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Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty 有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
如今我同时做着这两件事。
作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。
在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。
这是一种自力更生的生活。
我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。
自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。
自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。
这也是一种令人满足的生活。
夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。
冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。
我们为落日的余辉而激动。
我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。
我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。
但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。
就在三个月前，气温降到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。
再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。
前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。
过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。
这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。
在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。
新世纪大学英语综合教程3翻译部分Unit 11.我不曾想到，随着时间的流逝，我果真以身为社工而自豪。
(count on; take pride in)What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker. 2.奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼：天哪，我们要赶不上火车了。
(shoot a look at; let out) Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall,Grandma let out a cry,“Oh,my dear/My goodness/My gracious,we’re going to miss the train!”3.我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走。
请问：在这种情形下，年轻的父母们是否得对孩子严厉些，赶紧离开？(stern; hold on to sb.)At the kindergarten entrance,I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances?4.昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣的小女孩。
(dim; weep)In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/a girl weeping.5.富人捐赠时要尽量考虑周全，不要让受赠者陷入难堪的境地。
(considerate; embarrassing)When making donations,rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation.6.从上个月起，我的工作就是围绕日常办公事务转，所以现在每天掰着手指算什么时候才到国庆节：我和朋友要去乡下远足呢！(revolve; count the days)Since last month,my work has been revolving around the routine office duties,so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes,when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside.Unit 21.无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。
第一单元?如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。
通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。
确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。
和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。
????? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。
语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。
作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。
?如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。
在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。
碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。
当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。
?如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。
鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。
?准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。
有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。
通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。
明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。
暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。
?另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。
有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。
排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。
包装设计1. 普莱默.安吉列的工作室位于圣弗朗斯斯科一个时尚的街区里, 它看起来就像一件流行艺术的作品。
墙上的一幅喷涂画面上是一个五英尺的香肠正盯着你看。
一块巨大的花岗石被安放在由陈腐的炸面圈垒起的宝塔上。
我疑惑这炸面圈怎么支撑得住花岗石。
安吉列解释说：“这块石头不是真正的花岗石而是一块制型纸板。
2.像在这个地方的许多东西一样，这个炸面圈的宝塔通常是个象征而已。
它不是我们常想的那种艺术作品的样子。
在我们后面的墙上，是安吉列他的员工的作品和那些材料——一排排的空盒子、瓶子、纸板盒和易拉罐。
3. “顾客和包装之间有一种关系”，安吉列说，包装有时被称作“沉默的推销员。
”但它们真正所做的是引诱。
它们把肥皂、发胶、婴儿爽身粉、松饼等普通的东西转变成人们渴望的东西。
它们使我们想买我们并不需要，甚至并不想要的东西。
4. 很快包装就可以使人选择一袋洗涤剂或者一份冻比萨，包装袋一定会尖叫或低语或哀求或威胁或喃喃低语以传达这种产品的美味，价廉，优点和华贵的感觉，清晰明了地吸引我们的注意力。
难怪，在设计、生产和市场推销中，包装领域成蓬勃发展，彼此的关系已经类似艺术和骗局、科学与欺骗。
５．要真正掌握包装的作用，首先设想一下没有包装的世界会是一个什么样子。
设想整个的超市里面装满了相似的品目：白色无菌的牙膏，用蜡纸包装的早餐麦片等等。
这个店里的商品也许和其它地方的商品一样好甚至还要好过别的商家，价格有竞争力，售货员也敏锐，在现今零售店里它的成功是不可能的。
６．市场调查员戴温斯．马森说一个成功的包装是能够创造一个购买者向往的理想意象，渴求真正与自己有关。
比如，当普莱默.安吉列为从意大利进品销往美国的咖啡设计包装的时候，他就不会把穿着邋遢浴袍的美国有形象印在标签上，而美国人确实穿着破旧的浴衣喝大量的咖啡，但是为什么要把这种窘境画在咖啡的包装上呢？所以，在Age li设计的标签上描述的是一对优雅而身着白色外套的夫妇面对面坐在古典而浪漫的环境下的景象。
Unit1人们生活在大自然的王国里。
他们大自然的居民，也是大自然的改造者。
随着社会的进步和经济的发展，人们对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而对其间接的依赖却越来越多。
人类与大自然的血肉相连，谁都无法生存于大自然之外。
然而，人与自然之间原来存在的动态平衡已经出现崩溃现象。
人口爆炸、生态失衡、资源匮乏等问题已成为阻碍人类社会进一步发展的主要因素。
斯铂金教授认为，要解决这一问题，人类唯一的选择就是明智地协商好生产和大自然的关爱之间的关系。
Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood”ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Unit3许多人都想出名，因为声誉能带给他们公众的赞扬和敬意。
新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程4英语课后题答案（含原句）及整句翻译短语填空（1）Unit.1Shortly after the government’s new policy was put into effect , the economy of our co untry began to show signs of recovery. 后不久，政府的新政策付诸实施，我国经济开始出现复苏迹象。
2. The citizens have called upon the local authorities to minimize environmental destr uction by banning the use of all poisonous chemicals immediately. 市民呼吁地方当局立即禁止所有有毒化学物质的使用，以尽量减少对环境的破坏3. It’s known to all that military bas es are off limits to outsiders. 它是已知的限制外人的所有军事基地。
