2015年职称英语考试阅读判断专项模拟题(理工类)

Plants and MankindBotany，the study of plants，occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge.We don't know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants，but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist，a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.This is logical.Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things，even for other plants.They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people，not only for food，but also for clothing，weapons，tools，dyes，medicines shelter，and many other purposes.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each.To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge"at all.Unfortunately，the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants，and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows.Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge，and few people will fail to recognize a rose，an apple，or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors，living in the Middle East about 10，000years ago，discovered that certain grasses could beharvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season，the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken.Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture：cultivated crops.From then on，humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants，rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.16.It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.People cannot survive without plants.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrializationA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Today people usually acquire a large amount ofbotanical knowledge from textbooks.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about10，000year ago.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Once mankind began farming，they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【参考答案】16.A17.A18.B19.B20.B21.A 22.BDyslexiaAs many as20%of all children in the United Stated suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way.One of the world’s great thinkers and scientists Albert Einstein was dyslexic.Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do.He said that he thought in pictures instead.The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic.Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than80years ago.Many yearspassed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled.The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different.In most people, the left side of the brain-the part that controls language-is larger than the right side.In persons with dyslexia,the right side of the brain is bigger.Doctors are not sure what causes this difference.However,research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females,and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed.No one knows the cause of dyslexia,but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby’s body long before it is born.They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia.Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help.After they have solved their problems with language,they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.1.One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.Generally speaking,dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a baby’s mother.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative once they have learned to handle language properly.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案:ACABACAPlants and MankindBotany，the study of plants，occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge.We don't know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants，but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist，a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.This is logical.Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things，even for other plants.They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people，not only for food，but also for clothing，weapons，tools，dyes，medicines shelter，and many other purposes.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each.To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge"at all.Unfortunately，the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact withplants，and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge，and few people will fail to recognize a rose，an apple，or an orchid.When our Neolithic ancestors，living in the Middle East about10，000years ago，discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season，the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken.Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture：cultivated crops.From then on，humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants，rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.16.It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.People cannot survive without plants.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrializationA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about10，000year ago.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Once mankind began farming，they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【参考答案】16.A17.A18.B19.B20.B21.A 22.BThanks giving with the WatsonsPeople came to America from every country in the world and brought the traditions of their ancestors with them.Thus,most American traditions are not really American.But Thanksgiving (感恩节)is different because it started in America.So it is a truly American tradition.Life provides many good and bad things.Every year,in November,Thanksgiving Day reminds us of the good things in life, and people are thankful.On this day people usually eat turkey and great quantities of other foods.Jesse has decided to spend Thanksgiving with David and Elizabeth Watson because he likes them,and because he cannot go to his parents'home in Chicago.Elizabeth's nickname(昵称)is Betty,and people usually call her that.She is the secretary of Jesse's boss.Jesse got to know the Watsons two years ago and he and Dave have become good friends.Sometimes they go fishing or to a ball game together.The Watsons live in a small apartment in a suburb of New York City.The offices where Betty works are in downtown New York,and she has to take a bus and two subway trains to go to work every day.It takes her about one hour to get there.She finds the trip boring and tiring.She wants to stay home in order to take care of the family and enjoy the children.The Watsons have three children.Their daughter Sue is in the fourth grade and their son Paul is in the second grade.They also have a two-year-old daughter,Ann.The children like Jesse;he is their hero.He tells them stories about foreign countries,about Africa and China,aboutthe Pacific and Japan;he has never even seen most of these countries.He knows about fast cars and new inventions.The Watson children think that Jesse is full of adventures;he is fascinating to them.Frequently he takes them to the park and joins them in their games.Today Jesse brought Sue a record of her favorite music, because she has a new record player.He also brought Paul a toy truck and Ann a plastic(塑料)book with bright pictures,and Betty a bunch of flowers.Betty cooked a nice turkey,and they all ate too much.After dinner the children wanted to go out to the park with Jesse.But they had to stay home,because it was ter,Dave and Jesse sat down in front of the TV to watch a football game.16Thanksgiving is not a truly American traditionA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17Thanksgiving Day falls on the4th Thursday in November.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18The turkey is a most popular food on Thanksgiving DayA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19Jesse and his boss are good friends.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20Elizabeth enjoys going to work in downtown New YorkA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21The children like Jesse because he once traveled around the worldA RightB WrongC Not mentioned22Jesse had a good time in his friends'homeA RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】16.B17.C18.A19.C20.B21.B22. AHer culesOnce upon a time there was a great Greek hero,Hercules. He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen.On his shoulder he carried a club and in his hand he held a bow (弓).He was known as the hero of a hundred adventures.Hercules served a king.The king was afraid of him.So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks.One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens(歌女).But no one knew where the garden was.So Hercules went away.He walked the whole day and the next day and the next.He walked for months before he saw mountains far in the distance one fine morning.One of the mountains wasin the shape of a man,with long,long legs and arms and huge shoulders and a huge head.He was holding up the sky.Hercules knew it was Atlas,the Mountain God.So he asked him for help.Atlas answered,"My head and arms and shoulders all ache. Could you hold up the sky while I fetch the golden apples for you?"Hercules climbed the mountain and shouldered the sky.Soon the sky grew very heavy.When finally Atlas came back with three golden apples,he said,"Well,you are going to carry the mountain for ever.I'm going to see the king with the apples." Hercules knew that he couldn't fight him because of the sky on his back.So he shouted:"Just one minute's help.My shoulders are hurting.Hold the sky for a minute while I make a cushion(垫子)for my shoulders."Atlas believed him.He threw down the apples and held up the sky.Hercules picked up the apples and ran back to see the king.16Hercules was the tallest man in the world.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17Hercules worked in the king's garden.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18Hercules was given many difficult tasks because the kingwanted to get rid of him.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19Atlas was the giant who held up the sky.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20Atlas ran faster than Hercules.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21Atlas got the golden apples for Hercules because he wanted to be the king himself.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22Hercules finally managed to get the apples by defeating Atlas.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】16.A17.C18.A19.A20.C21.B22. B。

