雅思写作基础训练之时态与语态

动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态动词的时态⼀、⼀般体考点（⼀）⼀般现在时1. The geography teacher told us that the earth (move) around the sun.2. Water (boil) at 100 ℃.3.The careless driver has just been fined $ 10 for stopping his car at a sign that (read) “NO PARKING”.4. Whatever you (say), I will not change my mind.5. Don’t try to run before you (begin) to walk.6. I’ll go with you if I (finish) my work.【总结】1．定义：表⽰现在的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。

时间状语：every day; often; usually; always; seldom; sometimes2. ⼀般现在时可以表⽰或。

3. 在让步、时间和条件状语从句中以及主语是祈使句时常⽤⼀般现在时代替将来时。

（⼆）⼀般过去时1. --- Nancy is not coming tonight. --- But she (promise)!2. My uncle didn’t (marry) until he was forty-five.3. --- You haven’t said a word about my new car, Brenda. Do you like it?--- I’m sorry I (not say) anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.4. --- Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.--- Oh, how nice of you! I never (think) you (be) going to bring me a gift.5. --- Your phone number again! I (not catch) it. --- It’s 9598442.【总结】定义：过去某⼀时间发⽣的动作或所处的状态。

四．雅思小作文常用语言表达1.图形种类及概述法：数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table饼图：pie chart表格图：table直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram程序图：processing/procedures diagram圆柱图：column chart描述：show/describe/illustrate/apparent/reveal/represent/demonstrate/indicate/depict2.必备句子1 这个流程图展示了雅思口语考试时如何组织进行的。

This diagram describes how an IELTS speaking test is organized.2 这个图描述了相机的内部结构。

This diagram illustrates the internal structure of the camera.3 这个图描述了微波炉是如何工作的。

This diagram descibes how a microwave stove works.4 该表格描述了从1998年到1999年男老师数量的变化。

The graph depicts the changes in the number of male teachers over the period from 1998 to 1999.5 该柱状图展示了来自5个发展中国家的留学生人数。

The bar chart illustrate the number of overseas students from five developing countries.6 该图为我们提供了有关人们为什么选择单身的有趣数据。

如何撰写英文科技论文时态与语态部分（一）TENSE（时态）撰写英文论文会涉及时态。

通常科技论文采用的时态为一般过去时，但在列表、进行统计分析或描述不争事实时应该采用一般现在时。

例如："Table 4 shows that..."（列表）；"These values are significantly greater than those of the females of the same age ，indicating that the males grew more rapidly” (统计分析)；“Water was added and the towers became damp ,which proves again that water is wet(不争事实)。

但根据Day(1989)的建议,论文中凡涉及研究领域内已存在的理论和知识(包括他人在此之前发表过的论文)时均应采用一般现在时来表示对理论贡献者们的尊重。

以此推理,Introduction 和Discussion的绝大部分内容(即涉及研究领域内已有的理论和知识的部分)应采用一般现在时。

按照Day的建议,摘要通常应该采用一般过去时,因为作者在这里主要是介绍自己的工作。

（二）VOICE (语态)除了时态,语态也是撰写英文论文应该注意的方面。

读者可能会发现大量英文科技论文都采用被动语态,这虽然是事实,但并不是规则。

其实,使用被动态语态往往违背科技论文"精确”、"简洁”的要求。

譬如"It was found that” 就远没有"I found ”来的清晰明了。

我的一位同事在博士论文中通篇采用被动语态，结果答辩时考官不明白他到底是在引用别人的工作还是自己的工作。

科技论文中主动语态和被动语态可以并用，具体使用哪种语态首先取决于句子所要强调的重点，同时应该考虑表达的简练和精确。

英语写作中的时态与语态的运用在英语写作中，正确地使用时态和语态是非常重要的。

时态和语态错误可能会导致读者对文章的理解产生误解。

本文将探讨英语写作中时态和语态的运用。

时态时态是指动词所描述的动作或状态与现在、过去或将来的时间关系。

英语包括12个时态，分为四类：简单时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。

以下是它们各自的用法：1. 简单时态简单现在时：表示现在或经常性的动作。

例：I walk to work every day.简单过去时：表示过去的动作或状态。

例：I walked to work yesterday.简单将来时：表示将来的动作或状态。

例：I will walk to work tomorrow.2. 进行时态现在进行时：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。

例：I am walking to work right now.过去进行时：表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。

例：I was walking to work at 8 o'clock this morning.将来进行时：表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。

