(完整版)专升本英语语法

300个语法公式专升本一、四大句子成分及其语法公式1. 主语（S）+ 谓语动词（V）2. 主语（S）+ 不及物动词（Vi）+ 表语（P）3. 主语（S）+ 及物动词（Vt）+ 宾语（O）4. 主语（S）+ 及物动词（Vt）+ 间接宾语（IO）+ 直接宾语（DO）二、常见的修饰成分及其语法公式1. 名词（N）+ 修饰语（Adv）2. 代词（Pron）+ 修饰语（Adv）3. 形容词（Adj）+ 修饰语（Adv）4. 副词（Adv）+ 修饰语（Adv）三、特殊句型及其语法公式1. There be 句型There be + 存在的事物（S）+ 位置（P）2. 祈使句动词原形（V）+ 宾语（O）3. 疑问句疑问词（W）+ 动词（V）+ 主语（S）四、从句及其语法公式1. 名词性从句a. 主语从句：连接词 + 主语从句b. 宾语从句：连接词 + 宾语从句c. 表语从句：连接词 + 表语从句d. 同位语从句：连接词 + 同位语从句2. 定语从句a. 关系代词引导：连接词 + 关系代词 + 定语从句b. 关系副词引导：连接词 + 关系副词 + 定语从句3. 状语从句a. 时间状语从句：连接词 + 时间状语从句b. 地点状语从句：连接词 + 地点状语从句c. 原因状语从句：连接词 + 原因状语从句d. 结果状语从句：连接词 + 结果状语从句e. 条件状语从句：连接词 + 条件状语从句f. 目的状语从句：连接词 + 目的状语从句五、语法公式的应用举例1. 主语（S）+ 谓语动词（V）例句：Tom plays basketball every day.（汤姆每天打篮球。

）2. 主语（S）+ 不及物动词（Vi）+ 表语（P）例句：The flowers are beautiful.（这些花很美。

）3. 主语（S）+ 及物动词（Vt）+ 宾语（O）例句：She eats an apple.（她吃一个苹果。

）4. 主语（S）+ 及物动词（Vt）+ 间接宾语（IO）+ 直接宾语（DO）例句：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书。

专升本英语语法讲义一、名词名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。

（一）名词的分类1、专有名词指特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称，首字母通常大写，如China（中国）、Bill Gates（比尔·盖茨）、the Great Wall（长城）。

2、普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词个体名词：表示单个的人或事物，如book（书）、apple（苹果）。

集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称，如 family（家庭）、team（团队）。

不可数名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质，如 water（水）、rice（米饭）。

抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如 love（爱）、happiness（幸福）。

（二）名词的数1、可数名词的复数形式一般在名词后加 s，如 books，apples。

以 s，x，ch，sh 结尾的名词，加 es，如 buses，boxes，watches，dishes。

以辅音字母＋ y 结尾的名词，把 y 变为 i 再加 es，如 city cities，baby babies。

但以元音字母＋ y 结尾的名词，直接加 s，如 boy boys，day days。

以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，把 f 或 fe 变为 v 再加 es，如 knife knives，leaf leaves。

但有些词直接加 s，如 roof roofs，chief chiefs。

不规则变化，如 man men，woman women，child children，foot feet，tooth teeth 等。

2、不可数名词的量化不可数名词要表示数量，需要用量词短语，如 a piece of paper（一张纸），a cup of coffee（一杯咖啡），two bottles of water（两瓶水）。

（三）名词的所有格1、表示有生命的名词的所有格一般在名词后加＇s，如 Tom's book（汤姆的书）。

第一讲名词一、名词的分类名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。

1.普通名词又可分为：(1)个体名词。

如：cup，desk，student等。

一般可数，有单复数形式。

(2)集体名词。

如：class，team，family等。

一般可数，有单复数形式。

(3)物质名词。

如：rice，water，cotton等。

一般不可数，没有单复数之分。

(4)抽象名词。

如：love，work，life等。

一般不可数，没有单复数之分。

2.专有名词：如：China，Newton，London等。

二、名词的数(一)可数名词的复数形式的构成规则1.一般情况下在名词的词尾加s，如：book books，pencil pencils.2.以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词加-es，其读音为［iz］。

如：bus buses，box boxes，watch watches，dish dishes等。

3.以-y结尾的名词：(1)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，把y改为i再加es，读音为［iz］，如：factory factories，company companies等。

(2)以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾，直接在词尾加-s，读音为［z］。

如：key keys，Henry Henrys等。

4.以-f和-fe结尾的名词：(1)变-f或-fe为v再加-es，读音为［vz］。

如：thief thieves，wife wives，half halves等。

(2)直接在词尾加-s，如：roof roofs，gulf gulfs，chief chiefs，proof proofs等。

(3)两者均可。

如：handkerchief handkerchiefs或handkerchieves.5.以-o结尾的名词：(1)以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后直接加-es，读音为［z］。

如：hero heroes，potato potatoes，tomato tomatoes等。

目录一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态） .................... 错误!未定义书签。

二、不定式................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

三、动词的时态和语态 .............................................. 错误!未定义书签。

一般现在时的特例 ...................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

一般过去时的注意点................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

一般将来时的注意点................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

四、非谓语动词 ...................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

五、复合式谓语 ...................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

六、动词的虚拟语气............................................... 错误!未定义书签。

七、状语从句 .......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

1、时间状语从句 ........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

2.地点状语从句 ........................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

英语专升本语法知识点汇总一、时态。

1. 一般现在时。

- 用法：- 表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

例如：I go to school by bike every day.（我每天骑自行车去上学。

）- 表示客观事实或普遍真理。

例如：The earth moves around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。

）- 结构：- 主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it等）时，动词要加 -s或 -es，如He likes reading. 其他人称用动词原形，如I like reading.2. 一般过去时。

