光催化降解有机污染物
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Multi-layerthree-dimensionallyorderedBismuthtrioxide/Titanium
dioxidenanocomposite:Synthesisandenhancedphotocatalytic
activity
LiLia,b,c,⇑,XiandanHuangb,a,JianqiZhangb,a,WenzhiZhangb,FengyanMab,ZhixinXiaob,ShuangGaib,
DandanWangb,NaLib
aCollegeofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,QiqiharUniversity,Qiqihar161006,PRChinabCollegeofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,QiqiharUniversity,Qiqihar161006,PRChinacCollegeofHeilongjiangProvinceKeyLaboratoryofFineChemicals,QiqiharUniversity,Qiqihar161006,PRChina
articleinfo
Articlehistory:Received22September2014Accepted24November2014Availableonline5December2014
Keywords:PolystyreneEO20PO70EO20Three-dimensionallyorderedmacroporousmaterialBi2O3/TiO2PhotocatalysisCrystalvioletabstract
Takingpolystyrenelatexspheres(PS)andEO20PO70EO20(P123)asdualtemplates,andTiO2wasusedassubstrate,aseriesofmulti-layerthreedimensionallyorderedmacroporous(3DOM)compositesBi2O3/TiO2weresuccessfullysynthesizedwithsol–gelmethodandpost-processingcalcination.Thefourier-transforminfraredspectroscopy(FT-IR),X-raydiffraction(XRD),UV–visdiffusereflectance(UV–vis/DRS),X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),highresolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HR-TEM)andnitrogenadsorption–desorptionmeasurementswereemployedtoanalyzethecrystallinephase,chemicalcompo-sition,morphology,andsurfacephysicochemicalpropertiesofas-synthetizedsamples.Theresultsshowedthatas-compositeswereprovidedwithobviouscrystallinephasestructureandperiodicallyhighlyuniformorderedmacroporousstructurewithmesoporouswalls;moreover,ofwhichwasmulti-layerthreedimensionallyorderedstructure.AsaresultofuniqueopticalpropertiesofBi2O3andcompos-itematerialstructuralcharacteristicbeingpropitioustoreactantmoleculartransmissionanddiffusion,thephotocatalyticactivitiesof3DOMBi2O3/TiO2wereenhanced,andthesample3DOMBi2O3/TiO2-2wassignificantlyhigherthanthatofdirectphotolysis,P25,Bi2O3,andother3DOMBi2O3/TiO2-X(X=1,3,4)duringthephotocatalyticdegradationofcrystalvioletundermulti-modessuchasUV,visiblelight,simulatedsolarlight,andmicrowave-assistedirradiation.ThecentrifugalsampleswatersolutionphaseofTOCanalysisindicatedthatwatersolutionproductsformedwithcontinuedultravioletradiation,theintermediateseventuallymineralized,volatilized,orwereconvertedtootherproducts.Inaddition,thephotocatalyticactivityof3DOMBi2O3/TiO2-2compositewasbasicallykeptevenafterthreecycles.Meanwhile,thepossiblephotocatalyticreactionmechanismofas-synthesizedmaterialbasedontheexperimentalresultswasproposed.Ó2014ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
1.Introduction
Inrecentyears,thesemiconductorphotocatalysttechnology
showspotentialapplicationvalueowingtothatisappliedtoenvi-
ronmentalcleaning,solarenergyconversionandH-energyproduc-
tion[1–5].Almostalldifficulttodegradeorganicpollutantshave
beenultimatelycompletelymineralizedintoCO2andH2Ounder
theactionofsemiconductorphotocatalystwithlightespeciallyin
thefieldofdegradationoforganicpollutants.Atpresent,thesemi-
conductorphotocatalysthasbeenwideapplicationsuchasanataseTiO2andwurtziteZnO.Althoughthesekindsofsemiconductor
photocatalystarecheap,non-toxicandhighactivity,theycanonly
beexcitedunderultravioletlight,limitingtheirapplicationatthe
sametime[6–10].Thus,avarietyofapproacheshavebeen
exploredtodevelopthevisiblelightphotocatalyticmaterialsfor
thesakeofabsorbingmaximumsolartophotocatalyticdegrada-
tion,includingphase/morphologicalcontrol,iondoping,surface
sensitization,noblemetalloading,andheterostructureconstruct-
ing.Amongthem,oneofthemosteffectivemethodsisthatusing
narrowbandgapsemiconductorcompoundswithvisiblelightcat-
alystmaterial.Bi2O3isanimportantnon-poisonousnarrowband
gapphotosensitizerwithadirectbandgapof2.1–2.8eV,andthe
highoxidationabilityofelectronholesofBi2O3isregardedasan
importantconditionforakindofgoodphotocatalyticmaterials.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.0620021-9797/Ó2014ElsevierInc.Allrights
reserved.⇑Correspondingauthorat:CollegeofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,QiqiharUniversity,Qiqihar161006,PRChina.E-mailaddresses:qqhrlili@126.com,qqhrll@163.com(L.
Li).JournalofColloidandInterfaceScience443(2015)13–22
ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirect
JournalofColloidandInterfaceScience
www.elsevier.com/l
o
c
ate/jcisHowever,toomanyopportunitiesfortherecombinationofphoto-
formedelectronsandholesowingtothenarrowbandgapofBi2O3semiconductorsandthenapplicationislimited[11–14].Accord-
ingly,catalystispreparedbytheTiO2compoundswithBi2O3,
exploitingthesynergytoimprovetheutilizationrateofcatalyst
forthelight,sothentosolvetheaporiaofBi2O3electronholeseas-
ilyrecombinationhavebeendeservesspecialattention[15,16].
Furthermore,tofurtherimprovethephotocatalyticactivityby