ASTMB117-2009：操作盐雾测试机的标准实验方法

ASTM B117 ,1788_美国盐雾实验标准ASTM盐水喷雾实验标准发布时间：20XX年9月19日10时55分美国材料实验标准(ASTM) 代码：B 117-02盐雾实验仪的标准操作规程本标准已被批准供国防部下属司，局使用。

1．适用范围1。

1本规程将说明产生和维持盐雾实验环境所要求的仪器，方法和条件。

可以使用的合适仪器将在附录Ⅺ中说明。

1。

2 本规程没有规定试样类型或特定产品的盐雾接触时间，也没有规定对实验结果应做的解释。

1。

3 用公制单位表示的数据将被认为是标准数据。

英制单位数据被标在括号内供参考，并且可能是近似值。

1。

4 同本标准应用有关的一切安全问题不是本标准的重点。

本标准的使用者有责任在应用前建立适宜的安全，卫生规程以及确定允许限定值的适用范围。

2．参考文献2。

1 ASTM标准：B 368 用以加快铜腐蚀的醋酸-盐雾实验方法（CASS实验）。

D 609 供测试涂料，清漆，更换贴面以及相关贴面产品用的冷轧钢板制备规程。

D 1193 试剂水规格。

D 1654 在腐蚀性环境使用的涂装或贴面试样鉴定用实验方法。

E 70 玻璃电极水溶液的pH值测试方法。

E 691 开展实验室间研究，以确定测试方法精度所适用的规程。

G 85 改进的盐雾实验规程。

3．意义和用途3。

1 本规程提出一种受控的腐蚀性环境，金属及涂装的金属试样在规定的测试室这种腐蚀性环境下将产生相应的抗腐蚀数据。

3。

2 在自然环境下的性能预测值与单独使用的盐雾实验结果几乎没有关联。

3。

2。

1 以本规程提出的测试环境为基础得出的腐蚀性能相关性和外推值并不总是可以用来做预测。

3。

2。

2 只有在进行了适宜的长期大气暴露验证之后才可考虑关联性和外推值。

3。

3 盐雾暴露实验结果的重复性主要取决于被测试样的类型和选定的鉴定标准，以及操作参数的控制。

任一测试项目都应搞足够的重复实验，以便了解结果的波动性。

即使测试条件通常类似，并且处在本规程规定的范围内，在不同的盐雾室测试类似的试样，仍获得不同的结果。

盐雾试验测试方法教学一、引言盐雾试验是一种常用的环境试验方法，用于评估材料或涂层在盐雾腐蚀环境下的耐腐蚀性能。

该方法可以模拟海洋气候条件，对于产品的耐腐蚀性能评估具有重要意义。

本教程将介绍盐雾试验的测试方法及操作步骤，帮助读者了解如何进行盐雾试验。

二、盐雾试验仪器准备进行盐雾试验前，首先需要准备好盐雾试验仪器。

通常盐雾试验仪包括试验箱、盐水喷雾系统、恒温恒湿系统、盐水制备系统等部件。

确保盐雾试验仪器处于正常工作状态，温度和湿度稳定，盐水浓度符合要求。

三、盐雾试验样品准备在进行盐雾试验前，需要准备好待测试的样品。

样品的准备包括清洗表面、去除杂质、涂覆涂层等操作。

确保样品表面光滑、干净，不影响盐雾试验的进行。

四、盐雾试验操作步骤1.将准备好的样品放置在盐雾试验箱内，并根据试验要求设置试验参数，如试验时间、温度、湿度等。

2.启动盐水喷雾系统，使得盐水雾化喷洒在样品表面，模拟盐雾腐蚀环境。

3.根据设定的试验时间进行试验，定期检查样品表面的情况，并记录观察结果。

4.试验结束后，取出样品进行表面检查，评估样品的腐蚀情况。

五、盐雾试验结果分析根据盐雾试验的结果，可以对样品的耐腐蚀性能进行评估。

通常根据样品的腐蚀情况、涂层的附着力等指标进行分析，得出结论并提出改进建议。

六、结论盐雾试验是一种常用的环境试验方法，对产品的耐腐蚀性能评估具有重要意义。

通过本教程的介绍，读者可以了解盐雾试验的测试方法及操作步骤，帮助他们进行正确的盐雾试验并分析结果。

希望本教程对读者有所帮助。

Designation:B 117–03Standard Practice forOperating Salt Spray (Fog)Apparatus 1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 117;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e )indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1This practice covers the apparatus,procedure,and conditions required to create and maintain the salt spray (fog)test environment.Suitable apparatus which may be used is described in Appendix X1.1.2This practice does not prescribe the type of test speci-men or exposure periods to be used for a specific product,nor the interpretation to be given to the results.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information and may be approximate.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents 2.1ASTM Standards:B 368Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog)Testing (CASS Test)2D 609Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint,Varnish,Conversion Coatings,and Related Coating Products 3D 1193Specification for Reagent Water 4D 1654Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments 3E 70Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the Glass Electrode 5E 691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method 6G 85Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog)Testing 73.Significance and Use3.1This practice provides a controlled corrosive environ-ment which has been utilized to produce relative corrosion resistance information for specimens of metals and coated metals exposed in a given test chamber.3.2Prediction of performance in natural environments has seldom been correlated with salt spray results when used as stand alone data.3.2.1Correlation and extrapolation of corrosion perfor-mance based on exposure to the test environment provided by this practice are not always predictable.3.2.2Correlation and extrapolation should be considered only in cases where appropriate corroborating long-term atmo-spheric exposures have been conducted.3.3The reproducibility of results in the salt spray exposure is highly dependent on the type of specimens tested and the evaluation criteria selected,as well as the control of the operating variables.In any testing program,sufficient repli-cates should be included to establish the variability of the results.Variability has been observed when similar specimens are tested in different fog chambers even though the testing conditions are nominally similar and within the ranges speci-fied in this practice.4.Apparatus4.1The apparatus required for salt spray (fog)exposure consists of a fog chamber,a salt solution reservoir,a supply of suitably conditioned compressed air,one or more atomizing nozzles,specimen supports,provision for heating the chamber,and necessary means of control.The size and detailed con-struction of the apparatus are optional,provided the conditions obtained meet the requirements of this practice.4.2Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling or cover of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the specimens being exposed.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01on Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05on Laboratory Corrosion Tests.Current edition approved October 1,2003.Published October 2003.Originally approved in st previous edition approved in 2002as B 117–02.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 02.05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 06.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 11.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 15.05.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 14.02.