WY英语（语法部分）专题十四特殊句式课前预习读教材SHUO JI CHU考/点/梳/理必备清单倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。
如果将谓语动词的全部或一部分放在主语之前，就叫“倒装结构”。
如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫“全部倒装”；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，就叫“部分倒装”。
一、完全倒装用法为了使某种情景表达得生动形象，以in，out, up, down, away, off,over ,next, back等副词作状语并置于句首，谓语动词是come, go, rush, run 等不及物动词，主语是名词时句子用完全倒装；若主语为人称代词，则用陈例句Out rushed the students the moment the bell rang. 铃一响学生们就冲了岀去oUp jumped the cat and caught the mouse.猫跳上去抓住了老鼠。
述语序。
以there, here, now, then 开头的句子及There/Herebe(exist, etc.).・・"表“存在”的句子，主语是名词时用完全倒装；若主语为人称There goes the bell and class is over•铃响了,下课了。
Now comes your turn•现在轮到你了。
表示“地点”的词语置于句首或强调“地点”概念同时主语是名词时用完全倒装。
Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.在两座大楼之间有棵大树。
题，句中谓语动词常为Sit, stand9 lie等不及物动词。
goat•地上躺着一只生病的山羊。
On the ground lay a sick 代词, 则用陈述语序。
二、部分倒装1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句并置于句首时,引起主句部分倒装。
was he able to get Only when the war was over in 191：happily back to work.直到1918年战争结束后，他才能愉快地重新投身于工作。
注意①only修饰的状语，如不位于句首，则不用倒装。
The aim will be achieved only after a bitter struggle. 只有经过艰苦的奋斗，才能达到目标。
②only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。
Only when did he return did we find out the truth.(X) Only when he returned did we find out the truth.( J)③only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。
Only can he answer the question.( X)Only he can answer the question.( V)④在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。
Only after the war learned he the sad news・(X)Only after the war did he learn the sad news.( V)2.具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含有否定词的介词短语、连词固定搭配置于句首时，需用部分倒装。
⑴常见的否定或半否定的副词有：never, seldom,little（少），hardly, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, not 等。
Never before has the city been in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.这个城市以前从来没有像今天这样需要现代化的公共交通设施。
（2）常见的否定的介词短语有：at no time（从来没有），byno means（决不），in no way（决不），in no case（决不），under no circumstances（在任何情况下都不）等。
By no means will this method be effective.这种方法绝对没有效。
Under no circumstances can we do something that can do bad to our school.在任何情况下我们都决不做有损于学校利益的事。
(3)常见的否定连词有：not only...but also…,no sooner...than..., hardly...when..., scarcely...when..., not until… 等。
Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them.我们不仅不应该害怕困难，还应该尽全力克服它们。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我开始工作，我才意识到自己浪费了多少时间。
3.as引导的让步状语从句用倒装。
⑴表语的倒装。
Tired as he was, he kept on working.虽然很累，但他仍继续工作。
(2)谓语动词的倒装。
Try as he might/did, he didn't pass the exam.尽管很用功，他考试还是不及格。
(3)状语的倒装。
Much as I travel, I've never found a more beautiful place.虽然我经常旅行，但我从未发现更漂亮的地方。
注意以上as倒装结构也适用于though, as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装，though可以倒装也可以不倒装, 但although不能用于倒装句。
Although I studied hard, I could not catch up with them.( V)Hard although I studied, I could not catch up with them.( X)Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.( V)As I studied hard, I could not catch up with them.(X)Hard though I studied, I could not catch up with them.( V)Though I studied hard, I could not catch up with them.( V)虽然我努力学习，但我赶不上他们。
4.频度状语often, always, once, many a time, now and again9 every other d町等；方式状语thus；程序状语so；地点状语in the distance, in front of等位于句首时，需要部分倒装。
Many a time has he helped me with my computer.他多次帮我修理电脑。
So fast does light travel that we can't imagine its speed.光传播得这么快，我们无法想象它的速度。
5. if引导的虚拟条件句，若含有were, should,助动词had,就可出现省略.倒装情况。
（详见虚拟语气）必备清单应J ［强调一、对谓语动词的强调强调谓语动词时，用“do/does/did+动词原形”来表示,意为“确实，一定，肯定”。
Do be careful when crossing the street.过马路时一定要当心。
The train does move.火车真的在动。
They did come to see you yesterday, but failed to meet you.他们昨天的确来看过你，但没见到你。
二、It强调句型1. It强调句型的基本形式It强调句型最基本的句式结构为:It be+被强调部分+that/who/whom+句子;被强调部分是除谓语之外的其他句子成分，可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句；强调人时，可用who或whom（只能用于强调宾语）。
It is I who/that am right.（强调主语）我才是对的。
It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate•（强调宾语）我们在学校门口遇到的是他。
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work•（强调状语）她之所以没来上班，是因为她母亲病了。
2.对not・・・imtil…结构的强调对not...until…结构中由until引导的短语或从句进行强调时，需用It be not untiLe.that…这一固定句型。
I didn't realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses.—It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的影星。
注意①上面句型可以改成not until的倒装句型。
Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she wasa famous film star.②not until句型要么用强调句型，要么用倒装句型，不能既强调又倒装。
He didn't realize the importance of knowledge until it was too late.( J)Not until it was too late did he realize the importance of knowledge^ V)It was not until it was too late that he realized the importance of knowledge^ V)It was not until it was too late did he realize the importance of knowledge^ X)直到太迟了他才意识到知识的重要性。