- 用法：- 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：I visited my grandparents last weekend.（我上周末去看望了我的祖父母。

）- 结构：- 动词一般用过去式形式。

规则动词的过去式一般在词尾加 -ed，如work - worked；不规则动词有其特殊的过去式形式，如go - went。

3. 一般将来时。

- 用法：- 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：I will go to Beijing next month.（我下个月将去北京。

）- 结构：- 常见的结构有will+动词原形，be going to+动词原形（表示计划、打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事）。

如He is going to have a party tonight.（他今晚打算举办一个聚会。

）4. 现在进行时。

- 用法：- 表示现在正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

例如：She is reading a book now.（她现在正在读一本书。

）- 结构：- be动词（am/is/are）+动词的 -ing形式。

5. 过去进行时。

- 用法：- 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。

例如：I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.（昨晚8点我正在看电视。

专升本英语语法
一、非谓语动词
To do 表示将要去做（主动语态）
To be done 表示将要被（被动语态）
Doing 正在做某事（主动语态）
Being done 正在被（现在分词的被动）
Done 做完某事（被动语态）
Having done 做完某事（主动语态）
Having been done 做完某事（被动语态）
二、must的用法
1、Must作情态动词：must +do 必须
Must, mustn’t/ needn’t +主语？或者Mustn’t, must+主语？
2、Must 表示推测时：
Must+do 对现在情况推测“一定是“，反义部分用Must 后面的动词Eg: he must be a teacher, isn’t he?
Must 对过去肯定的推测，must have done “一定做过某事“
如果句中有明确的过去时间，（yesterday/last week/month/year/night）, 反义部分用didn't + 主语？
Eg: it must have rained last night, didn't it?
如果句中没有明确的过去时间词，反义部分用haven't /hasn't+主语？it must have rained, hasn't it?。