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 03.02.1Copyright ©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,UnitedStates.4.3Drops of solution which fall from the specimens shall not be returned to the solution reservoir for respraying.4.4Material of construction shall be such that it will not affect the corrosiveness of the fog.4.5All water used for this practice shall conform to Type IV water in Specification D1193(except that for this practice limits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored).This does not apply to running tap water.All other water will be referred to as reagent grade.5.Test Specimens5.1The type and number of test specimens to be used,as well as the criteria for the evaluation of the test results,shall be defined in the specifications covering the material or product being exposed or shall be mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6.Preparation of Test Specimens6.1Specimens shall be suitably cleaned.The cleaning method shall be optional depending on the nature of the surface and the contaminants.Care shall be taken that specimens are not recontaminated after cleaning by excessive or careless handling.6.2Specimens for the evaluation of paints and other organic coatings shall be prepared in accordance with applicable specification(s)for the material(s)being exposed,or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.Otherwise,the test specimens shall consist of steel meeting the requirements of Practice D609and shall be cleaned and prepared for coating in accordance with the applicable procedure of Practice D609.6.3Specimens coated with paints or nonmetallic coatings shall not be cleaned or handled excessively prior to test.6.4Whenever it is desired to determine the development of corrosion from an abraded area in the paint or organic coating, a scratch or scribed line shall be made through the coating with a sharp instrument so as to expose the underlying metal before testing.The conditions of making the scratch shall be as defined in Test Method D1654,unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6.5Unless otherwise specified,the cut edges of plated, coated,or duplex materials and areas containing identification marks or in contact with the racks or supports shall be protected with a suitable coating stable under the conditions of the practice.N OTE1—Should it be desirable to cut test specimens from parts or from preplated,painted,or otherwise coated steel sheet,the cut edges shall be protected by coating them with paint,wax,tape,or other effective media so that the development of a galvanic effect between such edges and the adjacent plated or otherwise coated metal surfaces,is prevented.7.Position of Specimens During Exposure7.1The position of the specimens in the salt spray chamber during the test shall be such that the following conditions are met:7.1.1Unless otherwise specified,the specimens shall be supported or suspended between15and30°from the vertical and preferably parallel to the principal direction offlow of fog through the chamber,based upon the dominant surface being tested.7.1.2The specimens shall not contact each other or any metallic material or any material capable of acting as a wick.7.1.3Each specimen shall be placed to permit unencum-bered exposure to the fog.7.1.4Salt solution from one specimen shall not drip on any other specimen.N OTE2—Suitable materials for the construction or coating of racks and supports are glass,rubber,plastic,or suitably coated wood.Bare metal shall not be used.Specimens shall preferably be supported from the bottom or the side.Slotted wooden strips are suitable for the support offlat panels.Suspension from glass hooks or waxed string may be used as long as the specified position of the specimens is obtained,if necessary by means of secondary support at the bottom of the specimens.8.Salt Solution8.1The salt solution shall be prepared by dissolving561 parts by mass of sodium chloride in95parts of water conforming to Type IV water in Specification D1193(except that for this practice limits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored).Careful attention should be given to the chemical content of the salt.The salt used shall be sodium chloride with not more than0.3%by mass of total impurities.Halides (Bromide,Fluoride,and Iodide)other than Chloride shall constitute less than0.1%by mass of the salt content.Copper content shall be less than0.3ppm by mass.Sodium chloride containing anti-caking agents shall not be used because such agents may act as corrosion inhibitors.See Table1for a listing of these impurity restrictions.Upon agreement between the purchaser and the seller,analysis may be required and limits established for elements or compounds not specified in the chemical composition given above.TABLE1Maximum Allowable Limits for Impurity Levels inSodium Chloride A,BImpurity Description Allowable Amount Total Impurities#0.3% Halides(Bromide,Fluoride and Iodide)excluding Chloride#0.1% Copper<0.3ppmAnti-caking Agents0.0%A A common formula used to calculate the amount of salt required by mass to achieve a5%salt solution of a known mass of water is:.053X Mass of Water5Mass of NaCl requiredThe mass of water is1g per1mL.To calculate the mass of salt required in grams to mix1L of a5%salt solution,multiply.053by1000g(35.27oz.,the mass of 1L of water).This formula yields a result of53g(1.87oz.)of NaCl required for each liter of water to achieve a5%salt solution by mass.The0.053multiplier for the sodium chloride used above is derived by the following:1000g~mass of a full L of water!divided by0.95~water is only95%of the total mixture by mass!yields1053gThis1053g is the total mass of the mixture of one L of water with a5%sodium chloride concentration.1053g minus the original weight of the L of water,1000g, yields53g for the weight of the sodium chloride.53g of total sodium chloride divided by the original1000g of water yields a0.053multiplier for the sodium chloride.As an example:to mix the equivalent of200L(52.83gal)of5%sodium chloride solution,mix10.6kg(23.37lb)of sodium chloride into200L(52.83gal)of water. 