秋风四处飘荡，使得平整的路面扬起尘土。

③道路两旁，金黄的菊花热烈绽放，株株银桂散发出阵阵幽香和迷人色彩。

④甘蔗熟了，饱满的紫红色向匆匆过客们宣告着秋日的来临。

家院的绳索上，晾满了簇新．．的被褥冬衣；田地里，孩童们围着灰绿的干草堆追逐嬉戏，孜孜不倦．．．．。

在那苍．茫．的暮色里，屋舍间炊烟袅袅，橘色的月亮扁而大。

往年秋天的喧嚷，在今秋荡然无存．．．．．了。

2.语段中加点词语使用有误的一项是（）（3分）A.簇新B.孜孜不倦C.苍茫D.荡然无存3.语段中画线句子有语病的一句是（）（3分）A.①B.②C.③D. ④【任务三】绘秋色4.小文想从【任务一】中的“秋日六景”中任选一景，用富有诗意的文字描绘出一幅“秋日斑斓图”，请帮他完成。

（注意色彩．．，至少使用一种修辞手法）（4分）．．搭配_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.请根据《艾青诗选》完成下题。

（8分）（1）下面选项中说法不正确的是（）（3分）,A.艾青在表现“土地”的意象和主题时，多用灰黄紫的色调和暗淡的光；而在表现“太阳”的主题时，又常常采用通红、金色的色调和强烈、明洁的光。

语文试卷注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效。

3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

满分150分，考试用时150分钟。

一、现代文阅读 (35分)(一) 现代文阅读Ⅰ (本题共5 小题, 19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。

“以文为词”是后人对辛弃疾的重要评价，相关研究已非常深入。

学者普遍注意到辛弃疾词具有熔铸经史、善发议论、融入散文章法句法等特点。

不过据笔者管见，对辛词与四六文的关系似乎研究不多。

辛弃疾虽以词最为著名，但其实著述颇多，诸体兼备。

只可惜其《稼轩集》早佚，文章留存有限。

今所见者，散文有大名鼎鼎的《美芹十论》《九议》，骈文则有《贺叶留守启》《新居上梁文》等数篇。

骈体文章，宋人通称为“四六”。

宋代骈散分流，散体多用以著述，骈体多施于朝廷文书及士人交际日用。

南宋时期，骈体书启的写作日益普遍，诸家文集多有留存。

辛弃疾的四六文创作亦应不少，而且享有一定的时誉，一些篇章被纳入选本，一些名句亦为他人借鉴。

今存四六虽不多，但章句文辞颇耐细品。

如《新居上梁文》云：“青山屋上，古木千章；白水田头，新荷十顷。

亦将东阡西陌，混渔樵以交欢；稚子佳人，共团栾而一笑。

”想象新居落成后的优美风景和居处其中的悠然生活，骈对工稳，文气秀逸。

这篇《新居上梁文》既体现了辛弃疾以四六法为文的特点，还体现出辛弃疾化用前人成句的做法。

文中有云：“望物外逍遥之趣，吾亦爱吾庐；语人间奔竞之流，卿自用卿法。

”“吾亦爱吾庐”是陶渊明《读山海经》中的句子，“卿自用卿法”乃《世说新语》中庾敳对王衍说过的话。

二者放在一起，不但是天然佳对，而且鲜明展现出辛弃疾对隐逸生活的向往与对官场奔竞的蔑视，算得上四六文中的俊句。

此种化用前人成句的做法，正是辛弃疾词中的拿手好戏。

重庆八中2025届高三适应性月考卷二语文试卷注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效。

3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

满分150分，考试用时150分钟。

一、现代文阅读 (35分)(一) 现代文阅读Ⅰ (本题共5 小题, 19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。