几道非谓语动词作1. He walked in, _____A____ a book in his hand, went to a table near the window and sat down in silence.A. carryingB. carriedC. to carryD. having carried【解析】答案选A. 此题考查分词作状语的用法. 首先不定式表示目的和将来可以排除；having done强调动作的完成，不符合题意，只剩下A和B，这是一个并列句，句中有三个谓语动词walked in, went to 和sat down. 句中的carrying a book in his hand是现在分词，用作状语，修饰walked in，表伴随. 提醒：此题易错选B.2. _____B_____for many years, the novelist suddenly became famous.A. having ignoredB. Having been ignoredC. to have been ignoredD. to be ignored【解析】正确答案为B. 此题考查分词作状语. 因ignored和the novelist是动宾关系，而不是主谓关系，即“被忽视”，故可排除表主动意义的A. 至于C和D，首先可排除D，因为它是不定式的一般式，表示将来意义，与句意不符；而C是不定式的完成式，一般不作时间状语.3. _____B_____ to the consumers, more and more advertisers are using images of pop stars in their ads.A. AppealedB. to appealedC. appealingD. to be appealed【解析】正确答案为B，考查不定式的用法. 首先可以排除A和D，因为appeal是不及物动词，不能用过去分词表被动，从句意来看，题目想表达的是为了吸引消费者，不定式作目的状语，而现在分词一般情况下不能表目的，所以选B.4.—What’s the matter with you?—____D___ the heavy suitcase, my waist was hurt unexpectedly.A. Having carriedB. CarriedC. While carryingD. While I was carrying【解析】正确答案为D，考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语. 一般说来，非谓语动词的逻辑主语需要和主句主语一致，此题中，主句的主语是my waist，而非谓语动词的逻辑主语是I，所以不能用非谓语动词，只能用状语从句，所以选D.5. ____D____with enough instruments necessary for the experiment, these scientists are expecting to finish it aheadof time.A. To be suppliedB. to suppliedC. supplyingD. supplied【解析】正确答案为D，考查非谓语动词作状语. 这句话的主语是scientists，与非谓语动词supply是动宾关系，也就是被提供，因此排除了B和C，不定式作状语表示将来和目的，与题意不符，所以选D.英语冠词典型考题讲练1. Tom owns ________ larger collection of ________ books than any other student in our class.A. the; 不填B. a; 不填C. a; theD.不填; the2. For a long time they walked without saying ________ word. Jim was the first to break ________ silence.A. the; aB. a; theC. a; 不填D. the; 不填3. When he left ________ college, he got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office.A.不填；aB.不填；theC. a ; theD. the ; the4. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ________ .A. a priceB. priceC. the priceD. prices5. ________ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ________ major concern of the country.A. The; 不填B. The; aC. An; theD. An; 不填6. The Wilsons live in ________ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ________ 17th century cottage.A. the , /B. an, theC. /, theD. an, a7. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ________ hotel; I can find you ________ bed in my flat.A. the; aB. the; 不填C. a; theD. a; 不填8. When you finish reading this book, you will have ________ better understanding of ________ life.A. a, theB. the, aC. /, theD. a, /9. It is ________ world of wonders ________ world where anything can happen.A. a, theB. a, aC. the, aD.不填, 不填10.The most important thing about cotton in history is________ part that it played in________ Industrial Revolution.A.不填；不填B. the；不填C. the; theD. a; the11. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ________ discover which completely changed ________ man’s understanding of colour.A. a…不填B. a…theC.不填…theD. the…a12.—I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please.—Well, you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some, aB. an, someC. some, someD. an, a13. Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today.A. a; /B. the; anC. the; theD. /；the14.—Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.—Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere().A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a15.Paper money was in________ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in________ thirteenth century.A. the; 不填B. the; theC.不填; theD.不填; 不填16. Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food.A. the; aB.不填; aC. the; theD.不填; the17. Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.A.不填, theB.不填, anC. an, anD. the, the18. The sign reads “In case of ________ fire, break the glass and press ________ red button. ”A. / ; aB. / ; theC. the; theD. a; a19. On ________ news today, there were ________ reports of heavy snow in that area.A. the; theB. the; 不填C.不填；不填D.不填；the1. B. 因为collection (收藏品，收集物) 是可数名词，此处为单数，又不是特指，所以用不定冠词；books是名词复数表示种类，而非特指，所以不用冠词. 又如：a fine collection of paintings精美的绘画收藏品.2. B. word (话、话语) 是可数名词，without saying a word意为“没说一句话”；虽然silence (沉默)是不可数名词，但此处是特指前面提到的那种沉默，所以用the.3.A. 因为school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, table, bed名词等指其用途时，不用冠词. leave college意为“大学毕业”. 又因为表示职业或身份的单数名词前通常要用不定冠词，所以选A.4. C. price前加定冠词表特指. 句意为“如果你买10个以上，他们会从那个价钱中减掉20便士”.5.B. 因为division后有介词短语between…and…的限制，这是特指的，所以要用the. 又因为concern作“所关切的事”解是可数名词，所以前面要用冠词.6. D. 因为house和cottage都是可数名词，且都不是特指，所以都用不定冠词. 句意是“威尔逊一家住在大海附近的一栋A形房子里，那是一座17世纪建的别墅”.7. A. 从next time可知，对方这次住了旅馆，第一空的hotel就是特指这个旅馆，所以用the；第二空的单数可数名词bed不是特指的，所以用不定冠词. 句意是：你下次来这里度假，就不要到这旅馆来住了，我在我的公寓里帮你弄张床.8. D. 虽然understanding是不可数名词，但作“了解、理解”解时，却常常要加不定冠词(尤其是当其前有形容词修饰时)，排除B和 C. 又因为life作“生活、人生”解，是不可数名词，不是特指，不用冠词. have a better understanding of life指“对生活有更深刻的理解”.9. B. 虽然通常说the world，但world有定语修饰时，表示“一个…的世界”时，要用不定冠词. 题中两个world 都有定语修饰，后者是前者的同位语，所以两个都用不定冠词. 句意是：这是一个奇妙的世界，一个什么事都有可能发生的世界.10.C. 因part后面有一定语从句修饰，是特指，用the；又因为“工业革命”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，所以前面也要用the.11. A. 因为discovery作“被发现的事物”讲是可数名词，前面用不定冠词，又如，make an important discovery scientific discovery (作出重大的科学发现). man作“人、人类”解，是既没有复数形式，也不能在前面加冠词的，understanding前又受名词所有格man’s修饰，也不能用冠词，所以第二空不用冠词.12. A. information 是不可数名词，前面不用冠词，因此排除B 和D；have a word with是固定短语，意为“和某人谈一下”. 句意为“我想请你帮我看一下旅馆的管理材料”. “好的，你可以和饭店经理谈，他会帮你的”.13. A. 此题考查不定冠词和不用冠词的情况. 抽象名词knowledge前加不定冠词a使其具体化，a knowledge of English意为“懂英语”；而international trade是泛指，意为“国际贸易”，前面不用冠词. 句意为“很多人认为懂英语是当今国际贸易所必需的”.14.D. 此题在特定语境中考查不定冠词的用法. 第一句句意为“你看见一支钢笔吗？”是泛指，用不定冠词. 第二空“是黑色的吗？”不是二次提及上文的钢笔，也是泛指，故也用不定冠词.15. C. (be) in use是固定词组,意为“在使用中”；第二空是序数词前要加定冠词，the thirteenth century 指第13世纪. 句意为“十三世纪马可波罗访问中国时，中国已用纸币”.16. B. animals 是名词复数表示泛指，不用冠词；kind是单数可数名词，of…kind“…种类的”. 根据句意“多数动物与另一类的动物没有关系，除非它们以其为食”. 可指应用a表示泛指.17. C. 句意为“从一万英尺高的飞机里跳出来是一次非常激动人心的经历”. airplane表泛指，以元音开头用an；experience当“经历”讲时是可数名词，因此表示“一次经历”要加不定冠词.18. B. fire泛指“火灾,失火”，不用冠词；red button 是特指，第二空用the. 句意为“那块牌子上写着：“万一失火，打碎这块玻璃，按那个红色按钮”.19. B. 第一空用the表示特指“今日的新闻”；第二空reports是复数名词表泛指，不加冠词. 句意为“在今天的新闻中有关于那个地区的大雪的报道”.英语基础语法常考题·附解析1. ─What are you reading, Jane?─Some books on ________ education, I’m now intereste d in ________ education of young people.A. an; theB. /; theC. the; anD. an；/2. —You were out when I dropped in at your house yesterday.—Oh, I________ for a friend from Beijing at the railway station.A. was waitingB. had waitedC. am waitingD. have waited3. —Little Jim has been eating sweets all day.—It’s no ________ he is not hungryA. matterB. doubtC. problemD. wonder4. Comrade Wang ________ be in Shanghai—I saw him in the company only a few minutes ago.A. m ustn’tB. can’tC. may notD. i sn’t able to5. It was not until I got home ________ I found my wallet missing.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. which6. The number of the people present at the concert ________ much smaller than expected. There ________ many tickets left.A. was; wasB. were; wasC. were; wereD. was; were7. ________ you stepped into the la b with your shoes on? You’re supposed to take them off before you enter it. I told you so!A. How comeB. How dareC. How aboutD. How long88. They made no effort to hide their amusement ________ I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever9. ________ her work has been good, but this essay is dreadfulA. In a wordB. In generalC. In particularD. In total10. She returned home from the office, only ________ the door open and something missing.A. findingB. to be foundC. to findD. found11. We should ________ ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession.A. devoteB. spendC. offerD. provide12. The Anti- Japanese War ________ in 1937 and it ________ eight years.A. broke out; lastedB. broke out; was lastedC. was broken out; lastedD. was broken out; was lasted13. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building ________others were waiting on the airfield.A. duringB. whereC. whichD. while14. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. Which15. —Let’s go to the zoo this Sunday, OK?—________. I love to see all kinds of animals.A. I couldn’t agree moreB. I’m afraid notC. I believe notD. I don’t think so1. B. 第一个education 意为“教育；教育学”，为不可数名词，因此不用冠词；而第二个education 表示特指，意为“年轻人的教育”，因此用定冠词，故答案为B.2. A. 根据上句中的时间状语的提示可知谓语动词是指过去某时正在发生的事情，因此用过去进行时态，故答案为A.3. D. 上句“小吉姆整天在吃糖果”是“他不饿”的原因，因此答案为D. no wonder 意为“难怪，不足为怪. ”4. B. 情态动词must 表推测时只能用于肯定句. 在否定句中用can’t代替must. can’t 意为“不可能”；may not 意为“可能不”；be able to 表示经过努力或克服了困难之后做成了某事的能力，意为“能，会”. 句中的破折号起解释说明的作用. “我几分钟前在公司见过他”，因此“不可能在上海”，故答案为B.5. A. 强调句的基本结构由“It is / was +被强调部分+ that / who + 句子其余部分”组成，如果被强调的是人用that 或who；其他用that. 句意为：到了家我才发现我的钱包不见了.6. D. the number of 修饰可数名词复数作主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式；There be 必须与后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致. tickets 为复数名词，因此用were. 故答案为D.7. A. how come 意为“怎么”；how dare 意为“怎敢”；how about 意为“怎麽样”；how long 意为“多久”. 根据语境“怎么穿着鞋进了实验室？进来之前你该脱掉. 我早告诉过你”可知答案为A.8. D. 此题考查whenever 引导的时间状语从句. 句意为“每当我从衣袋里拿出一包糖果的时候，他们毫不掩饰他们觉得好笑”.9. B. in a word 意为“总之”；in general 意为“一般地；大体上；通常”；in particular 意为“特别”；in total 意为“整个地；总共”. 根据句意“总的说来，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了”答案为B.10. C. 作结果状语时，不定式常表示没有预料到的情况或结果，即预料之外；而分词常表示一种自然而然的结果，即预料之中. 根据语境“发现门开着，有东西丢了”是他没想到的，因此可知应用不定式. 又因句子的主语he 与动词find是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用主动语态，因此答案为C().11. A. devote…to 为习惯用语，意为“把……献给；把……专用于”. 句意为“我们应当勤奋地而且忠诚地献身于我们的职责. ”12. A. break out 和last 都是不及物动词，都不能用于被动语态，因此答案为A. 句意为“抗日战争1937 年爆发，持续了八年. ”13. D. while 作并列连词，表示对比或相反的情况，意为“而、却”. 句意为“当飞机抵达时,一部分侦探等在主楼里面，而另一部分则等在停机坪上. ”14. B. as 和which 引导非限定性定语从句，都可以指整个句子，有时可以通用. 但as 引导的非限定性定语从句可以放在句首，也可以放在句中. which 只能放在句中. 句意为“周所周知，台湾是中国的一部分. ”15. A. 上句提出建议“我们周日去动物园好吗？”根据答语中的后句“我喜欢看各种动物”可知是表示赞成对方的建议，故答案为A. 意为“我非常赞成. ”1. “May I borrow your paper?” “ ________.”A. By all meansB. Never mindC. You are welcomeD. Don’t mention it2. This bird is really lovely, and I’ve never seen ________ one.A. a finerB. a finestC. the finerD. the finest3. Since there’s no more wo rk to do, we might just ________ go home.A. so wellB. as wellC. so goodD. as good4. He made ________ known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics.A. thatB. itC. himselfD. him5. That car nearly hit me; I ________.A. might be killedB. might have been killedC. may be killedD. may been killed6. “Have you ever eaten snails?” “No, and I hope I ________.”A. will neverB. never willC. have neverD. never have7. She wrote a famous book, and so ________ a place in history.A. winningB. to winC. to have wonD. won8. I’ll have to change my clothes before I go out —I don’t want ________ like this.A. to seeB. seeingC. to be seenD. being seen9. We make sure we’re always we ll stocked up with candles, just ________.A. in caseB. for certainC. in practiceD. for use10. It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they ________ so much.A. sinkB. swimC. jumpD. struggle11. It has been raining for a day, but even thoug h it hadn’t rained, w e ________ there by tomorrow.A. can’t getB. wo n’t getC. hadn’t gotD. wouldn’t get12. The little time we have together we try ________ wisely.A. spending itB. to spend itC. to spendD. spending that13. You should put on the notices ________ all the people may see them.A. whereB. in whichC. atD. for them14. She took her son, ran out of the house, ________ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office.A. putB. to putC. puttingD. having put15. The old house, in front of ________ there is an apple tree, is ________ I used to live.A. that, the placeB. it, the placeC. which, whereD. what, where1. A. by all means 表示同意，意为“完全可以”.2. A. I’ve never seen a finer one 的实际意思是This is the finest one I’ve ever seen.3. B. might just as well (后接动词原形)的意思是“不如……”或“还是……的好”.4. B. it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that he didn’t want to enter politics.5. B. 表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might+动词完成式. 若只是推测过去可能的事，则可用may [might] + 动词完成式，如He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了.6. B. 根据句意，填空处应用将来时态(实为将来时态的省略式)；另外注意，频度副词本来通常置于助动词之后，但是若省略主要动词，即当频度副词和助动词置于句末时，应将频度副词置于助动词之前.7. D. and so won a place…可视为and so he won a place…之省略.8. C. want 表示“想要”时，其后通常接不定式，又由于主语与see 之间含有被动关系，故用被动式.9. A. in case 在此表示“以防万一”.10. D. 由句意和常识推知.11. A. we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气.12. C. 该句的正常词序为We try to spend the little time we have together wisely.13. A. where 指“在……的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句.14. A. 句中四个动词为并列谓语，应时态一致().15. C. 第一空应填which，in front of which there is an apple tree 为修饰the old house 的非限制性定语从句；第二空填where，用以引导表语从句.典型定语从句易错题详解■The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.A. which wasB. it wasC. which wereD. them were【易错】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语.【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was. 请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.A. which isB. it isC. which areD. them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them are(3) Ne xt month we’ll mo ve to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them are■A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【易错】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语.【分析】最佳答案为C. 以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤. 此题选C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？■ _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What【易错】容易误选A，认为此处应填一个形式主语.【分析】最佳答案是B. as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句. 比较下面一题：_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What此题答案选A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that 从句.再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选B，第(2)题选D：(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It(2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It■ David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.A. thatB. whoC. asD. whom【易错】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式. 况且，这样理解意思也还通顺.【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such … that …，句末的动词like 缺宾语. 选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”. 有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that. 比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him：David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.A. thatB. whoC. asD. whom请再做以下试题（答案选D）：It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.A. likeB. thatC. whichD. as■ The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. thatB. itC. themD. which【易错】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses.【分析】最佳答案是D. most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses. 类似地，以下各题也选D：(1) His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A. thatB. itC. themD. which(2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.A. thatB. itC. themD. which(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.A. thatB. itC. themD. which类似地，以下各题选whom，不选them：(4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A. thatB. himC. themD. whom(5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A. thatB. whoC. themD. whom(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.A. thatB. whoC. themD. whom■ He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who【易错】容易误选B，用them 代指students.