仁爱版初中英语语法大全-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1仁爱版初中英语语法汇总一．名词I. 名词的种类：II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。
1. ’s所有格的构成：2. ’s所有格的用法：3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed二．冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法：II. 定冠词的用法：III. 零冠词的用法：三．代词：I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：II. 不定代词用法注意点：1. one, some与any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。
some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks No, I don’t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。
Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。
11.Onthewallhangtwopicturesoffamousscientists.12.Lookingbackuponthosepastyears,hecouldn’thelpfeelingveryproud.13.Nosooner(Hardly)hadhearrivedatthetheatrethan(when)theplaystarted.14.Youngasheis,hehaslearnedadvancedmathematics.15.HowIregretthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields!16.?Therestandsabeautifulvaseinthecorneroftheroom.17.Tenmilesnorthofthetownliesapaperfactory.18.Theregoesthebell.19.?Nowherehastheworldeverseensuchabirdashere.20.Itisnousecryingforhelp.21.?IfonlyIhadbeenyourstudentinthemiddleschool!22.?Itisbelievedthatsuchathingwillnothappenagain.23.?OnlywhenheexplaineddidIrealizethereasonforthis.24.?“Heworksparticularlyhard.”?“Sohedoes,andsodoyou.”25.NotonlyAlicebutalsoJaneandMaryaretiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.26.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplepersonofgreatachievements.??十五。
动词搭配1.addto增加，增进?add…to把…加进…?addup相加?addupto总计，所有这一切说明?1)Idon'tthinkthesefactswill________anything.?2)Fiftynewbookshavebeen________thelibrary.?3)Themusic_________ourenjoymentofthefilm.?4)Youmusthavemadeamistakewhenyou_______thebill________.?(addupto,addedto,addto,added…up)2.breakawayfrom打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉?breakdown出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开?breakoff暂停，中断?breakin强行进入，插话?breakinto闯入breakintopieces成为碎片?breakout爆发?breakup捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散?breakthrough突破?1)Thecriminalmanagedtobreak_______?______thepoliceandranintothewoods. ?2)Whenheheardthenews,hebroke_______andcried.?3)Don'tbreak________whileothersarespeaking.?4)Whydon'tyoubreak________forafewminutesandhavesomecoffee??5)Whendoesschoolbreak________??6)Afterharvestwebreak_________thesoilwithatoolpulledbytwooxen.?(awayfrom,down,in,off,up,up)3.bringup抚养，呕吐，提出?bringabout造成?bringout拿出，出版?bringin引入，引进，挣钱?bringback使回想起?bringdown使下降，使倒下?1)Theshopkeeperbroughthisprice_________toonlyfivedollars.?2)Theschoolhasbrought_________newforeignteacherstoteachoralEnglish.?3)Thesongbrought___________happymemoriesofourschooldays.?4)Doyouknowwhatbrought___________thismisunderstanding??5)Thekindoldmanagreedtobring__________theyoungorphan.?6)Wedecidedtobringthematter___atthenextmeeting.?7)Thewindbrought_______alotoftreeslastnight.?8)Nextmonththeywill?bring________aneweditionof?thebook.??(down,in,back,about,up,up,down,out)4.callon号召，拜访（某人）?callat拜访、参观（某地）?callfor去叫某人,要求,需要?callup使回忆起,征召入伍??callin召集，请某人来?callout大喊，高叫?calloff取消，不举行?1)Doctorsareoftencalled_____inthemiddleofthewar.?2)Pleasewaitformeathome.I'llcall_______youatyourhouseatseventonight. ?3)Thetrainscalls_______severalbigcitiesbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou. ?4)Hecalledhername__________,butshedidn'tanswer.?5)Thesportsmeetwascalled____onaccountoftherain.?