明朝后期开始，随着大批传教士、商人和使者来到中国，中西关系进入较大规模的实质性接触和交往的新时期。

其中传教士的活动尤其引人注目。

他们大多长期居留中国，遵循“知识传教”的方针，极力向中国人介绍西方文化，特别是对中国人吸引力较大的早期近代科技知识。

同时，他们又将源远流长的中华文化介绍到欧洲，内容以哲学、文学、历史为主，也包括造纸、印刷、农艺、医药等科技知识。

可以说，西方传教士来华的初衷，本是在这片古老的大地上传播基督的“福音”，但客观上却在中西之间架起一道相互认识和了解的桥梁。

明清时期相继来华的传教士数量很多，论其知名度之高、影响力之大，无出意大利籍耶稣会士利玛窦之右者。

自万历十年 (1582年) 抵达澳门，到万历三十八年 (1610年) 在北京病逝，利玛窦在中国生活了28年时间。

他交游广泛，上至王公贵族，下至黎民庶人，几乎包括了当时中国各界的知名人物，为中国人直观了解西方的风俗习惯和新奇事物打开了一个窗口。

他勤奋工作，笔耕不辍，用中文单独或合作撰译著作近20种，如《天主实义》《几何原本》《浑盖通宪图说》《同文算指》等，极力向中国人传授西方的知识和理念。

毫不夸张地说，在塑造中国早期的“欧洲观”方面，利玛窦发挥了决定性的作用。

与以前相比，晚明中国人对欧洲的认识和理解，在深度和广度上都大大超过了以往。

当时文献中提到欧洲的文字，较前大大增加。

在致德·法比神父的一封信中，利玛窦谈到：“目前中国人在许多书中涉及到我们欧洲的种种，虽然其中有不少夸大不实的记载，但显示出了他们对欧洲地理知识、科学知识的兴趣以及认识上的突破……”而这些记载和突破的产生，十之七八系因利玛窦而起。

重庆市八中2022-2023学年高三下学期高考适应性月考卷（六）语文试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、非连续性文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一：国家的发展需要形成同国家综合国力和国际地位相匹配的国际话语权。

中国的发展，不仅体现为物质财富的增加、经济格局的重塑，而且也必然意味着文化事业的繁荣兴盛、文明传播力影响力的与日俱增。

增强中华文明传播力影响力，深化文明交流互鉴，推动中华文化更好走向世界，是建设社会主义文化强国的重要内容。

党的二十大报告提出：“加快构建中国话语和中国叙事体系，讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音，展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。

”其中，“可信”展示的是中国的公信力，“可爱”展示的是中国的温润度，“可敬”展示的是中国的责任感，这些都是中华文明数千年沉淀下的文化特质。

君子礼序背后的可信，人伦和合背后的可爱，大同理想背后的可敬，是中华文明不间断传承的重要原因。

中华文明的丰富哲学思想、人文精神、道德理念等，可以为人们认识和改造世界提供有益启迪。

增强中华文明传播力影响力，有助于促进和而不同、兼收并蓄的文明交流，为世界文明的发展作出自己的贡献。

——摘编自《展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象——增强文化自信，建设文化强国》材料二：在相当长的一段时间里，我国在开展国际传播工作时面临两方面的困境：有时候，过于“趋异”，表现出以本国叙事和本国话语为中心，导致传播的预期与效果之间呈现出较大偏差；有时候，又倾向于“趋同”，有意无意地迎合西方话语和西方偏好，缺乏国际传播话语体系的主体构建。

“趋异”所造成的传播效果偏差，既源于中国文化和中华文明的独特性，也由于我国的国际传播工作在一段时间内缺乏受众意识和精准传播自觉。

这在一定程度上导致在传播方式和传播内容方面，国际受众往往处于没听过、听不懂、不认同的状态。

一些国际传播内容非但没有增进中西方之间的认知和理解，还在一定程度上强化了海外受众对中国文化的“他者意识”。

重庆市第八中学校2024届高三下学期4月模拟预测语文一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，18分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一：①2016年，“后真相”被《牛津词典》选为年度热词。

“后真相”的释义为：诉诸情感和个人的信念要比客观事实对形塑公众舆论的作用更大。

很多学者把它与社交媒体和个性化推荐技术联系起来，认为社交媒体使用者不经查证分享来路不明的内容，推动了假新闻的泛滥；同时社交媒体所使用的算法技术，导致了“过滤气泡”效应，使公众更不易接触到与自己想法相左的信息，加剧了群体偏见。

②“过滤气泡”最早由互联网活动家帕里泽提出。

他发现两个人使用同一搜索引擎检索同一词语，得到的结果页面可能完全不同；不同政治立场的人浏览同一个新闻事件，看到的新闻倾向也可能完全不同。

比如2010年发生了令人震惊的英国石油公司墨西哥湾漏油事件，帕里泽委托两位住在北部并且受教育程度相似的朋友在同一搜索引擎上搜索有关的消息。

一位获得了该公司深水地平线漏油事件的信息，另一位获得的却是关于该公司的投资信息。

由此可见，在互联网时代，搜索引擎可以精准掌握用户偏好，为用户过滤掉异质信息，打造个性化的信息世界。

但与之同时，信息和观念的“隔离墙”也会筑起，令用户身处在一个“网络泡泡”的环境中，阻碍多元化观点的交流。

帕里泽将此称为“过滤气泡”。

③尽管“过滤气泡”受到高度关注，但事实上仍属于“新瓶装旧酒”。

早在十多年前，有关“信息茧房”“回音室效应”“协同过滤”等问题已经引起了学界的广泛讨论。

传播学家桑斯坦认为，信息的协同过滤会造成信息窄化，使群体成员倾向于加强与本群体的联系，忽略同外部世界或者其他群体进行信息交流，导致群内同质、群际异质现象，促使“信息茧房”的产生。