【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句. 假若在many of… 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B. 比较以下各题(答案均选A)：(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.A. themB. whichC. whatD. that(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A. themB. whomC. whichD. who■ He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who【易错】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句.【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词. 当然，假若在invited 前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A. 比较：(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的carried out 为过去分词.(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were.(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句.■ On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that【易错】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句.【分析】最佳答案是A. 与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat 作动词用时，是及物动词. 比较以下相似题：(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that选B. whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语were seated.(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that选A. 因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句.(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that选A. their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构.(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that选B. whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat.(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that选B. whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语were sitting.■ If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that【易错】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句.【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语. 类似地，下面几道题也选that，而不选which：(1) If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.A. asB. whichC. and itD. that(2) If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that(3) Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.A. thatB. whichC. and itD. so(4) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that■She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【易错】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词where.【分析】正确答案为A. 在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分. 一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词. 上面一题中的动词spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that. 比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词bought 的宾语.(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语.(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语.英语时态考题专练（有详解）1. We ________ to move but are still considering where to go to.A. are decidingB. decidedC. have decidedD. had decided2. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who ________ it?A. tookB. has takenC. will takeD. had taken3.They won’t buy any new clothes because they ________ money to buy a new car.A. saveB. were savingC. have savedD. are saving4. I ________ your last point — could you say it again?A.didn’t quite catchB.don’t quite catchC.hadn’t quite catchD.can’t quite catch5.—Are you a teacher?—I ________, but now I am working in a company.A. isB. amC. wasD. had6. I feel sure I ________ her somewhere before.A. was to meetB. have metC. had metD. would meet7.—Does Liu Hui serve in the army?—No, but he ________ in the army for three years.A. servedB. has servedC. is servingD. would serve8.—Tom came back home yesterday.—Really? Where ________ at all?A. had he beenB. has he beenC. had he goneD. has he gone9. Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Smith ________, so we only had time for a few words.A. has just leftB. had just leftC. just leftD. was just leaving10.—I’m sorry; I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.—You ________ your temper but that’s OK.A. have lostB. had lostC. did loseD. were losing11.—You must have met him the other day.—Oh, no, I ________.A.hadn’tB.mustn’tC.haven’tD.didn’t12.—Will you go to the park now?—Not until I ________ my physics exercises.A. will finishB. have finishedC. will have finishedD. had finished13.—Did you enjoy the film?—Yes, it’s the best one I ________ these years.A. hadB. have hadC. had hadD. would have14.—Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?—Yes, he did. He ________ his old friends for a long time.A.didn’t seeB.wouldn’t seeC.hasn’t seenD.hadn’t seen15. When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where ________?A. did you goB. have you goneC. were youD. had you been16. She ought to stop working; she has a headache because she ________ too long.A. has been readingB. had readC. is readingD. read17.—Why do you look worried?—Fred left the company half an hour ago. His work ________ unfinished since.A. leftB. was leftC. has leftD. has been left18.—You could have asked Mr. Johnson for help. He is kind-hearted.—I ________ that. A whole day ________.A. forget; wastesB. forgot; was wastedC. forgot; had wastedD. forget; was wasted19.You’d better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he ________ an important meeting then.A. will haveB. would haveC. will be havingD. will have had20.—I’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet. Shall I have him call you when he comes back?—No, I’ll call him back. If I call again in half an hour, do you think she ________ ?A. had arrivedB. has arrivedC. will arriveD. will have arrived21.—What’s wr ong with your coat?—Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ________on it.A. satB. had satC. had been sittingD. was sitting22.—Why weren’t you at the meeting?—I ________ for a long-distance call from my aunt in America.A. waitedB. was waitingC. had been waitingD. had waited23.—Will you attend the meeting this evening?—But I ________ told anything about it.A.wasn’tB. am notC.haven’t beenD.won’t be24.— What did you think of Act I of the play last night?—I’m sorry. The play ________ when I got there.A. had been startedB. had been on for half an hourC. was to startD. had begun for half an hour25.—Why did you come by bus?—My car broke down yesterday evening and I ________ it repaired.A.didn’t haveB.don’t haveC.won’t haveD.haven’t had1. C. 用现在完成时表示影响，即指现在已经作出决定.2. B. 用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果.3. D. 用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作.4. A. 从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去（即说此话之前）.5. C. 这时用一般过去时表示过去曾经是老师，但现在不是了.6. B. before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用.7. A. 由no是对前句的否定可知现在不在部队服役，是以前“服过役”，故用一般过去时.8. A. have been to…去过某地(已回来)，have gone to…到某地去了(没回来)；又因为问的是Tom回来之前到去过某地，故用过去完成时态.9. D. 从“我们只谈了几句话”可知，当我们去拜访时，Professor Smith“正要”离开了，D是过去进行时表示过去将来意义.10. C. 上句“我本不该对你那么无礼”是对过去情况的自责，答语“你当时的确很生气”，用一般过去时，did 在lose 前表示强调.11. D. 问句是对过去情况的猜测，所以答句用一般过去时. I didn’t是I didn’t meet him the other day 的省略.12. B. 因为在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时. 若强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，本题属后一种情况.13. B. 因为these years 是包括现在在内的，故用现在完成时.14. D. 由于见朋友发生在过去(即昨天)，而很久没有见到朋友自然是昨天的见面之前，即属于过去的过去，故用过去完成时.15. C. 句子的前半句说上午打电话时没有人接电话，而后半句问对方当时在什么地方. 显然，句子前后两部分的时间应一致，即用一般过去时.16. A. 从第一句话She ought to stop working 可知“他仍然在学习”，故后面用现在完成进行时态.17. D. 受前一句left的影响，易误选B. 题干中的since说明此处应用现在完成时态. 从问句中也可看出来，此处强调动作对现在的影响，故要用现在完成时的被动式.18. B. 说话之前“忘了”，故用一般过去时态；第二空应用一般过去时的被动语态形式.19. C. 指将来某时或某段时间正发生的事用将来进行时.20. D. 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作，而将来完成时表示将来某个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作. 根据语境可知是强调将来的结果，应用将来完成时.21. C. 意思是：刚才我想下公共汽车时，(我才发现)靠近我坐的那个人一直坐在我的外衣上. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时间仍在进行的动作或状态用过去完成进行时.。