4. She never participated in any violent sports games in fear of getting injured. 她从来不参加任何剧烈运动游戏中得到受伤的恐惧。
5. It seems that all of us are rushing around trying to get things done in a hurry—we all need to slow down and take it easy. 看来，我们所有人都在四处奔波，试图把事情做在赶时间，我们都需要慢下来，很容易。
6. Many trees in this area have been cut down to make room for buildings ,which has worsened our living environment. 在这一领域的许多树木被砍伐，使建筑物的房间，我们的生活环境恶化。
Unit 1Text AMan in the Realm of Nature人在自然界亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。
他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。
人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。
我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。
人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。
人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。
人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。
人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。
随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。
我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。
然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。
在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。
森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。
大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。
譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。
这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。
然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。
科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。
目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。
生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。
人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。
清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后翻译1、这个村子离边境很近，村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2. 这个国家仅用了20年的时间就发展成了一个先进的工业强国In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3.看到项目顺利完成，那些为此投入了大量时间和精力的人们都感到非常自豪This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4.鉴于目前的金融形势，美元进一步贬值是不可避免的Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5.现在的汽车太多了，这个地区的道路几乎无法应对当前的交通状况There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6.天气没有出现好转的迹象，所以政府号召我们做好防洪的准备The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7.那场车祸以后爱丽丝十几年卧床不起，所以她的康复真是一个奇迹Alice had been confined to bed for over10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8. 这些同学对世界杯十分关注，每天至少花两个小时看比赛的现场直播The students were all very much concerned about the WorldCup,spending at least two hours every day watching thelive matches on TV.9.托马斯说他家半个世纪前就在佛罗里达定居了Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10. 寻找他人的帮助，别自己一个人扛着。
Unit3 Part 11.After gold was frist discovered at Sutter′s Mill in 1848, many people trave- -lled all the way to California in quest of gold and fortune.在1848年萨特的磨坊首次发现黄金之后，许多人纷纷来到加利福尼亚寻找黄金和财富。
2.He had finished his speech,but somehow he remained at the microphone for a few Minutes,gazing at the audience.他已经完成了他的讲话,但他仍然在麦克风分钟,凝视着观众。
3.Medical research has proved that people who consume large amounts of animals fats are more likely to get cancer and heart disease than those who do not.医学研究证明,消耗大量的动物脂肪的比那些不这样做的人更可能会患上癌症和心脏病。
4.My father′s job is to look through a microscope at viruses day and night,and his bigger wish is that I could follow suit and do likewise.我爸爸的工作是通过显微镜观察病毒,并且他的最大的愿望是,我能够跟他一样，做同样的工作。
5.They filled a large cooking vessel with vegetables and let it simmer(煨，炖) over the campfire.他们在大烹饪容器里装满了蔬菜,让它在篝火煮。
Unit 3 Schools and UniversitiesThinking AheadStudents are asked to discuss the following questions in groups. The reference answers for the questions are offered below:1. Do you like your university? Describe your dream university.Well, I love it. It is awesome! I’ve never had so much fun or learned so much about a topic, or most importantly, learned so much about myself. I’ve met so many great and diverse people and been in situations that I never thought I’d ever be in. I would not trade my years at the university for anything.My dream university is the one where I can breathe the cool air and chat with my easy-going friends about our common interest freely. The beautiful campus with a lake and extensive parkland greenery is a must. Moreover, I dreamed of joining numerous student clubs and other organizations which demonstrate the breadth of student interests in academic and career areas, social issues, athletics and much more. In my opinion, studying in a university is an experience that goes far beyond lectures, and the academic life should be dynamic and vibrant（生气勃勃的）.2. How do you make use of the facilities and resources in your university?My university boasts numerous facilities including library, gym, pub, etc, among which the library and gym are the two which I make full use of. As for me, study is still the priority. The library facility includes traditional reading areas where silence is the rule; there, it is less likely to be distracted by the noise outside. There are also areas designated for group study where you can communicate and interact with your colleagues for group projects. Also, the enormous collections of the books help to broaden my horizon and the library staff provide us with the effective Internet searching strategy, which enables me to study independently.Moreover, being in good physical health is critical to maintaining good academic standing as well as quality of life. The campus gym offers enormous facility with spaces