例：I will be walking to work at this time tomorrow.3. 完成时态现在完成时：表示动作已经完成，对现在有影响或结果。

例：I have walked 10 kilometers today.过去完成时：表示过去某个时间已经完成的动作。

例：I had walked 10 kilometers by the time I arrived at work.将来完成时：表示将来某个时间已经完成的动作。

例：I will have walked 10 kilometers by the time I get to work tomorrow.4. 完成进行时态现在完成进行时：表示现在仍在进行的动作和已经完成的动作。

例：I have been walking for an hour.过去完成进行时：表示过去某个时间一直在进行的动作，直到另一个动作发生。

时态与语态知识点总结时态和语态是我们在学习英语过程中经常遇到的两个概念。

掌握时态和语态的正确使用对于准确表达思想、避免误解是非常重要的。

本文将对时态和语态的基本知识点进行总结，以帮助读者更好地掌握这两个概念。

一、时态（Tenses）时态指的是动词在时间上的形式表达。

英语中共有12个时态，包括简单现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时、过去将来时、过去将来完成时和过去完成进行时。

1. 简单现在时（Simple Present Tense）：表示现在的状态、习惯、常规或普遍真理。

例如：I work in a company.2. 现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）：表示现在正在发生的动作。

例如：She is reading a book.3. 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。

例如：I have finished my homework.4. 一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）：表示过去某个时间发生的动作。

例如：He went to the store yesterday.5. 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

例如：They were playing basketball when it started raining.6. 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）：表示过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作。

例如：We had already eaten dinner when she arrived.7. 一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：I will call you later.8. 将来进行时（Future Continuous Tense）：表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。

英语写作中的时态与语态准确运用时态和语态是英语写作中非常重要的两个方面。

准确运用时态和语态可以使文章更具凝练性和逻辑性，增强表达的准确性和清晰度。

本文将探讨英语写作中时态和语态的准确运用，并给出一些实用的技巧和例子。

时态的准确运用时态是指动词在时间上的表达方式。

在英语写作中，正确使用时态可以使文章的叙述更加连贯，逻辑更加清晰。

以下是一些常见的时态准确运用的技巧：1. 一般现在时：用于陈述客观事实、习惯性动作或普遍真理。

例如：“Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.”（水在100摄氏度时沸腾。

）2. 一般过去时：用于叙述过去发生的事情。

例如：“I went to the park yesterday.”（昨天我去了公园。

）3. 现在进行时：用于叙述当前正在进行的动作。

例如：“I am studying for my exams.”（我正在为考试而学习。

）4. 过去进行时：用于叙述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

例如：“She was cooking dinner when I arrived.”（我到达时，她正在做晚饭。

）5. 将来时态：用于叙述将来发生的事情。

例如：“I will visit my grandparents next week.”（下周我将去看望我的祖父母。

）以上只是一些常见的时态准确运用的例子，实际运用时还需根据具体语境进行判断。

在写作中，时态的准确运用可以帮助读者更好地理解作者的意图，增强文章的可读性和可信度。

语态的准确运用语态是指动词在句子中所表示的动作或状态与主语之间的关系。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

