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[考研类试卷]2013年国际关系学院英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 reciprocity in trade2 Ramadan3 infotainment4 aircraft carrier5 non-performing loan6 cost performance7 state fund allotment8 outsource9 free-lance professionals10 home game11 IAEA12 FTP13 TEFL14 OPEC15 SCO汉译英16 应试教育17 诺贝尔奖得主18 知识产权19 不结盟运动20 城乡低保21 对口支援22 扶贫、脱贫23 灰色收入24 关税壁垒25 拳头产品26 试用期27 民办教师28 人口老龄化29 中央纪律检查委员会30 山寨手机英译汉31 People in China generally agree that it is important to celebrate the country's rich history, but its culture police think there is too much of the wrong kind of celebrating going on. Two agencies, the Ministry of Culture and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, have banned the promotion of " negative historical figures or literary works" for tourism purposes, theoretically ending a longstanding practice by Chinese cities of playing up their ties to racy cultural icons like the lustful Ximen Qing through festivals, theme parks and merchandise.A few lucky destinations in China, like Mao's hometown of Shaoshan in Hunan province, are blessed with the notoriety of a state-approved celebrity, allowing them to rake in tourism dollars. But for most Chinese towns, bringing in tourists is hard work, which is made easier if they can stake a claim to someone famous, whether real, mythical or literary. Disputes can flare up among towns claiming to be the original homes of the same popular character. Just before the Ministry of Culture announced the new rules, Loufan county in Shanxi declared itself hometown of the Monkey King, challenging the same claim made first by Lianyugang City in Jiangsu, according to a recent article on Xinhua's English-language website.Critics say that this kind of cultural infighting is embarrassing to China, especially when attracting foreign dollars is the motive. It is better if these cities manage and protect their own cultural heritage and intangible cultural resources, rather than compete with each other and humiliate themselves.In the past, tourist stunts by Chinese towns have been heavily frowned upon by the public.A sex theme park in southwestern China was demolished before it even opened, after inciting widespread condemnation. Earlier this year, public outcry forced government officials in Zhangjiajie to back away from plans to rename a local mountain "Avatar Hallelujah Mountain" after the popular Hollywood movie. The latest crackdown, however, goes further than any one campaign and promises to lay out strict guidelines for what is appropriate cultural celebration in the coming weeks.汉译英32 近些年来，中国与印度经济均实现了迅猛增长。
【2013.12】丝绸之路：闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。
丝绸之路是古代中国的丝绸贸易。
丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和发挥这重要作用。
正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术传遍各地。
同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器也传遍各地，欧洲也是通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。
The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. The Silk Road represents the ancient Chinese silk trade. The Silk Road trade played an important role in China, South Asia, Europe and Africa. It was through the Silk Road that Chinese papermaking, gunpowder, the compass and the printing press spread all over the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain also spread all over the world through the Silk Road. And Europe exported all kinds of goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market【2013.12】中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。