and programs for students at all levels of physical skill and activity. I go to gym three times a week to get good workout. It helps me to relax and release the stress, and concentrate easily on my academic study. Part I Video TimeIn this part, students will have 2 tasks to accomplish.Task 1In task 1, students will watch a video clip about the University of Oxford, one of the leading universities in the world, and then do the exercises as required. Before watching, students are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural notes related to the video.TranscriptThe University of OxfordOxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world, a city that lives and breathes education, a place where you can think rigorously, where you can grow intellectually, an institution that has been educating world changing leaders for over 800 years, and draws together the finest men across the globe. At Oxford, you have all the resources of the Oxford University at your fingertips, some of the finest libraries, academic departments, and research labs in the world.“Oxford is the pre-eminent research university that, when it does things, it does things at the very very highest level. And serious-research universities are places where the cleverest people on the planet think really hard about the hardest problems on the planet.”“I would say that the things that strike me the most about Oxford, what I do appreciate about it the most is that it taught me to think again. That the spirit in the air, of learning, of feeling like you are a part of a long legacy of centuries of academic excellence, and being around people also who reaffirm that.”As a student at the Oxford University, you become a member of an Oxford college, which contains a wealth of history and tradition. There are 39 different colleges in the university; each has its own academic fellowship and individual student community. The colleges have their own dining hall, library, cultural groups and sports teams. Y our college will give you opportunity to meet other brilliant students from all areas of academic study, from astrophysicist to archeologist, from scientists to engineers. Oxford is an ancient and beautiful city; at the same time, it is modern and vibrant. Whenever things enclose proximity, you can cycle from pubs to parks and from museums to galleries. Oxford has excellent transport connections, and it is one hour from London and Heathrow Airport. Key to ExercisesExercise 1 Watching for DetailsStudents are asked to watch the video clip and fill in the blanks with the missing information.1) Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world, a city that lives and breathes education, a place where you can think rigorously, where you can grow intellectually, an institution that has been educating world changing leaders for over 800 years, and draws together the finest men across the globe. At Oxford, you have all the resources of Oxford University at your fingertips, some of the finest libraries, academic departments, and research labs in the world.2) As a student at the Oxford University, you become a member of an Oxford College, which containsa wealth of history and tradition, the colleges have their own academic fellowship and individual student community. The College has its own dining hall, library, cultural groups and sports teams.3) Oxford has excellent transportation connections and it is one hour from London and Heathrow Airport.Exercise 2 Essay WritingThe well-respected higher education systems and the prestigious universities abroad attract Chinese young people to study overseas. Students are asked to write an essay entitled The Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad with no less than 160 words.SampleThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying AbroadIn recent years, there has been a growing trend toward studying abroad among young people. When pursuing educational opportunities overseas is widely considered as a life-transforming opportunity, students should take on a number of challenges. Below are some specific advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.Studying abroad allows one to gain a real knowledge of a new culture and a new language. By interacting and communicating with native speakers daily, students can enhance their foreign language skills. They will simultaneously explore the values and ways of life of the host country. For example, Asian students might be surprised to find that communication in Western countries is starkly open and straightforward, in sharp contrast to the intense use of non-verbal messages in communication in theirhome countries. Not surprisingly, even simple everyday experiences, such as buying food and mailing letter, can help improve language proficiency and promote culture learning. It gives students new perspectives on how things are done.During their overseas trips, many students will learn how to take care of themselves and live independently. They might have initial difficulties in fulfilling even the simplest tasks at the very beginning, such as grocery shopping, doing laundry, making living arrangements and setting accounts for electricity, but before long, they will adapt to the new environment and become self-sufficient. Moreover, by interacting with people from different backgrounds, overseas students can exercise and improve their social skills, an experience which is of great value to their careers later in life.While studying abroad has its advantages, it might have its drawbacks. Most of the students are lack of life experience when they first travel overseas. Failure to cope with the problems that arise from their everyday lives might cause frustration. They feel helpless, suffer homesick and in worse cases, have a breakdown.As suggested above, studying abroad poses both opportunities and challenges. While young people can become polyglots and independent individuals, gain opportunities for personal growth and develop an appreciation of cultural differences, they have to cope with the stress of living oversea.