(in,for,at,out,off)eabout发生，出现?comedown下跌，落，降，传下来?comein进来?comeinto(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)?comeon来临/快点?comeout出版，结果是?comealong一道来，赶快?cometo达到(anend/anagreement/astop)苏醒，合计，总共是?comeover走过来?comeup发芽，走近?comeacross偶然碰到?comeback回想起?comefrom来自，源自?1)Icome_________thebookIlentyoulastmonth.?2)Howdiditcome_________thatyoubothgotlost?Ithoughtyouhadamap. ?3)Itsuddenlycame_________tomewhereIhadseentheboybefore.?4)Come__________now,orelseweshallbelate.?5)Hecame__________melikeatiger.?6)Thepriceofpetrolhascome_________sincethebeginningofthisyear. ?7)Thewordcame__________usemanyyearsago.?8)Whentheexaminationresultcame_________,hehadalreadygotajob.?9)Thebillcame__________overathousanddollars.?10)Isowedtheseedsoveramonthago,buttheyhaven'tcome__________yet. ?(for,about,back,on,at,down,into,out,to,up)6.cutacross抄近路?cutdown砍倒，削减?cutoff切断，割掉，断绝关系?cutup连根拔除，切碎?through剪断，凿穿?cutout删（省）掉，戒掉?cutin插嘴?1)Don'tcut___thistree.Itwillbeveryshadyinsummer.?2)Youmustcut________thenumberofcigarettesyousmoke,oritwillcauseillness. ?3)Wedecidedtocut_________themoor（旷野）tothevillage.?4)Cuttingthetree____meanscuttingthetreeintopieces.?5)Theelectricitywascut___________whentheladyrefusedtopaythebill.?6)WewerehavingapleasantconversationwhenTomcut__________.?（down,down,across,up,off,in）7.dieof(disease/hunger/grief/oldage)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）?diefrom死于（意外事故、情形）?dieaway渐渐消逝?dieout绝种?diedown(炉火)渐熄?dieoff逐一死去8.fallbehind落后?falloverone'sfeet跌跤?falldown掉下，跌倒?fallback撤退，后退?1)Babiesoftenfall_____whentheyarelearningtowalk.?2)Ourteamseemstohavefallen__________theothers.?3)Assoonastheenemiesfell__________,thepeoplereturnedtotheirvillage.?4)Shefell__________thebenchandhadherlegbroken.?（down,behind,back,over）??9.goinfor从事，喜爱，参加?gothrough通过，经受?goover复习，检查?goup（价格）上涨，建造起来?goafter追捕，追赶?goagainst违反?goahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧?goaway离开?goby时间过去?godown下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉?goon(with)继续进行?gowith相配，陪同?gowithout没有，缺少?goout外出，熄灭?goallout全力以赴?gooff爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应?gobackon背约，食言?gobeyond超出?1)Manynewfactorieshavegone__inthepastfewyears.?2)Rentshavegone__________greatlyrecently.?3)Manyyearshavegone___________sincewefirstmet.?4)Let'scontinueourjourneyuntilthesungoes_______.?5)Hisactionswent___________thewillofthepeople,?6)Ican'tdoit,foritgoes___________myduty.?7)Over100studentswent____________thisentranceexamination.?8)Thebombwent____________andkilledtenpeople.?9)Thebuyerwent___________thecarcarefullybeforereachingadecision.???10)Thistiedoesn'tgo___________myblueshirt.?11)Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblem,go______.?12)Manystudentswent__________playingbasketball.?(up,up,by,down,against,beyond,through,off,over,with,ahead,infor) 10.getdown下来，记下，使沮丧getdownto致力于，专心于??geton进展，进步，穿上，上车??getoff脱下,下车??getin收集，插（话）??getaway逃跑，逃脱，去休假??getover忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复??getalongwith进展，相处??getup起床??getthrough打通电话，完成，通过??getround消息传开??getclosetosth.接近，几乎??getinto(trouble)??getto(know)??getback取回，收回??getout??1)ShespokesofastthatIcouldn'tget____whathesaid.??2)Wewillfindwaystoget_________difficulties.??3)Thestoryhasgot__________,andeveryoneknowsaboutit.??4)WhenIget_________withthereport,I'llgotothecinema.??5)Afteradeliciousmealthetwomengot__________tobusiness.??6)Don'talwaysget__________awordwhenothersarespeaking.??7)Ittookmealongtimetoget___________suchanunpleasantexperience. ??(down,over,round,through,down,in,over)11.giveaway赠送，泄露，出卖??giveout发出，疲劳，分发，公布??giveoff发出（光、热、气体）??givein(tosb.)屈服??giveup放弃，让（座位）??1)Hisaccentatlastgavehim__________.??2)Theliquidgave________astrongsmell.??3)Theheadmastergave___________thenamesoftheprize-winners.??4)Thesoldiersgave_________thetowntotheenemies.??5)Whowillhelpmetogivethebooks___________???6)Don'tbelieveinthosewhogivehisfriends________.??7)Afteralongwalk,mystrengthgave____________.??