英语考试作文-【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解

ARGUMENT写作ARGUMENT作文写作关键问题：识别题目中的推理/论证缺陷和谬误从2～3个方面证明题目在那些逻辑链条上出了问题，梳理推理/论证过程中各个逻辑链条的可靠性与合理性，从题目中论者运用的推理/论证方法的切入，以求发现论证过程各个环节的缺陷和谬误ARGUMENT的分析和写作步骤：1、识别ARGUMENT题目中论者采用的论证方法（十大论证技巧中的某种）2、从每个ARGUMENT论证发的逻辑起点入手，发现每个推理/论证过程在各个逻辑链条上出现的推理/论证缺陷和谬误3、对每个推理/论证缺陷和谬误只展开具体的分析和论证，说明为什么可以认定它们是推理/论证的缺陷和谬误，及其是如何影响题目中论点和结论的有效性十大论证技巧及反驳切入点：1、演绎推理论证将一个具体的事例运用到一个一般性原则而得出结论反驳切入点：其一，该演绎推理的总原则（大前提）是否成立。

其二，该演绎推理的论据（小前提）是否成立。

二者只要一个不成立，则无效2、定义法界定一个概念的关键内涵，或认定某个事物符合某个定义，从而得出结论反驳切入点：该定义反应了问题本质吗？没有例外情况吗？3、因果关系论证法将一个判断放入一个因果关系中，指出它是原因还是结果反驳切入点：是否有其他原因导致了这一结果？是否有其他更重要的原因与所讨论的原因共同导致该结果?4、归纳推理论证法从若干个体事例中推出具有共性的一般结论反驳切入点：归纳所依据的数量足够多吗？具有代表性吗？有没有特殊情况？5、列举特征式论证法指出某事物发生或存在的征候或迹象反驳切入点：有没有其他原因导致同样的征候或迹象？6、类比论证法用已知、熟悉的食物同未知、不熟悉的食物进行比较，并用前者的情况解释后者的情况。

A、纵向类比（过去的事物同现在的同一类食物的类比）反驳切入点：历史会重演吗？B、横向类比（同一时期、同一类事物之间的类比）反驳切入点：比较的对象之间有足够的可比性吗？C、比喻式类比（不同类别事物之间的类比）反驳切入点：一事物和其被比喻成的事物之间有足够的相似性吗？7、引用权威论证法引用工人的权威，或论证自己就是权威从而对自己的观点加以论证反驳切入点：所引用的权威可信吗？8、诉诸常识法利用人们的常识（普遍性的价值观念、人们的普遍动机、生活常识）进行论证A、诉诸普遍性的价值观念反驳切入点：论者强调的价值果真那么重要吗？有没有其他更重要的价值？论者强调的价值的含义明确吗？B、诉诸普遍动机反驳切入点：论者强调的动机果真是大家最需要的吗？这些动机果真能像论者所说的那样得到实现D、诉诸生活常识反驳切入点：论者依据的生活常识成立吗？有无例外？9、反证法假设一个观点是正确的，然而推出荒谬的结论反驳切入点：推导出的这个结果果真荒谬么？10、统计数据论证法提供数据，以资论证反驳切入点：这些数据由谁调查的？这些调查的方案设计（如调查样本的选择、调查问卷的设计、调查数据的处理、调查结果的合适和验证等）和实施过程是严格按照科学程序进行的吗？其结论是客观、中立、可信的吗？调查的实施者没有受其行业及其他利益相关方面的影响吗？独立第三方的相关数据是否支持相同/相似的结论？AGUMENT题目经常在两个地方引用数据论证，须注意：其一，调查统计对于一般的调查统计，如果是随机抽样调查，注意挑选的样本是否足够多、样本空间是否有很大的误差、样本是否具备代表性。

英语考试作文【名师指点】GRE写作Argument驳论文高分写法顺序4步骤拆分讲解在GRE写作中，想要写出高分作文，就需要遵循一定的写作步骤，如此才能有条理的写出优秀的文章。

下面就为大家详细分析GRE考试写作步骤。

步骤1：读题审题写开头段首先，要浏览题目、审题(分析题目的结论、论据和假设)并写出开头段。

审题和开头段同时进行，一边看题一边写，这不是回避逻辑错误，而是将审题、找错和写作有机地结合。

第一段的任务无非就是指出论题的结论、假设、论据，并指出题目有错误。

在写作第一段的时候，逻辑错误会不断的涌现出来，而当考生把有问题的假设以及原论证的逻辑结构清理以后，该论证所存在的所有问题也就都暴露出来了。

步骤2：列逻辑问题写提纲在写完开头段并审好题后，要趁着头脑清醒，把主要的逻辑问题都打出来。

原文可能出现六七个逻辑错误，而考生只需要从中挑出3-4个最主要的进行有利的攻击就可以了。

因为这篇文章能不能拿高分，直接取决于与你能否抓住主要逻辑错误。

也就是说，如果忽视了非常致命的逻辑错误，那么即使把其它的错误批驳得再好，所用的语言再美，字数再多，最后照样不及格。

有人担心是不是要把所有的错误都清理出来，实际上只要把主要的错误都清理出来，进行有利的攻击，同样可以拿到六分，正如ETS的六分例文一样。

这样做的另一个好处是可以节约时间，因为考生在正文写作时往往会把顺手的段落大写特写，力争在某点上把敌人驳的体无完肤，但是等到意识到有其它的重要逻辑错误未被谈及的时候，时间却已经到了。