Riches and Romance From France's Wine HarvestSeptember is harvest time.And with bunches of grapes swinging（摇摆）in the wind,the vineyards of southern France are getting ready to celebrate it.The yearly wine festival is held in honour of Bacchus,the Roman god of wine.It's a fun time with parties,music,dancing,big meals and,of course,lots of wine.French wine-making began more than 2,500 years ago.The world's oldest type of vine grows in France and always produces a good quality wine.Today France produces one-fifth of the world's wine,and some of the most famous varieties.The top wine-producing areas are Bordeaux,Burgundy and the Loire Valley.Champagne,a drink used in celebrations,is named after the place where sparkling（有汽泡的）wine was first produced in 1700.Wine is made from the juice of freshly picked grapes.It is the sugars that turn into alcohol.Traditionally,people used to take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice.Nowadays,this practice is usually carried out by machines.Each wine producing region has its own character,based onits type of grapes and soil.The taste of wine changes with time.Until 1850,all French champagne was sweet.Now,both wine and champagne taste slightly bitter.The drink has always been linked with riches,romance and nobleness.Yet the French think of it in more ordinary terms.They believe it makes daily living easier,less hurried and with fewer problems."All its links are with times when people are at their best；with relaxation,happiness,long slow meals and the free flow of ideas,"wrote wine expert Hugh1.All French people celebrate the grape harvest every September.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.In the yearly wine festival,people always enjoy themselves.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.Wine—making in France has a history of over 2,500 years.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.Many varieties of wine produced in France are named after places.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.Different regions in France produce different types of wine.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.French wine will taste sour（酸的）in future.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.The French people believe that drinking wine is a good way to relax.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案：BAACACA。

Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV)，one of mankind's most feared viruses，as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune(免疫的)defenses，making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients' bodies，according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute，one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences，has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗)trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have"far wider applications".The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was "shocking"but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared byhaving all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years，breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately，the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.'The HIV virus has the ability to escape from，and.then destroy，the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.1FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humansA RightB WrongC Not mentioned2The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removedA RightB WrongC Not mentioned4The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body's immune cellsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned5Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soonA RightB WrongC Not mentioned6It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.CInhalable Water DropletsYou think that the biggest threat to your health when taking a shower comes from slipping on a bar of soap?Well,guess again.Preliminary studies by engineers at the University of Cincinnati and the Oak Ridge Institute for science and education,also in Cincinnati,indicate that some water-saving shower nozzles produce water droplets so small they can be inhaled,exposing anyone using the shower to several different health hazards.Using a device called an optical particle counter the researchers tested a number of shower nozzles,both of adjustable and fix-spray styles.They found that some products create droplets less than10microns in diameter-small enough to be inhaled.That\'s problem,the researchers theorise, because the water may contain trace of chemicals used by treatment facilities to kill microbes and bacteria in the water.These organic compounds are relatively safe to take in by drinking,but may not be safe to inhale.Another threat may be possible as well.Previous research has shown that the droplets can contain microbes that live inside the warm,wet interior of shower nozzles.When the faucet is turn on,these microbes are swept out through the nozzles. If these droplets are inhaled,the microbes could pose a threat to people who are with asthma and other respiratory problems.All of this doesn't mean you should skip your morning shower just yet.More research is needed,cautious oak ridge institute scientist Virendra Sethi says,before anyone can determine just how serious—or insignificant—these health risks may be. Moreover,not all water-conserving nozzles produce inhalable droplets."It all depends on the design of the nozzle,"says Sethi.Right now there is no way for consumers to know which nozzle produce these tiny drops."We are working to develop specifications for shower head designs that would not generate droplets in the inhalable size range,"he adds.1.The first paragraph is a question to which the author hopes to have a positive answer from the reader.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2.Shower nozzles shower nozzles that produce waterdroplets,big and small,can expose anyone using the shower to health problems.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3.The chemicals contained in water kill bacteria to make it safe for drinking.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4.The problem that inhalable water droplets produce is that they may expose people with respiratory problems to health hazards.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5.The adjustable type of nozzles are less dangerous than the fixed one.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6.People with asthma and other respiratory problems should avoid taking showers.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7.To overcome the problem caused by inhalable water droplets,Sethi,per haps with some other researchers,is drawing up standards for safe shower head designs.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案;BBAABCARiches and Romance From France’s Wine HarvestSeptember is harvest time.And with bunches of grapes swinging(摇摆)in the wind，the vineyards of southern France are getting ready to celebrate it.The yearly wine festival is held in honour of Bacchus，the Roman god of wine.It's a fun time with parties，music，dancing，big meals and，of course，lots of wine.French wine-making began more than2,500years ago.The world’s oldest type of vine grows in France and always produces a good quality wine.Today France produces one-fifth of the world’s wine，and some of the most famous varieties.The top wine-producing areas are Bordeaux，Burgundy and the Loire Valley.Champagne，a drink used in celebrations，is named after the place where sparkling(有汽泡的)wine was first produced in1700.Wine is made from the juice of freshly picked grapes.It is the sugars that turn into alcohol.Traditionally，people used to take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice.Nowadays，this practice is usually carried out by machines.Each wine producing region has its own character，based on its type of grapes and soil.The taste of wine changes with time.Until1850，all Frenchchampagne was sweet.Now，both wine and champagne taste slightly bitter.The drink has always been linked with riches，romance and nobleness.Yet the French think of it in more ordinary terms.They believe it makes daily living easier,less hurried and with fewer problems.“All its links are with times when people are at their best;with relaxation，happiness，long slow meals and the free flow of ideas,”wrote wine expert Hugh Johnson.1All French people celebrate the grape harvest every September.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2In the yearly wine festival，people always enjoy themselves.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3Wine—making in France has a history of over2,500years.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4Many varieties of wine produced in France are named after places.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5Different regions in France produce different types of wine.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6French wine will taste sour(酸的)in future.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7The French people believe that drinking wine is a good way to relax.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案：BAACACAThanksgiving with the WatsonsPeople came to America from every country in the world and brought the traditions of their ancestors with them.Thus，most American traditions are not really American.But Thanksgiving (感恩节)is different because it started in America.So it is a truly American tradition.Life provides many good and bad things.Every year，in November，Thanksgiving Day reminds us of the good things in life，and people are thankful.On this day people usually eat turkey and great quantities of other foods.Jesse has decided to spend Thanksgiving with David and Elizabeth Watson because he likes them，and because he cannot go to his parents'home in Chicago.Elizabeth's nickname(昵称)is Betty，and people usually call her that.She is the secretary of Jesse's boss.Jesse gotto know the Watsons two years ago and he and Dave have become good friends.Sometimes they go fishing or to a ball game together.The Watsons live in a small apartment in a suburb of New York City.The offices where Betty works are in downtown New York，and she has to take a bus and two subway trains to go to work every day.It takes her about one hour to get there. She finds the trip boring and tiring.She wants to stay home in order to take care of the family and enjoy the children.The Watsons have three children.Their daughter Sue is in the fourth grade and their son Paul is in the second grade.They also have a two-year-old daughter，Ann.The children like Jesse;he is their hero.He tells them stories about foreign countries，about Africa and China，about the Pacific and Japan;he has never even seen most of these countries.He knows about fast cars and new inventions.The Watson children think that Jesse is full of adventures;he is fascinating to them.Frequently he takes them to the park and joins them in their games.Today Jesse brought Sue a record of her favorite music，because she has a new record player.He also brought Paul a toy truck and Ann a plastic(塑料)book with bright pictures，andBetty a bunch of flowers.Betty cooked a nice turkey，and they all ate too much.After dinner the children wanted to go out to the park with Jesse.But they had to stay home，because it was ter，Dave and Jesse sat down in front of the TV to watch a football game.1Thanksgiving is not a truly American traditionA RightB WrongC Not mentioned2Thanksgiving Day falls on the4th Thursday in November.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3The turkey is a most popular food on Thanksgiving DayA RightB WrongC Not mentioned4Jesse and his boss are good friends.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5Elizabeth enjoys going to work in downtown New YorkA RightB WrongC Not mentioned6The children like Jesse because he once traveled around the worldA RightB WrongC Not mentioned7Jesse had a good time in his friends'homeA RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C5.B6.B7.BA Pay Rise or Not?"Unless I get a rise，I'll have a talk with the boss，Henry Manley，"George Strong said to himself.George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in，but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham，a nearby city，about50miles away.He had been offered a job in a factory there，and the pay was far better.George lived in Wyeford，a medium-sized town.He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else，but if he took the job in Birmingham，he would have to move his family there.Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors.The company was in deep trouble because，among other reasons，the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices.As a result，Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well.Otherwise he would not get any orders at all.Even then，orders were still not coming in fast enough，so that there was no money for raises(加工资)for his workers Somehow，he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well.He sighed.Just then the phone rang.His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see himas soon as possible.Manley sighed again.He could guess what it was about.George Strong was a very young engineer.The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him Manley rubbed his forehead(前额);his problems seemed endless.1Henry Manley was already deeply in debt.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2The job that had been offered to George in Birmingham paid better.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3If George took the job in Birmingham，he would have to leave his family at Wyeford.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4Henry Manley's company was in deep trouble.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers'wagesA RightB WrongC Not mentioned6Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see himA RightB WrongC Not mentioned7George Strong was the best engineer in Henry Manley's company.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1.C2.A3.B4.A5.B6.B7.C。