(away,off,out,up,out,away,out)12.handin交上，提交??handout分发??handdown流传，遗传13.hangabout闲逛??hangup挂电话14.holdback阻止，隐瞒??holdup举起，使停顿??holdon别挂电话，等，坚持??holdout持续，坚持，伸出??holddown控制，镇压??1)I'msureheisholdingsomething_________.??2)Shemanagedtohold______heremotionuntilherguestshadleft.Thenshecried. ??3)Tellhimtohold________amoment.I'llcomesoon.??4)Ourfoodsupplywon'thold_________formorethanafewdays.??5)Thetrainwasheld________asaresultofthefloods.??6)Thesemeasureshelpedtohold___________thecity'spopulation.??7)Hold___________yourleftarm,please.??(back,back,on,out,up,down,up)15.keepup(courage,English,spirits)保持，??keepupwith跟上??keepoff(grass)不接近，离开??keepawayfrom避开，不接近，离…远远的??keepoutof??keepto(rules,promise)坚持，遵守?????keepon继续，坚持下来??keepback阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下??keepfrom克制，阻止??1)Theangryladytoldthestrangerstokeep________fromher.??2)Icanhardlykeep________mytearsafterhearinghiswords.??3)Onlypridekepther__________burstingintotears.??4)Icanscarcelykeep__________askinghimwhathehasdone.??5)"Don'ttouchme,"screamedthewoman,"Keep__________!"??6)Keep_________untilyousucceed.??7)Keep_________yourcourage,andyou'llsucceedintheend.??8)Thethickcoatcankeepthecold___________.??9)Alwaystrytokeep___________theruleswhenyouplayagame.??10)Ican'tkeep________witheverythingyou'redoing.??(away,back,from,from,off,on,up,out,to,up)16.knockat/on敲??knockinto撞到某人身上??knockdown撞倒??knockoutof把…敲出??knockover撞倒??knockoff停止工作，休息??1)Theboxersoonknockedhisopponent_________.??2)Theofficestuffknocks_________atsixeveryday.??3)Tryknocking__________thewindowandseeifthereisanyoneindoors.??4)Hewassoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknocked__________thecarparkedthere. ??(down,off,on,into)17.leavefor离开前往??leaveout删去，遗漏??leavebehind遗留,忘记拿走??leaveto留给，遗嘱赠于??leaveover遗留，剩下，延期??1)"Whosenamehasbeenleft__________?"demandedtheteacher.??2)Whenhedied,heleftallhisproperty_____hisniece.??3)Hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthisumbrella___________.??4)Don'tleavethismatter_________untiltomorrow.??5)Leavesomemeat___________fortomorrow.??6)Thosearequestionsleft_________byhistory.??(out,to,behind,over,over,over)18.lookup查找，向上看??lookthrough翻阅，浏览??lookon旁观??lookon…as看作??lookinto调查??lookafter/at/for照顾/看/寻找??lookout(for)当心??lookabout/around/round四下查看??lookdownupon瞧不起??lookbackupon回忆，回顾??lookab.upanddown仔细打量某人lookabintheface/eyes直视某人??1)Ispenttwohourslooking______thestudents'papers.??2)Look_______!Thereisabigholeinfront.??3)Hetookpartinthegame,andtherestofusjustlooked______andcheeredforhim. ??4)Theoldmanlooked_____uponthedaysofhisyouth.??5)Shewassosnobbish（势利）thatshelooked__________uponallhisneighbours. ??6)Thepolicepromisedtolook__________thecaseassoonaspossible.??7)Helooked__________butsawnobody,andhelistenedbuthearnothing.??(through,out,on,back,down,into,about/around/round)19.makeup编造，配制，打扮，组成??makeupfor弥补??makeinto/of/from制成??makeout弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单）??makefor走向，驶往，促使??1)Canyoumakethislengthofcloth__________asuit???2)Iaskedthedriverifhewasmaking___________London???3)Myfathermade__________acheckformetobuythecamera.??4)Wemustmaketheloss_________nextweek./Hetriedhardtomake________for ????thedamagehehaddone.??5)Hemade__________astory,whichIfoundhardtobelieve.??6)Someoneiscoming,butIcan'tmake___________whoitis.??(into,for,out,up/up,up,out)20.passaway去世??passby经过??passdown(on)…to传给??passthrough经历??passover漠视，忽视??1)Theoldclockhasbeenpassed________tomefrommygrandfather'sgrandfather. ??2)Themanpassed___________lastweekinpeace.??3)Wearepassing____________difficulttimes.??4)Thesecretarypassed___________thedetailsinthefirstpartofhisreport. ??