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应用文的写作1、书信letter2、告示notice1、评分重点1、信息点的覆盖（仔细读题干,找letter还是notice）2、格式（1-2分）3、语言正确、书写工整（1）称呼：如果题干有具体要求，必须按题干要求写，如果没有，可以用的通用称呼包括：Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear Sir or Madam, Dear friends（2）分段：每段空两格（3）署名：按题干要求Yours sincerely,LiMing开门见山说意图，期待回信表敬意1、投诉信：开头和结尾的固定表达：P7I’m writing to complain about ,that, to express my concernI trust you will take my complain seriously and I will appreciate it very much if you could .I’m looking forward to your reply at your early convenience.2、建议信（去信、回信）3、道歉信4、辞职信5、求职信6、推荐信I’m writing to you to recommend ..聪明：Intelligent ，Ingenious，Talent，Gifted ，Have insightful opinions勤奋：Diligent，Industrious，Hardworking性格：Humorous ，Amiable Sociable，Enthusiastic ，Ready for help ，cooperative, Team spirit ，leadershipPlease don’t hesitate to contact me7、感谢信（我取得了成就）P288、祝贺信（别人取得成就）P309、邀请信P3310、咨询信（与告示类似）P3511、Memo（备忘录）P40To sb. From sb. Day: Subject救命语句：By the way, as the New Year is quickly approaching ,i wish you a happy New Year1段或两段，100字左右大作文（一）奖励分（正确、正规、可读）1、书写工整2、标点正确3、内容（有话可说，避免跑题）背诵句：1、Simple as the picture is ,the symbolic meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.2、Just as an old Chinese proverb says...3、Aspire to inspire until I expire!生命不息，奋斗不止4、With current state of affairs being so sorry ,it is high time that we took effective measures to put the situation on hold.5、It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to curb and hardness this urgent problem.6、In no country other than China, is has been said that ,is the phenomenon of cultural integration more obvious.在中国，文化交流现象是最明显的。
2018年可锐考研英语阅读经典文章内容讲解（三）一．Eli Broad埃利·布罗德Few businessmen have achieved as much as Eli Broad. Not only did he develop two Fortune500 businesses from scratch , he has also been a serial entrepreneur inthe arts. Mr Broad backed Jeff Koons and Cindy Sherman, and founded the Museum ofContemporary Art in Los Angeles . This son of the Bronx now calls the City of Angelshome and has set out to give it a new heart by driving the development of a downtown areawith a strong emphasis on culture. He has also been a significant and controversialphilanthropist, funding scientific research and failing schools.埃利·布罗德的成就在商人中几乎无人可敌。
不仅在于他从零开始创办了两家世界500强的企业，而且他还多次投资艺术类项目。
布罗德先生是杰夫·昆斯和辛迪·舍曼的资助人，还建立了洛杉矶当代艺术博物馆。
出生在布朗克斯的他如今已视洛杉矶为家，并着手开发这座城市的一片闹市区，着重发展文化主题，打造一个新的城市中心。
他曾一度是位举足轻重又饱受争议的慈善家，成功建立科研机构但筹建学校却差强人意。
Mr Broad s straight-to-the-point narrative—165 pages of text with a 12-page appendix ofhis “career highlights”and just the minimum colour necessary to illustrate the importantlessons that life has taught him—is part of what he is trying to convey about himself. Where,say, Jack Welch spews out hundreds of pages in “Jack: Straight From the Gut”andRichard Branson spares no detail as he explains how he has spent his life trying to “ScrewBusiness As Usual”, Mr Broad has delivered a book that is as brief as he likes to keepeverything else in life .布罗德先生的文章开门见山，直击主题。
何凯文考研英语写作基础课程知识点整理主讲：何凯文整理：心理守夜人一、作文构成：（一）应用文10分，分为书信和告示两大类，考生平均分6分，我们的目标是8分。
（二）议论文20分，分为图画作文（一般是英语1）和图表作文（一般是英语2），考生平均分8分，我们的目标是14+分。
议论文的分值包括奖励分（3分）基准分（17分）。
奖励分要求：正确、正规、可读；基准分要求：内容、形式、语言（最重要）。
二、奖励分书写要求（一）书写工整（很重要）（二）标点规范1.句号为一点2.逗号不能连接两个句子3.不能写书名号，可用the book of+书名（首字母大写）代替4.引号””5.括号( )6.破折号—7.如&等标记不建议使用（三）修改正确1.如需修改可使用/划掉错误的词，在正上方写上正确的词即可。
2.如需添加，可用两单词空格下方加”^”，并在上方加相加的词即可。
三、基准分（一）内容1.有话说：万能角度（见2017写作高分攻略P55），万能例子。
2.别跑题：内容趋同，先字后图（二）形式：分三段（三）语言1.句式：正确、复杂、多变2.用词：正确、多样3.如何做到句式正确？(1).句子主干正确(2).五大基本句型：动词的用法(3).写作时态：现在时为主，偶尔用将来时，不主张过去时。
