高中英语(人教版)必修2同步教师用书：Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Grammar Writing

Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing

现在完成时的被动语态

阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法

1．Over time I have been changed quite a lot.

2．I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.

3．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never

forget anything I have been told!

4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.

一、现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式

肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...

否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...

一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？

特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？

The city has been swept through by heat wave recently.

最近炎热横扫了这座城市。

His work has not been finished.

他的工作尚未完成。

Have the new booking systems for tickets been used?

新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？

二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法

1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，since...，before...等连用。

The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.

还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)

2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。

The machine has been repaired for two hours.

这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)

三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点

1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。

The park was opened to the public last year.

去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)

The park has been opened to the public.

这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)

2．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要更换动词或时态。

The work was finished two weeks ago.

这项工作在两周前已经完成。

The work has been finished.

这项工作已经完成。

3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

It is said that the problem has been looked into.

据说已经调查了这个问题。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The experiment ________(do) successfully.

2．Has his bike ________(repair)?

【导学号：97892019】

3．Many new buildings ________(build) since 1980.

4．This book ________(translate) into many languages.

5．Our classroom ________(clean)，you needn't clean it now.

6．These flowers ________(water)，you can go home.

7．Not a book in the library ________(take) away.

8．The house ________(wash) away by the storm.

9．The computer ________(repair) for two days.

10．How many new words ________(learn) by the students?

【答案】 1.has been done 2.been repaired 3.have been built 4.has been

translated 5.has been cleaned 6.have been watered 7.has been taken 8.has been

washed 9.has been repaired 10.have been learned

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．A personal computer has bought by us.

________________________________________________________________

2．The computer was used every day since we bought it.

________________________________________________________________

3．Tom's novel has been not published.

________________________________________________________________

4．These patients have been taken good care since they moved to the hospital.

________________________________________________________________

5．Tom and Mary married for two years.

________________________________________________________________

【答案】 1.has后加been 2.was→has been

3．把not移到has与been中间 4.care后加of

5．married→have been married

如何写想象类作文

1．概念：想象类作文就是作者根据已有的生活经验和知识，超越现实生活来勾画出从未见过或者不曾出现过的生活图景的文章。

2．内容安排：文章可以分为三段：首段，进行概述；中间部分，具体描写；结尾对文章进行总结。

3．语言特征：(1)措辞准确，正确运用时态和语态。

(2)尽量使用多种表达方式。

4．注意事项：

(1)想象要丰富合理。要让读者感到真实可信。

(2)精心组织，清楚表达。

[亮点句式]

1．It can help us in many ways.

2．It would be of great help for you if you own...

3．Sometimes I dream about life in the future.

4．Maybe in the future we can...

5．We will be living a．..life in the future.

6．I believe the dream will come true someday.

7．In my opinion，the dream will become a reality one day.

8．I would like to play...

9．There will be many...

10．It will be very comfortable to live...

[写作任务]

2050年时，人们的运动场所会是什么样的？

请你根据下面的提示，以“Future Stadiums for Common People in 2050”为题，写一篇100词左右的短文。

1．未来的运动场将建在地下，不占用地上空间，而且冬暖夏凉，非常适合运动；

2．运动设施非常齐全，每个人都可以找到自己感兴趣的运动项目；

3．专门安排机器人陪你运动，比如打乒乓球、羽毛球等，使运动不再枯燥乏味。

参考词汇：陪伴partner 羽毛球 badminton

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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[审题谋篇]

体裁 说明文

话题 2050年运动场所

时态 一般将来时

人称 第三人称

[遣词造句]

Ⅰ.词汇

1．so_as_to 为了

2．keep_us_warm

使我们暖和

3．sports_equipment

运动器械

4．on_one's_own

独自

5．save_space 节省空间

Ⅱ.句式

1．It would be very comfortable to exercise in

an

underground

stadium.The

natural condition would keep us warm in winter and cool in summer.(用as连接句子)

_It_would_be_very_comfortable_to_exercise_in_an_underground_stadium_as_the_natural_condition_would_keep_us_warm_in_winter_and_cool_in_summer.

2．There

will

be

so

many

different

kinds

of sports

equipment

in

the

stadiums.Everyone will be able to find something to interest them.(用so...that...改写句子)

There_will_be_so_many_different_kinds_of_sports_equipment_in_the_stadiums_that_everyone_will_be_able_to_find_something_to_interest_them.