200L of water weighs200,000g.200,000g of water x.053(sodium chloride multiplier)=10,600g of sodium chloride,or10.6kg.B In order to ensure that the proper salt concentration was achieved when mixing the solution,it is recommended that the solution be checked with either a salimeter hydrometer or specific gravity hydrometer.When using a salimeter hydrometer,the measurement should be between4and6%at25°C(77°F).When using a specific gravity hydrometer,the measurement should be between1.0255and1.0400at 25°C(77°F).8.2The pH of the salt solution shall be such that when atomized at35°C(95°F)the collected solution will be in the pH range from6.5to7.2(Note3).Before the solution is atomized it shall be free of suspended solids(Note4).The pH measurement shall be made at25°C(77°F)using a suitable glass pH-sensing electrode,reference electrode,and pH meter system in accordance with Test Method E70.N OTE3—Temperature affects the pH of a salt solution prepared from water saturated with carbon dioxide at room temperature and pH adjust-ment may be made by the following three methods:(1)When the pH of a salt solution is adjusted at room temperature,and atomized at35°C(95°F),the pH of the collected solution will be higher than the original solution due to the loss of carbon dioxide at the higher temperature.When the pH of the salt solution is adjusted at room temperature,it is therefore necessary to adjust it below6.5so the collected solution after atomizing at35°C(95°F)will meet the pH limits of6.5to 7.2.Take about a50-mL sample of the salt solution as prepared at room temperature,boil gently for30s,cool,and determine the pH.When the pH of the salt solution is adjusted to6.5to7.2by this procedure,the pH of the atomized and collected solution at35°C(95°F)will come within this range.(2)Heating the salt solution to boiling and cooling to35°C(95°F)and maintaining it at35°C(95°F)for approximately48h before adjusting the pH produces a solution the pH of which does not materially change when atomized at35°C(95°F).(3)Heating the water from which the salt solution is prepared to35°C (95°F)or above,to expel carbon dioxide,and adjusting the pH of the salt solution within the limits of6.5to7.2produces a solution the pH of which does not materially change when atomized at35°C(95°F).N OTE4—The freshly prepared salt solution may befiltered or decanted before it is placed in the reservoir,or the end of the tube leading from the solution to the atomizer may be covered with a double layer of cheesecloth to prevent plugging of the nozzle.N OTE5—The pH can be adjusted by additions of dilute ACS reagent grade hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solutions.9.Air Supply9.1The compressed air supply to the Air Saturator Tower shall be free of grease,oil,and dirt before use by passing through well-maintainedfilters.(Note6)This air should be maintained at a sufficient pressure at the base of the Air Saturator Tower to meet the suggested pressures of Table2at the top of the Air Saturator Tower.N OTE6—The air supply may be freed from oil and dirt by passing it through a suitable oil/water extractor(that is commercially available)to stop any oil from reaching the Air Saturator Tower.Many oil/water extractors have an expiration indicator,proper preventive maintenance intervals should take these into account.9.2The compressed air supply to the atomizer nozzle or nozzles shall be conditioned by introducing it into the bottom of a towerfillwed with water.A common method of introduc-ing the air is through an air dispersion device(X1.4.1).The level of the water must be maintained automatically to ensure adequate humidification.It is common practice to maintain the temperature in this tower between46and49°C(114–121°F)to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressure during the atomization process.Table2in9.3of this practice shows the temperature,at different pressures,that are com-monly used to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressure.9.3Careful attention should be given to the relationship of tower temperature to pressure since this relationship can have a direct impact to maintaining proper collection rates(Note7). It is preferable to saturate the air at temperatures well above the chamber temperature as insurance of a wet fog as listed in Table2.N OTE7—If the tower is run outside of these suggested temperature and pressure ranges to acheive proper collection rates as described in10.2of this practice,other means of verifying the proper corrosion rate in the chamber should be investigated,such as the use of control specimens (panels of known performance in the test conducted).It is preferred that control panels be provided that bracket the expected test specimen performance.The controls allow for the normalization of test conditions during repeated running of the test and will also allow comparisons of test results from different repeats of the same test.(Refer to Appendix X3, Evaluation of Corrosive Conditions,for mass loss procedures).10.Conditions in the Salt Spray Chamber10.1Temperature—The exposure zone of the salt spray chamber shall be maintained at35+1.1−1.7°C (95+2−3°F).Each set point and its tolerance represents an operational control point for equilibrium conditions at a single location in the cabinet which may not necessarily represent the uniformity of conditions throughout the cabinet.The tempera-ture within the exposure zone of the closed cabinet shall be recorded(Note8)at least twice a day at least7h apart(except on Saturdays,Sundays,and holidays when the salt spray test is not interrupted for exposing,rearranging,or removing test specimens or to check and replenish the solution in the reservoir)N OTE8—A suitable method to record the temperature is by a continu-ous recording device or by a thermometer which can be read from outside the closed cabinet.The recorded temperature must be obtained with the salt spray chamber closed to avoid a false low reading because of wet-bulb effect when the chamber is open.10.2Atomization and Quantity of Fog—Place at