from+where+和+from+which定语从句区别
- 格式:doc
- 大小:27.50 KB
- 文档页数:2
定语从句知识讲解定语从句何时用that,何时用which,何时用where,when,what…定语从句何时用that,何时用which,何时用where,when,what…定语从句定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
副词有:when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和持一致。
)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:rosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
定语从句宾语从句状语从句的区别定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句是英语语法中常见的三种从句。
虽然它们都是从句,但是它们的作用和用法却有所不同。
下面我们将分别从三个方面来介绍它们的区别。
一、定语从句定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,用来对其进行进一步的说明或限定。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,如who、whom、whose、which、that、when、where等。
例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
)在这个例子中,定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰了名词“book”,进一步说明了这本书的来源。
二、宾语从句宾语从句是作为主句的宾语的从句,用来说明主句的动作或状态。
宾语从句通常由连接词that、whether、if、who、whom、whose、which、when、where、why等引导。
例如:I don't know whether he will come or not.(我不知道他会不会来。
)在这个例子中,宾语从句“whether he will come or not”作为主句的宾语,说明了主句的不确定性。
三、状语从句状语从句是用来修饰主句中的动作或状态的从句,通常由连接词if、when、while、although、because、since、as、unless等引导。
例如:Although it was raining heavily, he still went out for a walk.(尽管下着大雨,他还是出去散步了。
)在这个例子中,状语从句“Although it was raining heavily”修饰了主句中的动作“he still went out for a walk”,说明了他的行为与外界环境的不协调性。
“介词+ 关系代词”的用法【典型考例】1. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.. (2008福建)A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which2. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ____ New York is an example. (2008四川)A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which【解析】不难看出,这两道题都是考查了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
第1题题意:一道罕见的彩虹出现在Mount Qomolangma的上方。
appeared a rare rainbow为倒装形式。
故选D。
第2题先行词为many cities,从句还原后成为“New York is an example of many cities”,所以选择介词of,表示所属关系。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句既是同学们学习定语从句中的难点之一,也是各种考试的重点之一,尤其在近几年的高考题中出现的频率甚高,而且变化多样。
经过对定语从句的学习,同学们对于定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的选择可能不会感到有什么困难了,但对于“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的用法却往往感到棘手。
希望下面的总结能助同学们一臂之力。
一、“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句基本构成:“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which(物)和whom(人),即:介词+which/ whom。
1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom,关系代词不能省略。
定语从句与同位语从句、强调句的区别一、定语从句1. 定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which;关系副词有:when, where, why。
2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句(1)限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词。
如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。
例:This is the boy who broke the window.(2)非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语,对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。
如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。
书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。
例:I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.3. 非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”:(1)非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。
(2)非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which 代替。
例:I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.(3)由“介词+关系代词”引导时,关系代词不能用as。
(4)指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom,不能省略。
4. 在定语从句中,下列情况的关系词用that而不用which:(1)先行词被形容词最高级、序数词、数词等几种词修饰或被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等修饰时。
例:This is the best film that I have ever read.(2)先行词为all, much, little, none, few, one, something, everything, anything等不定代词时。