准确运用语态可以使文章的表达更加灵活和准确。

以下是一些常见的语态准确运用的技巧：1. 主动语态：用于强调主语进行的动作。

例如：“She wrote a letter.”（她写了一封信。

）2. 被动语态：用于强调动作的承受者或受事者。

例如：“The letter was written by her.”（这封信是她写的。

雅思语法
雅思考试的语法要求非常高，以下是雅思语法的一些重点：
1. 时态
雅思考试中要求考生能够正确使用各种时态。

有些场合需要使用
过去时态，有的需要使用现在时态，而有的则需要使用将来时态。

考
生需要在语法上灵活掌握各种时态，特别是在写作和口语部分要注意
时态的正确使用。

2. 主谓一致
主谓一致是英语语法中最基本和最重要的一部分。

它强调了主谓
关系必须是在人名、代词、数词等主语和动词、助动词等谓语之间达
成一致。

考生需要对主谓一致，特别是在使用不定代词、复合主语和
虚拟语气时，要更加注意。

3. 语态
语态是指句子所表达的动作或状态与说话者的关系。

英语语法中
有主动语态和被动语态两种，考生要能够掌握这两种语态的正确应用。

在雅思考试中，有时候考生需要写被动语态的句子，特别是在写作中，需要认真掌握被动语态的用法。

4. 复合句
复合句是由两个或两个以上分句组成的句子，其中至少有一个从句。

在雅思考试中，有很多题型需要考生使用复合句来回答问题或表
达自己的观点，如：听力、阅读、写作等。

考生需要掌握各种连接词
的用法，并在语法上灵活应用它们。

5. 倒装句
倒装句是英语语法中的一种句型，被广泛应用在雅思考试的各个
部分。

它的特点是主语和谓语动词在句子中位置颠倒。

考生需要能够
准确理解和使用倒装句，并了解不同情景下的倒装结构。

总之，雅思考试的语法要求非常高，考生需要通过大量的练习来
巩固和提高自己的语法水平。

只有在语法正确的基础上，才能获得更高的雅思分数。

动词时态与语态的运用技巧动词时态与语态是语言中非常重要的语法要素，不仅能够准确表达事态变化，还能够传递句子中的语气和情感。

掌握好动词时态与语态的运用技巧，对于提升写作的准确性和表达能力至关重要。

本文将为您介绍动词时态与语态的基本概念，并总结一些常见的应用技巧。

一、动词时态的基本概念动词时态是指动词在不同时间下的变化形式。

主要包括过去时（simple past）、现在时（simple present）、将来时（simple future）等。

不同的时态可以用来表示不同的时间和状态。

1.过去时过去时用来表示过去发生或存在的事情，它可以分为简单过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等。

例如：- 简单过去时：He played football yesterday.（他昨天踢足球。

）- 过去进行时：They were having dinner when I arrived.（我到达时，他们正在吃晚饭。

）- 过去完成时：She had finished her homework before she went to bed.（她在睡觉前已经完成了作业。

）2.现在时现在时表示目前正在发生或普遍存在的事情，它包括简单现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时。

例如：- 简单现在时：She works in a bank.（她在一家银行工作。

）- 现在进行时：They are watching a movie now.（他们正在看电影。

）- 现在完成时：I have already finished my homework.（我已经完成作业了。

）3.将来时将来时用来表示将来发生的事情，包括简单将来时、将来进行时等。

例如：- 简单将来时：I will go shopping tomorrow.（明天我要去购物。

）- 将来进行时：They will be having a party this time next week.（下周这个时候他们将要开派对。

雅思小作文用什么时态合适雅思考试一共包括两部分，小作文主要是以图表形式来考察大家的，在小作文中很多考生不知道用什么时态，关于这个问题，我们来看看下面这道题的一些分析，希望能帮助大家更好的准备雅思小作文考试，了解需要注意的时态问题。

雅思小作文用什么时态合适小作文中可用到的时态非常多，尤其是动态图表，难以形容清楚。

比如在线图中，多以横坐标的时间为轴，可能是60年、80年、90年、2000年到现在甚至2040年到未来，这里就在考时态变化。

比如线状图中表达上升，从2000年到2010年一直在上升，大家知道上升有多种说法，但考官关注的不是多少种上升的表达，而是能不能在考试快速写作的时候反应出时态变化。

这里描述2000年到2010年就用过去完成进行时。

遇到2040类似表示将来的，可以用将来时表达。

很多老师说尽量不要用将来时，因为现在没有统一表达，所以老师会让大家用预测表达方式，预测会上升会下降等等。

另一种雅思小作文中常见的时态问题是静态图。

静态图可能是某一个年份点收集的数据，但这类在题干中或者图表中都能找到时间。

如果整题内没有时间确定，全文都可以用现在时叙述。

归根结底还是根据雅思小作文图中或者题目里给出的时间来确定时态。

雅思写作句型变化很重要但不一定要倒装问：老师，我看了蔡基刚写的写作书，觉得句型的变化很是重要，但是以我的水平在雅思写作里肯定做不到面面俱到，比如说适当的运用倒装，我觉得如果我运用倒装的话只能是自己被熟悉的内容!这个问题很大么?老师：蔡基刚写的关于写作的书相当不错，很实用，尤其对于中英写作的对比等方面有细致的分析。