2015年职称英语《理工A》真题及答案(完整文字版)第1 页：词汇选项第2 页：阅读判断第3 页：概括大意与完成句子第4 页：阅读理解第一篇第5 页：阅读理解第二篇第6 页：阅读理解第三篇第7 页：补全短文第8 页：完形填空第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not?tolerate?that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. Accept【答案】D2. She showed a natural?aptitude?for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. Taste【答案】B【解析】aptitude 天赋have a aptitude for=have a gift /talent for3. Most people find?rejection?hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. Destiny【答案】C4. The organization was?bold?enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. Sensible【答案】C5. They were locked in?mortal?combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. Active【答案】A【解析】A.deadly 致死的;B.open打开的;C.actual实在的;D.Active积极的。

mortal致命的、致死的;immortal 不朽的题干：他们被锁起来进行致命的战争。

6. We were attracted by the?lure?of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. Sum【答案】C7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less?transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. Correct【答案】A【解析】A.clear清楚的;B.necessary必要的;C.special特殊的;D.Correct正确的transparent 明显的、显然的题干：这些过程被认为是复杂的且没有那么清楚的。

2015年职称英语理工类模拟试题2015年职称英语理工类模拟试题之词汇选项第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.A.playB.sendC.showD.tell1.C【解析】译文：她在攀登过程中表现出极大的耐力。

划线词的意思是“展示，展览”，C项意为“展示，表明”，例：Her laziness showed in her exam results.她平时懒惰从她的考试成绩可以看得出来。

A项意为“玩；播放”，例：I could hear music playing on the radio.我听到收音机里演奏着音乐。

B项意为“发送”，例：She sent me a Christmas card.她给我寄来一张圣诞贺卡。

D项意为“讲（述），告诉；吩咐；认出；显示；生效”，例：I always tell my daughter a story before she goes to sleep.睡觉之前，我总讲故事给她听。