least two clean fog collectors per atomizer tower within the exposure zone so that no drops of solution will be collected from the test specimens or any other source.Position the collectors in the proximity of the test specimens,one nearest to any nozzle and the other farthest from all nozzles.A typical arrangement is shown in Fig.1.The fog shall be such that for each80 cm2(12.4in.2)of horizontal collecting area,there will be collected from1.0to2.0mL of solution per hour based on an average run of at least16h(Note9).The sodium chloride concentration of the collected solution shall be561mass% (Notes9-11).The pH of the collected solution shall be6.5to 7.2.The pH measurement shall be made as described in8.2 (Note3).N OTE9—Suitable collecting devices are glass or plastic funnels with TABLE2Suggested Temperature and Pressure guideline for the top of the Air Saturator Tower for the operation of a test at35°C(95°F)Air Pressure,kPa Temperature,°C Air Pressure,PSI Temperature,°F 83461211496471411711048161191244918121the stems inserted through stoppers into graduated cylinders,or crystal-lizing dishes.Funnels and dishes with a diameter of 10cm (3.94in.)have an area of about 80cm 2(12.4in.2).N OTE 10—A solution having a specific gravity of 1.0255to 1.0400at 25°C (77°F)will meet the concentration requirement.The sodium chloride concentration may also be determined using a suitable salinity meter (for example,utilizing a sodium ion-selective glass electrode)or colorimetrically as follows.Dilute 5mL of the collected solution to 100mL with distilled water and mix thoroughly;pipet a 10-mL aliquot into an evaporating dish or casserole;add 40mL of distilled water and 1mL of 1%potassium chromate solution (chloride-free)and titrate with 0.1N silver nitrate solution to the first appearance of a permanent red coloration.A solution that requires between 3.4and 5.1mL of 0.1N silver nitrate solution will meet the concentration requirements.N OTE 11—Salt solutions from 2to 6%will give the same results,though for uniformity the limits are set at 4to 6%.10.3The nozzle or nozzles shall be so directed or baffled that none of the spray can impinge directly on the test specimens.11.Continuity of Exposure11.1Unless otherwise specified in the specifications cover-ing the material or product being tested,the test shall be continuous for the duration of the entire test period.Continu-ous operation implies that the chamber be closed and the spray operating continuously except for the short daily interruptions necessary to inspect,rearrange,or remove test specimens,to check and replenish the solution in the reservoir,and to make necessary recordings as described in Section 10.Operations shall be so scheduled that these interruptions are held to a minimum.12.Period of Exposure12.1The period of exposure shall be as designated by the specifications covering the material or product being tested or as mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.N OTE 12—Recommended exposure periods are to be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller,but exposure periods of multiples of 24h are suggested.13.Cleaning of Tested Specimens13.1Unless otherwise specified in the specifications cover-ing the material or product being tested,specimens shall be treated as follows at the end of the test:13.1.1The specimens shall be carefully removed.13.2Specimens may be gently washed or dipped in clean running water not warmer than 38°C (100°F)to remove salt deposits from their surface,and then immediately dried.14.Evaluation of Results14.1A careful and immediate examination shall be made as required by the specifications covering the material or product being tested or by agreement between the purchaser and the seller.15.Records and Reports15.1The following information shall be recorded,unless otherwise prescribed in the specifications covering the material or product being tested:15.1.1Type of salt and water used in preparing the salt solution,15.1.2All readings of temperature within the exposure zone of the chamber,15.1.3Daily records of data obtained from each fog-collecting device including the following:15.1.3.1V olume of salt solution collected in millilitres per hour per 80cm 2(12.4in.2),15.1.3.2Concentration or specific gravity at 35°C (95°F)of solution collected,and15.1.3.3pH of collectedsolution.N OTE —This figure shows a typical fog collector arrangement for a single atomizer tower cabinet.The same fog collector arrangement is also applicable for multiple atomizer tower and horizontal (“T”type)atomizer tower cabinet constructions as well.FIG.1Arrangement of FogCollectors15.2Type of specimen and its dimensions,or number or description of part,15.3Method of cleaning specimens before and after testing, 15.4Method of supporting or suspending article in the salt spray chamber,15.5Description of protection used as required in6.5, 15.6Exposure period,15.7Interruptions in exposure,cause,and length of time, and15.8Results of all inspections.N OTE13—If any of the atomized salt solution which has not contacted the test specimens is returned to the reservoir,it is advisable to record the concentration or specific gravity of this solution also.16.Keywords16.1controlled corrosive environment;corrosive condi-tions;determining mass loss;salt spray(fog)exposureAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1.CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUSX1.1CabinetsX1.1.1Standard salt spray cabinets are available from several suppliers,but certain pertinent accessories are required before they will function according to this practice and provide consistent control for duplication of results.X1.1.2The salt spray cabinet consists of the basic chamber, an air-saturator tower,a salt solution reservoir,atomizing nozzles,specimen supports,provisions