不过，句型变化固然重要，但雅思写作不一定要用到倒装。

如果你仔细分析雅思考官写的9分范文的话，倒装是很少被用到的。

雅思写作5分范文与7分范文对比Let’s compare two answers to a question.The topic is as follows:International tourism has brought enormous benefit to many places. At the same time, there is concern about its impact on local inhabitants and the environment. Do the disadvantages of international tourism outweigh the disadvantages?A Poor Essay - The following is a band 5 essay.International tourism has brought enormous benefit to many places. At the same time, there is concern about its impact on local inhabitants and the environment. Do the disadvantages of international tourism outweigh the advantages?In my opinion advantages outweight the disadvantages. Firstly, many countries like Egypt or Tailand live from tourism Lots of people work there as a seilsmens or tourist guides. These countries without support of tourists wouldn’t be able to funtcion properly.Secondly, in countries visited by tourists are plenty of places where people just can’t pass because of rare animals or p lants.Another thing is that people like traveling and seeing new exotic places. They like lie on the beach or swim in ocean.Furthermore, tourism is now more growing industry highering tousands of people. There are makeing new places to work and to have fun.But on the other hand, people often forget that they aren’t the only beings on the planet.Many tourists are living garbage just anywhere. Some of them wan’t an exotic souvenir so they pay for illegal things likedead or live animals or some sculpture.To sum up I think international traveling is a good thing but people must realise that there is something else besides them. They need to know that flora and fauna needs to be protected. People have to enjoy their holidays but alsow protect environment.Below is an analysis of this essay.Task Response.The essay question has been copied and used as the introduction (paragraph 1). Once these 34 words are taken off the word count, the response is underlength at 194 words and so loses marks. Nevertheless, the topic is addressed and a relevant position is expressed, although there are patches - as in the third paragraph - where the development is unclear. Other ideas are more relevant but are sometimes insufficiently developed.Coherence and Cohesion.The cand idate’s ideas are clearly organised, and there is an overall progression within the response. There is some effective use of a range of cohesive devices (e.g. connectives like “Secondly” and “Furthermore”). Referencing is also sometimes used effectively (e.g. in paragraph 4, the use of “they” in the second sentence to refer to “people” in the first sentence). However, there is also some mechanical over-use of linkers in places (e.g. “But on the other hand,” paragraph 6). As well, paragraphs are sometimes rather too short and inappropriate.Lexical Resource.A range of vocabulary is attempted, and this is adequate for a good response to the task. However, control of the vocabulary is weak, and there are frequent spelling errors which can causesome difficulti es for the reader (e.g. “seilsmens” instead of “salesmen,”paragraph 2). This lowers the mark.Grammatical Range and Accuracy.The candidate uses a mix of simple and complex structures with frequent subordinate clauses. Control of complex structures is variable, and although errors are noticeable, they only rarely make it difficult to understand the message.A Good Essay - The following is a band 7 essay.Tourism is a very big industry in the modern time and is growing quite rapidly. Thousands of people travel everywhere to various destinations every year. Arguments have come up regarding the benefits and negative impacts of tourism in places and on its local inhabitants and environment; however, I believe there are more advantages than disadvantages of international tourism.People travel for various reasons; we travel for business purposes, holidays, visit friends and relatives etc. Travelling is mostly seen as a recreational activity. Tourism has many advantages. Tourism can play a tremendous part in a countrys economy, the more tourists visit a country and spend money there, the better it is for the country; that way more money is circulated within the country and even the stability of their currencys rate of exchange persists if not improve. Vendors and shops get to sell more goods and make an income. Tourism also has its non-monetary advantages; it brings cultures and people closer. People from all around the world get to share their culture with each other and even learn more. This is a good opportunity in education.Tourism seems to have some disadvantages too; However, I believe the problems caused by tourism are not something thatcannot be solved or prevented. A lot of people believe that tourism can destroy or deviate culture and causes quite an impact on visited locations, such as pollution and littering. People can adhere to their own beliefs and way of life if they want to; no one can really forcefully influence someone to change from their morals and ethics. Pollution can be avoided by increasing usage of environmental friendly vehicles used for tours and rents, warnings and visual education on littering and smoking, specific times can be allocated for tours to certain areas, such as peak times where local inhabitants feel uncomfortable due to too many foreigners.Where there are problems there can always be solutions. Tourism brings great amount of advantages for any place in many ways and is a “win-win” exchange process. The very few problems caused can always be avoided or taken care of. I believe tourism should be highly promoted, specially in traditional and poor countries with natural beauty such as Thailand.Below is an analysis of this essay.Task Response.The candidate addresses both aspects of the task and presents a clear position throughout the response. Main ideas are generally clear and relevant,although some supporting ideas lack focus, as in the opening of paragraph 2.Coherence and Cohesion.Ideas are generally wellorganised, and there is a clear overall progression with only minor lapses where points are not well-integrated i n t o t h e a r g u m e n t . A r a n g e o f c o h e s i v e d e v i c e s i s u s e d e f f e c t i v e l y , a l t h o u g h t h e r e i s s o m e u n d e r - u s e o f c o n n e c t i v e s a n d s u b s t i t u t i o n , a n d s o m e l a p s e s i n t h e u s e o f r e f e r e n c in g . / p > p s t y l e = " t e x t - i n d e n t : 2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; " b d s f i d = " 1 1 5 " > L e x i c a l R e s o u r c e . / p > p s t y l e = " t e x t - i n d e n t : 2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; "b d s f i d = " 1 1 6 " > A g o o d r a n g e o f v oc a b u l a r y i s u s ed w i t h s o mef l e x i b i l i t y a n d p r e c i s i o n . T h e c a n d i d a t e h a s ag o o d a w a r e n e s s o f s t y l e a n d c o l l o c a t i o n , a l th o u g h o c c a si o n a l a w k w a r d e x p r e s s i o n s o r i n c o r r e c t w o r d c h o i c e s a n d w o r d f o r m l o w e r t h e m a r k . / p > p s t y l e = " t e x t - i n d e n t : 2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; " b d s f i d = " 1 1 7 " > G r a m m a t i c a l R a n g e a n d A c c u r a c y . / p > p s t y l e = " te x t - i n d e n t : 2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l ef t ; " b d s f i d = "1 1 8 " > A g o o d r a n g e o f s e n t e n c e s t r u c t u r e s i s u s e d w i t h a h i g h l e v e l o f a c c u r a c y r e s u l t i n g i n f r e q u e n t e r r o r - f r e e s e n t e n c e s . M i n o r s y s t e m a t i c e r r o r s p e r s i s t , h o w e v e r , a n d p u n c t u a t i o n i s u n h e l p f u l a t t i m e s . / p > p s t y l e = " t e x t - i n d e n t :2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; " b d s f i d = " 1 1 9 " >。