(顾家北，2008) Task 2In task 2, students are asked to watch a video clip about the hall of residence in the University of Derby in the UK and then do the exercises as required. Before watching, students are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural notes related to the video.TranscriptThe Hall of Residence in the University of DerbyLiving in halls is a great opportunity to socialize with hundreds of people from all over the country, and quite likely all over the world. At the University of Derby, every first year who wants a place can have a place in halls, you can apply online once you got an unconditional offer, and we guarantee a place to all first years who apply before the 31st August. The university has five city center halls in Derby, and all the halls are a short walk from the university sites. It is really easy to get around city and university buses link all the halls. The buses run regularly, and you are living in halls, you get vouchers for a number of free trips. Alternatively, if you want to bring your car or a bike, all the halls have car parks and bike sheds. Derby is a great city, with something on most nights: fantastic shopping at the New West Field Center, and a friendly and vibrant atmosphere. It is also close to places like the Peak National Park for walking, biking or climbing.Y our room will most likely be one of four or six in a flat, you can choose from a standard room where you share a shower and toilet with your flat mates, and an En-suite room, or a premium en-suite room, with its own mini-fridge and the use of TV lounge for all the people in the flat. If you have specific health or medical issue, we can also provide you with the room specially-adapted for your needs. Each room has Internet access, and connection to the university network. A phone which comes with free internal calls and a TV aerial point. Y our booking fee also covers contents insurance for your room.Hall staff is on hand 24 hours a day, and resident safety is our priority. There is CCTV on all sites and intercom systems in every flat to keep you safe and secure. Our staff has years of experience in dealing with all manner of welfare issues. So you can be sure that you are in safe hands. Living in halls is very good value for money, and compares favorably with private accommodation. Heating, lighting and hot water are all inc luded; once you’ve paid your whole fees, all you have to budget for is food and going out. Cleaners come to your flat once a week, and cover the kitchen, shower, toilet and other shared areas. But your room is down to you. Each hall has a coin-operated laundry, containinglarge washers and dryers, so there is no excuse to take washing home at the weekends.Every hall also has its own common room, where you can relax and socialize aw ay from your room. These contain wide-screen TVs and DVD players, pool tables and other entertainment. As well as studying, living in halls is also about community, and having time to socialize. The halls run all sorts of activities, and helps you get to know your neighbors better, and make new friends. There are events, such as pool competitions, barbecues and quizzes; and on the first weekend, a welcome-to- halls party. Y our time in hall should be a great experience and one that you will never forget. We are here to support you along the way.Key to ExercisesExercise 1 Making a Sound JudgmentStudents are asked to watch the short video and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).F 1) Every student who applies for the university can be guaranteed a place in the hall of residence. T 2) The buses that link the halls are free of charge.T 3) Specially-adapted rooms are provided to the students with health or medical issue.T 4) Each room in the hall of residence has Internet access to the university network.F 5) You can relax and enjoy yourself in your room which contains a lot of recreational facilities,such as wide-screen TV and DVD players.Exercise 2 Watching for DetailsStudents are asked to watch the short video again and choose the best answers to the questions.1) B2) C3) BPart II Listening ActivitiesIn this part, students will have 3 listening tasks to accomplish.Task 1In task 1, students will listen to an introduction about Freshers’ Week at university and then do the exercises as required. Before listening, students are supposed to read the words and expressions related to the talk.TranscriptFreshers’ W eekFreshers’ Week at universities can be a nerve-wracking experience.The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, it can be overwhelming and sometimes confusing.October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. Universities have something called Freshers’ Week for their newcomers. It’s a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots ofclubs and settle into university life.However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve-wracking. Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join?Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don’t rush into anything that you’ll regret for the next three years.Here are some top tips from past students on how to survive Freshers’Week:●Blend in. Make sure you are aware of British social etiquette. Have a few wine glasses andsnacks handy for your housemates and friends.●Be hospitable. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start inmaking friends.●Be sociable. The more active you are, the more likely you’ll be to meet new people than ifyou’re someone who never leaves their room.●Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you’re in and that sends positive messages toyour neighbors that you’re friendly.So with a bit of clever planning and motivation, Freshers’Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you’ll be passing on your wisdom to next year’s new recruits.(From /china/learningenglish/onthetown/re/2008/03/080327_oxford_uni.shtml) Key to ExercisesExercise 1 Making a Sound JudgmentStudents are asked to listen to the task and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).T 1) Although UK has the excellent education system and some top universities, the newcomers still feel confused sometimes.F 2) The newcomers tend to feel very excited and happy in Freshers’ Week.T 3) It is a great opportunity to make new friends to join many clubs in Freshers’ Week.F 4) Every freshman feels very comfortable in making new friends and joining clubs.Exercise 2 Listening for DetailsStudents are asked to listen to the talk again and fill in the blanks with the missing information.Tips on How to Survive Freshers’ Week●Blend in. Make sure you are aware of British etiquette. Have a few wine and snacks handy foryour housemates and friends.●Be _hospitable. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in makingfriends.●Be sociable.The more active you are, the more likely you’ll be to meet new people.●Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you are in and that sends positive messages to yourneighbors that you’re friendly.Task 2Students will listen to a conversation between a teacher and a student, and then do the exercises as required. Before listening, students are supposed to read the words and expressions related to the dialogue.TranscriptA Dialogue between a Teacher and a StudentDr Richardson: Enter, please.David Simons: Good afternoon, Dr Richardson.Dr Richardson: Good afternoon. You’re David Simons, is that right?David Simons: Yes. I’ve an appointment to talk about the course requirements with you.Dr Richardson: Fine. Now why don’t you take a seat over there and I’ll just get some details from you. First, can I have your home address and your student number?David Simons: That’s 15 Market Avenue, Hornsby and my student number is C97H85.Dr Richardson:OK. Now I see here that you’ve already completed 18 credit points, but that you haven’t done the Screen Studies course which is normally a prerequisite for this course. Why is that, David?David Simons: Oh, the course coordinator gave me an exemption because I’ve worked for a couple of years in the movie and television business and they considered my practical experienc e fulfilled the same requirements.Dr Richardson: Fine. Shall we go over the course requirements first, and then you can bring up any queries or problems you might have. It might be most useful to start with a few dates. The final examination will be in the last week of June, that’s the week of the 23rd. but the final date hasn’t been set. It should be the 25th or the 20th, but you don’t have to worry about that yet. Before that, as you can see in your study guide, there are three essay assignments and some set exercises. I’ll deal with these first. These set exercises are concerned with defining concepts and key terms.They do have fixed answers not in the wording but in the content. To that extent they are quite mechanical, and provide an opportunity for you to do very well as long as your answers are very specific and clear.David Simons: Yes, I see there are about twenty terms here. How long should the answers be?Dr Richarson: You shouldn’t exceed 250 words for each term.David Simons: Right. That looks easy enough. And the third assignment seems fairly straightforward too. Just a journalistic type review of a recent development in television. It’s not so different from what I’ve done in my work.Dr Richarson: Yes, it should be fairly easy for you, but don’t exceed 1,000 words on that one. Essays1 and2 are the long ones. The first essay should be about 2,000 words and the second 2,500 to3,000, and the approach for both should be analytical. In the first one, your focus should be on TV and the audience, and you should primarily consider the theoretical issues, particularly in relation to trying to understand audience studies. In the second, I’ll want you to focus on analyzing television programs.David Simons: Should I concentrate on one particular type of program for that?Dr Richarson: Not necessarily. But you must be careful not to overextend yourself here. A comparison between two programs or even between two channels is fine, or a focus on one type of program, such as a particular series, works well here.David Simons: So if I wanted to look at television news programs, that would be OK?Dr Richarson: Yes, there would be no problem with that. In fact it’s quite a popular choice, and most students handle it very well.David Simons: Good. I’ll probably do that, because it’s the area I want to work in later.