for heating the cham-ber,and suitable controls for maintaining the desired tempera-ture.X1.1.3Accessories such as a suitable adjustable baffle or central fog tower,automatic level control for the salt reservoir, and automatic level control for the air-saturator tower are pertinent parts of the apparatus.X1.1.4The size and shape of the cabinet shall be such that the atomization and quantity of collected solution is within the limits of this practice.X1.1.5The chamber shall be made of suitably inert mate-rials such as plastic,glass,or stone,or constructed of metal and lined with impervious plastics,rubber,or epoxy-type materials or equivalent.X1.1.6All piping that contacts the salt solution or spray should be of inert materials such as plastic.Vent piping should be of sufficient size so that a minimum of back pressure exists and should be installed so that no solution is trapped.The exposed end of the vent pipe should be shielded from extreme air currents that may causefluctuation of pressure or vacuum in the cabinet.X1.2Temperature ControlX1.2.1The maintenance of temperature within the salt chamber can be accomplished by several methods.It is generally desirable to control the temperature of the surround-ings of the salt spray chamber and to maintain it as stable as possible.This may be accomplished by placing the apparatus in a constant-temperature room,but may also be achieved by surrounding the basic chamber of a jacket containing water or air at a controlled temperature.X1.2.2The use of immersion heaters in an internal salt solution reservoir or within the chamber is detrimental where heat losses are appreciable because of solution evaporation and radiant heat on the specimens.X1.3Spray NozzlesX1.3.1Satisfactory nozzles may be made of hard rubber, plastic,or other inert materials.The most commonly used type is made of plastic.Nozzles calibrated for air consumption and solution-atomized are available.The operating characteristics of a typical nozzle are given in Table X1.1.X1.3.2It can readily be seen that air consumption is relatively stable at the pressures normally used,but a marked reduction in solution sprayed occurs if the level of the solution is allowed to drop appreciably during the test.Thus,the level of the solution in the salt reservoir must be maintained automatically to ensure uniform fog delivery during the test.8 X1.3.3If the nozzle selected does not atomize the salt solution into uniform droplets,it will be necessary to direct the spray at a baffle or wall to pick up the larger drops and prevent them from impinging on the test specimens.Pending a com-plete understanding of air-pressure effects,and so forth,it is important that the nozzle selected shall produce the desired 8A suitable device for maintaining the level of liquid in either the saturator tower or reservoir of test solution may be designed by a local engineering group,or may be purchased from manufacturers of test cabinets as an accessory.TABLE X1.1Operating Characteristics of Typical Spray Nozzle SiphonHeight,cmAir Flow,dm3/min Solution Consumption,cm3/hAir Pressure,kPa Air Pressure,kPa34691031383469103138 101926.531.5362100384045845256 201926.531.536636276037204320 301926.531.5360138030003710 401926.631.536078021242904SiphonHeight,in.Air Flow,L/minSolutionConsumption,mL/hAir Pressure,psi Air Pressure,psi51015205101520 41926.531.5362100384045845256 81926.531.536636276037204320 121926.531.5360138030003710 161926.631.536078021242904condition when operated at the air pressure selected.Nozzles are not necessarily located at one end,but may be placed in the center and can also be directed vertically up through a suitable tower.X1.4Air for AtomizationX1.4.1The air used for atomization must be free of grease, oil,and dirt before use by passing through well-maintainedfilters.Room air may be compressed,heated,humidified,and washed in a water-sealed rotary pump if the temperature of the water is suitably controlled.Otherwise cleaned air may be introduced into the bottom of a towerfilled with water through a porous stone or multiple nozzles.The level of the water must be maintained automatically to ensure adequate humidification.A chamber operated in accordance with this method and Appendix X1will have a relative humidity between95and 98%.Since salt solutions from2to6%will give the same results(though for uniformity the limits are set at4to6%),it is preferable to saturate the air at temperatures well above the chamber temperature as insurance of a wet fog.Table X1.2 shows the temperatures,at different pressures,that are required to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressure.X1.4.2Experience has shown that most uniform spray chamber atmospheres are obtained by increasing the atomizing air temperature sufficiently to offset heat losses,except those that can be replaced otherwise at very low-temperature gradi-ents.X1.5Types of ConstructionX1.5.1A modern laboratory cabinet is shown in Fig.X1.1. Walk-in chambers are usually constructed with a sloping ceiling.Suitably located and directed spray nozzles avoid ceiling accumulation and drip.Nozzles may be located at the ceiling,or0.91m(3ft)from thefloor directed upward at30to 60°over a passageway.The number of nozzles depends on type and capacity and is related to the area of the test space.An11 to19L(3to5-gal)reservoir is required within the chamber, with the level controlled.The major features of a walk-in type cabinet,which differs significantly from the laboratory type, are illustrated in Fig.X1.2.Construction of a plastic nozzle, such as is furnished by several suppliers,is shown in Fig.X1.3.TABLE X1.2Temperature and Pressure Requirements forOperation of Test at95°FAir Pressure,kPa8396110124 Temperature,°C46474849Air Pressure,psi12141618 Temperature,°F114117119121。