雅思基础+写作语法总结一．时态问题：四种时态：一般现在时;现在进行时;现在完成时;一般将来时动词用第三人称单数;例如：打工对一个人的将来的事业有深远的影响..过去现在未来都有影响;客观;单数Taking part-time jobs exerts profound impacts on one’s future career.国际旅游业促进经济发展..过去现在未来都促进;客观;单数International tourism promotes the economic development.现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态..现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”;表示逐渐的过程is developing rapidly/dramatically.现在完成时： 1.表示结果和影响;一般表示变化大;发展了..2.表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在注意常用搭配：In recent years; In the past decades…最近几十年期间;世界发生了巨大的改变..In the past decades; dramatic changes have taken place in the world. 最近几年;科技极大的改变了人们的生活..In recent years; technology has reshaped people’s life.犯罪率已经急剧上升了..The crime rate has increased sharply.will do电脑将会在教育过程中起越来越关键的作用;但是它们绝对不能在教室中取代老师的地位..Computers will play an increasingly critical role in education; but it is not possible that they could replace teachers in the classroom. /but it is impossible for them to replace teachers in the classroom.二．语态问题：常见被动语态结构：be done一般现在时 Am; is; are done正在进行时 Is being done现在完成时 Have/has been done一般将来时 Will be done应该把优先权给教育Priorities should be given to education.很多动物的栖息地正在被破坏Many habitants of animals are being destroyed书信已经逐渐被先进的科技所代替Letters have been replaced by advanced technology gradually.三．简单句：1简单句：主流句型;主要结构会使用就可以了..主谓宾;例如：例句1 人们在这个问题上的观点不一样..People have different views on this question..People’s ideas vary/differ on this issue.1．主系表;例如：例句2 代沟是我们现在所面临的问题..Generation gap is a problem that we are confronted with. Generation gap is now a problem we have to face.环境问题是现代社会中一个严重的问题The environmental problem is a serious problem in modern society.不能出现没有谓语;或者双谓语的情况;否则分数不会高于5分仔细阅读作文反馈2并列句：既然叫并列;那就是连接两个句子..说明连接词前后的两个句子都要有谓语And; but; orboth…and…;not only…but also…;neither…nor…;either…or…可以并列主语;谓语;宾语;状语并列的两个部分词性和结构要相同主语+谓语 + by either doing A or doing B 通过A方法或者B方法;….可以得到…主语+谓语+ by not only doing A; but more importantly/seriously;doing B主语+谓语not only in terms of A; but more importantly/seriously;in terms of B 不止在A方面;更重要/严重的是;在B方面例句1：很多小孩被溺爱;不但在关心和照顾方面;而且;更严重的是;在物质方面..Most children are spoilt; not only in terms of care and attention; but more seriously; material ways.例句2：通过鼓励学生穿精心设计的校服或者引导他们参加一些能体现出团队精神的活动;学生的行为可以得到逐步的改善Students’ behaviors can be improved by either encouraging students to wear well-designed uniforms or guiding 形式统一them to participate in activities which reveal the spirit of team work.例句3：肥胖症可以减轻;方法是不但要养成良好的饮食习惯;更重要的是要多做运动;比如慢跑;跳绳等等..Obesity can be relieved by not only forming good dietary/eating habits; but more importantly taking more exercises; such as jogging and rope skipping.四．复杂句：宾语从句：宾语由句子充当..连接词可以省略..掌握度较好表述观点：认为： insist; maintain; hold; suggest; argue; believe支持：favor; propose; support; agree; advocate;be for; be in favor of反对：object; opposebe againstSome people do believe thatSome people are fully convinced thatSome people assert thatSome people deem thatSome people argue thatSome people claim thatSome people doubt thatSome people deny that主语从句：1. It is suggest ed in the graph that…+句子indicate; demonstrate; illustrateit指代的是什么It is reported that/estimated that/proved thatIt is well-known/generally accepted/universally acknowledged that 以上that不能省略2. Whether S +V is a controversial issue.Whether we should make effort to/endeavor to preserve endangered species is …Whether we should do…depen ds on whether S +V 划分结构我们能否成功取决于我们能否坚持Whether we will succeed depends on whether we persist.3. What we should do is to do….We should protect animals.