而首先列出提纲则可以提醒考生点到为止，切实做到合理分配时间。

与其把一个问题分析的特别透彻，不如把所有的主要问题都涉及到，即使不很透彻，也比前者要好。

简而言之，Argument这部分展开批驳的时候，与其“断其一指”，不如“伤其四指”。

步骤3：展开正文在完成了提纲之后，就要逐一展开正文段落了。

正文段落的展开有两种的顺序，第一种就是先攻击主要的问题，在第一个段落批驳最重要的逻辑错误，也花最多的笔墨，以后字数和重要性逐级递减。

【题⽬】Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been unique to the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a " Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could only have crossed it by boat, but there is no evidence that the Paleans had boats. And boats capable of carrying groups of people and cargo were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared. Moreover, Paleans would have had no need to cross the river—the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game. It follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea.【中⽂翻译】⼀种具有独特花纹的编织篮⼦以前只在史前村庄P的临近地区发现过，因⽽被认为是P居民所独有的。

Argument142：The article entitled 'Eating Iron' in last month's issue of Eating for Health reported that a recent study found a correlation between high levels of iron in the diet and an increased risk of heart disease. Further, it is well established that there is a link between large amounts of red meat in the diet and heart disease, and red meat is high in iron. On the basis of the study and the well-established link between red meat and heart disease, we can conclude that the correlation between high iron levels and heart disease, then, is most probably a function of the correlation between red meat and heart disease.翻译：上一期的《健康饮食》杂志上刊登的题为《食铁》的文章报导说最近一项研究发现饮食中铁的含量过高与心脏病发病率增加有关联。

而且，我们已经知道饮食中大量的牛羊肉和心脏病是有联系的，牛羊肉中铁的含量很高。

基于以上研究和牛羊肉与心脏病之间的已知联系，我们可以得出结论，高铁含量与心脏病之间的关联最有可能是牛羊肉与心脏病之间关联的作用。

本题可以算是各位Gter长久以来比较怨念的一道难题了，因为表述混乱，逻辑点分散，一直都被大家诟病，写完后头晕、恶心、呕吐、腹泻者屡见不鲜。

英语考试作文【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用分可能就是作文了。

虽然GRE官方公开了作文题库，但想要全部练习一遍花费时间精力太多并不现实，也无法确保高分。

更好的提分做法无疑就是看官方范文练写作。

不过，即使如此范文在使用上也是有注意事项的，错误使用只会适得其反，下面就为大家具体介绍GRE写作Argume nt作文的高分范文用法。

GRE乍文避免扣分词汇语法要过关GRE写作Argument高分范文真题实例分析真题实例The following appeared as part of an article in adaily newspaper:“Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money.GRE 考试中，考生最不容易把握的一个部Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you mayneed to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.高分范文This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. However, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausability of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree thatas the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn ' t necessarily meanthat the all companies which have hazardous work environments agree.The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as isand paying slightly increased wages than it would not make sense to improve the work environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of only $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay all that extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefit analysis must be made. I also feel that although a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to these decisions making financial sense, it may not be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense.This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the workenvironment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injuries. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also pridesitself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limited ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature.In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environment sometimes it truly does not makefinancial sense. Furthermore, financial sense maynot be the only issue a companyfaces. Other types of analyses must be madesuch as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e., coal mine). Before any decision is made, all this things must be considered, not simply the reduction of payroll expenses.实例分析1.这篇GRE乍文首先在字数高达599words, GRE考试虽然没有对写作提出明确的字数要求，但其评分时偏好字数。

GRE写作argument全部官方范文分析(9)第三部分：总结一、开头模式开头模式第1篇让步=〉忽略他因=〉潜在后果第2篇假让步=〉他因=〉论据不足第3篇让步=〉忽略他因=〉提供他因的论证方向第4篇假让步=〉分析性复述第5篇单纯复述=〉分类=〉忽略他因（前三段都是开头段第6篇指出存在问题=〉调查类错误=〉因果不成立=〉他因 awintro里说要简单的复述一下题目，通过这6篇满分文章可以看出，单纯复述是不够的。

我们需要的是，分清文章的逻辑结构，并考虑哪些是合理的，哪些是不合理的。

写的时候先表达出让步的信息以及论据，然后重点指出存在问题的信息以及文中相应的论据(没有考虑其他原因，没有考虑其他因素，论据不足)。

这里的错误不要展开，也不要过于笼统，用几个文中的关键词来统领后面的讨论，也能避免开头段空洞的弊病。

二、正文body模式正文模式第1篇质疑让步前提=〉两点忽略的他因（人本质，受伤程度）=〉缺乏证据（高档设备）第2篇他因=〉两个层次的论据不足（三者关系，75%）第3篇两点忽略的他因（相对比例，平均生活水平）=〉引入实质第4篇他因=〉四点忽略的因素（时间，天气，人数，人活动）第5篇忽略学校和原生态不等价（非学生不受惠，学生中也有不受惠的）第6篇调查类=〉无因果=〉他因从安排顺序上来说，比较好的做法是先质疑让步的前提，即讨论一切的基础(如果有调查，这里就攻击调查);然后论证在主要逻辑链上的忽略的他因;然后如果时间允许的话，就攻击细节上的东西(从文中的论据不足入手，这里的细节是与上一段的主要逻辑链上的错误相粘连的，可以看作是上一段的延续和引申，末尾还可以加上极端反例或者文中自相矛盾，从而进行穷追不舍的打击);最后，从改进方案上入手，分析如何才能更好的改进，这里是对原文进行升华，贴近立意的实质，并以一种包容的态度。