4.如何做到句式复杂(1).加adj或adv：n+adj；v+adv(2).加同位语：n或者句子(3).加介词短语做状语：时间状语，地点状语(4).加定语从句(5).将两个句子写成一个句子Note：万能状语(1).The spirit of creation is indispensably(=very) important in the times of knowledge explosion,when the news,facts,opinions and even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the world.(2).The environmental preservation really matters,especially in China,a nation with the huge population undergoing the remarkable rapid economic growth.5.如何做到句式多变(1).虚拟语气=观点的表达方式而不是事实句式一：It is high time that+主语+动词过去式+其他It is high time that we took effective initiatives to put the situation on hold. 句式二：It is imperative that +主语+(should)+动词+其他.意为必须做...It is imperative that our media undertake more research before they set pen to paper.It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.句式三：虚拟条件句If there were no sth,sb would not do sth.If there were no reform and opening-up policy,we would not taste KFC orMcDonald’s.（如果能完整无误地拼写专有词汇比如人名、书名、商标名等，会给阅卷老师留下好印象。
考研经验分享众所周知，考研是场持久战。
我从大三下学期开学3月份开始真正进入准备考研的学习状态到前不久3月底被正式录取，历时整整一年。
这一年中绝大部分时间是在枯燥的学习和无尽的自我怀疑中度过的，这是最考验毅力的一年，也是最容易成功的一年，前提是有科学合理的学习方法和坚定的信念。
1阶段：3月初至6月底这是打基础的四个月，切不可白白浪费。
数学一定将基础打牢，好的基础是成功的一半。
我使用的是文都汤家凤老师的高数、线代以及余炳森老师的概率绿皮讲义辅导书，在此复习过程中结合汤老师等的基础课视频，效果很好，视频课我看了两遍，有时间建议大家也多看看，加深记忆，我使用的也是汤老师的1800题，将基础篇同期完成，当然课本是一切题型的根源，要保证课本在你随手够得到的地方，勤翻多翻；英语在这段时间也不能落下，英语最重要的是阅读，而阅读最重要的是长难句，我是先将何凯文老师的《长难句解密》结合视频课研学了一遍，之后着手真题，这段时间只做阅读partA，刚开始很慢很难看懂，有时候半天时间只能学明白一篇或者两篇阅读，但是一定要坚持，在这将近四个月的时间里，我将97-18年的所有真题阅读精学了一遍，包括其中的重点词汇、词组和句型语法等，可以将重点的词汇等记录下来，方便后期复习使用；政治可以不用着急;还有要多了解各大院校的历年考研情况，比如招生人数的变化情况、复试录取比例以及专业课试题难度等，为暑期最终选择目标院校做准备。
2阶段：7月初至8月底：这段时间是暑期放假休息时间，也是考研的黄金期，抓住这两个月时间高效学习，会有事半功倍的效果。
数学此时进入强化阶段，重要知识点开始重点学习，至关重要。
我是跟着汤家凤老师度过的，看汤老师的强化视频课，做1800题的强化篇。
推荐关注汤老师的微信公众号，老师会发一些偏的重点的知识可以查漏补缺，确保全面复习；英语这个阶段我主要是研究新题型和完型填空，不求多，将历年真题中的题目搞明白就完全足够，推荐徐可风老师的新题型讲解书和视频课。
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==何凯文资料篇一：何凯文老师空间讲座讲义大全201X年12月大学英语四六级备考讲座主讲人：北京外国语大学何凯文一．Listening Comprehension：Part 1 .Short Conversation几种思维1．主题思维：上文提到一件事情（用一般疑问句进行提问），这就是对话主题。
下文会给出肯定或者是否定的回答。
掌握肯定和否定的表达方法。
2．否定思维：评价性否定；事实性否定；邀请性否定3．听到什么不选什么的思维：安全感的获得真题示例：Eg1.A) Taking photographs . B) Enhancing images.C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures.听力原文：W: Do you let people know when you're taking pictures of them?M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person who poses for the camerawould look dull and unnatural.Q: What are the speakers talking about?Eg2 .A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center.C) Cash a check at a bank.D) Find a parking meter.听力原文：M: Excuse me, do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay theparking meter.W: I'm sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in theshopping center across the street.Q: What is the man trying to do?Eg3 .A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child.C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl.听力原文：M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like?W: I'd suggest this toy train, sir. It's an excellent brand, very popular all overthe world these days.Q: What is the man doing?Eg4. A) Looking for a timetable B) Buying the furnitureC) Reserving a table D) Window shopping听力原文：M: Have a table for four?W: Certainly, sir. A corner table or would you rather be near the window? Q: What is the man doing?Eg5. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.B) He can provide little useful information.C) He will show the woman around Baltimore.D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.