高考英语中国文化元素书面表达素材一、长城(The Great Wall)The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一｡如果你到了中国却没去过长城,就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔,或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样｡人们常说:“不到长城非好汉｡”实际上,长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙,直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城｡然而,今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关,西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的｡二、饺子(Dumplings)Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festi val and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品｡相传为古代医圣张仲景发明｡饺子的制作是包括: 1) 擀皮､2) 备馅､3) 包馅水煮三个步骤｡其特点是皮薄馅嫩,味道鲜美,形状独特,百食不厌｡民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语｡中国人接亲待客､逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗,寓意吉利｡对崇尚亲情的中国人来说,“更岁交子”吃饺子,更是欢度除夕､辞旧迎新必不可少的内容｡三、筷子(Chinese Chopsticks)The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners asa hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜｡有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年｡筷子古时称为箸,它看似简单,但却同时具有夹､拨､挑､扒､拌､撮､戳､撕等多种功能｡中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物,如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等｡与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同,成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴｡西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明｡【拓展1】The Story of Chopsticks(1) 筷子的故事⑴Chopsticks are used every day in China.⑵Now I'd like to take this opportunity to share their interesting history with you.⑶I think you'll agree that even an ordinary item used in daily life can have a fascinating story.⑷Although chopsticks originated in China, they are widely used in many Asian countries.⑸T he first chopsticks were made from bone and jade.⑹In the Spring and Autumn period, copper and iron chopsticks came into being.⑺In ancient times, the rich used jade or gold chopsticks to display their wealth.⑻Many kings and emperor s used silver chopstic ks to see if their food had been poisoned.⑼Chopsticks are traditionally placed in brides' dowries,because "chopsticks" in Chinese is pronounced "kuaizi", which sounds like "get a son soon."⑽Many foreign friends try to use chopsticks when they visit China.⑾Even the former president of the United States Richard Nixon, used chopsticks at the welcoming banquet held in his honor.⑿As soon as he left his table, a foreign diplomat grabbed his chopsticks as a historical souvenir.⑴中国人每天都在使用筷子｡⑵现在我想借这个机会和大家一起聊一些有关于筷子历史的有趣故事｡⑶我想你会赞同即使是日常生活中一件小物品也会有其引人入胜的故事｡⑷虽然筷子起源于中国,但现在很多的亚洲国家都在使用｡⑸最早的筷子是用骨头和玉制成的｡⑹在春秋时代又出现了铜制和铁制的筷子｡⑺在古代,富人家用玉筷子或金筷子以显示其家庭的富有｡⑻许多帝王用银制的筷子以检查他们的食物中是否被人投了毒｡⑼筷子在传统上是被当作新娘的嫁妆的,因为“筷子”在汉语中读作“kuaizi”,听起来很像“快得儿子”｡⑽许多外国朋友在访问中国的时候都使用筷子｡⑾甚至是美国前总统尼克松在为其到来而举办的欢迎宴会上也使用了筷子｡⑿他刚一离开桌子,一名国外的外交人员就抓起了他的筷子,把它作为了具有历史意义的纪念品｡【拓展2】The Story of Chopsticks(2) 筷子的故事⑴In ancient China, chopsticks signified far lore than tools that take food to the mouth; they also signified status and rules, “can”and ”can’t”.⑵During t he Northern Song Dynasty, an official named Tang Su once had dinner with the emperor. He was not well informed in noble table etiquette and so laid down his chopsticks horizontally on the table before the emperor did. As a result, he was expatriated to a frontier area for penal servitude.⑶In ancient eating etiquette, there were over a dozen taboos concening chopsticks. For example , they could not be placed vertically into a dish, as this was the way of making sacrifices to the dead.⑴在古代中国,筷子不仅仅是把食物送到口中的餐具,它被赋予了重要的内涵和“能”和“不能”的规矩｡⑵北宋朝时,一个叫唐肃的官员陪皇帝进膳｡他不了解用餐时使用筷子的礼仪,在皇帝还没有吃完时,他把筷子横放在桌子上,表示他不想再吃了｡结果这位官员被发配边疆｡⑶在古代的饮食礼仪中,筷子的使用方法的禁忌有十多种｡比如,忌将筷子竖直插入菜盘或饭碗中,因为这代表为死人上坟｡四、中国功夫(Chinese kung fu)Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian t heory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.中国功夫即中国武术,是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目,承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化｡其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说,同时兼容了道家､释家的思想｡中国武术源远流长､流派林立､拳种繁多,讲究刚柔并济､内外兼修,蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟｡后世所称十八般武艺,主要指:徒手拳艺,如太极拳､形意拳､八卦掌等;器械功夫,如刀枪剑戟､斧钺钩叉等｡【拓展】⑴Chinese Kung Fu is magnificent and profound but it’s unfortunate that a lot of it has not been passed down.⑵Taijiquan can make you feel at peace. In addition to emphasizing matching the movements with your breathing, it is good for your health too.⑶The primary reason for practicing kung fu is for health reasons. Defense is of secondary importance and hurting others is abolutely unacceptable.⑴中国功夫博大精深,可惜有很多已经失传了｡⑵太极拳可以使人心境平和,加上它注重呼吸配合动作,对身体也有好处｡⑶练武的主要目的在于锻炼身体,其次是防身,至于用来伤人是万万不可以的｡There is much more to Kung Fu than Jackie Chan or Bruce Lee. Kung Fu is an art form, and also, very good for you.功夫并不只是指成龙或李小龙,它是一种艺术形式,而且对你很有好处｡Many styles of Kung Fu are based on the ideas of nature. Ancient boxing masters often developed their fighting techniques by observing the world around them. Animals, birds, and insects provided the basis for many systems of Kung Fu developed in the past.很多功夫招式来源于对自然界的想象｡古代拳术大师常常通过观察他们周围的世界改进拳术技法｡动物､鸟类和昆虫为过去很多功夫的系统发展提供了基础｡Many of the hard forms of Kung Fu came from a Buddhist Monastery called “Shaolin”. An Indian priest named Tamo came to live there nearly 1500 years agou. According to legend, Tamo arrived at the monastery where he found the monks in poor physical condition. Becausethey couldn’t stay awake during meditation, Tamo introduced a series of 18 exercise designed to feed both body and mind. These movements are said to have merged with self-defense tactics studied in the Shaolin Temple.很多硬功夫都出自叫“少林”的佛教寺庙｡大约1500年前,有个叫达摩的印度僧人来到这里｡传说他来到寺庙,发现那里的和尚身体状况很不好｡因为他们在坐禅时候不能保持清醒,达摩就传授给他们一套十八手拳法,目的是锻炼他们的身心｡据说这些动作融合了他在少林寺研究的防身术｡I suggest a soft form of Kung Fu, called Tai Qi. It comes from Taoism and it’s very good for your health. Through its training, you can get inner peace and a sense of physical and emotional well being. It’s often called Chinese Yoga: the art and science of meditation through movement.我建议你学习一种温和的功夫,叫太极拳｡它源于道教,对你的健康非常有好处｡通过这种训练,你能达到内心的平和,以及身体和情绪上的安宁舒适｡它经常被人们称作中国瑜伽:通过运动达到沉思冥想的一种艺术和科学｡。