课程篇定语从句在复合句中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也修饰一个句子,定语从句是英语中重要的语言现象,在阅读理解中起着极其重要的作用。
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句,并在句中充当某一成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。
正确选用先行词是学习定语从句的关键。
如:This is the place where(in which)he was born.这句话中,where he was born是从句,the place是先行词,定语从句修饰先行词the place,“这是他出生的地方”。
where是关系副词,在定语从句中做地点状语。
因为从句缺少状语,所以由where充当,相当于he was born in the place.定语从句的关系词when,where,why在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。
Which在从句中作主语或宾语,指物,常可与that替换使用,作宾语时也可以省略。
which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,选择先行词与which之间的适当介词,如:A prosperity which/that has been appeared in the town.那个镇已呈现繁荣景象。
(which/that在句中作宾语)The package(which/that)you had sent is about to be unwrapped.你寄出的包快散了。
(which/that在句中作宾语)when:in/at/on+whichwhere:at/in/on/by/near/beside/next to/to/from...等介词+which why:for+which关系副词where,why前不能再加介词。
1.先行词表示地点时,如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词,用关系副词where或介词+which;where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。
如果是及物动词,用which或that都可以。
非限制定语从句where非限制定语从句where非限制定语从句where的用法大家了解了吗?以下是店铺精心准备的非限制定语从句where的用法,大家可以参考以下是内容哦!一、非限制性定语从句中,连词which与where的区别which和where都是联系词,但是which是连系代词,where是连系副词.也就是说,which在后面的定语从句中是要做主语或者是宾语的,而where则不能做主语或宾语,记住,是不能.举例说明it is a good place ,which is the center of our country 这里的which在后面的定语从句中做is的主语,所以如果这里用where的话,它不能做定语从句的主语,这样一来,定语从句中就缺少了主语,这个句子就不成立了再举例it is a good place ,where I spend my childhood这里选where是因为,后面的定语从句中,已经不缺主语和宾语了,所以不能用which.二、where 可以的引导非限定性定语从句除了关系代词that外,所有的关系词都可以引导非限定性定语从句,举例如下:Last night,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影,那是关于长征的.This letter is from my sister,who is working at a factory now.这封信是我姐姐寄来的,他现在在一家工厂上班.I paid a visit to compony last month,where my brother are working.上个月我参观了一家公司,我哥哥在那里工作.My grandpa's childhood is bitter,when he lived a hard life.我祖父的童年是辛酸的,那时候他过着十分艰难的日子.三、非限制性定语从句说到非限定性定语从句的讲解,还要分成不同的部分,首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么。
from where 和from which定语从句区别from which 与from where的用法区别1、Soon after getting off his horse,the captain appeared at the second storey windows,from where he could see nothing but trees。
下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。
他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。
(引导定语从句)划线部分相当于…,and from at the windows…不可变为from which…,直接用where不如用from where更具体。
2、She climbed up to the top of the hill,from where she could have a good view of the whole town. 她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光。
(引导定语从句)划线部分相当于…, and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which…,不可变为from which,也可直接用where 引导,但语义较为含糊,不如用from where更加生动、形象、具体。
3、We went up to the roof , from where we had a good view of the procession。
我们爬到屋顶,在那儿我们可以一览整个行进队伍。
(引导定语从句)划线部分可理解为and from on the top of the roof或from on the top of which,用from which是不对的,直接用where仍显不具体,不形象。
4、China is the birth place of kites, from where kiteflying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India。
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分一、定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。
因此,同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。
定语从句从句型上讲,它与六种句式相似,十分容易混淆。
为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异,现将其分类例析如下。
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分一、定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。
因此,同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。
定语从句从句型上讲,它与六种句式相似,十分容易混淆。
为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异,现将其分类例析如下。