听力原文： W: I need to talk to someone who knows Baltimore well. I'm told you lived there.M: Oh, but I was really young at the time.Q: What does the man mean?Eg6. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious.C) He can’t face up to the situation.D) He knows his own limitations.听力原文： W: Aren't you disappointed that you didn't get the promotion?Eg7.听力原文：Eg8.听力原文：Eg9.Eg10.听力原文：Eg 11.听力原文：M: Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience before I'm ready for that kind of responsibility. Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation?A) She bought a new set of furniture fromItaly last month.B) She sold all her furniture before she moved house.C) She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement. D) Shestill keeps some old furniture in her new house.M: Did you reallygive away all your furniture when you moved into the new house last month? W: Just the useless pieces, as I’m planning to purchase a new set from Italy for the sitting room only. Q: What does the woman mean?A) He has got a heart attack.B) He was badly hurt. C) He was unharmed. D) He has fully recovered from the shock. W: Were you hurtin the accident? M: I was shocked at the time, but wasn't hurt at all. My bike was totally damaged though. Q: What do we know about the man?A) John Smith isn't in right now. B) John Smith can't come to thephone right now. C) John Smith doesn't want to speak to the caller.D) The caller dialed the wrong number. A) She wants to take the most direct way. B) She may be late for the football game. C) She is worried about missing her flight. D) She is currently caught in a traffic jam. W: Airport, please. I’m running a little late. So jus t take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct. M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game. Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation? A) He is an experienced sales manager. B) He is being interviewed for a job. C) He is not in a vacant position. D) He is good at answering tricky questions. W: now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most? M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant. Q: What do we learn about the man?Part 2. Long Conversation一、抓住首尾句【预览选项】[A] To go sightseeing.[B] To have meetings.[C] To promote a new champagne. [D] To join in a training program.【边听边选】M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. How’s your t rip to the states?W: Very busy, [19]I had a lot of meetings. …19. Why did the woman go to New York?二、留意对话中的一问一答【预览选项】[A] Data collection.[B] Training consultancy.[C] Corporate management. [D] Information processing.【边听边选】W: What’s your line of busi ness, Mr. Johnson?M: We are a training consultancy.。
何凯文写作强化班整理笔记1、Just as an old Chinese proverb says.正如一句古老的中国谚语所说。
2、Sample as the picture is, the symbolic meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很简单，寓意却非常深刻。
3、Aspire to inspire until I expire.生命不息，奋斗不止。
aspire/əˈspaɪə/ v(aspiring,aspired,aspires)有志(于)inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/ v(inspiring,inspired,inspires)鼓舞; 激励expire /ɪkˈspaɪə/ v(expiring,expired,expires)到期; 失效4、With current state of affairs being so sorry, it is high time that we took effective measures to tackle this problem.问题如此严重，是马上采取有效措施解决这个问题的时候了。
tackle /ˈtækəl/ (tackling,tackled,tackles)处理5、It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.我们必须制定并执行一些法律和政策来解决这个问题。
correspond /ˌkɒrɪˈspɒnd/v (corresponding,corresponded,corresponds)相一致; 相对应imperative /ɪmˈpɛrətɪv/ adj至关重要的curb and harness 解决6、In no country other than China , it has been said , is the problem of environment more serious.在中国，环境问题是最重要的。