其中，罗列细节上的东西的安排顺序，本着一个原则：从外在因素到内在因素到事物的本质。

英语考试作文GRE写作ARGUMENT开头段高分写法分享学习范文思路要从头开始GRE写作中的ARGUMENT作文开头如何写好是许多同学关注的问题之一。

之所以受到关注是因为ARGMENT的文章题材属于议论文中的驳论文，而这种文章大多数考生都涉猎较少，不仅没写过英文的，可能连中文的驳论文都没怎么接触过。

因而大家往往从开头段的写法就存在问题。

为了帮助大家提升写作水平写好GRE作文ARGUMENT的开头段，下面就结合GRE官方ARGUMENT范文为大家做详细介绍。

GRE写作ARGUMENT开头段写法介绍GRE写作ARGUMENT作为驳论文，其写作特点是不需要考生本身提出某个观点，考生需要做的只是从给出的题目素材中寻找漏洞逐一反驳，这就给习惯了写立论文开头先写观点的考生带来一些写作思路上的挑战。

其实ARGUMENT开头段除去抛出观点外在写法上和其它议论文是基本一致的，以下就是比较好的写法：1. 首句开门见山指出文章逻辑错误可以先通过一个小小的让步，指出文章的论证有其道理(这里可以高度概括一下文章逻辑论证思路和方法by comparison …with…)relatively/appear to/seem to/well presented/after all(注意这里不要summery the argument,要immediately engage the argument!)，然后笔锋一转however/while指出文章逻辑是有问题的。

2. 简单概括文章的逻辑错误，用高度凝练的语言提示下文论证思路这里又分为好几种方法：a. 用first/in addition/also等清晰地列出文章逻辑错误和下文反驳要点。

b. 指出施行题目中建议的后果。

c. 只提示下一段的论证，承接下一段(不推荐)。

d. 用列举他因的方式提示下文论证要点。

以官方范文为例Argument test 1: Speed Limits in Forestville.Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.“Six months ago the region of Forestville increased the speed limit for vehicles traveling on the region’s highways by ten miles per hour. Since that change took effect, the number of automobile accidents in that region has increased by 15 percent. But the speed limit in Elmsford, a region neighboring Forestville, remained unchanged, and automobileaccidents declined slightly during the same six-month period. Therefore, if the citizens of Forestville want to reduce the number of automobile accidents on the region’s highways, they should campaign to reduce Forestville’s speed limit to what it was before the increase.”Models from Practice Book6分：The agrument is well-presented, but not thoroughly well-reasoned. By making a comparison of the region of Forestville, the town with the higher speed limit and therefore automobile accidents, with the region of Elmsford, an area of a lower speed limit and subsequently fewer accidents, the argument for reducing Forestville’s speed limits in order to decrease accidents seems logical.However,这篇开头一开始就直截了当指出这篇argument是not well reasoned,然后高度概括了题目中的要点和题目的观点，下文反驳的第一段就用however承接，逻辑连贯，是大家比较喜欢的argument开头。