优选文档一、非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的几种特别形式，它不能够单独做谓语。

非谓语动词的形式有：动词不定式（to do ）、动名词（ doing）、现代分词（ doing）、过去分词（ done）。

（一）动词不定式1、结构：必然形式to do 否定形式not to do 比方： to read the text slowly2、主要语法功能：（ 1）做主语To know what to do is wisdom. To know how to do is skillIt is difficult to know oneself(2)做表语The first and best victory is to conquer self.(3)做宾语We hope to talk with the native speakers.有些及物动词常用不定式做宾语：afford/agree /arrange/begin/care/choose/claim/continue/decide/desire/determine/fail/forget/hate/hesitate/hope/intend/learn/like/long/manage/mean/offer/plan/prepare/pretend/promise/refuse/resolve/start/threaten/try/want(4)做定语： she was the only one to look after the children(5)做状语： we shall be very happy to cooperate with you in the project.(6)做宾语补足语： Please remind me to take my medicine tomorrow.有些及物动词的复合宾语中的宾语补足语中不定式不带to : 使役动词have let make please ; 感官动词 feel hear listen to look at notice observe see watch（7）做主语补足语： someone was heard to come up the stairs.3、不定式的时态（1）一般式：表示与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或是在以后发生。

专升本英语语法重点汇总1.主谓一致- 单数主语与单数谓语动词搭配，如"The cat is sleeping."- 复数主语与复数谓语动词搭配，如"The cats are sleeping."- 不定代词"everyone, everybody, someone, somebody"的主语与谓语动词搭配时，使用第三人称单数形式，如"Everybody loves ice cream."2.时态- 现在进行时：表示目前正在发生的动作或临时的动作，一般由“be + 现在分词”构成，如"She is reading a book."- 现在完成时：表示过去发生的一种持续的动作或状态，与现在的影响或结果有关，一般由“have/has + 过去分词”构成，如"They have finished their homework."- 过去进行时：表示过去其中一具体时间正在进行的动作，一般由“was/were + 现在分词”构成，如"We were playing basketball yesterday."- 过去完成时：表示在过去其中一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，一般由“had + 过去分词”构成，如"She had already eaten when I arrived."3.强调句- 强调句是为了将强调句子中的一些成分突出表达，一般由“Itis/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 原句其余部分”构成，如"It was John who told me the good news."- 当强调句的被强调部分是动词时，需使用“do/does/did”来构成强调句，如"It was he who did all the work."4.虚拟语气- 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，使用"would, could, might"等情态动词与原型动词搭配，如"If I were you, I would go to the party."- 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，使用"had + 过去分词"构成，如"IfI had known, I would have helped him."5.定语从句- 定语从句用来修饰先行词，修饰的内容可以是人、事物或整个句子，一般由关系代词"who, whom, whose, which, that"或关系副词"where, when, why"引导，如"The book that I bought is very interesting."6.名词性从句- 主语从句：作为句子的主语，一般由"that, whether, who, whom, which"引导- 宾语从句：作为句子的宾语，一般由"that, whether, if, what, who, whom, which"引导，如"I don't know what to do."- 表语从句：位于系动词之后，与主语构成等价关系，一般由"that, whether, who, whom, which"引导，如"The important thing is that you try your best."7.比较级和最高级- 比较级用来比较两个人或物之间的差异，一般在形容词或副词前加"more"或"less"构成，如"She is taller than her sister."- 最高级用来表示三个或三个以上人或物之间的差异，一般在形容词或副词前加"the most"或"the least"构成，如"He is the tallest boy in the class."以上是专升本英语语法的重点汇总，希望对你的学习有所帮助。

一时态和语态：16种表现形式一、一般现在时（do/does;am/is/are)考点如下：1.时间状语：2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。

必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。

考法：If you pass the spoken English test,you will get a chance to go abroad.解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。

