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翻译技巧一词法翻译法词法中文翻译法是一种将英文涉及的词法结构准确转换成中文的翻译方法。
以下是一些词法翻译的技巧：1.词性转换：根据英文词的词性，在中文中选择相应的词性来进行翻译。
例如，将英文动词翻译为中文动词，将英文名词翻译为中文名词等。
2.词序调整：英语中的语序往往与中文不一致，因此在翻译过程中需要调整词语的顺序。
例如，在英文中形容词通常在名词之前，而在中文中通常在名词之后。
3. 词义转换：有些词在不同的语言中具有不同的意义，因此需要根据上下文选择合适的词义进行翻译。
例如，英文单词“present”既可以指“礼物”，也可以指“现在”。
在翻译时需要根据具体语境选择合适的中文词义。
4. 拆分合并：有些英文词在中文中需要拆分成多个词进行翻译，反之亦然。
例如，英文单词“breakfast”可以拆分成“早餐”进行翻译，中文词组“飞机场”可以合并成英文单词“airport”。
5.排序问题：中文和英文在表达时间、地点等信息时，顺序不同。
在翻译过程中需要注意将这些信息按照正确的顺序表达出来。
6. 同音词替换：有些英文词在发音上与中文词相似，可以使用同音词进行翻译。
例如，英文单词“flower”可以使用中文词“花”进行翻译。
7. 翻译成习惯用语：有些英文词没有直接对应的中文词，可以根据上下文和中文语境，将其翻译成习惯用语。
例如，英文表达“keep your chin up”可以翻译成中文的“保持乐观”。
总之，词法中文翻译法需要考虑词性转换、词序调整、词义转换、拆分合并、排序问题、同音词替换和翻译成习惯用语等方面的技巧，以确保翻译准确、地道。
一、词的选择和意义引申考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略一、理解应以原文，拆分语法结构二、改变原文顺序，组合汉语译文词义选择和词义引申词义的选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。
1.在1994年72)题a leader of the new school contends 中，school 是“学派”的意思，而不是“学校”的意思；2.在1996年74）题elegant system 中，elegent是“完美，完善”的意思，而不是“优雅”的意思；3.在2001年75）题And home appliances will become so smart that ...中，smart 是“智能化”的意思，而不是“聪明”的意思；4.在2003年75）题like the concept of set in mathematics 中，set 是“集，集合”，而不是“一套，放置”等意思；5.在2004年62）题we are obliged to them 中，obliged是“感谢，感激”，而不是“被迫”的意思。
词义的选择例1.I’ll see her home tonight.今晚我送她回家。
例2. India is the home of elephants.印度是大象的生长地。
例3.He’s at home with the classics.他精通古典文学。
例4.New homes are for sale.新房出售。
例5.She’s at home where she is.她在哪儿都自由自在。
例6.Maternity homr costs in America have gone up sharply.美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。
例7.Much is produced here for home market.这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。
例8.He looks on London as his home.他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。
一、词的选择和意义引申考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略一、理解应以原文，拆分语法结构二、改变原文顺序，组合汉语译文词义选择和词义引申词义的选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。
1.在1994年72)题a leader of the new school contends 中，school 是“学派”的意思，而不是“学校”的意思；2.在1996年74）题elegant system 中，elegent是“完美，完善”的意思，而不是“优雅”的意思；3.在2001年75）题And home appliances will become so smart that ...中，smart 是“智能化”的意思，而不是“聪明”的意思；4.在2003年75）题like the concept of set in mathematics 中，set 是“集，集合”，而不是“一套，放置”等意思；5.在2004年62）题we are obliged to them 中，obliged是“感谢，感激”，而不是“被迫”的意思。
词义的选择例1.I’ll see her home tonight.今晚我送她回家。
例2. India is the home of elephants.印度是大象的生长地。
例3.He’s at home with the classics.他精通古典文学。
例4.New homes are for sale.新房出售。
例5.She’s at home where she is.她在哪儿都自由自在。
例6.Maternity homr costs in America have gone up sharply.美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。
例7.Much is produced here for home market.这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。
例8.He looks on London as his home.他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。
汉译英的技巧技巧一：解释(explanation)如果你查字典的话，你会发现，口译这个词的英语表达interpretation, 就是“解释”的意思，所以口译说到底就是在做一件事“解释”，把意思解释明白就是口译员的职责。
“口译”不可能像“笔译”那样做到“雅”，因为口译是即席的(impromptu)，译员不可能找个安静的地方仔细推敲译文。
笔者发现在考试过程中，很多考生都不屑用一些简单的词来解释意思，而是用一些自己认为的“高级”词汇，似乎觉得这样才能获得考官的好感，其实，在很多情况下，考生所用的这些难词，往往不是读音错了，就是搭配出了问题。
所以，在考试的时候，用简单的词把意思说清楚就可以了，当然，用“高级”词也可以，可前提是不出错。
笔者还发现，在考试过程中，很多考生总是被“语言形式”所吓住，比如四字格，古诗词等，其实在遇到这些情况的时候，我们武器就是“解释”，下面我们一起来看几个例子：例中国古代有种舞，就是驱鬼逐疫的祭祀仪式上跳的舞。
In ancient China, there were a form of dance which was performed at ritual ceremonies to frighten off the ghosts and to relieve people of epidemics.当考生们看到“驱鬼逐疫”的时候，大可不必惊慌，一定要冷静。