2.The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.A.longB.never-endingC.boringD.extensive3.She could not answer,it was an immense load off her heart.A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous4.The book made a great impact on its readers.A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power5.Accompanied by cheerful music,we began to dance.A.pleasantB.colorfulC.fashionableD.different6.He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age.petitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedpetent7.Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.A.writesB.sketchesC.describesD.indicates8.Don't irritate her.she's on a short fuse today.A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD.protect9.It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.interesting10.I notified him that my address had changed.rmedB.observedC.mockedD.misled11.The manager allocate duties to the clerks.A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order12.The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.A.hairlessB.bareC.emptyD.bald13.It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.A.challengedB.assumedC.deductedD.decreed14.We must abide by the rules.A.stick toB.persist inC.safeguardD.apply15.From my standpoint,you know,this thing is just funny.A.positionB.point of viewC.knowledgeD.opinion第1部分：词汇选项1.C【解析】译文：她在攀登过程中表现出极大的耐力。

第⼀部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下⾯每个句⼦中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、The storm caused severe damage. A.physical B.accidental C.serious D.environmental 2、Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early A.selected B.operated C.developed D.discovered 3、The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers A.real B.main C.only D.practical 4、A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy A.gathered B.watched C.shouted D.walked 5、He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia A.gradual B.regular C.direst D.occasional 6、On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers A.wild B.fresh C.lovely D.false 7、We had trouble finding a pure water supply A.typical plete 8、“What do you mean by that”Paul asked sharply A.critically B.helplessy C.politely D.quickly 9、She only needs a minute amount of money A.certain B.fair C.full D.small 10、Keep your passport in a secure place A.special B.good C.safe D.different 【答案】：CDCAB，DCADC，ABBDD 11、He inspired many young people to take up the sport A.encouraged B.allowed C.called D.advised 12、Did she accept his research proposal? A.invitation B.plan C.offer D.view 13、The city centre was wiped out by the bomb A.covered B.destroyed C.reduced D.moved 14、I’d like to withdraw 500 from my current account A.leave D.draw 15、The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious A.hate B.need C.love D.pity 第⼆部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分) 下⾯的短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息⽂中没有提及，请选择C。

【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2015年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～5题，每题l分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 With immense relief. I stopped running.A some B、enormous C little D extensive2 The scientists began to accumulate data.A collectB handleC analyzeD investigate3 Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A hit.B passedC reachedD led4 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A possibleB profitableC easyD wise5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.A factB mysteryC statementD game6 That guy is really witty.A smartB uglyC honorableD popular7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.A reasonableB dramaticC humiliatingD horrifying8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.A preparedB trainedC qualifiedD guided9 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.A praisesB writesC imitatesD describes10 The meaning is still obscure.A vagueB transparentC alienD significant11 Dumped waste might contaminate Water supplies.A destroyB decreaseC delayD pollute12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.A assumesB expectsC predictsD considers13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.A rememberB followC understandD learn14 I hope that I didn't do anything absurd last night.A awkwardB strangeC stupidD awful15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A forbidB advocateC inheritD withdraw第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22垒题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Green Roof ResearchThe concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent（流行）in Germany，which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as 'extensive' and'intensive' systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be grown in a layer of substrate（土层）that can be as shallow as inches，and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs，such as shrubs（灌木）and even trees，which require deeper substrate layers，and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic（美学的）benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you，some of the common economic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy；air and water purification；recovering green spaces；and the mitigation（缓解）of the heat island effect in urban areas.The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs，the methods of propagation（繁殖）as well as establishment，nutrient（养料）and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds：tolerance of cold and heat: tolerance of drought conditions: capacity of persistence and survival.A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors. And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked.16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 0ne of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 0ne focus；n the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment，its potential market is rather small.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题l分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