Problem c:背景：社会正致力于运用和开发模型来预测地球的生物和环境情况。
很多科学研究总结了逐渐增长的地球环境和生物系统压力，但很少有人用全球范围的模型来检测这些观点。
联合国发表的千年生态系统评估综合报告发现：近三分之二的地球生命支持生态系统——包括净水，洁净的空气，稳定的气候——正在因非可持续性使用而逐渐衰减。
其中大部分破坏归咎于人类行为。
暴增的对于食物，淡水，燃料，木材的需求导致了剧烈的环境变化；从森林砍伐到空气，土壤和水污染。
尽管已存在大量关于局部习惯和地区因素的研究，目前的模型还不能告知决定人他们的局部策略是如何影响整个地球的健康的。
许多模型忽略了复杂的全球因素，这些模型无法判断重大政策的长期影响。
尽管科学家们意识到巨大环境和生物系统中存在的复杂关系和交叉作用，当前的模型通常忽略这些管理或限定了系统间的影响。
系统的复杂性体现在多元交互（多个元素的相关性），反馈，突发行为，即将发生的状态变化或触发点。
最近的自然杂志中一篇由22位国际知名科学家撰写的题为“迫近地球生物圈的状态变化”的文章讨论了许多有关科学模型对于预测行星健康系统潜在状态变化的重要性与必需性。
文章提供了两种具体定性的模型，并寻求更好的预测模型：1）通过在全球模型中加入相关系统的复杂性（包括局部情况对全球系统的影响，反之亦然）来优化生物状态预测。
2）辨别不同因素在产生非健康全球状态变化中的作用并展示如何运用有效的生态系统管理来预防或限制这些即将发生的状态变化。
研究最终归结于问题：我们是否能利用全球健康的局部或地区性组成部分预测潜在状态变化来帮助决策者制定基于对全球健康状况潜在影响的，有效的策略。
尽管有越来越多的警示信号出现，没人知道地球是否确实在接近全球性的转折点（极端状态），这种极端的状态是否是不可避免的。
自然杂志等研究指出了地球生态系统中的一些重要工作元素。
（例如：局部因素，全球变化，多维元素与关系，变化的时间与空间范围）。
《三级笔译实务》1. 英译汉：文章来源为美国国务院网站，原文标题为：Beaverton: Oregon’s Most Diverse CityStroll through the farmers’ market and you will hear a plethora of languages and see a rainbow of faces. Drive down Canyon Road and stop for halal meat or Filipino pork belly at adjacent markets. Along the highway, browse the aisles of a giant Asian supermarket stocking fresh napa cabbage and mizuna or fresh kimchi. Head toward downtown and you’ll see loncheras — taco trucks — on street corners and hear Spanish bandamusic. On the city’s northern edge, you can sample Indian chaat.Welcome to Beaverton, a Portland suburb that is home to Oregon’s fastest growing immigrant population. Once a rural community, Beaverton, population 87,000, is now the sixth largest city in Oregon — with immigration rates higher than those of Portland, Oregon’s largest city.Best known as the world headquarters for athletic shoe company Nike, Beaverton has changed dramatically over the past 40 years. Settled by immigrants from northern Europe in the 19th century, today it is a place where 80 languages from Albanian to Urdu are spoken in the public schools and about 30 percent of students speak a language besides English, according to English as a Second Language program director Wei Wei Lou.Beaverton’s wave of new residents began arriving in the 1960s, with Koreans and Tejanos (Texans of Mexican origin), who were the first permanent Latinos. In 1960, Beaverton’s population of Latinos and Asians was less than 0.3 percent. By 2000, Beaverton had proportionately more Asian and Hispanic residents than the Portland metro area. Today, Asians comprise 10 percent and Hispanics 11 percent of Beaverton’s population.Mayor Denny Doyle says that many in Beaverton view the immigrants who are rapidly reshaping Beaverton as a source of enrichment. “Citizens here especially in the arts and culture community think it’s fantastic that we have all these different possibilities here,” he says.Gloria Vargas, 50, a Salvadoran immigrant, owns a popular small restaurant, Gloria’s Secret Café, in downtown Beaverton. “I love Beaverton,” she says. “I feel like I belong here.” Her mother moved her to Los Angeles as a teenager in 1973, and she moved Oregon in 1979. She landed a coveted vendor spot in the Beaverton Farmers Market in 1999. Now in addition to running her restaurant, she has one of the most popular stalls there, selling up to 200 Salvadoran tamales — wrapped in banana leaves rather than corn husks — each Saturday. “Once they buy my food, they always come back for more,” she says.