ASTM 标号：B117-02盐雾试验设备的操作标准本标准以固定标号B117发布，紧跟在标准号后面的数字表示该标准实施的最初年份，或是最后一次修订年份。

括号中的数字表示最新的复审年份。

1．范围1．1本标准描述的是创造和维护盐雾试验环境所要求的设备、步骤和条件。

适用设备在附录X1中予以描述。

1．2本标准对具体产品的试验样板类型或暴晒时间的长短不做规定，对试验结果也不做解释。

1．3在SI单元中所阐述的价值是普遍适用的。

括号中提供的是美氏单位制的近似值。

1．4本标准并未说明使用过程中所有的安全问题。

应该由本标准的使用者在使用之前制定正确的安全和健康操作规范，并确定规范的可适用性范围。

2．参考文献2．1 ASTM标准B368 铜加速醋酸-盐雾试验方法（CASS检测）D 609 冷轧钢板的制备方法以测试油漆、涂料、转换涂料或相关涂料产品D 1193 试剂水规格D 1654评价腐蚀环境下涂层样板的测试方法E 70玻璃电极水溶液的PH值测试方法E 691研究下测试方法精确性的实验室标准G 85 改性盐雾试验操作方法3．意义及使用3.1本标准是在可控的腐蚀环境下，通过使金属样板或带有涂层的金属试验样板在特定的试验箱中暴晒，反映被测样板抗腐蚀能力的相对水平。

3.2如果仅从这类数据的角度看，对其在自然环境下抗腐蚀能力的判断与检测结果之间存在关联的情况很少。

3.2.1在本标准规定的检测环境下进行暴晒，腐蚀性能的相关性及推论并不一定是可预见的。

3.2.2只有在长期稳定的大气暴晒条件下，才可以考虑其相关性和推论。

3.3盐雾暴晒条件下试验结果的可复制性主要依赖于被测标本的类型，所选择的评价标准以及对操作中各变量的控制。

在任何检测项目中，都必须有充足的副本以确定检测结果的多样性。

即使名义检测条件相似，并且在本标准所规定的范围内，如果把相似的样板放入不同的试验箱中，也会得出不同的检测结果。

4．设备4.1盐雾试验所需要的设备包括盐雾试验箱，盐溶液贮槽，经适当处理的压缩空气供给系统，一个或多个雾化喷咀，样板支架，盐雾箱加热装置及必要的控制措施。

盐雾试验仪器标准操作规范ASTM B117-031.范围1.1该规范包括仪器设备，程序和建立及保持盐雾试验环境的所需条件。

使用的仪器描述见附录Ⅹ1。

1.2该规范不规定试验试样的类型或特定产品的试验暴露期，也不对试验结果给出解释。

1.3标准工作指示列出的值被视为标准。

圆括号中的英寸-磅的单位是提供的近似信息。

1.4该标准不宣称提出了所有的安全顾虑，提出的只是与它的使用相关的。

该标准的使用者有责任确立相关健康安全规范，使用前判定适用的法规限制。

2.参考文献2.1ASTM标准：B368 铜加速的醋酸腐蚀盐喷雾试验（CASS试验）的标准试验方法D609 涂料，清漆，转化涂层和相关覆层产品的测试用冷轧钢板制备的标准实验规范D1193 试剂水的标准规范D1654 腐蚀环境中涂漆或涂层试样评估的标准测试方法E70 用玻璃电极测量水溶液PH值的标准试验方法E691 为测定试验方法精密度开展的实验空间的研究的标准实施规范G85 改进的盐喷雾雾化试验的标准试验规范3.意义和使用3.1 该规范提供受控的腐蚀环境，用于得出暴露在测试室中的金属和涂层了的金属样板的抗腐蚀信息。