一、定语从句与并列句1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。
①Mr Li has three daughters,none of _____ is an engineer.②Mr Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer.③Mr Li has three daughters; _____ are doctors.定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
二、定语从句与地点状语从句1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。
①Rice doesn't grow well _____ there is not enough water.②I still remember the farm _____ my parents worked ten years ago.定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于:定语从句有表示地点的先行词,而地点状语从句则没有;定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词+which”来代替where,而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。
三、定语从句与强调句1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。
①It is on the morning of May 1st __ I met Liang Wei at the airport.②It is the factory ___ Mr Wang works.强调句与定语从句的区别【原题复现】27.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village_____the hostes s cooked such a nice dinner.A. where B.that C.when D. which【语法补漏】强调句与定语从句的区别是:在定语从句中一般使用关系代词that, which,who, whom或关系副词when, where,why等,先行词(中心词)一般是名词或名词短语,而在强调句中,可以用副词、介词短语或从句来作被强调的内容。
定语从句中where和which 的区别————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:ﻩ定语从句中where和which的区别1.This is the factory_________we visited yesterday.ﻪ2.Thisis thestable__________Jesus Chirstwas born.1,which ﻪ2.whereﻪ分析:关键是看从句中的动词。
如果是及物动词(顾名思义,就是必须要接物做宾语的动词,或能用做被动的动词),则表明从句缺宾语,修饰人用who/whom/that。
修饰物用that/w hich. 如动词是不及物(顾名思义就是不需要接物做宾语的或要接宾语时前面必须要加介词的,即用介宾的动词),则说明从句不缺宾语,可能是状语(或介宾)。
表地点用where.时间用when.ﻪ如题1:从句的动词是visit,我们说参观某个地方说:visitsomeplace。
而不说visit in the place所以visit是及物动词。
所以缺宾语,修饰物故用which.ﻪ如题2,我们说出生于某地用bebornin,如:i was born in beijing而不说i wasbornbeijing.故说明born后不直接跟宾语,应用介宾,或关系副词(whe re/when)所以此处填in which 也是正确的。
所以在平时的练习中应注意动词的及物于不及物性1这是解决这类题的关键之一。
ﻪ扩展练习:1.Thesearethe days____ I spent withmy mom.(when)2.These are the times _____ I experienced .ﻪ(which)英语定语从句that ,where,which的区别例如:(1)I love places____the people arereallyfridendyA.that B.which C.whereD.whoﻪ(2)Thisistheplace____Ihave ever visitedthere B.whomC.he D.whichﻪ(3).This is the house____I want tobuyﻪA.In whichB.that C.what D.that(4)this is themuseum ____ wevisited last yearﻪA.whereB. in whichC.whichD.inthat1.Cﻪ2.D也可以是thatﻪ3.B/D,也可以不填。
Where adv 在哪里引导定从2.conj 在……地方无论何处引导装从3.PRON (用做from to in 的宾语)from which与from where的区别有朋友问到from which与from where 有何区别下面是我们的一位特约作者给出的部分回答,摘录如下,供大家参考:关于from which的用法比较好理解,这里主要说说from where的用法。
from where主要有以下两个用法:用法一:用于引导非限制性定语从句,在意义上相当于and from there(从那儿)。
如:He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance. 他躲在一棵树上,从那儿他可以看到远处的敌人。
We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the procession. 我们爬上屋顶,从那儿可以很好地观看游行。
用法二:可视为where前省略了the place,即这样用的from where 相当于from the place where,意思是“从……的地方”“离……的地方”。
如:From where I stood I could see everything clearly. 从我站的地方我一切都看得清清楚楚。
The car stopped short only a few inches from where I stood. 汽车在离我站的地方仅几英寸处突然停住。
The school was only a few blocks from where she lived. 学校离她的住所只有几个街区的距离。
若遇到前面是地点名词的先行词,如何判断用where还是from where还是from which?请看下面一个句子:I have bought that house, _____I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge .我们认为这道题填where 和from where 语法上都可以(但不宜填from which),但两者在意义上稍有区别:I have bought that house, where I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge. 我买下了那栋房子,在房子那可以欣赏到杨浦大桥的美景。
高考英语语法词汇专项突破:03-2定语从句强化训练50题(答案解析版)姓名:__________ 班级: _________ 限时:40分钟得分:____________养成良好的答题习惯,是决定成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
一、根据语境填上一个合适的词,使句意完整。