改写：What we should pay attention to/ emphasize/stress is to do老师应该强调的是告诉学生多练习What teachers should emphasize is to tell students to practice more. What we are faced with is that …主语从句+表语从句我们面临的是自然资源的枯竭What we are faced with is the depletion of natural resources What we should solve immediately is that…What concerns us most is…What I am concerned with is…..主语从句：it is+ adj. +that+完整的句子 it指代形式主语避免头重脚轻It is important/vital/crucial/pivotal/essential/significantthat … 很重要It is clear/evident/obvious/manifest/as clear as crystal/quite common that...... 很明显It is undoubted/undeniable/doubtless that...... 毋庸置疑It is a pity/a shame/这很遗憾a common sense/practice 这是个常识It is well/increasingly/widely/commonly/generallyknown/recognized/accepted/acknowledged that 众所周知It is conceivable that 可想而知It is desirable/admirable that 可取的It is advisable that 最好做某事It is probable/possible/likely that 可能的It is imperative that 必要的it is preferable/profitable thatIt is hazardous/risky/perilous that 危险的It must be stressed out that 必须要指出It must be admitted that 必须要承认It is reported that 据报道It is suggested that 有人建议It is assumed that 有人认为It is estimated that 据估计It is always the case that 情况总是这样的表语从句： is that +完整句子 that不能省略例句1:我的第一个理由是;学术课程经历了时间的考验而且代表了古老文化的精华..My first reason is that academic courses withstand the test of time and represent the essence of ancient cultures.例句2：在教育中使用电脑的一个优点是;他们能够最大程度上丰富传统的教学方法..One advantage of the application of computers in education is that they can enrich the traditional teaching methods to a great extent.同位语从句：常用的：the fact/idea/belief/recognition/suggestion/proposal/attempt/effort that+句子 that不能省主句要有自己的谓语Be based on the belief that 基于这样的想法From the above discussion; we can safely draw the conclusion that…There is no evidence that…Despite the fact that….为什么要加the factneglect/ignore/overlook/ lose sight of / be blind to/fail to consider the fact that忽视了某个事实例句1：政府不应该忽视这样的事实;囚禁罪犯最起码是对受害者的安慰.. The government should not be blind to the fact that imprisonment of criminals is the comfort to the victims at the very least.例句2：大学生应该承担全部学费;基于这样的一种普遍认识;那就是;大学生通常比没有学位的人赚钱多很多..University students should bear total expenses for their tuition on the generalization that university students usually earn much more than people without a degree.定语从句：定语从句：名词短定语人;who;物; which; that…Those who+从句谓语+主句谓语例句1 :支持这种观点的人给出如下理由..Those who favor this view give the following reasons.例句2：上网成瘾的人总是会孤立的;不善于社交的;甚至是抑郁的.. Those who are addicted to the Internet tend to be isolated; unsociable or even depressed.主+谓; which 主+谓非限制定语从句..安全例句1：父母能集中发展他们的事业;这将会为他们的孩子带来更好的生活条件..Parents can focus on their careers; which will bring better life conditions for their children.