3.2自然环境的性能预测与单独使用的盐雾试验结果数据少有关联。

3.2.1基于暴露于该规范提供的测试环境下的腐蚀性能关联性和推断并非一定的。

3.2.2仅在执行了相关确实的长期环境暴露，才考虑其关联性和推断。

3.3 盐雾试验结果的再现性高度依赖测试试样的类型，所选评定标准和操作变量的控制。

任何测试程序中，应含足够的再现性以确立结果变差。

有类似试样在不同测试室中测试，观察变差，即使测试条件名义上相似并在规范范围内。

4. 仪器设备4.1 设备要求包含一个烟雾腔室，一个盐溶液储罐，一个合适条件下压缩空气的供给，一个或多个雾化喷嘴，试样支架，腔室加热规范，和必要的控制方法。

设备的尺寸和详细构造是可选择的，只要得到的条件满足该规范要求。

4.2 堆积在腔室顶部或盖上的溶液滴不允许掉在暴露的试样表面。

ASTM B117盐雾试验标准1．适用范围1.1本规程将说明产生和维持盐雾试验环境所要求的仪器，方法和条件。

可以使用的合适仪器将在附录Ⅺ中说明。

1.2 本规程没有规定试样类型或特定产品的盐雾接触时间，也没有规定对试验结果应做的解释。

1.3 用公制单位表示的数据将被认为是标准数据。

英制单位数据被标在括号内供参考，并且可能是近似值。

1.4 同本标准应用有关的一切安全问题不是本标准的重点。

本标准的使用者有责任在应用前建立适宜的安全，卫生规程以及确定允许限定值的适用范围。

2．参考文献2.1 ASTM标准：B 368 用以加快铜腐蚀的醋酸-盐雾试验方法（CASS试验）。

D 609 供测试涂料，清漆，更换贴面以及相关贴面产品用的冷轧钢板制备规程。

D 1193 试剂水规格。

D 1654 在腐蚀性环境使用的涂装或贴面试样鉴定用试验方法。

E 70 玻璃电极水溶液的pH值测试方法。

E 691 开展实验室间研究，以确定测试方法精度所适用的规程。

G 85 改进的盐雾试验规程。

3．意义和用途3.1 本规程提出一种受控的腐蚀性环境，金属及涂装的金属试样在规定的测试室这种腐蚀性环境下将产生相应的抗腐蚀数据。

3.2 在自然环境下的性能预测值与单独使用的盐雾试验结果几乎没有关联。

3.2.1 以本规程提出的测试环境为基础得出的腐蚀性能相关性和外推值并不总是可以用来做预测。

3.2.2 只有在进行了适宜的长期大气暴露验证之后才可考虑关联性和外推值。

3.3 盐雾暴露试验结果的重复性主要取决于被测试样的类型和选定的鉴定标准，以及操作参数的控制。

任一测试项目都应搞足够的重复试验，以便了解结果的波动性。

即使测试条件通常类似，并且处在本规程规定的范围内，在不同的盐雾室测试类似的试样，仍获得不同的结果。

4．仪器4.1 盐雾暴露试验所要求的仪器由以下构件组成：盐雾室，盐溶液储罐，经适当空调的压缩空气的供应管道，一个或多个雾化喷嘴，试样支架，盐雾室加热装置和必要的控制器。

本标准是在以固定称呼 B117 来发行，而跟随在称呼之后的数字则表示为最早发行之年版或是最后发行年版，括号内之号码则表示该版本经确认之最后年版，如果后面又加上括号内并含一希腊字母时则代表在最后版本确认后还有编辑上的修改。

本标准已由国防部核准使用。

1. 范围本实验方法包含了仪器、程序以及为了建立与保持盐水喷雾试验环境所要求之条件。

附录X1描述可被使用之适合的试验机。

本实验没有指定试验样品的种类或者对于特定产品所需的曝露时间，也不对结果作说明。

以SI(国际公制单位)数据单位来表示被视为标准。

英吋-磅单位以括号表示是为了提供资讯且可能是相等的。

本标准并未指明试验方法上所产生之任何安全问题，该安全问题是引用本标准之使用者的责任。

使用者应自行建立适当之安全卫生操作方法，并且在使用前决定应有的使用限制规定。

2. 参考文件ASTM 标准B 368－醋酸铜盐水喷雾试验方法(CACC试验) . D 1193－试剂水4(Reagent Water)的规范.D 1654－涂漆或有镀层的试片在腐蚀环境3下之评估方法.E 70－使用玻璃电极5量测含水溶液的pH值之试验方法.E 691－决定试验方法的正确性6.G 85－修正盐水喷雾试验的实验73. 重要性以及使用本实验提供一个受控制之腐蚀环境，该环境被利用来让金属与镀金属的试件暴露于一特定试验室中而产生相关防腐蚀的讯息。