先在脑子里把“驱鬼逐疫”解释一下，意思就是“让鬼和疾病都远离人们”，接着再口译就比较轻松了。
例近一时期，国际上发生了许多大事，上至政治家，下至老百姓，都无法视而不见，充耳不闻。
Some major events have taken place in recent months. None of us, from politicians to people in the street, can afford to overlook.“都无法视而不见，充耳不闻。
I. 词法翻译一、对等译法在翻译过程中，我们一般都可以在译文语言中找到同原文中某个单词、词组或成语意义上的对等表达。
因此，对等依法是翻译中最常用、最重要的翻译方法。
我们在翻译中必须注意一文中所采用的对等表达是名副其实的对等表达。
一般说来，汉英两种语言中单词的对等率最高，而词组、成语、言语的对等率就要相对低一些：单词：television 电视坐 sit 小 small 和 and当然，两种语言中存在着差异的对等单词也有不少，例如：从语义上来讲，“杯子”并不完全对等于“cup”, 而是对等于“cup +mug + glass +...”成语：in deep water 水深火热hit the mail on the head 一语道破出人头地 be head and shoulders above others吹毛求疵 pick a hole in somebody ’s coat攀龙附凤 worship the rising sun骑虎难下 hold a wolf by the ears成语的对等是从3个方面体现出来的，一个是比喻意义，一个是比喻形式，再一个是感情色彩。
三者中比喻意义是最重要的，当三者发生矛盾时，我们得保留比喻意义。
感情色彩如果不对等，这条成语就肯定不能用。
至于比喻形式，能对等则应尽量对等，是在对等不了，就应当机立断，大胆放弃。
谚语：Make hay while the sun shines. 趁热打铁There is no smoke without fire 无风不起浪出门一里，不如家里 East and west, home is best皇天不负苦心人 Everything comes to him who waits.小巫见大巫 The moon is not seen when the sun shines.说曹操，曹操到 Talk of the devil and he’s sure to appearHe who keeps company with a wolf will learn to howl. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
英语翻译技巧-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1翻译技巧由于汉英两种语言在词法、句法上的差异，翻译并不是简单的一对一复制，而是根据具体情况，灵活地运用翻译技巧坐车必要的调整和改变，使译文最大程度地再现原文的意义，又使它符合译语的表达习惯。
翻译技巧大体分为八类。
它们是：加注（annotation）、释义（paraphrase）、增词（amplification）、减词（omission）、转换（shift of perspective）、归化（adaptation）、切分（division）和合并（combination）。
1．加注由于汉英文化的不同，英语中某些词义在汉语中根本不存在，形成词义上的空缺。
在这种情况下，常常采用加注法来弥补空缺。
加注可分为音译加注和直译加注两种。
音译加注指音译后附加解释性注释。
注释可长可短，可以在文中注释，也可采用脚注。
Cartoon 卡通片Hamburger 汉堡包Benz 奔驰车Hippie 嬉皮士（20世纪60年代出现在美国的青年颓废派一员，喜群居，蓄长发，穿奇装异服）El Nino 厄尔尼诺（现象）（指严重影响全球气候的太平洋热带海域的大风及海水的大规模移动）Saint Valentine’s Day 圣瓦伦丁节情人节，2月14日）1.Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such aregiment; and how much more this poor old nervousvictim?2.3.You look like Al-Capone in that suit.4.He saw himself, in a smart suit, bowed into the opulentsuites of Ritzes.5.It’s true that the enemy won the battle, but theirs is buta Pyrrhic victory,” said the general.6.Nancy Reagan, and not George Gallup, may well havethe final say.直译加注指直译原文，并附加解释性注释。
第一章考研翻译基础知识一翻译的定义二翻译的标准和翻译的方法三翻译的基本过程四考研翻译的核心解题策略第二章翻译技巧：词法翻译法一词义选择和词义引申二词性转换三增词法四省略法第三章翻译技巧：句法翻译法一名词性从句的翻译二定语从句的翻译三状语从句的翻译四被动结构的翻译第一讲翻译的定义翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。
考研翻译简介（一）考研翻译考查内容和形式根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。
要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
”以2007年考研翻译题为例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5个划线部分。
如：（二）考研翻译的评分标准根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下：5个小题，每题2分，共10分。
如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。
如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。
中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。
在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。
（三）考研翻译今年考题特点和内容根据对大纲和最近十几年来考研翻译已经考过的真题的分析，我们发现考研翻译具有如下明显的特点。
首先，考研翻译的短文内容大多是涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、哲学、心理和科普方面的题材。
其体裁基本上是议论文。
如：1990年：人的性格和行为分析1991年：能源与农业1992年：智力评估的科学性1993年：科学研究的方法1994年：科学家、技术与科学发展的关系1995年：标准化测试与评估1996年：科学发展的差别和动力1997年：动物的权利1998年：天体物理学中的大爆炸理论1999年：历史研究的方法论2000年：政府调控与工业化发展2001年：计算机与未来生活2002年：行为科学的发展2003年：人类学的发展2004年：语言学2005年：传媒领域中的电视媒介2006年：美国知识分子的作用2007年：法学在新闻报道中的作用。