3、Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels.This editorial concludes that the city should ban skateboarding from its downtown Central Plaza in order to attract visitors to that area, to return the area to its "former glory,"and to make it "a place where people can congregate for fun and relaxation." To justify this conclusion the editorial points out that skateboarders are nearly the only people one sees anymore at Central Plaza, and that the Plaza is littered and its property defaced. The editorialalso points out that the majority of downtown merchants support the skate boarding ban. This argument is flawed in several critical respects. First, the editorial's author falsely assumes that a ban on skateboarding is both necessary and sufficient to achieve the three stated objectives. Perhaps the city can achieve those objectives by other means as well--for example, by creating a new mall that incorporates an attractive new skateboard park. Even if banning skateboarders altogether is necessary to meet the city's goals, the author has not shown that this action by itself would suffice. Assuming that the Plaza's reputation is now tarnished, restoring that reputation and, in turn, enticing people back to the Plaza might require additional measures--such as removing litter and graffiti, promoting the Plaza to the public, or enticing popular restaurant or retail chains tothe Plaza. Secondly, the editorial assumes too hastily that the Plaza's decline is attributable to theskateboarders--rather than to some other phenomenon. Perhaps the Plaza's primary appeal in its glory days had to do with particular shops or eateries, which were eventually replaced by less appealing ones. Or perhaps the crime rate in surrounding areas has risen dramatically, for reasons unrelated to the skateboarders' presence at the Plaza. Without ruling out these and other alternative explanations for the Plaza's decline, the editorial's author cannot convince me that a skateboard ban would reverse that decline. Thirdly, the editorial's author might be confusing cause with effect--by assuming that the skateboarders caused the abandonment of the Plaza, rather than vice versa. It is entirely possible that skateboarders did not frequent the Plaza until it was largely abandoned —andbecause it had been abandoned. In fact this scenario makes good sense, since skateboarding is most enjoyable where there are few pedestrians or motorists to get in the way.that the ban would be effective in achieving the city's objectives. Admittedly, perhaps these merchants would be more likely to help dean up the Plaza area and promote their businesses were the city to act in accordance with their preference. Yet lacking any supporting evidence the author cannot convince me of this. Thus the survey amounts to scant evidence at best that the proposed ban would carry the intended result.Finally, the author recommends a course of action that might actually defeat the city's objective of providing a fun and relaxing place for people to congregate. In my experience 这个概括给满分这个部分可以删掉，没有逻辑意义be attributed to 有效地搭建了因果关系，这个词组大家可以放心使用这两段的内容有点雷同 虽然在攻击的重点上一样，但是都针对滑滑板和商场的，我们可以考虑只写一个infer可以用来 体现assumption 这类 写作要求的key words这段没有足够多的攻击细节大家在考试的时候只需要选3个逻辑错误就够了但是每个逻辑错误的点要全面，足够insightfulalike, more so than many other types of ambiance. Without considering that continuing to allow skateboarding--or even encouraging this activity--might achieve the city's goal more effectively than banning the activity, the author cannot convincingly conclude that the ban would be in the city's best interests.In sum, the argument is a specious one. To strengthen it, the editorial's author must provide dear evidence that skateboarding, and not some other factor, is responsible for the conditions marking the Plaza's decline. The author must also convince me that no alternative means of restoring the Plaza are available to the city, and that the proposed ban by itself would suffice to attract tourists and restore the Plaza to its former glory. Finally, to better assess the argument it would be useful to know the circumstances under which the downtown merchants would be willing to help the city achieve its objectives.3、Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels.This editorial concludes that the city should ban skateboarding from its downtown Central Plaza in order to attract visitors to that area, to return the area to its "former glory,"and to make it "a place where people can congregate for fun and relaxation." To justify this conclusion the editorial points out that skateboarders are nearly the only people one sees anymore at Central Plaza, and that the Plaza is littered and its property defaced. The editorialalso points out that the majority of downtown merchants support the skate boarding ban. This argument is flawed in several critical respects. First, the editorial's author falsely assumes that a ban on skateboarding is both necessary and sufficient to achieve the three stated objectives. Perhaps the city can achieve those objectives by other means as well--for example, by creating a new mall that incorporates an attractive new skateboard park. Even if banning skateboarders altogether is necessary to meet the city's goals, the author has not shown that this action by itself would suffice. Assuming that the Plaza's reputation is now tarnished, restoring that reputation and, in turn, enticing people back to the Plaza might require additional measures--such as removing litter and graffiti, promoting the Plaza to the public, or enticing popular restaurant or retail chains tothe Plaza. Secondly, the editorial assumes too hastily that the Plaza's decline is attributable to theskateboarders--rather than to some other phenomenon. Perhaps the Plaza's primary appeal in its glory days had to do with particular shops or eateries, which were eventually replaced by less appealing ones. Or perhaps the crime rate in surrounding areas has risen dramatically, for reasons unrelated to the skateboarders' presence at the Plaza. Without ruling out these and other alternative explanations for the Plaza's decline, the editorial's author cannot convince me that a skateboard ban would reverse that decline. Thirdly, the editorial's author might be confusing cause with effect--by assuming that the skateboarders caused the abandonment of the Plaza, rather than vice versa. It is entirely possible that skateboarders did not frequent the Plaza until it was largely abandoned —andbecause it had been abandoned. In fact this scenario makes good sense, since skateboarding is most enjoyable where there are few pedestrians or motorists to get in the way.that the ban would be effective in achieving the city's objectives. Admittedly, perhaps these merchants would be more likely to help dean up the Plaza area and promote their businesses were the city to act in accordance with their preference. Yet lacking any supporting evidence the author cannot convince me of this. Thus the survey amounts to scant evidence at best that the proposed ban would carry the intended result.Finally, the author recommends a course of action that might actually defeat the city's objective of providing a fun and relaxing place for people to congregate. In my experience 这个概括给满分这个部分可以删掉，没有逻辑意义be attributed to 有效地搭建了因果关系，这个词组大家可以放心使用这两段的内容有点雷同 虽然在攻击的重点上一样，但是都针对滑滑板和商场的，我们可以考虑只写一个infer可以用来 体现assumption 这类 写作要求的key words这段没有足够多的攻击细节大家在考试的时候只需要选3个逻辑错误就够了但是每个逻辑错误的点要全面，足够insightfulalike, more so than many other types of ambiance. Without considering that continuing to allow skateboarding--or even encouraging this activity--might achieve the city's goal more effectively than banning the activity, the author cannot convincingly conclude that the ban would be in the city's best interests.In sum, the argument is a specious one. To strengthen it, the editorial's author must provide dear evidence that skateboarding, and not some other factor, is responsible for the conditions marking the Plaza's decline. The author must also convince me that no alternative means of restoring the Plaza are available to the city, and that the proposed ban by itself would suffice to attract tourists and restore the Plaza to its former glory. Finally, to better assess the argument it would be useful to know the circumstances under which the downtown merchants would be willing to help the city achieve its objectives.。