例句2：政府应该鼓励大家乘坐公交车;这将在很大程度上人们多做公交车;这将减轻交通方面的压力..The government should encourage people to take public transport; which will relieve the pressure on traffic to a great extent.介词+引导词;主句+逗号+some of which; two of which; 用于物few of whom 用于人例句1：网络带来了很多的实际好处;其中两个值得大家注意..The Internet brings many tangible benefits; two of which物 deserve most attention..例句2：已经采取了很多步骤去见减轻交通方面的压力;很遗憾;这些之中有些无效..Many steps have been taken to relieve the pressure on traffic; pitifully some of which are ineffective.例句3：很多人每天被广告浸泡;很少有人想到它的影响..Many people are immersed inexposed to advertisements every day; few of whom think of its impacts.状语从句：时间：when; after; before; until; once; whenever原因：because; +句子…; for…as; since;for the simple reason that+句子切记：有些词后面只能加名词：because of/due to /owing to 因为/thanks to 多亏了结果：注意在句子里面的位置原因; so+结果前后都为句子;thus+being 结果Therefore; 结果Consequently; 结果Hence; 结果As a result;结果如此…以至于So…that…Such…that…例句1：有些小孩太沉迷上网以至于他们可能会忽视他们的学习..Some children tend to be so addicted to the Internet that they may ignore their academic study.条件：如果;只要If 主谓;★原则：主将从现 if it rains tomorrow; we will not go to school. if后面是从句只要;在…情况下：As long asOn condition that…Provided that… that不能省Under the circumstances that…例句1：政府应该探索太空;只要政府的财政不紧张..provided thatThe government can explore the space provided that its budget is not tight.例句2：学生可以打工;只要他们能够平衡学习和工作;并且合理安排好自己的时间..Students can take part-time jobs provided that they can balance work and study and plan their time properly..让步虽然Though; although; 不能和but连用Even if 即使No matter + what; where; when; how….No matter where you go; I will stay with you.Despite the fact that…例句1: 虽然这个观点看起来有道理;但是它站不住脚..Despite the fact that : Despite the fact that the view seems reasonable; it does not hold water.Though: though the view seems reasonable; it ….雅思基础+写作语法总结一．时态问题：四种时态：一般现在时;现在进行时;现在完成时;一般将来时动词用第三人称单数;打工对一个人的将来的事业有深远的影响..国际旅游业促进经济发展..过去现在未来都促进;客观;单数现在进行时：1.表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态..现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”;2.表示逐渐的过程is developing rapidly/dramatically.现在完成时： 1.表示结果和影响;一般表示变化大;发展了..2.表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在注意常用搭配：In recent years; In the past decades…最近几十年期间;世界发生了巨大的改变..最近几年;科技极大的改变了人们的生活..犯罪率已经急剧上升了..will do电脑将会在教育过程中起越来越关键的作用;但是它们绝对不能在教室中取代老师的地位..二．语态问题：常见被动语态结构：be done一般现在时 Am; is; are done正在进行时 Is being done现在完成时 Have/has been done一般将来时 Will be done应该把优先权给教育很多动物的栖息地正在被破坏书信已经逐渐被先进的科技所代替三．简单句：1简单句：主流句型;主要结构会使用就可以了..主谓宾;例如：例句1 人们在这个问题上的观点不一样..People have different views on this question..People’s ideas vary/differ on this issue.2．主系表;例如：例句2 代沟是我们现在所面临的问题..环境问题是现代社会中一个严重的问题不能出现没有谓语;或者双谓语的情况;否则分数不会高于5分仔细阅读作文反馈2并列句：连接词前后的两个句子都要有谓语And; but; orboth…and…;not only…but also…;neither…nor…;either…or…可以并列主语;谓语;宾语;状语并列的两个部分词性和结构要相同可以得到…主语+谓语+ by not only doing A; but more importantly/seriously;doing B例句1：很多小孩被溺爱;不但在关心和照顾方面;而且;更严重的是;在物质方面..例句2：通过鼓励学生穿精心设计的校服或者引导他们参加一些能体现出团队精神的活动;学生的行为可以得到逐步的改善例句3：肥胖症可以减轻;方法是不但要养成良好的饮食习惯;更重要的是要多做运动;比如慢跑;跳绳等等..四．