2.十种翻译技巧了解完四种翻译方法后，我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧，即重复法(repetition)，增词法(amplification)，省略法(omission)，词类转换法(conversion)，词序调整法(inversion)，拆译法(division)，正说反译和反说正译法(negation)，语态变换法(voice changes)，引申法和句子成分转译法。
2.2.1重复法(repetition)重复法(repetition)是在翻译中，为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确，文字通顺、流畅，符合目的语习惯的文字，而将某一部分文字反复使用的翻译技巧。
例子：1. You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary manin the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they’ll understand and see that you’re speaking to th em in German. （重复谓语动词）你一定要问一问家庭主妇们，问一问街头玩耍的孩子，问一问集市上做买卖的百姓，听听他们说些什么，他们如何说，你就如何译；这样他们就会理解，就会明白：你是在用德语和他们讲话。
2. We have to analyze and solve problems. (重复宾语)我们必须分析问题，解决问题。
3. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. (重复省略的部分) 无知是畏惧之源，羡慕之根。
4. But we still have defects, and very big ones. (指代内容的重复)但我们仍有不足，而且是很大的不足。
(完整版)翻译技巧翻译方法_文档视界翻译技巧和翻译方法翻译方法:methods of translation1.直译literal translation2.意译free translation3.异化alienation4.归化domestication1. 直译（literal translation）指在翻译过程中按原文逐字逐句一对一的翻译。
人们关心的是语言层面的技术处理问题，即如何在保持原语形式的同时，不让其意义失真。
e.g.one country, two systems 一国两制The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流2. 意译（free translation；paraphrase）是指根据原文的大意来翻译,不作逐字逐句的翻译(区别于“直译”)。
通常在翻译句子或词组(或更大的意群)时使用较多,意译主要在原语与译语体现巨大文化差异的情况下得以应用.从跨文化语言交际和文化交流的角度来看,意译强调的是译语文化体系和原语文化体系的相对独立性。
e.g.Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.不必过早地担心。
(不必自寻烦恼)Do you see any green in my eye?你以为我是好欺骗的吗？Don’t lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.直译：不要等马被盗后，才去锁马厩门。
意译：亡羊补牢。
直译和意译的区别1. It’ s a Smoke Free Area.直译:它是个自由吸烟区。
意译:它是个无烟区。
2. Shakespeare put his hometown on the map.直译:莎士比亚把他的家乡放在了地图上。
意译:莎土比亚使他的家乡声名远扬。
3. John would not come out of his shell and talk to others at theparty.直译:晚会上，约翰不愿从壳里钻出来与其他人说话。
第一节：词义的选择For example: Last1) He is the last man to come.他是最后来的。
2) I wouldn’t marry you even if you were the last person on earth.即使世上只剩下你一个人，我也不会和你结婚的。
3) He is the last man to do such kind of dirty thing.他决不会做这种肮脏的事。
4) He is the last person for such a job.他最不配/不适合干这活。
For example: story•This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.这场战争行将成为这一代人的最重大的事件。
•It is quite another story now.现在的情况完全不同了。
•Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.有些没让参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。
•He'll be very happy if that story holds up.如果这一说法当真，那他就太高兴了。
•story•The Rita Haywoth’s story is one of the saddest.丽泰·海华丝的遭遇算最惨的了。
• A young man came to Scotti‘s office with a story.一个年轻人来到斯科特的办公室报案。
1•Last Dec. the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story.去年12月，《邮报》首先报道侦察工作已在那些城市里进行，但官员们拒绝证实这条消息。
英译汉常用的方法和技巧英译汉常用的方法和技巧引导语：英译汉常用的方法和技巧，由应届毕业生培训网整理而成，谢谢您的阅读，祝您阅读愉快。
一、词义的选择、引申和褒贬1.一词多义(Polysemy)regularregular reading / regular job / regular flight / regular visitor / regular speed / regular army / gasolinedelicatedelicate skin / porcelain / upbringing / living / health / stomach / vase / diplomatic question / difference / surgical operation / ear for music / sense of smell / touch / food2.注意有线词的词义He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.He now saw plainly the meaning of all. In the beginning, he had got a job the first day; but now he was second-hand, a damaged article, and they did not want him. They had got the best out of him, and now they had thrown him away. The situation had now become desperate. Then came another incident.3.