题目Argument150The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine."The decline in the numbers of amphibians worldwide clearly indicates the global pollution of water and air. Two studies of amphibians in YosemiteNational Park in California confirm my conclusion. In 1915 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 1992 there were only four species of amphibians observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. The decline in Yosemite has been blamed on the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1920 (trout are known to eat amphibian eggs). But the introduction of trout cannot be the real reason for the Yosemite decline because it does not explain the worldwide decline."直译如下：全球范围内两栖动物数量的减少证明全球范围内空气和水的污染。

想在GRE考试Argument作文中拿高分们吗？那就快来一起学习吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

GRE考试Argument 精选题分析1. Castorville and Polluxton,merged 论断：我们应该通过关闭P的图书馆使用C的为两村服务来进一步节约和提高服务。

因为图书馆使用者比前一年少了20%。

而且两家最近为了省钱并提高服务合并了以前分开的垃圾收集部门，新部门建在C，而且它很少遭到服务的投诉。

·前提不一定成立。

前提是这样作节约也能提高服务，但没有资料证明这一点必然发生。

论者没有资料证明居民对于图书馆合并的看法，也没有提供资料证明费用会下降，这使得前提不一定成立。

·论据没有说服力。

首先垃圾部门的成功，不一定保证图书馆进行相同的合并也会成功，两个部门工作职能不同，面临的问题也不同。

另外新部门没遭到投诉也不证明这种合并是成功的，也许因为时间还不长问题还没有暴露出来。

而且也存在有可能管理部门没有报告问题。

第三论者也没有在这个例子中说明费用降低了。

·论断结论仓促。

合并能行也不一定是关闭P使用C，应该考虑一下两家图书馆的情况，和居民使用的情况，来决定是否进行合并，以及关闭哪一家。

结论：论者没有忽视了问题的复杂性，盲止凭借经验做出结论。

如要增加说服力，还应该进一步了解两家城市居民对图书馆的使用情况，以及对于合并的看法，以及合并的可行性。

另外对于经验的借鉴，论者应该再了解新部门的运行情况，并针对图书馆的特点提供可行方案。

planner,City of Grandview 论断：为了防止赤字，必须消除对乐团的资助。

因为消除对乐团的资助，就能防止财政赤字。

我们居民都很清楚政府每年都为乐团提供资助支持他们的节目。

但是现在没有政府的资助乐团也能成功，因为给乐团的私人捐款增加了200%，乐团系列演出的上座率也提高了一倍。

乐团同时宣布明年票价要上升。

·前提不一定成立。

GRE作文argument参考范文第1篇：GRE作文argument参考范文discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.1.thefollowingwaswrittenasapartofanapplicationforasmallbu sinessloanbyagroupofdevelopersinthecityofmonroe.ajazzmusicclubinmonroewouldbeatremendouslyprofitablee nterprise.currently,thenearestjazzclubis65milesaway;thus,ourpro posedclub,thecnote,wouldhavethelocalmarketalltoitself.plus,jazz isextremelypopularinmonroe:over100,000peopleattendedmonro esjaz*estivallastsummer,severalwell-knownjazzmusiciansliveinmonroe,andthehighest-ratedradioprograminmonroeisjazznightly,whichairseveryweekni ght.finally,anationwidest未完，继续阅读 >第2篇：GRE作文ARGUMENT范文discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.1.thefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofabatavianews paper.thedepartmentofagricultureinbataviareportsthatthenumb erofdairyfarmsthroughoutthecountryisnow25percentgreatertha nitwas10yearsago.duringthissametimeperiod,however,thepriceo fmilkatthelocalexcellofoodmarkethasincreasedfrom$1.50toover$ 3.00pergallon.topreventfarmersfromcontinuingtoreceiveexcessiv eprofitsonanapparentlyincreasedsupplyofmilk,thebataviagovern mentshouldbegintoregulateretailmilkprices.suchregulationisnec essarytoensurebothlowerpricesanda未完，继续阅读 >第3篇：GMAT考试：Argument写作范文参考inthiseditorialtheauthorassertsthatopinionpollsarelittlebette rthanrandomguessestopredictingoutesofpresidentialelections.theauthorsbasisforthisassertionisthatopinionpollsmeasureonlythe preferencesofvotersatthetimeofthepollandthatmanyvoterschang etheirpreferencesseveraltimebeforevoting?someremainingunde cideduntilthemomenttheycasttheirvote.theauthorsreasoningisu nconvincingintwocriticalrespects.firstofaltthepredictionsbasedonrandomguessingaresuchthat thegreaterthenumberofcandidates,thelesslikelythepredictionwill becorrect.thereasonforthisisobvious:ran未完，继续阅读 >第4篇：GRE作文ARGUMENT范文赏析discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.inastudyofreadinghabitsofleevillecitizensconductedbytheuni versityofleeville,mostrespondentssaidtheypreferredliteraryclassi csasreadingmaterial.however,afollow-upstudyconductedbythesameresearchersfoundthatthetypeofbo okmostfrequentlycheckedoutofeachofthepubliclibrariesinleeville wasthemysterynovel.therefore,itcanbeconcludedthattherespond entsinthefirststudyhadmisrepresentedtheirreadinghabits.arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplelivingonthecontinentofnortha mericasuffer9timesmorechronicfatigueand31timesmorechronicd epre未完，继续阅读 >第5篇：GRE作文ARGUMENT真题四４４、thefollowingistakenfromanadvertisementplacedinaweeklybusine ssmagazinebythedickensacademy.wedistributedasurveytoseniormanagementatinternationalm ega-publishing,inc.theresultofthesurveyclearlyindicatesthatmanyemp loyeeswerewellpreparedinbusinessknowledgeandputerskills,butlackedinterpersonalskillstointeractgracefullywithcustomers.intern ationalmega-publishingdecidedtoimprovecustomersatisfactionbysendingthei rnewlyhiredemployeestoourone-dayseminars.sincetakingadvantageofourprogram,internationalm ega-publishinghasseenasharpincreaseinsales,anindicatio 未完，继续阅读 >第6篇：GRE作文精选：Argumentgre作文精选：argumentdiscusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.1.thefollowingappearedinamemorandumwrittenbythevicepr esidentofnature'sway,achainofstoressellinghealthfoodandotherh ealth-relatedproducts."previousexperiencehasshownthatourstoresaremostprofitab leinareaswhereresidentsarehighlyconcernedwithleadinghealthyli ves.weshouldthereforebuildournextnewstoreinpainesville,which hasmanysuchresidents.painesvillemerchantsreportthatsalesofru nningshoesandexerciseclothingareatall-timehighs.thelocalhealthclub,whichnearlyclosedfiveyearsagodue tolackofbusiness,has未完，继续阅读 >第7篇：GMAT Argument作文备考方案范本参考不难看出，gmatargument作文主要考察的是考生的逻辑分析和判断能力，而提高此能力不妨结合cr部分；同时，考生也需要熟悉题库，力求对题目素材预先进行分析从而培养良好的判断和推论能力，并且多对行文结构和切入点有所构思甚至是设计，如此一来，便容易在考场上轻松写出一篇出*的文章了。