考研英语-何凯文写作笔记1. Just as an old Chinese proverb says ：Aspire to inspire untilI expire! 正如中国一句古老的谚语：生命不息，奋斗不止！2. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很简单，但寓意很深刻苦。
3. The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective measures to tackle this problem. 问题如此严重了，是时候采取有效的措施去解决这个问题了。
4. It is imperative that laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.我们必须制定（work out）并执行一些法律法规（laws and regulations）来解决这些问题。
5. In no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of environment more serious. 在中国环境问题是最严重的。
6. There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. 报纸上有一张图画引起了人们广泛的关注。
7. The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owning to the reform and opening-up policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the following one being the foremost.在过去的十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，我国经济有了巨大的发展，同时也带来了很多问题，其中最重要的是…成功的品质、环保类、爱心和社会道德、文化交流、科技与传播、偶像崇拜、健康话题、学校话题作文三段要求：第一段：描述图画（describe）①万能开头句：There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. 报纸上有一张图画引起了人们广泛的关注。
A句：文中答案来源句；B句：题干+正确选项看着A句背B句；出题人的说话风格；改写习惯；尺度的把握，题感的培养；第一组：A句：The most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlargedmarkets.B句：One of the driving forces behind M&A wave is the greater customer demands Maximize the incomeA)increase the incomeB)Increase the purchasing power of the incomeMerger and AcquisitionAcquiredIntuitiveCognitiveNatureNurtureMadeBorn先天和后天的差别男人和女人的不同B句：One of the driving forces behind M&A wave is the greater customer demands第二组：A句: The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.B句：To combine and become bigger is the typical trend of businesses today.第三组：A句：It is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the ., whenthe Standard Oil Trust was broken up.竞争都是好的；垄断是不好的；It is not hard to imagine +结论B句：The Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition.第四组：A句：A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career.High profileLow profile人：高调/低调物/事情：引人瞩目与否B句：The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.第五组：A句：I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.B句：The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting helps her mold a new philosophy of lifeReshape =remold= transform= remaking=mold a new = remodel第六组：A 句：It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.B 句：Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to remodel the way of thinking.第七组：A 句：The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.B 句：In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their interest.第八组：A 句：But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.B 句：Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will help students learn other computer languagesCoding language = computer languageEncode/ decode =processWasteful =unacceptable第九组：A 句：The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax=make the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.B 句：According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to become better prepared for the digitalized world第十组：A 句：The crash was a major reason the . Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.B 句：The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is its drastically decreased population第十一组：A 句: Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.B 句：It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they agree to pay a sum for compensation第十二组：A 句：Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.B 句：According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is the states.