1.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to____ she could turn for help.答案与解析:whom。
题中包含短语“turn to sb. for help”,意思是“向某人求助”。
本句可以转换成:In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person (whom/ who/ that)she could turn to for help. 属于“介词+关系代词”结构。
句意是:在漆黑的大街上,连一个她可以求助的人都没有。
2.______ has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.答案与解析:As。
考查非限制性定语从句。
这是as引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是后面的整个句子,关系代词as指代后面的主句的内容,在定语从句中as作主语,意思是“正如”。
句意:正如宣布的那样,下个月我们要举行期末考试。
3.There comes a time________ the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.答案与解析:when。
谈谈from +where引导的从句作为表示起源的介词,from的宾语除了可由名词或代词充当外,还可以由副词或介词短语充当。
如:Lastly,we’re going to visit Athens,and fly home from there. 最后,我们将访问雅典,然后从那儿乘飞机回国。
We heard noises coming from upstairs,but we didn’t pay much attention to them. 我们听到了楼上传来的响声,但我们没怎么在意。
He crawled out from under the table. 他从桌子下面爬了出来。
They were elected from among the workers. 他们是从工人当中选出来的。
副词或介词短语可以用作另一介词的宾语,这也是关系副词where能够位于介词from 之后充当其宾语的依据。
一、关系副词where作介词from的宾语介词from之后可接一个由关系副词where引导的定语从句,或者说form where可以用来引出一个定语从句,相当于and from there(从那儿),其先行词是主句中表示地点的名词或介词短语。
1. from where 引导的定语从句以地点名词作先行词。
Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric,but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land,from where he eventually reached Greenland. 比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲,但他被飓风吹离航线,刮到一个不知名的地方,从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。
She climbed up to the top of the hill,from where she could have a good view of the whole town. 她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光。
定语从句(教师版)关系副词when, where, why介词+whom/which引导的定语从句一、基本概念1. 定语从句除可用关系代词引导外,还可用关系副词when_, _where__与why来引导。
2. 它们的区别是:when用于指时间_,相当于in/ at/ on/ duringwhich, where用于指地点,相当于in/ at/ from which, why 用于指原因, 相当于for which。
3. 关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词作状_语,不可省略,有时可以用介词+which 代替。
二、基本用法1. 关系副词when关系副词与where的先行词是表示时间(如the day(s), the time, the year等)与地点(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一类词,而关系副词why的先行词通常只是for the reason(s)。
另外,when 与where 可引导限制性与非限制性定语从句,而why _则只用于引导限制性定语从句,不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
★用适当的关系副词填空①I will remember the day when I left my hometown forever. (作时间状语=on which)②This is the place where he works. (作地点_状语= in which_)③He told me the reason why he was late again. (作原因状语= for which )2. 注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when,在地点名词后就一定用关系副词where,在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。
到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在定语从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
where和which的定语从句用法定语从句是英语中常用的句子结构,用于给予关于某个名词或代词的进一步描述。
在定语从句中,我们经常使用连接词"where"和"which"来引导从句。
下面将分别介绍这两个连接词在定语从句中的用法及例句。
1. "where"的用法:"where"在定语从句中用于修饰地点,并且在从句中作为连接副词引导地点从句。
它可以用于修饰人、物、地点等。
例句如下:- I visited the school where my parents studied.(我参观了我父母曾就读的学校。
)- This is the place where we first met.(这是我们第一次见面的地方。
)- Do you know the city where she was born?(你知道她出生的城市吗?)2. "which"的用法:"which"在定语从句中用于修饰事物,并且在从句中作为连接代词引导名词从句。
它可以用于修饰单数名词或复数名词。
例句如下:- This is the book which I borrowed from the library.(这是我从图书馆借来的书。
)- I like the flowers which bloom in spring.(我喜欢春天开放的花朵。
)- She showed me the painting which she won a prize for.(她向我展示了她因这幅画而获奖的情况。
)在使用定语从句时,需要注意的是,"where"和"which"都需要与其所修饰的名词或代词在意义上相符合。
此外,"which"还可以用作非限制性定语从句的引导词,但这属于更高级的语法结构。
定语从句(教师版)关系副词when, where, why介词+whom/which引导的定语从句一、基本概念1. 定语从句除可用关系代词引导外,还可用关系副词when_, _where__与why来引导。
2. 它们的区别是:when用于指时间_,相当于in/ at/ on/ during which, where用于指地点,相当于in/ at/ from which, why用于指原因, 相当于for which。