英语考试作文
GRE写作ARGUMENT5大常见逻辑错误分析实例讲解驳论文正确写法思路
GRE写作中ARGUMENT是两种题型中相对更容易得分的题型，不少中国考生拿到4分以上的GRE写作成绩也往往离不开ARGUMENT部分更高的得分。

所以GRE写作想要提分，从ARGUMENT入手来提升显然是一条更为便捷的快车道。

下面就结合GRE 写作ARGUMENT写法实例来分析作文高分写法套路。

GRE写作ARGUMENT5大常见逻辑错误分析
想要写好GRE写作的ARGUMENT作文，考生首先要对ARGUMENT作文题目中存在的常见逻辑错误漏洞攻击点有比较全面清晰的认识，以下5种逻辑问题几乎每道GRE写作ARGUMENT的题目中都存在：
基本概念常识出错
虽然GRE考试本身出于公平的原则并没有对各类学科的高深专业知识提出要求，但考生还是需要具备一定的相关基础常识，比如GRE考试中经常涉及的社会、文化、经济、科技等常见主题的基本概念，都应该有所了解。

因为GRE作文中，常常会出现一些涉及这些
基本知识的逻辑漏洞。

如果考生能够对这些知识有所了解，就能在文章题目中发现。

ArgumentSample 1In this argument the author employs a variety of evidence about Paleans, including their geographical isolation and the discovery of a basket, to argue that Palean baskets could have been made by non-Palean cultures. We may accept part of the author’s claim regarding the Paleans, but in the absence of some critical evidence, we cannot accept the conclusion that the Paleans have no means of transporting one of their baskets to other region.In the first place, the author assumes that the Paleans could not have reached Lithos because no Palean boat has been found. However, the author is treating a lack of proof that the Paleans could have possessed some kind of boat as sufficient proof that they did not possess any such vehicles at all. From the passage we are only informed that Palean boats “were not found〞, but the mere fact that no boat found currently could not fully illustrate that the Paleans did not have boats. We need concrete evidence to show that the Paleans did not master the skill of shipbuilding.Granted that the Paleans did possess no boats, we still need evidence to prove that the basket could not have arrived in Lithos by other means. Although the Brim River is deep and broad at present, it might be shallower and narrower at Palean time, or at least some sections of the river were less deep and broad at that time. If so, the Paleans could have crossed the river without boat. Some archaeological and geological records or documents about the condition of the Brim River at ancient time might be useful for evaluating the argument.Assuming that the river was also deep and broad in ancient time and can be crossed only by boat, there is a possibility that some vehicles were in the possession of a second culture with whom the Palean people kept in contact. The second culture might have brought the discovered basket to Lithos during trading or other activities. Also possibly, the basket may have been brought to Lithos by some other people latterly after the disappearance of the Paleans, or may have drifted to the site due to geological accidents such as a flood. The author should provide evidence to show that Paleans had no significant contact with other cultures who possessed boats, and that the basket could not be carried to the site through other methods such as trading or some accidents. We still cannot rule out the possibility that the baskets were unique to Palean culture without such information.In sum, the conclusion is hastily reached. Before the claim that other cultures could have produced so-called Palean baskets is accepted, the author should provide concrete evidence to show that Paleans were never capable of building boats. The author also needs to rule out other possible ways by which the basket could travel to other places.In the argument the arguer points out that Crust Copper Company (CCC) has purchased a vast of land in West Fredonia and that mining here will inevitably lead to tremendous pollution. To avoid such environmental problems, the arguer suggests that boycott towards products produced by CCC will be an effective measure. Well-intentioned the arguer may be, several unwarranted assumptions may render the boycott unnecessary or ineffective.First, the underlying assumption that the deterioration of environment and disturbance to endangered animals will inevitably occur is open to doubt. Ten thousand square miles are, without any doubt, so large an area that almost make up the total territory of New York City, there is likelihood that only a very small proportion of the land is used for mining. Furthermore, with the advanced technology of waste disposal and environmental-friendly recycling, the pollution, if any, can be so insignificant that almost has no negative effect to the environment. Even if the exploration is heavy, the arguer does not inform us to what extent the mining areas and the habitat of endangered species overlap. If they locate far away from each other, the mining would have little effect to local animals. Without taking these factors into consideration, the arguer could not successfully convince us that CCC’s mining process will bring about horrible results, and the boycott would be totally unnecessary in this case.Second, the feasibility of the arguer’s pro posal can also be cast doubt on. The proposal could be smoothly carried out only if the consumers can reliably distinguish products that are made with CCC’s copper. We all know that only the brand of the final producer will be engraved to a product. For instance, if a copper lock is manufactured, consumers can only identify the brand of the lock company. It is unlikely that a nonprofessional consumer can tell the material supplier of a certain product. Even assuming that consumers can effectively recognize copper products made with CCC’s copper, and that the vast majority of such consumers can be gathered by certain means, whether all of them are willing to cooperate in the boycott is still not guaranteed. It is highly possible that most consumers care more about the quality and cost of a product while little about environmental problems. If the consumers cannot distinguish products using CCC’s copper, or they have no interest in the boycott, the proposal would be meaningless at all, let alone prevent environmental problems.In conclusion, the argument is unpersuasive and the arguer should provide additional information to demonstrate that CCC will cause a disastrous effect on the environment of West Fredonia once its mining plan is carried out. The arguer also needs to prove that the proposed boycott is not only practically feasible, but also sufficient and necessary for the arguer’s purpose.In this argument the manager suggests that Rialto must offer same features as Apex, a newly opened theater, to attract moviegoers. The manager describes many fancy functions featured by Apex and the dissatisfaction of moviegoers about the high price of new movies. However, merely these facts could not prove that the proposed action will guarantee Rialto’s share of the market.A foremost question is: whether Apex was really a great success? We are not informed about the actual profit and the number of moviegoers of Apex. It is possible that the costs of these fashionable features are so high that the ticket prices of Apex are higher than other theaters, which will further prevent moviegoers on a tight budget from going to it, or that the ticket income of Apex remains low although it had featured those functions.Granted that Apex has gained great profits, we may still ask that whether the success resulted from those new features. Many other factors would also influence people’s choice on a theater. For example, people would be concerned more about the distance of the theater from their houses. Meanwhile, whether the lack of these features has