“It’s pretty relaxed here,” says Taj Suleyman, 28, born and raised in Lebanon, and recently transplanted to Beaverton to start a job working with immigrants from many countries. Half Middle Eastern and half African, Suleyman says he was attracted to Beaverton specifically because of its diversity. He serves on a city-sponsored Diversity Task Force set up by Mayor Doyle.Mohammed Haque, originally from Bangladesh, finds Beaverton very welcoming. His daughter, he boasts, was even elected her high school’s homecoming queen.South Asians such as Haque have transformed Bethany, a neighborhood north of Beaverton. It is dense with immigrants from Gujarat, a state in India and primary source for the first wave of Beaverton’s South Asian immigrants.The first wave of South Asian immigrants to Beaverton, mostly Gujaratis from India, arrived in the 1960s and 1970s, when the motel and hotel industry was booming. Many bought small hotels and originally settled in Portland, and then relocated to Beaverton for better schools and bigger yards. The second wave of South Asians arrived during the high-tech boom of the 1980s, when the software industry, and Intel and Tektronix, really took off.Many of Beaverton’s Asians converge at Uwajimaya, a 30,000-square-foot supermarket near central Beaverton. Bernie Capell, former special events coordinator at Uwajimaya, says that many come to shop for fresh produce every day. But the biggest group of shoppers at Uwajimaya, she adds, are Caucasians.Beaverton’s Asian population boasts a sizable number of Koreans, who began to arrive in the late 1960s and early 1970s.According to Ted Chung, a native of Korea and Beaverton resident since 1978, three things stand out about his fellow Korean immigrants. Upon moving to Beaverton, they join a Christian church — often Methodist or Presbyterian — as a gathering place; they push their children to excel in school; and they shun the spotlight.Chung says he and his fellow Korean émigrés work hard as small businessmen — owning groceries, dry cleaners, laundromats, delis, and sushi shops — and are frugal so they can send their children to a leading university.Most recently, immigrants from Central and South America, as well as refugees from Iraq and Somalia, have joined the Beaverton community.Many Beaverton organizations help immigrants.现年50岁的格洛丽亚·巴尔加斯是萨尔瓦多移民，在比弗顿市区拥有一家生意红火的小餐馆——格洛丽亚秘密餐馆。
2013 Contest ProblemsMCM PROBLEMSPROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven.当在一个矩形的锅中烘烤时热量集中在烤箱的4个角落中，并在角落处的食物烤的过了（在某种程度上边缘也是这样）。
在一个圆形盘的热量被均匀地分布在整个外缘，在边缘处的食物烤的不会过头。
然而，因为大多数烤箱是方形的，使用原型的平底锅效率是不高的相对于烤箱中的空间。
Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.建立一个模型来说明不同形状的锅(圆形方形或其他形状)的外边缘热量的不同分布。
Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.假设1.矩形烤箱的的宽度与长度之比是W / L。
对外经济贸易大学2013年研究生入学考试模拟试题五 科目代码 448 科目名称 汉语写作与百科知识参考答案请见“贸大考研论坛” 一、百科知识（共50分）第一部分 多项选择（40分，每题一分） 从A 、B 、C 、D 中选择一个正确答案。
1、 是先秦法家思想的集大成者。