第十三组：A 句：“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.B 句：Jay Lininger would most likely support environmental groups第十四组：A 句: Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problemB 句：The usual time management techniques don’t work because what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed第十五组：A句：“we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) asthey pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.”B句：The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to make passing time fulfilling第十六组：A句：but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time’s flow”into “soul time.”B句：Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps achieve immersive reading第十七组：A句：“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work, too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which youtemporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down.B句：“Carry a book with you at all times” can work if reading becomes your primary business of the day第十八组：A句：Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties.B句：One cross-generation mark of a successful life is having a family with children.第十九组：A句：to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having childrenB句：. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to attach importance to pre-marital finance（此题四个选项排除法）第二十组：A句：those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.B句：The priorities and expectations defined by the young will reach almost all aspects of American life第二十一组：A句：Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.B句: Both young and old agree that getting established is harder for the youngNor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”A句：Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.有准备的大脑The greatness of the health care system1.伟大的医疗系统2.医疗系统的伟大抽象名词的形容词化！B句：Inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments.the preparedness of the minds = Inquiring mindsA句：Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or toknowingly=intentionally endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent onembryo research.Ember 火种extinguish the precious ember of ...B句：NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because the issue is explicitly =明确stated and settled in the lawImplicitly =暗示He has expressed his dissatisfaction, explicitly or implicitly , on the leadership of his boss.A句：NBAC members were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning.B句：Some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completelySome NBAC members prefer to ban human cloning completelyHesitate to do sth= don’t want to do sth = are not willing to do sthA句：The NAS’s report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.B句：According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is inadequate treatment of pain.Udner treatment =inadequate treatmentEnough = adequateA句：Medical licensing boards must make it clear that painful deaths should result in license suspension.B句：Doctors should be punished if they prolong the needless suffering of the patients.A 句：All would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.B 句：reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate. (错）正确：reasoning has not played a decisive role in the debate.1 2If reason were...Reason: 理性reasonableCause：原因；事业Misguided cause 误导人的事业All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.A句：Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions(区别）. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.Inform：传递信息；Well-informed ; ill-informed；excessively fine = very goodIf its =广告message were confined merely（仅限于）to information -- and that in itself would be difficult （if not impossible to achieve）, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive -- advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.It is difficult , if not impossibly(=very) impossible, to find the solution to this problem. We have to wait ten, if not hundred, years to see this ideal scene.Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.If its message were confined merely to information, advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.B句：The author deems =believe that the well-known TV personality is obviously partial in his views on advertisingImpartialA句：“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.B句：Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897.A 句：Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.B句：The words of queen show the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates .[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time。
何凯文考研英语阅读技巧Certainly! Here's an article on He Kaifeng's test-taking strategies for postgraduate English reading:Mastering the Art of Postgraduate English Reading with He Kaifeng's TechniquesPostgraduate English reading is a critical component of the entrance examination for prospective graduate students in China. He Kaifeng, a renowned English educator and author of the "He Kaifeng Postgraduate English Reading" series, has developed a set of strategies that have helped countless students excel in this area. Here are some of his key techniques:1. Understanding the Structure of Reading Comprehension Passages- He Kaifeng emphasizes the importance of recognizing the structure of a text, which often follows a logical order. By identifying the main idea, supporting details, and the conclusion, students can better comprehend the passage as a whole.2. Skimming and Scanning- Before diving into the details, He Kaifeng advises students to skim the passage to get a general idea of thecontent. Scanning, on the other hand, is used to locate specific information within the text quickly.3. Identifying Keywords and Phrases- Keywords are the building blocks of a passage. He Kaifeng suggests that students should be adept at identifying these, as they often signal the main points or the author's intent.4. Dealing with Vocabulary in Context- Encountering unfamiliar words is common in reading comprehension. He Kaifeng's approach is to use context clues to infer the meaning of these words, which can often be deduced from the surrounding text.5. Mastering Inference Questions- Many questions in postgraduate English reading require inference. He Kaifeng recommends students to look for clues in the text that suggest the author's opinion or the implications of the information presented.6. Practicing with真题 (Real Exam Questions)- He Kaifeng insists on the value of practicing with past exam papers, known as 真题 in Chinese. These real exam questions provide insight into the types of questions asked and the level of difficulty expected.7. Developing a Time Management Strategy- Time is a critical factor in exams. He Kaifeng advises students to allocate their time wisely, ensuring they have enough time to read through the passage and answer all questions.8. Reviewing and Learning from Mistakes- After completing practice exams, He Kaifeng encourages students to review their mistakes and understand why they were made. This self-assessment is