(down,away,through,over)21.payback还钱，报复??payfor付钱，为…受到惩罚，因…得到报应??payoff还清??1)Howmuchdidyoupay__________thedictionary???2)Youshouldpay_________themoneyyouborrowedfromme.??3)I'llpayhim____________forallhiscrimes(罪行)againstme.??4)Someday,you'llpay__________whatyouhavedonetoday.??5)Hasshepay____________thedebtyet??（for,back,back,for,off）22.pickup拾起，获得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language ?????????/knowledge)，恢复重获(pickuphealth)??pickout挑选，辨认，看出??1)Ipickedtheinformation__________whilewaitinginthequeue.??2)Myfriendhasarrangedtopickme_________at6:00.??3)Thepatienthaspicked_________healthduringthelasttwoweeks.??4)Shepicked_______themostexpensivepairofshoes.??5)Ican'tpickJohn___________inthecrowd.??6)CanIpick__________VOAwiththisshort-waveradio???7)Hefelldownsuddenly,butpickedhimself___________quickly.??(up,up,up,out,out,up,up)??pickcotton/flower/leaves/words选词23.putup搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下??putupwith忍受??putout伸出，扑灭??putoff推迟??putinto放进，翻译??putaway放好，存钱??putdown记下，平息??puton穿戴，上映，增加(putonweight/speed)??putforward提出，提前??putthrough接通电话??putaside放到一边??putback放回??1)Heput_________halfhiswageeveryweek.??2)Thegovernmentsoonput__________therevolt（暴乱）.??3)Putyourwatch__________.It'sslow.??4)Heput__________hishandformetoshake.??5).Pleaseputme__________toExtension（分机）2.??6)Weput___________fornightatthevillageinn.??7)Heisveryproud,andheoftenput_________airs.（摆架子）??8)Wehadatelephoneput_____________inouroffice.??9)Ican'tput__________withyourlaziness.??(away,down,forward,out,through,up,on,up,up)24.pulldown拆掉，推翻?????pullon匆匆穿上/off脱??pullin进站??????????????pullout取出,(火车)离站??pulldown往下拉,拆毁????????pullover驶到一边??pullthrough恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境???pullup（使）停住??1)Thetrainslowlypulled__________anddisappearedinthedistance.??2)Alltheoldhousesherehavenowbeenpulled______,andnewonesaretobebuilt. ??3)Thecarpulled_________whenIblewthehorn.??4)Thedoctorthinksthemanwillpull__________.??5)Thedriverpulled________atthetrafficlights.??(out,down,over,through,up)25.pushover推倒，刮倒??pushahead(on,forward)继续前进，坚持下去??pushthrough排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过??1)We'vedecidedtopush__________withourplantobuildanewroad ??2)Manytreeswerepushed__________inthehurricane.??3)Theyweredeterminedtopushthenewrules________atanycost.. ??4)Takecarenottopushthebaby_________.??5)Theypushed___________thecrowdandatlastreachedus.??(on,over,through,over,through)?26.runacross偶然碰到?????runafter追逐，追捕??runaway逃跑??????????runfor竞选??runinto偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞??runoutof用完??1)Ifyoudrivesofast,you'llrun_________someonesomeday. ??2)Iran__________afriendofmineintheexhibition.??3)Ourwaterhasrun__________.Canyoufillupsomemorebottles? ??4)Whydoyoualwaysrun__________adventure???5)Hedidn'twanttorun___________presidentthatyear.??6)Inthatwayyouwillonlyrun__________difficulties.??(into,across/into,out,after,for,into)27.seeoff送行??seethrough看透，识破??seeto照料，照管28.sendfor派人去请??sendoff送行??sendout发出（光亮）等??sendup发射29.setup建立??setoff出发，触发，引起??setout动身，着手(todo)，陈述??setabout开始着手(doing)??settowork(n.)开始做??setback拨回，使推迟??1)Ishallsetmywatch___________byfiveminutes.??2)Weset__________readingthetextaloudimmediatelythebellrang.??3)Weset_________atdaybreakyesterdayandwe'vebeentravellingeversincethen. ??4)Iset__________toadvisehimnottodrink.??5)Whatwerethereasonsheset___________inhisreport???6)Thepresidentset__________aspecialgroupofsoldierstoguardhim.??7)Theunpopularlawset_________aseriesofprotests.