caused a decreased share of moviegoers for Rialto is open to doubt. Perhaps the total number of residents in down town area was decreasing recently, and therefore Rialto could not attract as many people as before.Another question that should be addressed is the comparability of the two theaters. As we know, many factors would make them quite different from each other: their locations, the types of movie they mainly feature, the ticket price, etc. Any one of these factors would make the measures less effective in Rialto as in Apex. The manager cannot convince us that Rialto could gain profits by simply copying the features of Apex.Furthermore, we may question the reliability of the survey. We could not be sure if the respondents of the survey are representative of the overall population of the city and constitute a large number of people. Besides, granted that the respondents’ opinion could represent that of our general residents, Rialto could take other actions as response, such as featuring some formerly-released movies with lower price.It is understandable that a theater should struggle for its survival. But before the manager could provide complete information about the actual profits of Apex, and show clear evidence that Apex has attracted many moviegoers because of its new features, we could not hastily conclude that providing these features at Rialto would secure its future prosper.Basing on the assumption that farmers are receiving excessive profits on increased supply of milk, the author recommends Batavia government to regulate retail milk prices. Admittedly, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure the stability of the market, however, several questions must be addressed before we could determine whether the regulation will be necessary and effective for lowering milk price.A critical assumption of the argument is that the farmers are receiving unreasonable profits, which is unwarranted before several factors have been considered. A foremost question is that whether the number of dairy farms could accurately reflect the supply of milk, for there is no necessary relationship between them. It is possible that the average milk supply of each single farm has dropped and therefore the total supply would not increase. It is also possible that a great proportion of milk produced has been processed to other dairy products or has been exported. The milk supply on market will decrease in these cases.Granted that the supply of milk did increase during the past decade, we may well ask that whether the prices of milk are increasing all over the country. The author provides only one sample----the Excello market to illustrate the variation of milk price, but many factors may render the situation at the market unrepresentative of the national trends. Perhaps the supply of milk in the region where the market locates was relatively lower than national average, or the milk production is much more costly here due to some geographic factors. Any one of these possibilities would make the higher milk price in Excllo totally a normal phenomenon.Even if the prices of milk were also doubled throughout the country, just as happened in Excello, the author overlooks a myriad of economic factors that would result in the increase. Consider, for example, the cost of milk production and transportation might have increased as well during the same period, or perhaps the supply of milk could not meet the demand in spite of an increased supply. The author also needs to inform us how much did the price of milk actually increase after adjustment for inflation. Without accounting for these factors, the author could not convince us that farmers have received excessive profits and that the regulation is indeed necessary.Finally, even if the author can successfully address all the questions foregoing, it is unjustifiable to conclude that the regulation of retail milk prices could ensure an adequate supply of milk and therefore, a fair price. It is likely that the regulation would reduce the profits of farmers; they might be less interested in producing milk, or will produce less milk as a response. If so, adopting the author’s recommend ation will actually lead to inadequate supply of milk rather than the optimistic result expected by the author.Undoubtedly, the author’s intention of keeping the market stable and ensuring fair price of milk is justified. But to convince us that the regulation is necessary to ensure a reasonable milk price and adequate supply, the author must substantiate the assumption that the profits received by farmers are undeserved and that the regulation is sufficient for ensuring lower price. Hastily carrying out such regulation would actually pose negative effects on the supply of milk.The fewer sick days and lower diagnosis of stress-related illness in Leeville may, to some extent, indicate better health status of residents. But the situation could also be explained by many other factors. It is too hasty for the Chamber of Commerce to conclude that it is the relaxed pace of life that brings those health benefits.First of all, the Chamber implies that Leeville residents are in satisfying health condition, which serves as a foremost premise of the argument. However, the number of sick days and the diagnosis of stress-related illness do not necessarily indicate the health condition of residents. The fewer sick days may result from strict restrictions on sick leaves at Leeville factories; or perhaps the workers will receive harsher punishment once they take too many sick leaves, thus they will be unable to take more sick leaves as a result. Another explanation is that the workers might be unwilling to be absent from work for certain reasons. Similarly, the fewer diagnosis of stress-related illness could also be explained by other reasons. It is possible that people in Leeville are not willing to visit doctors for these diseases, or maybe there are some differences in the diagnostic criteria of the disease in the two cities. If the criterion or definition of the disease is more rigorous in Leeville than in Masonton, then it is conceivable that the incidence of such disease in Masonton will be higher. In this case, the diagnosis of this illness could not accurately reflect the actual level of stress of residents, let alone their actual level health.Granted that Leeville residents are living healthier lives, physically and mentally, there are still many other factors, rather than the relaxed pace of life suggested by the Chamber, that could contribute to the situation. The myriad factors might include better environment and weather, healthier life style in Leeville, which will lead to good health condition and less illness. It is also possible that the working condition and work ethic in Leeville factories are better than those in Masonton, or Leeville has harmonious neighborhoods, which could explain the lower level of mental stress.As commonly known, a relaxed pa ce of life often promotes people’s health status, but we cannot conclude that the better health of Leeville residents is also the result of their pace of life. The Chamber should consider and rule out all other possibilities before we could be convinced that the relaxed lifestyle is the actual and only explanation for the health condition of Leeville residents.。