词义的引申(Extension or Generalization)1) Extend the word meaning to cover an abstraction conceptHis novel is a mirror of the times.The OED is the final court of appeal in all matters concerning English words.Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.2) Extend the word meaning to cover a specific conceptIn two years, he was a national phenomenon.Public opinion is demanding more and more that something be done about noise.Mary’s father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Jane, Mary’s half-sister.4.词义的褒贬(Commendatory and Derogatory)The reckless driver died in the traffic accident.Poor Joe’s panic lasted for two or three days; during which he did not visit the house.It was time to hold a court and the subject for discussion was the future of that prisoner.John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people.She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.5.ExercisesI have no opinion of that sort of man.She put five dollars into my hand. “You have been a great man today.”I’m afraid you’re being too particular about your food.I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two.The picture flattered her.The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England.二、词类转译法(一)转译成动词(1)名词转译动词(Convert nouns into verbs)My admiration for him grew more.He said he did not know whether Tom was ready for a showdown.To some extent it gets into the question of the chicken or the egg.The Nobel prizes in physics and chemistry were rewarded to Americans, giving the U.S. a clean sweep of all the 1976 Nobel prizes in the sciences.Television is the transmission and reception of image of moving objects by radio waves.In the absence of friction, the vehicle could not even be started.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.I am no drinker, nor smoker.The application of electronic computers makes a tremendous rise in labor productivity.(2)介词转译成动词(Convert prepositions into verbs)There are many substances through which electric currents will not flow at all.We are fortunate in our opponent.Captain Ford was between the sheets by 9 last night.The most he is after at this time is a chance to get more money.I tried to talk him out of the idea, but he was unpleasant.Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.(3)形容词转译成动词(Convert adjectives into verbs)He said the meeting was informative.They were news-hungry.It was a very informative meeting.(4)副词转译成动词(Convert adverbs into verbs)The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind.It has snowed over.Why should we let in foreign goods when Americans walk the streets because they can’t sell their own goods?(二)转译成名词(1)动词转译成名词(Convert verbs into nouns)She knows what’s what.They thought differently.TV differs from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.The computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.He roared, which threatened his enemies away.The man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American.(2)形容词转译成名词The new treaty would be good for ten years.The language of the poem is colloquial, yet it’s deep in its understanding of human emotions.Then the monkeys were trained according to different plans so as to make them highly individualized.Everyday experience shows us that heavy objects are more stable than light ones.