复杂句：宾语从句：支持：favor; propose; support; agree; advocate;be for; be in favor ofSome people do believe thatSome people are fully convinced thatSome people assert thatSome people deem thatSome people argue thatSome people claim thatSome people doubt thatSome people deny that主语从句：1. It is suggest ed in the graph that…+句子indicate; demonstrate; illustrateIt is reported that/estimated that/proved thatIt is well-known/generally accepted/universally acknowledged that以上that不能省略Whether we should make effort to/endeavor to preserve endangered species is …我们能否成功取决于我们能否坚持3. What we should do is to do….We should protect animals.改写：What we should pay attention to/ emphasize/stress is to do老师应该强调的是告诉学生多练习我们面临的是自然资源的枯竭What we should solve immediately is that…What concerns us most is…What I am concerned with is…..主语从句：it is+ adj. +that+完整的句子It is important/vital/crucial/pivotal/essential/significantthat … 很重要It is clear/evident/obvious/manifest/as clear as crystal/quite common that...... 很明显It is undoubted/undeniable/doubtless that...... 毋庸置疑It is a pity/a shame/这很遗憾a common sense/practice 这是个常识It is well/increasingly/widely/commonly/generallyknown/recognized/accepted/acknowledged that 众所周知It is conceivable that 可想而知It is desirable/admirable that 可取的It is advisable that 最好做某事It is probable/possible/likely that 可能的It is imperative that 必要的it is preferable/profitable thatIt is hazardous/risky/perilous that 危险的It must be stressed out that 必须要指出It must be admitted that 必须要承认It is reported that 据报道It is suggested that 有人建议It is assumed that 有人认为It is estimated that 据估计It is always the case that 情况总是这样的表语从句：例句1:我的第一个理由是;学术课程经历了时间的考验而且代表了古老文化的精华..例句2：在教育中使用电脑的一个优点是;他们能够最大程度上丰富传统的教学方法..同位语从句：常用的：the fact/idea/belief/recognition/suggestion/proposal/attempt/effort that+句子 that不能省主句要有自己的谓语Be based on the belief that 基于这样的想法From the above discussion; we can safely draw the conclusion that…There is no evidence that…neglect/ignore/overlook/ lose sight of / be blind to/fail to consider the fact that忽视了某个事实例句1：政府不应该忽视这样的事实;囚禁罪犯最起码是对受害者的安慰..例句2：大学生应该承担全部学费;基于这样的一种普遍认识;那就是;大学生通常比没有学位的人赚钱多很多..定语从句：定语从句：名词短定语人;who;物; which; that…Those who+从句谓语+主句谓语例句1 :支持这种观点的人给出如下理由..例句2：上网成瘾的人总是会孤立的;不善于社交的;甚至是抑郁的..主+谓; which 主+谓例句1：父母能集中发展他们的事业;这将会为他们的孩子带来更好的生活条件..例句2：政府应该鼓励大家乘坐公交车;这将在很大程度上人们多做公交车;这将减轻交通方面的压力..例句1：网络带来了很多的实际好处;其中两个值得大家注意..例句2：已经采取了很多步骤去见减轻交通方面的压力;很遗憾;这些之中有些无效..例句3：很多人每天被广告浸泡;很少有人想到它的影响..状语从句：时间：when; after; before; until; once; whenever原因：because; +句子as; since;for the simple reason that+句子切记：有些词后面只能加名词：because of/due to /owing to 因为/thanks to 多亏了结果：注意在句子里面的位置原因; so+结果前后都为句子;thus+being 结果Therefore; 结果Consequently; 结果Hence; 结果As a result;结果如此…以至于So…that…Such…that…例句1：有些小孩太沉迷上网以至于他们可能会忽视他们的学习..条件：如果;只要If 主谓;★原则：主将从现 if it rains tomorrow; we will not go to school.只要;在…情况下：As long asOn condition that…Provided that… that不能省Under the circumstances that…例句1：政府应该探索太空;只要政府的财政不紧张..provided that例句2：学生可以打工;只要他们能够平衡学习和工作;并且合理安排好自己的时间..on condition that让步虽然Though; although; 不能和but连用Even if 即使No matter + what; where; when; how….No matter where you go; I will stay with you.例句1: 虽然这个观点看起来有道理;但是它站不住脚..Despite the fact that :Though:HW：请背诵并正确使用以上划线部分。