3. 关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词作状_语,不可省略,有时可以用介词+which 代替。
二、基本用法1. 关系副词when关系副词和where的先行词是表示时间(如the day(s), the time, the year等)和地点(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一类词,而关系副词why的先行词通常只是for the reason(s)。
另外,when 和where 可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,而why _则只用于引导限制性定语从句,不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
★用适当的关系副词填空①I will remember the day when I left my hometown forever. (作时间状语=on which)②This is the place where he works. (作地点_状语= in which_)③He told me the reason why he was late again. (作原因状语= for which )2. 注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when,在地点名词后就一定用关系副词where,在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。
到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在定语从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
from where和from which定语从句From where 和 from which 是两个定语从句,其中前者多用于口语中,后者则更多地用于书面语中。
这两种从句的主要作用是用于描述一个地点或一个场所的来源。
尤其是在叙述旅游经历或者是叙述一个地点的时候,这两种从句会经常使用到。
首先来看 From where,这是一个常见的定语从句,表示的含义是“从哪里”,也就是引导定语从句的一个关系词。
例如:- I still remember the place from where we saw the sunrise. - This is the first time I have been to the hospital from where my daughter was born.在这两个例子中,from where 带着一个来自过去的回忆,描述了一个特定的地点的来源。
例如,在第一个例子中,“from where”表示日出的场所,它是一个出发点,这个地方给了人们一个美好的印象。
From which 也是一个定语从句的形式。
和前面的from where 相比,from which 更多地使用于书面语中,并且用法更加形式化。
和 from where 不同的是,fromwhich 表示的含义是“从那里”,也就是指向定语从句的一个关系词。
例如:- My favorite park, from which I first saw fireflies, has been closed for years. - The abandoned factory, from which the worker was dragged out, is about to become a museum.在这两个例子中,from which 描述了一个特定的地点或者场所,并且给予了一个额外的背景信息。
在第一个例子中,“from which”指的是那个很久以前的公园,给人们留下了一个美好的记忆,因为那是他们第一次看到萤火虫。
from where 和 from which定语从句区别
2008-07-20 20:05
from which 与 from where的用法区别
1、Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees. 下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。
他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。
(引导定语从句)
划线部分相当于…, and from at the windows…不可变为from which…,直接用where不如用from where更具体。
2、She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have
a good view of the whole town. 她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光。
(引导定语从句)
划线部分相当于…, and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of w hich…, 不可变为from which,也可直接用where引导,但语义较为含糊,不如用from where更加生动、形象、具体。
3、We went up to the roof , from where we had a good view of the procession. 我们爬到屋顶,在那儿我们可以一览整个行进队伍。
(引导定语从句)
划线部分可理解为and from on the top of the roof或from on the top of which,用from which是不对的,直接用where仍显不具体,不形象。
4、China is the birth place of kites, from where kiteflying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡,在那里风筝传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
这里from正与下文的spread to构成一个整体,可理解为from near/around this place,如若把from where换为 where显然是讲不通的,改成from which, 能够讲得通,但不太符合英语习惯。
5、The car stopped suddenly only a few inches from where I stood.那辆小汽车就在我站的地方仅几英寸处突然停下了。
(引导状语从句)这里的划线部分中where引导的是宾语从句,与from一起作地点状语从句。
例句1:look over there!some people are standing under the big tree,___ you can enjoy the whole view. A.which B.from which C where D from where
分析:where 代表 under the tree 这个地方,如果用 which 就只能代表the big tree, 这句话的意思不是Enjoy the whole view from the big tree. 而是 from under the big tree.介词后接介词短语的例子还是常见的.
实际上这个句子完整的应该是You can enjoy the whole view from the place
under the big tree. the place 被省略了。
该句属于定语从句。
例句2:He stood by the window, ______ he could see what was happening outside.
A. where
B. which
C. from which
D. from where。