2015年职称英语《理工类B级》模拟试题及答案(1)第一部分：词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、 The document was compiled by the Department of Health.A．writtenB．printedC．attachedD．sent2、 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.A．secretsB．detailsC．benefitsD．words3、 Mary said mildly that she was just curious.A．shylyB．gentlyC．weaklyD．wildly4、Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A．angerB．doubtC．loveD．surprise5、 Enormous sums of money have been spent on space exploration.A．MuchB．LargeC．SmallD．Fixed6、 While we don't agree, we continue to be friends. A．whoeverB．whereC．AlthoughD．Whatever7、 Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. A．politeB．similarC．usualD．bad8、 The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax plan. A．unclearB．firmC．shortD．neat9、 Jack is a diligent student.A．ambitiousB．hardworkingC．lazyD．slow10、 I don't quite follow what she is saying.A．believeB．understandC．explainD．accept11、 Such a database would be extremely costly to set up. A．transferB．destroyC．establishD．update12、 He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art. A．sharingB．usingC．denyingD．developing13、 Have you talked to her lately?A．lastlyB．finallyC．shortlyD．recently14、 The story was very touching.A．inspiringB．boringC．absorbingD．moving15、 Did anyone call me when I was out?A．inviteB．nameC．answerD．phone第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的容对每个句子做出判断。