（抗议）??(back,about,off/out,out,out,up,off)30.takeoff脱掉，起飞????????takeon呈现雇佣??takeaway拿走????????????takein吸收，领会??takeup从事，占用（时间空间）??takedown记录，取下??????takeback收回??takefor误认为????????????takealong随身带??takeover接管?????????????takeout??1)Itake_________allIsaidabouthisdishonesty.??2)Hewenttotheshelfandtook__________abookofpoems.??3)AtfirstItookhim_________adoctor.??4)Icanseethatmostofyouhavetaken________everythingthattheteachertaught. ??5)Billhasnowtaken__________hisfather'sbusiness.??6)Myjobtakes__________mostofmytime.??7)Thebosstook____________twentypeopleforhisnewcompany.??(back,down,for,in,over,up,on)??takechargeof负责,takesth.forgranted想当然,takeholdof抓住,takepridein以………为自豪,taketheplaceof,代替taketurnstodo轮流做,takeoffice就职31.thinkof想起???????????????thinkof…as把…看作??thinkout想出??????????????thinkup想出??thinkabout考虑????????????thinkover仔细考虑??thinkwellofsb.对某人看法好32.turnoff/on打开??turnover翻身，反复考虑，翻（书页），翻转??turnout证明为，结果，制造成品??turnto转向，求助??turndown调低，拒绝??turnagainst变得敌视，反对??turnaway打发走，驱逐，转过脸去??turnback返回，转回去??turnround转过身来??turnup向上翻，露面，出现，音量调大??turnin上缴??turnupsidedown把倒置，弄得乱七八糟??1)Thechildturned__________itsmotherforcomfort.??2)Turn___________andletmeseeyourface.??3)Howevermuchheturnedtheproblem________inmind,hecouldfindnosatisfactorysolution.??4)TheEnglisheveningpartyturned_________agreatsuccess.??5)Thesightoftheaccidentwastoomuchforhertobear,andsheturned_______.??6)Thefootballstadiumwasfull,andmanypeoplehadtobeturned__________.??7)Thearmyturnedhim___________onaccountof(因为)hispoorhealth.??8)Sheturnedthewholehouse___________inhersearchforhermissingpurse.??9)Wheredidyourpurseturn____________?Ifounditinthesnow.??10)Thevillagerssuddenlyturned__________theforeignerswholivednearby.??11)Thefactoryturns____________2000newcarslastyear.??(to,round,over,out,away,away,down,upsidedown,up,against,out)12。
七年级上册英语语法总汇．动词 be ( is,am,are )的用法数名词全用 are 。
变否定，更容易， 还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
二． this ， that 和 it 用法(1) this 和 that 是指示代词， it 是人称代词。
(2) 距离说话人近的人或物用 this, 距离说话人远的人或物用 that 。
如：This is a flower. 这是一朵花。
( 近处 )( 远处 ) this, 后说 that 。
如：这是一支钢笔。
那是一支铅笔。
不说 That is …。
如：这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。
可以缩写。
如： 这是一辆自行车。
那是一辆轿车。
(6) 打电话时，介绍自己用 this, 询问对方用 that 。
如：—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？ —Yes, this is. Who's that? 是的，我是，你是谁？注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说： I am …, Areyou …？ /Who are you?(7) 在回答 this 或 that 作主语的疑问句时 , 要用 it 代替 this 或 that 。
如： ① — Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？ —Yes, it is.是的，它是。
② — What 's that? 那是什么？ —It 's a kite. 是只风筝。
我(I)用 am, 你 (you) 用 are ，is 跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it) 。
单数名词用 is ，复be 后 not 加上去。
变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。
That is a tree. 那是一棵树。
(3) 放在一起的两样东西，先说 This is a pen. That is a pencil. (4) 向别人介绍某人时说 This is This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. (5) This is 不能缩写 , 而That isthese 和those 用法和those 是指示代词，these 是this 的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事；those 是that 的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
中学英语语法
一．名词
I. 名词的种类：
II. 名词的数：
1. 规则名词的复数形式：
名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
2. 不规则名词复数：
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
1
名词的所有格：III.
一是名词所有格分两种：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多of's构成，二是由介词词尾加表
所有格的用法：2. 's
today's newspaper, five weeks' holiday 表示时间１
2
所有格的用法：3. ofthe legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于无生命的东西：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the struggle of the oppressed 用于名词化的词：二．冠
定冠词的用法：II.
3
4。