GRE官方题库范文精讲GRE官方题库中的范文主要是针对Argument Task和Issue Task两类写作题型的范文。

下面分别以这两种题型为例，对官方题库中的范文进行精讲。

一、Argument Task范文精讲：Argument Task要求考生评价并进行反驳或赞同某个给出的观点。

以下是官方题库中的一个Argument Task的范文，题目为：The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a company that builds shopping malls around the country."Five years ago, at a time when we had difficulty obtaining reliable supplies of high-quality oak lumber, we discontinued production of our 1000 series furniture. Now that we have a new factory in Wisconsin, where we can obtain all the oak lumber we need, we should resume production. Given the popularity of woodcraft, our sales are likely to increase dramatically in the next five years."官方范文：The vice president's argument commits a logical fallacy in assuming that the conditions that were in place five years ago will have the same effect on future sales.To begin with, it is doubtful that the discontinuation of the 1000 series furniture was the primary cause of the company's decrease in sales five years ago. Yes, it is true that the company had difficultyobtaining reliable supplies of high-quality oak lumber at that time, but that does not necessarily mean that the discontinuation of the furniture was the cause of the sales decrease. There could have been other factors at play, such as changes in consumer preferences or economic conditions. Therefore, it is not a valid assumption to claim that the company's sales will increase dramatically in the next five years simply because it now has enough oak lumber.Furthermore, even if we assume that the discontinuation of the 1000 series furniture was indeed the cause of the sales decrease, it does not necessarily mean that resuming production will lead to increased sales. The popularity of woodcraft does not guarantee that the company's furniture will be successful in the market. There are many other factors that determine the success of a product, such as design, quality, pricing, and competition. Without considering these factors, it is premature to conclude that the company's sales will increase dramatically by resuming production.In addition, the argument fails to address the current market demand for oak furniture. The fact that the company now has enough oak lumber does not mean that there is a high demand for oak furniture in the market. The popularity of woodcraft may not translate into high demand for the company's specific products. Without conducting market research and analyzing consumer trends, it is not reasonable to assume that the company's sales will increase dramatically.In conclusion, the vice president's argument is flawed due to the assumption that the conditions that were in place five years agowill have the same effect on future sales. Additionally, the argument fails to consider other factors that determine the success of a product, such as design, quality, pricing, and competition. Without addressing these factors and conducting market research, it is not valid to claim that the company's sales will increase dramatically by resuming production.二、Issue Task范文精讲：Issue Task要求考生在给出的观点和论述下，发表自己的观点并进行论证。