处于“信息茧房”之中的公众有如“把自己封闭在自我设计的回音室里，每个人听到的只是自己的回音，相同的意见会不断被重复，异质的观点会被过滤掉，这无异是一个作茧自缚的过程”。

重庆市第八中学2021-2022学年高一下学期第一次月考试题及答案语文统编版高一必修下重庆八中高2024级高一（下）第一次月考语文试题本试卷共8页，24小题，满分150分。

考试用时150分钟。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一：《庄子》中既描写了一些具有理想人格的“圣人”“神人”“至人”，也描写了一群肢体畸形残缺但精神高尚的人，这充分说明庄子重视内在美而轻视外在美。

庄子的这种思想与孔子提出的“文质彬彬”（即外在与内在合一）的思想不同。

于是，中国美学史上形成了两种不同的审美观。

庄子认为完善内在精神需具备两个条件。

第一，“法天贵真”。

《渔父》中，孔子问渔父“何谓真？”渔父回答：“真者，精诚之至也。

……真在内者，神动于外，是所以贵真也。

”“真”根植于人的内心，是内在的修养。

具有真性之人，才有绝尘脱俗之神态。

庄子在《渔父》中说：“真者，所以受于天也，自然不可易也。

故圣人法天贵真，不拘于俗。

愚者反此。

”这是对“真”的含义的准确阐释。

庄子认为追求完善的内在修养必备的基础条件就是“真”。

“真”就是禀自然之本性，保持自然赋予的各种美德，做到淡泊无为、清心寡欲。

《田子方》中写了这样一位画师，他观摩宋元公作画去晚了，无法就近观摩，就回到住处，“解衣般礴赢”（解开衣服，裸露身体，交叉着腿坐着）。

这位画师的行为是人之自然禀性的流露，也无怪乎庄子借宋元公之口称赞他：“可矣，是真画者也。

”可见，要做到“真”，就要拒绝世俗之礼，以自然为宗，还淳返朴，与天地合德。

庄子对人之真性的提倡，从哲学的角度看，具有人性解放的意义；从文学的角度看，则掀起了一种新的文学思潮。

第二，“德”。

庄于在《人间世》与《德充符》中描写了一群肢体畸形残缺、外貌丑陋之人，如支离疏、兀者王骀、兀者申徒嘉、叔山无趾、哀骀它等。

这类人虽然外形残缺丑陋，却有吸引人的魅力。

“其为人也真，人貌而天虚，缘而葆真，清而容物。

重庆市第八中学20202021学年高一语文上学期第一次月考试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

文字是文明发展的载体，记录了一个国家和民族的历史发展进程与经验教训。

古人说，欲灭其国者，必先灭其史。

同样，如果一个国家和民族的文字消亡了，其文明发展的根基也就动摇了。

汉字是中华优秀传统文化能够代代相传并不断繁荣发展的根基。

传承中华优秀传统文化、建设社会主义文化强国，应将汉字教育作为凝神聚力、铸魂固本的战略工程。

清末民初以来，在日本“脱亚入欧”的影响下，中国一些知识分子对中华文化的根基——汉字产生了怀疑。

“汉字落后”论者认为“汉字不灭，中国必亡”，声称汉字的出路在于“拉丁化”；“汉字难学”论者主张汉字“拼音化”与“简化”；“儿童识字有害”论者主张放弃汉字教育。

这些论调在近几十年仍有一定市场，比如20世纪80年代，有人就认为“计算机是汉字的掘墓人”。

当前，汉字教育在实践中遇到的问题主要来自两个方面。

一是面临外语教育的挑战。

现在，英语是学生的必修课，学习英语在一些人看来可以改变命运。

受这种价值观影响，在汉语与英语之间，一些人更重视学习英语，这直接冲击与削弱了汉字教育。

二是面临信息化的挑战。

随着信息化的迅猛发展，人们通过敲击键盘输入汉字的场合越来越多、越来越便捷；在古人眼中曼妙婀娜、形神兼备的汉字，现在变成了电脑键盘、屏幕上字母组合的产物。

在日常工作生活中，书写汉字的机会在变少，提笔忘字的时候在增多。

从这些角度来说，汉字面临危机绝不是危言耸听。

因此，汉字教育，势在必行。