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专四语法

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倒装Inversion●英语基本语序为主语在前,谓语在后。

有时为了某种需要,如保持句子平衡、强调或固定的句型结构,而把谓语放在主语之前,这种语序叫倒装语序。

●倒装有两种:全部倒装和部分倒装。

一、全部倒装把谓语全部放在主语之前,叫全部倒装。

1.There be句型中,用全部倒装。

例如:There was nobody in this school. There is something wrong with the machine.There are different opinions on it. There is a temple on the top of the mountain2.here, there, now, then, thus, in, up, away等副词位于句首,谓语动词常用come, go, lie, run等,要用全部倒装.例如:Here comes the bus! There goes the bell. Then followed three days of heavy rain!注意:若主语是人称代词,则只把副词提前位于句首,主语和谓语的位置不倒装。

例如:Here they come! Away they went.3.如果句子把地点状语提前,谓语动词为be, sit, come, go, lie, stand等,需要全部倒装。

例如: On the hill stands a temple. Around the corner exist two banks.4.为了句子平衡或强调,将表语置于句首,也用全部倒装。

例如:Gone are the days when we lived in the countryside.Present at the meeting are my friends from South America.5.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首,需全部倒装。

例如:"What are you doing?" asked the teacher.但如果主语为代词或谓语还有其他词修饰,则不倒装。

例如:"What are you doing?" he asked."How do you feel these days?" The teacher asked me like my mother.二、部分倒装只把助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前,叫部分倒装。

1.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句用部分倒装。

例如:Do you have any ink? What do you usually do on Sundays?2.否定副词位于句首,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, nowhere等,或否定副词短语位于句首,如in no way, on no account, at no time, in no case, by no means等,句子用部分倒装。

例如:Never in my life have I heard such a thing. Seldom does he come recently.Hardly could she believe her own eyes.At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.3.以否定词not only...but also, no sooner...than, hardly/scarcely...when等开头的关联结构,句子进行部分倒装。

例如:Hardly/Scarcely had he got on the bus when he heard a shout.No sooner had I gone to sleep than the telephone rang.Not only did he buy a bike for me but he also sent it to my house.4.在so...that, such...that句型中,如so, such位于句首,前半句倒装。

例如:So busy is he that he has no time to play with his daughter.Such a good person was my teacher that we all admired her.5.当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，一般句子要部分倒装。

例如:Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only when he is seriously ill does he go to hospital.但当only修饰其状语不位于句首,或位于句首的only用来修饰的不是状语,而是主语,则不倒装。

例如:Only a doctor can do it.6.so, neither, nor, no more位于句首,表示"也是","也不是",进行部分倒装。

例如:Tom is very kind, so am I. He doesn't care much for sweets, nor do I.7.由as, though, if引导让步状语从句时,从句用部分倒装。

结构为:名词(不加冠词)/形容词/副词/动词+as/though+主语+谓语however +形容词（副词)+主语+谓语例如:Child as he was, he could speak two languages.8.在含有were, should, had的虚拟条件句中,可以省略if,而把这三个词提前。

例如:Had you told me earlier, I could have done better.Should anyone call, tell me in time.Were I you, I would try it again.9.such作表语置于句首时,则部分倒装。

例如:Such is my teacher. Such are the words.10.在某些表示祝愿的句子里。

例如:May you be happy! Long live China!虚拟语气Subjunctive mood虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。

通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句（三种基本形式）1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/could/might+doIf there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：if+主语+had done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have doneIf he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句：if+主语+过去式/should do/were to do 主句：主语+ should/would/could/might+do If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.4、虚拟条件句中，主句和从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生，虚拟语气的形式应根据实际情况来调整，这种条件句叫错综条件句。

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。

）5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序Were she here, she would agree with us.二. 虚拟语气的特殊应用1、would rather + that 这时用一般过去时来体现虚拟语气I would rather you told her the truth.2.、If only + thata. 如果该句子表示与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时或would dob. 如果该句子表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时3、当以下动词后加句子时，句子应用虚拟语气，形式是（should）+动词原形表示建议的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend,…表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request,…表示指挥、命令的：order, command, direct,…表示坚持的：insist,…注意：动词insist, suggest 后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。

比较：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I (should) read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。

4、it is time + that 是...的时候了这个结构有以下两种变形形式，所用虚拟语气形式都一样：it is high time / it is about time.这三个结构后面加的句子谓语动词都用一般过去时或用should加动词原形来体现虚拟语气,但should不可省略。