(三)转译成形容词名词转译成形容词Their physical experiment was a success.The nuclear power system designed in China is of great precision.Said a New York bullion trader, “The market’s gone banana.”He found on this issue, as on Taiwan, an identity of approach.In Europe, his name was well known, if not a household word.(四)其他词类转译副词转译成名词The air-conditioning unit is shown schematically on Page 2.Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world, it is very active chemically.The image must be dimensionally correct.三、被动语态的`译法(一)大量的英语被动句要化成汉语的主动句1. He said the pact had now been reduced to less than a shadow.2. She had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans.3. What has just been written runs the risk of oversimplification.4. Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.(二)以by为着眼点，进行多种译文1. But real influence is not built up by striking attitude or by throwing insults.2. Its sincerity is illustrated not only by its proposal but also by its deeds.3. What I like best are the stern cliffs, with ranges of mountains soaring behind them, full of possibilities, peaks to be scaled only by the most daring.4. Many expect that he will be outed by one of his rivals.5. He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country.(三)“it + be + p.p. + that clause”的句型，常以下列形式表达1. It should be noted that he and she were academically more than just friends.2. It should be understood that to err is human.(四)汉译中需用被动式时，也最好多找一些字眼来取代“被”字1. The visitor was flattered and impressed.2. Everybody was fed up with her gossip.3. He was set upon by two naked men.4. If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.5. He was released immediately after Batista fled Cuba.四、增词法(一)名词、动名词前增补动词1. We often go to the school-run factory for labor.2. Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its mastery.(二)英语抽象名词的翻译1. He was still reluctant to talk substance.2. Many changes take place during the transformation.3. Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall.4. From the evaporation of water people know that liquid can turn into gases under certain conditions.(三)将具体形象的词译成该形象所具有的属性和特征，这是一种引申，需增词1. It was a Godsend to him.2. If you dare to play the fox with me, I’ll shoot you at once.(四)增添“概括”性的词1. He had slept there before, in July and again in October.2. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.3. The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.4. Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen andnitrogen.5. This report summed up the achievements in technology and education.(五)英文中为避免重复而省略之词，汉译时需补上，作必要的重复1. I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.(六)汉译文根据原文意思增加一些必要的解释性文字1. And he launched into a speech, eloquently advocating his university of the future.2. Those were the words that were to make the world blos som for, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers”.(七)增补量词1. Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a metal spoon, a coin, a piece of paper, a pin, a plastic comb,a key, a pencil, a tin lid and a rubber eraser.2. On April 24th 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made earth satellite.(八)增补表示复数含义的词1. But that the old workers helped us, we should have failed.2. The moving parts of a machine are often oiled so that friction may be greatly reduced.【英译汉常用的方法和技巧】。