当使用独立的数据时，在自然环境中试验的预估很少与盐水喷雾的结果有所关连。

基于暴露于本实验所提供的试验环境，腐蚀发生的关系与推测并不常是可预料的。

只有在适当的确定长期环境暴露已被采用时，相互关系与推测应被考虑。

2/15暴露于盐水喷雾结果的再现性是高度取决于试验试件的种类所选择的评估准则，以及操作变异的控制。

在任何试验程序中，在建立结果的变异应包括充分的复制。

当类似的试件于不同的雾室中试验，即使试验条件是大约相同且介于本实验所规定的范围内，还是有可能发觉其变异性。

盐雾试验方法和步骤讲解盐雾试验是一种常用的腐蚀性试验方法，主要用于评估材料和涂层在盐雾环境中的抗腐蚀性能。

本文将介绍盐雾试验的方法和步骤，以便读者了解如何进行这一重要的试验。

1. 试验方法盐雾试验主要有以下两种常用方法：1.1 中性盐雾试验中性盐雾试验一般使用NaCl为主要试验液，试验箱内的温度和湿度要严格控制在一定范围内。

试验时间一般为48小时至1000小时不等，具体时间根据试验要求而定。

1.2 醋酸盐雾试验醋酸盐雾试验主要使用醋酸为试验液，试验条件与中性盐雾试验类似，但试验时间一般较长，可达2000小时以上。

2. 试验步骤下面是进行盐雾试验的基本步骤：2.1 准备试验设备和试验液首先，要准备好符合标准要求的盐雾试验设备，包括试验箱、温度控制装置、湿度控制装置等。

同时，要配置好所需的盐雾试验液，确保其浓度和pH值符合要求。

2.2 样品准备将待测样品制备好，清洁干净并进行必要的预处理工作，如涂覆防腐涂层等。

2.3 进行试验将准备好的样品放入盐雾试验箱中，按照设定的试验条件进行试验，包括温度、湿度和持续时间等参数。

在试验过程中要定期检查样品的腐蚀情况。

2.4 试验结束和评估试验时间结束后，取出样品进行评估，检查腐蚀情况并记录观察结果。

根据实际情况进行评定，判断材料或涂层的抗腐蚀性能。

结论通过盐雾试验的方法和步骤讲解，我们可以清楚地了解如何进行这一试验，评估材料和涂层在盐雾环境中的耐腐蚀性能。

正确的试验方法和步骤是确保试验结果准确可靠的关键，也为相关研究和生产提供了重要参考。

希望本文能对读者有所帮助。

盐雾试验测试方法盐雾试验是一种常用的环境试验方法，用来检测材料或产品在盐雾环境中的耐腐蚀性能。

这种测试方法对于海洋工程、汽车部件、电子产品等领域非常重要，可以帮助制造商评估产品的耐用性和质量。

下面将介绍盐雾试验的测试方法步骤和注意事项。

测试准备在进行盐雾试验之前，需要准备以下材料和设备：1.盐水：按规定浓度配制好的盐水，通常为5%的氯化钠溶液。

2.盐雾测试箱：用于模拟盐雾环境的特殊测试设备。

3.样品：需要测试的材料或产品样品。

测试步骤1.样品准备：将待测试的样品清洁干净，并确保表面没有任何杂质。

2.盐水淋洗：将准备好的盐水倒入盐雾测试箱中，并将样品放置在设备内。

3.设定参数：设置盐雾测试箱的温度、湿度和测试时间等参数，根据测试要求调整。

4.开始测试：启动盐雾测试箱，让样品在盐雾环境中暴露一定的时间。

5.观察记录：定期观察样品的表面情况，记录下腐蚀情况、出现的氧化点等信息。

6.结束测试：根据测试要求确定测试时间，测试结束后取出样品，进行评估和分析。

注意事项在进行盐雾试验时，需要注意以下几点：•安全问题：盐水具有刺激性，操作时需要佩戴防护装备，避免直接接触皮肤和眼睛。

•设备维护：定期清洁和维护盐雾测试箱，确保设备正常运行。

•数据记录：及时记录测试过程中的关键参数和观察结果，以便后续分析和比较。

•标准遵循：根据相关标准执行测试，确保测试结果的可比性和准确性。

通过以上步骤和注意事项，可以有效进行盐雾试验测试，评估材料或产品在恶劣环境下的性能表现，为质量控制和产品改进提供重要参考依据。

盐雾试验标准试验方法本标准以固定标准号B117发布，标准号后面的数字表示最初实施的年份，或如经修订，则指最后一次修订的年份，括号里的数字表示最后复审的年份，右上角的符号(ε)表示至从最后修订或复审以来的更改。

本标准方法已被美国国防部批准用来代替联邦试验方法标准NO、ISIb中的方法811.1，并列入国防部出版的DOD说明书及标准索引之中。

1.范围1.1本方法为了规范的目的规定了盐雾试验中要求的条件附录X1中同了用以获得这些条件的适当仪器，本方法对试验样板的类型或使用的特定产品的暴露周期不做规定，对试验结果也不做分析，应该注意到耐盐雾试验和在其它介质中耐腐蚀试验之间很少有直接的关系，因为化学反应过程，包括膜的形成及它们的保护能力经常随其所遇到的条件不同发生较大的变化，在附录X2中列有关于本试验用于研究工作中的说明，腐蚀情况评介见附录X3。

注1---本方法可适用于铁和非铁金属的盐雾试验，也可用于试验无机和有机涂层等等，特别是在上述试验作为材料或产品规范依据的情况下。

1.2以S1单位表示的数值作为标准，括号中的英才---磅单位仅作参考资料。

1.3本标准包括了有害材料，操作程序及设备，它没有指出与其使用有关的安全方面的问题，使用本标准前，使用者应负责建立相应的安全与健康规则，并确定相应的规章制度。

2.参考文献2.1ASTMB 287 酸盐喷(雾)试验方法2B 386 铜加速的醋酸盐喷(雾)试验方法(CASS试验)3D 609 试验油漆，罩光漆，清漆和有关产品钢板的制备4D 1193 试剂水的规范5D 1654 喷漆或涂覆的样板经受腐蚀环境的评定4E 70 用玻璃电极测含水溶液PH的试验方法3.仪器3.1盐雾试验所要求的仪器系由一个盐雾箱，盐溶液贮槽经适当处理的压缩空气供给系统，一个或多个雾化喷嘴，样板支架，盐雾箱加热设备和必要的控制设备组成。

该仪器的尺寸和具体结构可任选，只要所获得的条件能符合该方法的要求即可。