定语从句
请看下面的句子：
I want to know the boy who is the tallest.
（一）概念:
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
（二）定语从句的分类
Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。
e.g:This is the book that/which I want.
Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
e.g:Mr. Green，who is watching TV，is my uncle.
（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词关系词定语从句
关系代词关系副词
which, who, whom,
whose, that where, when, why
（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一
（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）
Mary is a girl.
合并为一个句子
She has long hair.
思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.
请把下列句子二句合一
1. I saw the man.He closed the door
2.The girl is happy. She won the race
3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen
（五）定语从句关系词的确定:
● a.先行词的分类
● b.先行词在从句中充当的成分
1.先行词做主语人：who/that
物：which/that
2.先行词做宾语人：who/whom/that
物：which/that
3.先行词做定语人：whose
物：whose/of which 4.先行词做状语：w h e n,w h e r e,w h y
●who, whom, whose, that用法区别.
●who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并
●Whom /that作定语从句的宾语
The woman（whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
分解The woman is a teacher.
注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.
●whose 作定语从句的定语.
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
分解I know the girl.
The girl’s mother is a teacher.
小结：
关系词判断步骤
●首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。
如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
●然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
先行词主语宾语定语人who, that who(m), that whose
物which,
that which, that whose,
of which
巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：
(1)先行词为all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one 等不定代词时；
(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时：
(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含last)修饰时。
（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。
(5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。
口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错
先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.
请在以下例句中体会以上规则：
1. Here is something that I will tell you.
2.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
3. Is it the one that you want ?
4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.
5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.
6.Which is the bike that you lost?
7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
（七）只能使用w h i c h的情况
●1.关系代词前有介词时；
●2.先行词本身是t h a t时；
●3.非限定定语从句
●口诀:要有w h i c h别着急，
●介词提前逗隔离。