It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.5、下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式：advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested, surprisedeg: It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.6. I wish + that表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。

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完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析

完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析

语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sｂｈad ｄoｎe，主句sb wouｌd(sｈoｕlｄ, ｃould, miｇht)＋hａvｅｄoｎe；2、省略ｉf,从句的语序用到装，即将ｗere,hａd或shoulｄ移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。

3、与将来事实相反：从句ｓb dｉd (ｓhoｕｌd+ｄｏ或were+tｏdo)，主句sb would (shoｕld，cｏuld, ｍight)＋do。

4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。

比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb hａd dｏne,主句sb wｏulｄ(sｈoｕld, could, mｉght)+do;考点２：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insisｔ,ｏrdeｒ，cｏmmaｎｄ, sｕｇgest, aｄvise, prｏpose, a ｓk，reqｕire, ｒｅｑuesｔ，ｄemａnd引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。

考点３:Iｔis ＋advｉsable,eｓｓenｔiａl, importaｎt, iｍpeｒative，iｎcｒediｂｌe等从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。

考点4：it is(ｈｉgh/abouｔ)tiｍe that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。

例如:考点5：much aｓ"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用ｗｏuｌd havｅdone表示假设。

考点6：if oｎlｙ, wish，as iｆ/as ｔhoｕgｈ引导从句，与过去事实相反:ｈad ＋ｄone；与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/woｕld＋ｄo考点7：ｗｏｕld rather／ｓoｏｎer从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点８:ｌesｔ/ foｒfear that+(shｏulｄ) ＋原形动词。

英语专四语法

英语专四语法

一些名称Imperative mood祈使句request请求≈祈使句Subjunctive mood虚拟语气Dangling participle 虚悬分词Personal pronoun人称代词：包括属格和反身Generic reference 类指用法：定冠词a/an+名词单数”是表示“类指”/The + 名词复数Specific reference特指用法:定冠词the+名词单数或者加了定语修饰Pronoun代词Attributive后置定语Parenthesis插入语语法动名词做主语，常常表示泛指的一般行为或者概念，否定形式应把否定词放在动名词之前不定时作主语表示一次具体的行为1.语法一致原则（principle of grammatical concord）2.意义一致原则（principle of notional concord）3.就近原则（principle of proximity）单位名词（unit noun）：用来表示不可数名词的数量,即不可数名词的个体性；它也能与可数名词搭配,表示“一双”、“一群”等意义.集合名词（Collective noun）意指一种可用来指称一群对象的字，而这些对象，可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。

举例而言，在英语中，“一群狮子”可称为“a pride of lions”，此时“pride”为一个集合名词。

限定词：限定词分为三种：1、前位限定词（pre-determiner）：all，both，half，分数词（one-third，one-fifth等）, 倍数词（double，twice，three times等），such；2、中位限定词（central-determiner）：冠词（a，an，the），指示代词（this，that，these，those），不定代词（some，any，either），否定词（no，neither），全称限定词（every，each），所有格（my，your，John's)；3、后位限定词（post-determiner）：基数词（three，200），序数词（first，second，300th，last），数量词及短语（many，much，little，few，plenty of，a lot of，a large number of）等。

英语专四语法复习内容

英语专四语法复习内容

英语专四语法复习内容想要通过英语专四考试，就必须掌握英语专四的语法。

那么英语专四的语法有哪些呢?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语专四语法内容，希望大家喜欢!英语专四语法内容一 There be 结构1. There be结构There were very few people left when we got there.There have been many such incidents.Nearby there had been a fight in full progress.也可以是情态动词 +beThere can be very little doubt about his guilt.There may always be instances about which we are uncertain. There ought to / should be some instructions on the lid.还可以是There +情态动词+ be 的完成时There may have been an accident.If the criminal had come this way, there would be / would have been footprints. There should / ought to have been someone on duty all the time.2. There + 半动词+ be，这里很少用完成体形式.There is certain to be trouble at the factory.There is sure / likely to be some rain tonight. There seems / appears to be no doubt about it.3. There be结构也可有被动式，这类there be结构有些可以与there be结构的一般形式相互转换。

专四常考语法点汇总

专四常考语法点汇总

语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上）要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。

其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

要点2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。

一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. （2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?A. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：（一）条件状语从句：表示条件或假设，通常由以下连词或结构引导：★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?（二）让步状语从句：含有“虽然，尽管，即使”之意，主要引导词有：★特别提醒1. 几种不常用的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music.While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了although或though，就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but，但是though可以和yet 连用。