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A 涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑16、回答16-22题：Micro-chip research center createdA research center has been set up in this far-east country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology．The center, which will start out with about US$14million,will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants．The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker．Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes．Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology provider are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance.As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with out-dated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of U.S．dollars．the majority of that money goes tooverseas equipment vendors and technology owners- mainly from Japan and Singapore.Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in industry, the country admits the US$14million in vestment is still rather small．This country is developing prehensive technologies．Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property owners.The country says that the investment of US$14 million is big enough for developing that country’chip industry.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned17、That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned18、Although the licensing fees are not very high, that far-east country cannot afford to pay.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned19、Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip- making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned20、Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned21、Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned22、More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentionedChoosing a Topic for ResearchBecause you are going to put a lot of your time and energy into your research project(项目),the topic is especially important.In many instances your instructor may give a specific(特殊的)topic.If this is done,you have little choice,but most instructors will permit or even wele a slightly changed focus(中心)in a topic if it is supported by good thinking.In some of your classes,the instructor may present a suggested list of several topics from which you are to make a choice.If this is done,do not simply select the first idea that attracts your attention.It may be one with which you will soon bee bored,or it may be one on which you would have difficulty finding all the necessary information.Looking at the topics,try to consider how you might go about developing each ofthem.When you find out what seems especially interesting and worthwhile(值得骄傲的),do a bit checking in the library to see if you can get the basic resources you will need.Choosing a good research topic does not necessarily mean finding something that has a lot written about it.Many times you will have to research around a topic in order to find out the most useful information.Exciting and original topics often e to mind by bining two pletely different interests.Let us say that you are interested in child psychology(心理学的)and in sports.Perhaps you can bine these into a study of the effect that is watching(可得到的)on the subject,you can research the topic individually and,by putting your information together,then draw a conclusion.16. Choosing a topic for research is important in that you will put a great deal of time and energy into it.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. All instructors will allow somewhat changed focus in the original topic.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. If all the topics are interesting,you are advised to choose the one that has necessary information and is easy to get the basic resources you will need in the library.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Choosing a good research topic certainly refers to finding something that has a lot written about it.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. An exciting and original topic must be any two interests bined.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. You can research the topic by cooperating with others.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The passage is most likely written for researchers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：16. A17. B18. A19. B20. B 21. C22. ADangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the world’s highest munities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain munities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor pared with those living lower down.To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the would, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-ine families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude aredeprived of oxygen before birth.“This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,“says Giussani.His also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads pared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.练习:According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain munities are underweight is that their mothers are underweight.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. Giussani’s team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother’s womb.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. High-altitude babies have heads that are larger thantheir bodies.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Guissani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：BCAABCBGreen Tea Protects against Heart DiseaseA few cups of green tea each day may help prevent heart disease, Greek researchers said on Wednesday. A study published in the European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation showed further evidence of the potential health benefits from a brew already linked to a reduced risk of a range of cancers and other conditions.The study showed that green tea improves blood flow and the ability of arteries to relax, said Charalambos Vlachopoulos, a cardiologist at the Athens Medical School in Greece who worked on the study. Other studies have shown that black tea also has benefits for cardiovascular health.The Greek team said they believed green tea might be even better because it had higher quantities of beneficial pounds called flavonoids（类黄酮）-- some of which are lost in the oxidation process that black tea undergoes. Flavonoids are also found in cocoa, tomatoes and grapes. "A couple of cups a day would probably be a good dose for people," Vlachopoulos said. "This is the first study to show these effects for greentea."The researchers gave 14 healthy volunteers either green tea, diluted caffeine or hot water and then measured the function of endothelial cells lining the circulatory system. These cells help relax arteries and ease blood flow."What is important is these effects are evident fairly rapidly, within 30 minutes," Vlachopoulos said. The measurements taken 30, 90 and 120 minutes following consumption showed an almost immediate benefit among people who had drunk green tea, he said.While the researchers looked only at a short-term impact, Vlachopolous said the team's studies suggest the protection is long lasting. "Green tea is consumed less in the Western world than black tea, but it could be more beneficial because of the way it seems to improve (circulatory) function," he said.1.According to the Greek researchers, having several cups of green tea each day may help prevent heart diseaseA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.There are no studies done to prove that black tea is good for cardiovascular healthA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.The study shows that green tea and black tea are of the same benefits to cardiovascular healthA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.We can find flavonoids in cocoa, tomatoes and green teasA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.The healthy volunteers feel fortable and exciting after drinking green teaA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.The researchers have made long-term studies on the impact of green tea to the health of human bodyA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.Green tea is not as popular as black tea in the worldA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案：ABBACBCNew Understanding of Natural Silk’s MysteriesNatural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility (柔韧性) from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.Most materials—especially the ones we engineer for strength—get their toughness from brittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound for pound, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesn't seem that silks should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are far weaker than the covalent (共价的) bonds found in other molecules.To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MITteam created a set of puter models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals (纳米晶体) is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes (纳米碳管), think again.The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk—like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.16. MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Silk’s strength es from its weak hydrogen bondsworking together.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Biologists and engineers are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The MIT team had tried different materials before they studies natural silk in the research.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：16 B 17 A 18 B 19 B 20 C 21 C 22 AEl NinoWhile some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.Using a puter, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare. a meteorologist at the University of California. Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it“suggests EL Nino is indeed predictable.”“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,”said Weare. He added that the new method“makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times.”Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1887 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasonal forecasting. Anderson said.When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and years.The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.