A 、李悝B 、吴起C 、商鞅D 、韩非子2、佛教是在 传入中国的。
A 、战国时期B 、西汉末年C 、两汉之际D 、东汉末年3、司马迁的《史记》所记载的历史是从 开始的。
A 、伏羲 B 、黄帝 C 、尧 D 、舜4、中国古代的科学制度产生于 。
A 、汉代 B 、隋代 C 、唐代 D 、宋代5、宋代毕昇发明了活字印刷术，当时他用的是 。
A 、泥活字 B 、锡活字 C 、铅活字 D 、木活字6、明清时期的科举考试分为三级，其中“乡试”是在 举行的。
A 、乡一级 B 、县一级 C 、州一级 D 、省一级7、在中国历史上， 是第一个“开眼看世界”的人。
A 、魏源 B 、张之洞 C 、林则徐 D 、康有为8、中国现存最大并保存完好的皇家园林是 。
A 、颐和园B 、圆明园C 、北海公园D 、承德避暑山庄9、我国民间三大传统节日除春节、中秋节外还有_________。
A 、元宵节 B 、清明节 C 、重阳节 D 、端午节10、 是中医学最古老而完整的典籍，它奠定了中医学的理论基础。
A 、《黄帝内经》 B 、《脉经》 C 、《伤寒杂病论》 D 、《诸病源侯论》11、宋代在原有十二部经书的基础上加入了________，成了后人所说的“十三经”。
A 、《孟子》 B 、《孝经》 C 、《论语》 D 、《尚书》12、我国三大古代建筑群不包括__________。
A 、北京故宫B 、山西晋祠C 、曲阜孔庙D 、承德避暑山庄13、中国人民币上共有5种文字，汉字以外的其他4种分别为________等少数民族文字。
A 、蒙、满、回、藏B 、蒙、藏、维、彝C 、蒙、藏、维、回D 、蒙、维、藏、壮14、“东南名园之冠”指的是________。
UNESCO 的MAB理事会第25次会议的最终报告（部分翻译）（2013年5月27-30日）托马斯（Dr. Thomas Schaaf）卸任生态与地球科学部临时主任，任命韩群力（Han Qunli）为生态与地球科学部主任和MAB项目的秘书长。
新增12家生物圈，目前已经有117个国家加入，共621家生物圈。
1、生物圈理事会主席Boshra Salem女士宣布开会，卡隆基女士（Gretchen Kalonji）——联合国教科文组织自然科学部的助理总干事致欢迎词，欢迎参会代表。
她说联合国。
2、联合国总干事致欢迎词助理总干事卡隆基宣布Dr. Thomas Schaaf年满55岁退休，他去年八月份开始担任生态与地球科学部临时主任。
卡隆基感谢他过去25年来为人与生物圈项目作出的杰出贡献，赞赏他管理生态与地球科学部和人与生物圈项目时作的各项工作。
经过与总干事的商议，助理总干事卡隆基宣布她决定任命Han Qunli为生态与地球科学部主任和人与生物圈项目的干事。
韩群力在人与生物圈项目中很有名气，也为此工作了20多年，现在是科学部门执行主任，曾经连续担任亚太地区的联合国驻雅加达办事处主席，负责科学项目。
Ⅲ. 理事会主席Boshra 做报告12. 首先，她就UNESCO的MAB项目作报告——“边缘旱地的可持续管理”，包括旱地的专家以及从各国来的生物圈保护区管理者。
她提到2012年在玻利维亚召开的第十届国际边缘旱地的可持续管理项目研究会，正准备在比利时召开第十一届会议。
13. 主席整合了在第八届阿拉伯MAB会议上提出的建议和观点，以及2013年4月在约旦Dana生物圈保护区举办的技术研讨会——“绿色经济与生物圈保护区”。
14. 她强调，生物圈保护区模式在全球层面，尤其是关于促进可持续发展上，越来越受到关注。
比如减缓与适应气候变化、城市化、促进绿色经济、生态旅游、可持续农业、显示生态系统服务和教育对于可持续发展的重要性。
2013年12月英语六级翻译模拟试题及答案（1）原文：中国是世界上的发展中国家，人口约占世界总人口的22%。
在过去相当长的时期里，由于诸多原因，贫困一直困扰着中国。
20世纪80年代中期，中国农村绝大多数地区凭借自身的发展优势，经济得到快速增长，但少数地区由于经济、社会、历史、自然等方面的制约，发展相对滞后。
中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发展的进程中，在全国范围内实施了以解决贫困人口温饱问题为主要目标的有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发，极大地缓解了贫困现象。
参考答案China is the largest developing country in theworld and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the world’s total. For a long period of its history, China has been plagued by poverty for various reasons. In the mid-1980s, the economy of an overwhelming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of their own advantages, but a small number of areas still lagged behind because ofthe constraints of their economic, social, historical, and natural conditions. The Chinese government, while working on all-round economic and social development, has nationwide implemented a large-scale program fordevelopment-oriented poverty relief in a planned and organized way. With the main objective of helping poverty-stricken people solve the food and clothing problems, this program has gone a long way toward alleviating poverty.难点精析1.发展中国家：英语中对应的表达为developing country，该句结构简单，直译即可。
2013年12月英语六级翻译模拟试题及答案（4）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutesto translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中欧经济贸易合作取得了可喜的成果。
欧盟巳经成为中国的重要经贸伙伴，是中国的技术供应方、第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方。
2001年，中欧贸易达到766亿美元，比上一年增长11%，尤其是中国从欧盟的进口增长了 15.8%。
我非常赞赏欧中贸协(Europe-China Business Association)与比中经贸理事会 (Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council)为发展中欧关系所做出的努力。
中欧经济贸易合作具有广阔的前景。
中欧经济具有很强的互补性，在贸易、投资、科技等领域具有很大的合作潜力。