crucial for improvement.9. Broadening Reading Materials- To enhance reading skills, He Kaifeng suggests that students read a wide range of materials, including newspapers, magazines, and academic journals, to familiarize themselves with different writing styles and subject matters.10. Maintaining a Regular Practice Schedule- Consistency is key to improvement. He Kaifeng recommends a regular study schedule that includes daily practice sessions to keep reading skills sharp.By incorporating these strategies into their study routine, students can significantly improve their performance in postgraduate English reading sections. He Kaifeng'smethods are not just about passing an exam; they are aboutdeveloping a lifelong skill for understanding and analyzing written English.。
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！2018考研英语：93分英语达人的笔记一、考研阅读的基本解题思路：（四步走）第一，扫描提干，划关键项。
第二，通读全文，抓住中心。
1、通读全文，抓两个重点：①首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）；②其他各段的段首和段尾句。
（其他部分略读，有重点的读）2、抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？②文章中有无提到核心概念？③作者的大致态度是什么？第三，仔细审题，返回原文。
（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）定位原则：①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。
（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！②自然段定位原则。
出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。
要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。
第四，重叠选项，得出答案。
（重叠原文=对照原文）1、通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。
2、作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由二、阅读理解的解题技巧1、例证题：①例证题的标记。
当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。
②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。
③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。
例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。
注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。
举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。
④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。
⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。
（╳）要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。
第一部分：强化期间总体复习思路一、单词：真题单词二、句子结构：主干三、翻译：理解句子结构=保证句子理解正确掌握翻译技巧=保证句子表达正确掌握词组用法=保证句子翻译正确四、句子间的关系：通过句子间的关系解题五、段落间的关系：论点+论据六、文章结构：论点+论据线性结构+扇形结构第二部分：考研阅读总论一、体材：议论文二、四大题材：商业经济、人文社科、文化教育、科普议论三、考察八大能力：1、理解主旨2、理解作者观点、意图或态度3、理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系4、理解文章中的概念性的含义5、理解文中的具体信息6、区分论点和论据7、进行有关判断、推理和引申——表达方式的改变、取非（正话反说）（1）总量不变、构成不变、此消彼长（2）相反的（3）时间前后，事实相反例子：在电视出现之前，候选人很难有机会出现与大众直接交流的机会→电视出现后有机会8、根据上下文推理生词词义四、六大题型：主题题、例证题、推理题、细节题、词义题、态度题五、做题步骤：1、阅读题干，确定题型，猜测大意2、通读全文，抓住重点，确定中心3、再读题干，回文定位，精度线索（1）段落首末（2）转折（3）结论（4）观点4、比对选项，同义替换，合理排除第三部分：考研阅读具体题型解题方案一、细节题（一）识别：题干中不包含其他题型特征的题是细节题（二）考察内容：1、事实识别→分析句子能力2、因果识别→分清原因结果因果表达方式3、观点识别→问观点，找观点4、Which题型→一一比对的能力（三）分类：1、事实识别：问题中只出现了本文的具体相关信息，有明显的定位词汇2、因果关系：问题中除开具体的定位词之外，还有表示因果的词汇：inthat，dutto，attribute（认为……是；把……归于）3、观点识别：问题除开具体定位词之外，还出现了表示观点的词汇：think、believe、maintain、hold、advocate4、Which题型（except题型）（四）解题思路：1、定位（1）寻找题干中的定位词（能缩小搜索范围）时间、地点、人名、数字、专有名词、因果词、观点词定位词可能是原文词的替换（同近义词、上下义词）（2）回文包含定位词的句子，线索句2、读取（1）分析线索句的主干，将其与各项比对（表达方式不同，意思最为接近正确选项）（2）必要时需要分析线索句的上一句或下一句。
上一句或下一句叫做支持句，当线索句为段落首末句时，支持句可以是段落其他所有句子。
3、注意事项（1）顺序原则，出题顺序与行文顺序保持一致（2）段落原则，一个段落对应一个细节题，细节题通常不夸段，排除段落之间指代、重复、转折、因果等明显逻辑关系。
