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06 阅读理解-说明文一．考点综述“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。
它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。
说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。
说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。
说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。
然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。
高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。
因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
二．真题再现【2020·浙江卷】I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action anddialogue will tell you the story.26421．What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?A．He has written dozens of plays. B．He has a deep love for the theater.C．He is a professional stage actor. D．He likes reading short plays to others.22．What does the author avoid doing in his work?A．Stating the plays’ central ideas.B．Selecting works by famous playwrights. C．Including various types of plays. D．Offering information on the playwrights.23．What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?A．Control their feelings. B．Apply their acting skills.C．Use their imagination. D．Keep their audience in mind.24．What is this text?A．A short story. B．An introduction to a book.C．A play review. D．An advertisement for a theater.【答案】21．B22．A23．C24．B【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。
专题01 阅读理解(说明文)高频话题01 人与自我—饮食Passage 12022-2023学年下学期·福建福州·高一期末试卷New Year’s Day is meant for food. As the new year arrives around the world, there could be special cakes and breads, for example, long noodles representing long life, field peas representing coins, and pigs representing good luck. The particulars vary, but the general theme is the same: Enjoy food and drink to bring in a year of prosperity. Here are some of the New Year’s food traditions around the world.Hoppin’ John, American SouthA major New Year’s food tradition in the American South, Hoppin’ John is a dish of pork-flavored field peas or black-eyed peas—symbolizing coins—and rice, frequently served with cooked greens—as they’re the color of money and cornbread—the color of gold. The dish is said to bring good luck in the new year.Twelve grapes, SpainThe people of Spain traditionally watch a broadcast from Puerta del Sol in Madrid, where people gather in front of the square’s clock tower to ring in the New Year. Those out in the square and those watching at home take part in an unusual annual tradition: At the stroke of midnight, they eat one grape for every toll of the clock bell. Some even get their grapes ready—peeling and seeding the—to make sure they will be as efficient as possible when mid-night comes.Tamales, MexicoTamales, corn dough filled with meat, cheese and other delicious additions and wrapped in a banana leaf or acorn husk, make appearances at pretty much every special occasion in Mexico. In many families, groups of women gather together to make hundreds of the little packets to hand out to friends, family and neighbors. Soba noodles, JapanIn Japanese households, families eat buckwheat soba noodles, or toshikoshi soba, at mid-night on New Year’s Eve to say goodbye to the year gone by and welcome the year to come. The tradition dates back to the 17th century, and the long noodles symbolize longevity and prosperity.1. The common theme of food for New Year’s Day is _______.A. to show its deliciousness and sell well in marketB. to celebrate new year and wish for blessings from natureC. to eat and drink well and hope for a fancy new yearD. to say farewell to the old year and welcome the new year2. Which dish is believed to bring good luck in the new year?A. Twelve grapes.B. Hoppin’John.C. Tamales.D. Soba noodles. 3. Which group of people would share fond with neighbors on New Year’s Day? A. The Americans. B. The Mexicans. C. The Spanish. D. The Japanese.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