注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是will do/shall do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为am/is/are;这里will do出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是would do/shouldl do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为was/were;这里would/should do出现的考点频率最高）2.He_______as soon as he finishes his homework.A.goes to bedB.will goes to bedC.went to bedD.will go to bed主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空：1.If he_______(study)harder,he will catch up with us soon.2.Frank_______(see)a film if he’s free next Saturday.3.We won’t go to the park if it________(rain)tomorrow.注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)：1.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______a.will arriveb.arrivesc.is arrivingd.is going to arrive2.---can I join your club,Dad?---you can when you_____a bit older.a.getb.will getc.are gettingd.will have get3.remember to send me a photo of your son next time you_____to me.a.writeb.will writec.are writingd.would write4.If Mr.Smith________back,please let me know.A.will comeesC.cameD.had come必考点2：4.the more...,the more...句型完整句型：The+形容词/副词的比较级+（名词）+主语+谓语，the+形容词/副词的比较级+（名词）+主语+谓语.Eg:The more books he reads,the happier he is.12年真题：18题____she said,_____she got.A.The more the more excitedB.More excitedC.Much the more excitedD.The much excited翻译练习题：1.他越忙就越高兴。

语法七大语法考试重点一独立主格（一）：独立主格结构的构成：名词( 代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词( 代词)+形容词；名词( 代词)+副词；名词( 代词)+不定式；名词( 代词) + 介词短语构成。

（二）独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.This done, we went home.The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.He came into the room, his ears red with cold.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.二过去完成时1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had + 过去分词构成。

2）用法a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

专升本英语名词语法专升本英语名词语法主要包括名词的单复数形式、所有格和冠词用法等方面。

1. 名词的单复数形式：- 大部分名词在单数形式时前面没有加任何词尾，如book （书），child（孩子）。

- 大部分名词在复数形式时，在词尾加-s，如books（书），children（孩子们）。

- 以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o结尾的名词，在复数形式时，在词尾加-es，如boxes（盒子），watches（手表），branches（分支），bushes（灌木），potatoes（土豆）。

- 以f或f结尾的名词，在复数形式时，一般将f或fe变为v，再加-es，如lives（生活，复数形式）、knives（刀子，复数形式）。

2. 名词的所有格形式：- 一般情况下，名词的所有格形式加-apostrophe 和 -s，如Tom's book（汤姆的书），the children's toys（孩子们的玩具）。

- 对于以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，在所有格形式时，只需加-apostrophe，不加-s，如the students' books（学生们的书）。

- 对于以-s结尾的复数名词或复数形式的人名，如果在所有格后面还有一个后缀的话，只需加-apostrophe即可，如the boys' school（男孩们的学校），the Joneses' car（琼斯一家的车子）。

3. 冠词用法：- 不定冠词"a"和"an"用在单数可数名词前，表示某一个不特指的人或物。

- 定冠词"the"用在可数名词和不可数名词前，表示特指的人或物。

- 不用冠词的情况包括泛指的名词（代表整个类别，如Dogs are animals. 狗是动物）、专有名词（如John, London）、抽象名词（如honesty, love）、一些固定短语（如in bed, at home）等。

专升本英语语法重点汇总一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等）1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958.2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun.3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis.4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping.二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记）1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别）2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question.3、The problem being discussed is very important.4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it.5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。

）1、It is difficult to study English well.2、We think it is important to pass the exam.四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who）1、It was at an evening party that I first saw he r.2、It is what you will do that is important.3、When was it that he bought a new car五、倒装句型全部倒装句（这种全部倒装题历年只考过一次，考得最多的都是下面的部分倒装）1、Stop talking！There comes the teacher.部分倒装句（如果选项里面有两个主谓倒装了，两个没有，我们一般要在倒装里做选择）1、So badly was he hurt in the accident that he had to be sent to hospital.2、Not only does he study well，but also he is always ready to help others.3、Mary has done well in the English exam. So she has. She always does well in the exam.六、从句中选择关系词题（重点在定语从句，多看笔记，becausesincenow thatasfor；so…that…such…that…）1、It was in so friendly a way that he talked with us.2、Oct.15，2005 is a day when we will take our English examination.3、We want to buy the same book as you are reading.4、The sun heats the earth，which is very important to living things.七、虚拟语气（我们要记住与现在，过去，将来相反的三种情况，特别是与过去相反的情况最常考，再有就是wishas if 后面所接的三种情况，还有一个常考点在suggest，demand，require，order等表示建议，要求，命令的词后面加从句时，从句里谓语要用（should）+动词原形，如果是被动则用（should +be +动词过去分词）1、I would have done it better if I had had mo re time.2、I wish you would go with us tomorrow.3、I suggest that we （should ）adopt a different policy.4、Had it not been for your help，we would never have been able to get over the difficulties.八、情态动词题（除了掌握常见情态动词基本用法外，常考点在三种表推测的情况，分别为must表对现在事情的肯定推测，can't表对现在事实的否定推测，must have +v-ed表示对过去事实的肯定推测，而则表示过去应该做某事而没有做）1、The ground is so wet，it must have rained last night.2、She must be a doctor，I think.3、I should have called you last week，but I was too busy then.九、几组形容词及副词区别题（注意比较级、最高级、倍数表达；likelypossibleprobable；worthworthy；too muchmuch too；alreadyyet等）1、His books are three time as many as my books.2、The Nile river is the longest river in the world.3、It is much too hot tonight.4、The harder he worked，the happier he felt.十、主谓一致题（往往出题者都是考谓语动词选单数这种情况，如each，every，everyone 这样的词作主语以及Mary，like many other girls likes listening to music这样的题）1、The moral of the officers and crew was very high.2、Each boy and each girl in the city is asked to go to school.3、Neither the quality nor the prices have changed.（近位原则）十一、动词及动词词组区别题（常考raiserisearisearose；spendcosttakepayafford；woundinjurehurtdamage；findfindoutdiscoverinvent；hitstrikeringbeat；tellsayspeaktalk；joinjoin intake part in等以及我所讲过的动词短语）1、Can you tell the difference between these two words2、He joined the army three years ago.十二、主句用将来时，从句则用一般现在时（或现在完成时）表将来题1、They will leave the classroom when they have finished writing.2、We will start to work as soon as our teacher comes.十三、名词所有格以及名词后面有限定时则该名词前一定要加定冠词the题（名词的格有以下两种情况，Tom'book，以及the books of our school，特别是用of表示的所有格我们一定要习惯这种表达）1、Beijing is the capital of China.2、He can't have the expience of all of the world.十四、常用介词区别题（如on，in，except besides，within，without，through等）1、You should write in ink not with your pencil.2、He pulled her into the train by the arm.3、by bustrainair…On foot，on the farm，in the morningafternoonevening，at nightnoon十五、常考代词题（常考的有otherothers，anotherthe other；sometimessome timesometime；thatwhich；thatwhat，eitherneitheror；tooalsoeither；manymucha great deal ofa great number ofa great amount of；a fewfewlittlea little；as long asas far as；so long asso far as ）1、That you don't like him is none of my business.2、The weather in the north is much colder than tha t in the south in January.3、He must be a worker. I think so.普高专升本与成考专升本的区别近日，招收普通高校专升本学生的院校已陆续进入报名阶段。