（3）比较的内容：对象、内容、结果观点词：Think、thought（思想；思考；想法；关心）、believe、belief（相信）、maintain（维持；继续；维修；主张；供养）、suspect（猜想）、suspicion（怀疑）、insist（坚持、强调）、doubt（怀疑、不信、恐怕、说不准）、assert（维护，坚持；断言；主张；声称）、assertion（声明、主张）、contend（主张）、contention（争论，争辩；争夺；论点）、argue（辩论，争论；证明；说服）、argument（论证；论据；争吵；内容提要）、agree （同意）、attempt（企图，试图；攻击）、moan（抱怨）、complain、say、hold、assume（承担；假定；采取；呈现）、claim、declare（宣布）、hypotheses（（有少量事实依据但未被证实的）假说（hypothesis的名词复数）；假设；（凭空的）猜想；猜测）、idea、opinion（主张）、warn（警告、提醒）、advocate（四）细节题正误选项特征：1、正确——同义替换（1）同义词替换（2）上下义词的替换（3）正话反说（正反替换）2、错误——干扰选项特征（1）视觉干扰：偷梁换柱（主谓宾系表的偷换）、移花接木（2）因果倒置（3）否定错误（对比等）（4）比较错误（比较内容主观、客观）（5）文中没有提到（6）原文→选项A······→选项B二、态度题（一）识别：attitude（二）分类：主体（发出者）、对象、态度词1、当主体是作者时，对象是文章主题词时，我们称之为全文态度题2、其他情况称之为局部态度题3、态度词的分类：（1）必然不会成为答案的词：indifferent漠不关心的、neutral不表态、biased有偏见的、suspicious可疑的、scared害怕的、subjective主观的、questionable可疑的、sensitive 敏感的、puzzled困惑的、gloomy沮丧的、阴郁的（2）可以入选的选项：正负态度：optimistic乐观的-pessimistic悲观的positive积极的-negative消极的approved赞成的-disapproved不赞成的critical批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的；评论的中性词：objective客观的、impartial公平的、amazed吃惊的、surprised出人意料的（三）解题步骤1、看选项，排除永陪选项，进行排除2、看题干，确定态度（1）主题符合传统道德价值观，作者持正态度（2）主题不符合传统道德价值观，作者持负态度（3）主题与道德价值无关或无定论，作者通常是中性态度，若无中性态度，选正态度。
（四）相关词汇因果关系：because、becauseof、since、for、as、dueto、owingto、inthat、so、sothat、therefore、thus、hence、asaresult，consequently，accordingly，implication，consequence，effect1、导致cause，leadto，resultto，giveriseto，render，produce，make，let，support，spur，spark，stimulate，fuel，push，motivate刺激，prompt，beresponsiblefor，inspire2、源自于derive，come，result，originate，initial，stem，emanate，spring…+from，beattributableto，growoutto，beresponsiveto例子：Thedebateisfueledbythedespairstateofthepatients.由于病人的绝望，人们开始争论。
3、考虑到+原因giventhat…，onaccountof…，inviewof…，intermsof…，inlightof…，thanksto…4、依赖于+原因relyon…，dependingon…，resortto…，counton…5、条件词if，when，once，as，assoonas，aslongas+原因6、分词短语、不定式、介词短语、定语从句→原因、结果（五）态度题的解题思路（局部态度题）步骤：1、确定题干中的态度的主体和对象2、返回原文寻找包含主体对象的句子（优先考虑包含主题的句子）3、将原文中的态度和选项相对照4、同意替换的为正确选项三、主题题（一）实质：对论点（结论）和论题（对象）的提问（二）识别：题干出现：subject，summarize，mainidea，mainlyabout，besttitle，primarilyabout，maintopic（三）解题方法：1、寻找主题句（论点）或者主题词（论题）2、根据选项合理排除（1）如何寻找主题句开门见山：通常出现在文章首段首句柳暗花明：文章开头转折处or现象结论处特征：一个概括总结性的结论或判断（2）如何寻找主题词：主题句、首段、全文、题干中有出现（四）解题原则：1、正确选项不能描述细节2、正确选项不能包含无具体依据信息3、正确选项应包含主题词或同义替换词（谚语中可以不包含）4、以复数为中心词选项往往是干扰选项（排除与原文的展开方式一致）四、例证题（一）识别：题干出现：example，case，demonstrate，illustrate，mention，toshow （二）解题思路：1、例子是为论点、结论和主题服务的；2、寻找例子对应的观点结论和主题3、尽量可以忽略例子本身附加：在寻找的过程中：1、通常往上或往下寻找，可以跨段2、一定将例子和观点完全剥离3、例子所在句较长时，例子和观点能在同一句中（三）错误选项的特征：1、就事论事2、自我总结（自己总结的并非文中提出的论点）五、推理题（一）识别：题干出现：infer，learn，imply，conclude，suggest，indicate（二）分类：1、细节推理：题干中包含有具体定位信息2、段落推理：题干中包含有段落号3、全文推理：题干中包含有主题词或无定位信息（三）推理题解题思路：1、细节性：题干中包含定位信息（1）部分题目的本质就是细节题，主要把握句子间和选项间的同义替换（2）还有部分题目实质考察的是句子间的关系，通常采用代入法解题，正确选项应该满足句子间的逻辑关系2、段落性的推理题（1）常考题句A.段落句末，主题句、观点句B.转折的地方C.强调句或递进关系的地方D.与主题密切相关的细节（CD不常考）（2）解题原则A.主题大于细节，论点大于论据B.推理必须有原文依据C.特别关注转折3、全文性推理（1）主要是耗时，通常考察一一对比选项（2）选项中和主题相关的优先考虑之注意事项：1、本质上是一种同意改写2、被接受的推理正反推理（取非）和归纳总结六、词义题（一）识别：题干中对某个单词、短语、句子的含义进行推测，有时也会考察代词的指代。
（二）实质：此本无意，意由境生（三）解题流程：1、返回原文确定题干位置2、根据上下文推测含义3、代入原文，确定答案（四）解题原则：句子间的正反关系（1）正关系A并列关系（并列连词；or语义上的并列）B解释关系（①定语，定语从句②标点（）——③同位语④因果关系，因果解释）C总分关系（举例、单复数间的关系）（2）反关系转折（五）注意事项：1、很多时候单词的字面含义都不是答案，一定要代入验证是否满足上下逻辑2、单词题寻找答案时，尽量寻找上下文对应点3、句子题要关注上下句的关系第四部分：阅读解题通法一、句子之间的关系：承接、并列、总分（支持）、转折二、特别的六大关注：1、阅读原文时：观点、指代、转折2、读题干时：因果、观点3、读选项时：否定（范围、对象）、比较（对象、内容、因果）、因果（强加、倒置）三、所有答案应从原文中获得答案无非来自以下情况：1、单独的一个句子2、句子间的关系3、段落的主题4、全文的主旨四、选项的特征：（一）错误选项的特征：1、视觉干扰：移花接木、偷梁换柱、无中生有2、逻辑干扰：（1）否定错误：（62，28C）（23，26A）（2）比较错误：（8538B）（3）因果错误：强加因果（2225D）（1245D）因果倒置（3738A）（3222B）3、没有提到：（1）单纯性的（2）原文→选项A······→选项B（14，49）（32，25）4、例证题的错误选项：就是论是、自我总结5、主题题的错误选项：范围不能过大过小、标题与文章不匹配（二）正确选项的特征：1、关键词的替换或改写：同近义词、上下义词2、取非正反改写3、归纳总结注意：1、出题人经常加上形容词或副词来隐藏正确选项2、出题人常用may，some，certain，special，should等词使答案更加安全3、正确选项往往与主题相关（三）最佳选项的特征：1、四个选项都不对时：（1）与主题观点相关的优先入选（2）逻辑错误（比较、否定、因果）优先排除（四个选项与主题观点都无关时）2、有多个正确选项时：（1）与主题观点相关的优先入选（36，35）（48，40）（14，48）（7，56）（2）因为A所以B，选A不选B（66，34）（34，27）。