参考答案China-EU economic and trade cooperation hasyielded heartening fruits. The EU has now become an important economic and trade partner of China, working as the largest technology supplier, the third largest trading partner and the fifth largest actual investorin China. Bilateral trade reached 76.6 billion dollars in 2001, achieving an 11% increase compared to the previous year. In particular, China’s imports fromthe EU grew by 15.8%. I highly appreciate the effortsby the Europe-China Business Association and the Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for developing China-EU ties. China-EU trade and economic cooperation is endowed with a promising future. Thetwo economies are strongly complimentary to each other and hence enjoy huge potential for cooperation in trade, investment, science and technology areas.难点精析1.中欧经济贸易合作取得了可喜的成果：EU=European Union，表示欧盟;“取得了”可译为has got，但稍显生硬，yield fruit意为“结果，取得成果”，用在此处更为恰当;“可喜的”可译为heartening，还可译为^ promising。
7.25英译中：
1.After the fall of France, Germany was incomparably stronger than England on the ground,
about equally matched in the air, and gravely inferior at sea.
2.He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for
running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. (propensity n. 癖好，partiality n. 偏爱)
3.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.
4.The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
5.He is both a bibliomaniac and a lover of calligraphy. (bibliomaniac n. 有藏书癖的人，
calligraphy n. 书法)
英译中答案：
1.法国崩溃之后，德国陆军大大超过英国，空军力量旗鼓相当，海军则严重处于劣势。
（fall
名词转动词）
2.他是个聪明人，谈吐非常风趣，可是不肯用苦功。
他老是东借西挪，又喜欢上酒店喝酒。
（propensity、partiality 名词转动词）
3.越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。
（drain 名词转动词）
4.政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
（establishment 名词转动词）
5.他既有藏书癖，又爱好书法。
（bibliomaniac、a lover of calligraphy 名词转动词）
8.25英译中：
第一篇
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.
A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in time of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.
Men often discover their affinity to each other by the love they have each for a book-just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both have for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.
第二篇
Problem-solving activity falls broadly into two categories: one emphasizes simple trial and error; the other requires some degree of insight. In trial and error, the individual proceeds mainly by exploring and manipulating elements of the problem situation in an effort to sort out possibilities and to run across steps that might carry him closer to the goal. This behavior is most likely to be observed when the problem solver lacks advance knowledge about the character of the solution, or when no single rule seems to underlie the solution.
答案
第一篇：
看一个人读些什么书就可以知道他的为人，就像看同什么人交往就可知道他的为人一样，因为世界上有人的伴侣，也有书的伴侣。
无论是书友或朋友，我们都应该选择最佳者而
从之。
一本好书就像一个最好的朋友。
它始终不渝，过去如此，现在如此，将来也永远不变。
它是最有耐心，最令人愉快的伴侣。
在我们穷困潦倒、临危遭难之时，它不会抛弃我们。
它对我们总是一往情深。
在我们年轻时，它陶冶我们的性情，增长我们的见识；到我们年老时，它又给我们以安慰和勉励。
人们常常因为同爱一本书而结为知己，就像有时两人因为敬慕同一个人而交为朋友一样。
古谚说：“爱屋及乌”。
但是，“爱我及书”这句话却有更深的哲理。
书是更为坚实而高尚的情谊纽带。
人们可以通过共同爱好的作家沟通思想感情，彼此息息相通。
他们的思想共同在作者的著述里得到体现，而作者的思想反过来又化为他们的思想。
第二篇：
解决问题的活动主要分为两类：一类强调简单的尝试与错误，另一类则要求一定的洞察力。
在尝试与错误阶段，个人主要通过探索和控制该问题情形下的各种因素以找出可行性办法，并采取措施以更进一步向目标迈进。
当问题解决者对情况的特点缺少知识储备或者没有一个规则能够解释该种情况时，这种行为是最容易观察到的。