专升本语法知识汇总专升本英语语法一：主谓一致一、单数名词作主语时的主谓一致1、集合名词与谓语动词的一致(1）集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示成员则用复数。

常见的这部分名词有：army,audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family,group,government，organization，party，personnel,public,staff,team，union，crew等。

注意：若以上集合名词表示组成该集合体的分散个体时，与其对应的人称代词也应该使用they，them或their。

（2）有些集合名词，如cattle,folk，people,police,poultry（家禽）等作主语,总是跟复数动词形式。

（3）有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词,如machinery（机械），clothing （衣服），luggage（行李），furniture（家具),equipment(设备)，jewelry（珠宝）等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

2、单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。

常见的这部分名v词有aircraft,crossroads,deer,fish,headquarters, means，series,sheep,species,works等。

注意:fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”.3、表示成双成套的名词，如trousers，shoes,glasses，compasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

二、复数名词作主语时的主谓一致1、以“s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式.2、表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“s”结尾的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。

3、以“ies"结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。

专升本考试英语语法总结充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）4．表语：说明主语的身份和情况。

(跟在系动词后)Time is money.Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。

构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词11）名词从句5．补语：补充说明。

（由动词类别来决定）构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词小品词10）名词从句主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语I am sure to succeed.6. 定语：对名词性形式进行范围限定。

This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。

构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句7. 同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。

Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名词从句8. 状语：修饰词，短语，从句和整句。

位置：自由自在。

1）修饰性状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词等（时间，地点，肯定，否定，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等）。

Can you feel the love tonight?Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。

第一部分语法知成考专升本英语-考点汇编识第一章名词一、可数名词的复数形式（一）、规则的变复数方法1、一般情况，直接+steacher---teachers ；student---students ；father---fathers ；mother---mothers2、s,x,ch,sh 结尾的单词+esdress---dresses ；box---boxes ；match---matches ；dish---dishes3、以辅音字母+y 结尾的单词:变y 为i,+escity---cities;baby---babies boy---boys*辅音字母判断方法：26个字母中，5个元音：A 、E 、I 、O 、U ，21个辅音：26-5=21个4、以“o”结尾的单词，（1）以"辅音字母＋o"结尾的单数名词后+eshero---heroes;mango---mangoes;potato---potatoes;tomato---tomatoes（2）以"元音字母＋o"结尾的单数名词后加+szoo---zoos bamboo----bamboos（3）某些外来词，只在词尾+sphoto----photos;piano----pianos5、以f 、f e 结尾的单词，（1）大多数变f 、f e 为“v”+es妻子：wife---wives小刀：knife---knives 狼：wolf---wolves小偷：thief---thieves架子：shelf---shelves自己：self---selves生命：life---lives一半：half---halves叶子：leaf---leaves（2）少部分直接+sroof---roofs屋顶；belief---beliefs信仰；proof---proofs证明；校样*记忆口诀：妻子拿刀去砍狼、小偷吓得发了慌、躲在架后保己命、半片树叶遮目光。

动词主要时态一般现在时 (am， is, are， do, does）1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often， always， usually, sometimes， everyday 等时间状语连用;2、表示主语的特征、性格、能力等;3、表示客观事实或普遍真理；4、表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作；The plane takes off at 10 am。

5、在时间或条件状语中，表示将来的动作；When you see her just tell her that I am all right。

6、在某些文学作品的情节描写中，代替过去时，表示或用于引述书刊材料;The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money。

一般过去时 （was, were， did）用于表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，last week,three years ago， in 1987， at the time , in July。

一般将来时主要用于表示将来发生的动作或情况在时间或条件状语中 ,一般不用将来时，而是用现在时代替将来时 。

I’ll let you know the result when I finish everything。

1、shall， will + 动词原型构成一般将来时；2、am (is ， are) going to + 动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情；3、am （is , are） about to + 动词原型，表示即将发生的动作;4、am （is , are） to + 动词原型，表示必须或计划要进行的动作 You are to be here by 4 pm for collecting the shipment you ordered.过去将来时用于表示过去某一时间内,将要发生的动作或存在的状态was （were) going to +动词原型was (were） about to +动词原型was (were) to + 动词原型 表示过去某时间内计划、打算或一定要进行的动作现在进行时go, come ， stay , leave ， start 的现在进行时形式可以表示将来即将发生的动作He is coming to see you tomorrow。