练习：1. The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past El Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned4. Weare’s contribution in predicting El Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned5. According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned7. A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned答案：BACCBACChoosing a Topic for ResearchBecause you are going to put a lot of your time and energy into your research project(项目),the topic is especially important.In many instances your instructor may give a specific(特殊的)topic.If this is done,you have little choice,but most instructors will permit or even wele a slightly changed focus(中心)in a topic if it is supported by good thinking.In some of your classes,the instructor may present a suggested list of several topics from which you are to make a choice.If this is done,do not simply select the first idea that attracts your attention.It may be one with which you will soon bee bored,or it may be one on which you would have difficulty finding all the necessary information.Looking at the topics,try to consider how you might go about developing each of them.When you find out what seems especially interesting and worthwhile(值得骄傲的),do a bit checking in the library to see if you can get the basic resources you will need.Choosing a good research topic does not necessarily mean finding something that has a lot written about it.Many times you will have to research around a topic in order to find out the most useful information.Exciting and original topics often e to mind by bining two pletely different interests.Let us say that you are interested in child psychology(心理学的)and in sports.Perhaps you can bine these into a study of the effect that is watching(可得到的)on the subject,you can research the topic individually and,by putting your information together,then draw a conclusion.16. Choosing a topic for research is important in that you will put a great deal of time and energy into it.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. All instructors will allow somewhat changed focus in the original topic.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. If all the topics are interesting,you are advised to choose the one that has necessary information and is easy to get the basic resources you will need in the library.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Choosing a good research topic certainly refers to finding something that has a lot written about it.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. An exciting and original topic must be any two interests bined.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. You can research the topic by cooperating with others.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The passage is most likely written for researchers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：16. A17. B18. A19. B20. B 21. C22. AAre You Getting Enough Sleep?What happens if you don’t get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in the United States, wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes. That’s eleven days and nights without sleep.What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24hours without sleep, Gardner started having trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry (模糊). By the third day, he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating(产生幻觉). For example, when he saw a feet sign, he thought it was a person. He also imagines he was a famous football player. After the next few days, Gardner’s speech became so slurred(不清楚)that people couldn’t understand him. He also had trouble remembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn’t pass a counting test. In the middle of the test he simply stopped. He couldn’t remember what he was doing.Then Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second day he slept twelve hours, the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours, and by the fourth night, he had returned to his normal sleep schedule.Though Gardner recovered quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep gerous. They say that people should not repeat Randy’s experiment. Tests on Gardner have shown how serious sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without-started losing their fur(皮毛). And even though the rats ate more food than weight. Eventually the rats died.During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. But why purpose of sleep? Surprisingly, scientists don’t know for sure. Some sleep in order to replenish(补充)brain cells. Other scientists think body to grow and to relieve stress. Whatever the reason, we know enough sleep.16. Randy Gardner studied the effects of overover-sleeping.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned17. During the experiment, Gardner slept for two hours every night.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned18. During the experiment, Gardner had trouble speaking clearly.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned19．It took four days for Gardner to recover from the experiment.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned20. Going without sleep is not dangerous for white rats.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned21. Scientists are not sure why we need sleep.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned22. People sleep less than they used to.A RightB WrongC Not Mentioned答案：BBAABACAre You RichIt was Thanksgiving morning and in the crowded kitchen of my small home I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey when the doorbell rang. I opened the front door and saw two small children in rags huddling together inside the storm door on the top step."Any old papers, lady?"I was busy. I wanted to say no -- until I looked down at their feet. Thin little sandals, sopped with sleet."e in and I'll make you a cup of hot cocoa."There was no conversation. Their soggy sandals left marksupon the hearthstone. I served them cocoa and toast with jam to fortify against the chill outside. Then I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget.The silence in the front room struck me. I looked in. The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it. The boy asked in a flat voice,"Lady ... are you rich?""Am I rich? Mercy, no!" I looked at my shabby slipcovers. The girl put her cup back in its saucer--carefully."Your cups match your saucers."Her voice was old, with a hunger that was not of the stomach. They left then, holding their bundles of papers against the wind. They hadn't said thank you. They didn't need to. They had done more than that. Plain blue pottery cups and saucers. But they matched.I tasted the potatoes and stirred the gravy. Potatoes and brown gravy, a roof over our heads, my man with a good steady job -- these things matched, too.I moved the chairs back from the fire and tidied the living room. The muddy prints of small sandals were still wet upon my hearth. I let them be. I want them there in case I ever forget again how very rich I am.1.Two children appeared before the writer’s house in Thanksgiving day and they asked for some food from the writerA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.The writer was so willing to throw the old papers away that she gave the papers to them at onceA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.The writer showed her sympathy to the children because they were orphansA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.The children didn’t say anything when the writer let them e into her houseA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.The girl gave her pliments to the cups and the saucersA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.The children left the writer’s house and they showed their gratitude in words to the writerA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.The writer thought that she was rich because she had a husband with a good steady job and a daughter and a sonA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案：BBCAABCWant to Be 100? Listen to These 5 Centenarians (百岁老人) Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement munity who are all centenarians get asked all the time:“How did you live to be 100?”If you want to live to 100 or more, this rare group of five golden girls says the key to longevity (长寿) is working hard at a job you love and taking care of your body while you’re at it.Even though an estimated 70,000 people in the country are currently at the century mark or beyond in age, it is unusual to find five 100-year-olds living in one place.The average life-span (寿命) of Americans is about two or three years short of an 80th birthday party. And most people don’t want to cut out coffee, soda, alcohol, cigarettes, and eat healthy food.“People tell me all the time,‘I don’t want to live to be 100,’”said Mildred Leaver, who turned 100 in June.“I think that’s just sad. Aging is attitude and I don’t feel old,”said Leaver, a former educator who still drives her Buick around town.It doesn’t take long to see that Leaver and her neighbors Mildred Harris, Grace Wolfson, Gladys Stuart and Viola Semas, have a lot more in mon than their longevity and lifelong healthy habits. All are 100 except Stuart, who is 101.Even though their sight and hearing aren’t what they used to be, they’ve all avoided illnesses that many elderly people are stricken with. It’s been 50 years since Leaver beat cancer for the first and only time.The mon thread that connects these women is the decades of service to jobs each loved as a farmer, designer, school principal, bookkeeper and secretary. In the early years of their lives, gainfully employed women like them were just as rare as 100-year-olds are today.16.Currently about 70,000 people are aged 100 or above in America.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned.17.It is not hard to find five 100-year-olds living in one place in America.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned.18.None of the five centenarians have any children.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned.19.The average life-span of Americans is 80 years.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned.20.Leaver feels sad about her old age.。