(黄若妤，2008) Key to ExercisesExercise 1 Listening for Global UnderstandingStudents are asked to listen to the conversation and choose the best answers to the questions.1) D2) B3) DExercise 2 Listening for DetailsStudents are asked to listen to the conversation again and draw lines to match the assignments with their descriptions.Assignment set exercise assignment1 assignment2 assignment3 Description mechanical theoretical analytical journalisticAdditional ListeningIn this section, students will listen to a lecture given by a counselor about the campus facilities and then do the exercises as required. Before listening, students are supposed to read the words and expressions related to the lecture.TranscriptCampus FacilitiesHi, I am your counselor for this year. Today we will visit the facilities available to you on our campus. As students, you should take advantage of everything you have available to you.How many of you like sports? Well, I hope most of you do, because our school has great sports facilities. We have an indoor gym with state of the art equipment. First I want to tell you about our basketball facilities. There are 2 basketball courts, both are full court and open for student use. We offer basketball leagues that all students are invited to join, just sign up with a team. Usually there are games on the courts, but during the league time, only the teams are allowed to use the courts. The basketball courts are open 24 hours a day. If you want a job, you can be a referee at the games.Next, I want to tell you about the tennis facilities. We have 5 tennis courts available for student use. The tennis courts are open everyday 8 am until 10 in the evening. You should call ahead to reserve a court, because they are very popular and can often be booked weeks in advance. There are rackets and balls available for rent at the front desk of the courts.There is an Olympic size swimming pool that is open for students and the general public. There are also showers and locker rooms available. The swimming pool is open everyday 9 am until 7 in the evening. There are openings for the position of lifeguards, so if you are looking for a job in the sun, this might be good for you.There are also 2 weight rooms and a gymnastics room. The weight rooms have all the standard equipment available. Please check with the gym to see the open hours, because they vary from time to time. The gymnastics room is usually not open for individual users because there are almost always classes held in the room. However, if you are interested, you may sign up for gymnastics classes. Plus if you like martial arts and boxing, we offer classes for everyone, from beginners to advanced students. Please check the schedule for availability. There is everything available from Chinese Wushu to Brazilian wrestling.I will talk for a brief moment about our library system. Our campus has 3 libraries available toundergraduate students, one additional graduate library, and one faculty library. The libraries are open daily until midnight, except for during testing periods, when the libraries will be open 24 hours. Please look on a map to see where the libraries are located. All students with a valid ID can check out books, with a maximum of 10 books at a time. Books can be checked out for a 2 weeks period, and then renewed for a one month maximum. After that, there is a 1$ fine per week that the book is overdue. I will repeat that…There is a hefty one dollar fine per week! So it is a good idea to return books on time. If you lose a book, then you will have to repay the library for it, plus a fine. If you damage a book, most likely you will have to repay the value of the book. So please, enjoy the library facilities, but take care of the school’s belongings. The library is also equipped with 200 computers for student use. They are all internet ready and available for use. You must sign up at the library for 1 hour timeslots. You may sign up for up to 3 consecutive slots at a time. No one can use the computers without first signing in at the library.That is it for now. Thank you for your attention.(胡敏, 2008) ExercisesExercise 1 Listening for DetailsStudents are asked to listen to the talk and answer the following questions.1) How many hours are the basketball courts open each day?The basketball counters are open 24 hours a day.2) What kind of job do the basketball courts offer?The basketball counts offer the position of referrees at games.3) How many tennis courts are available for students?There are five tennis courts available for students.4) What kind of job does the swimming pool offer?The swimming pool offers the position of lifeguards.5) What should you do if you are interested in gymnastics?You may sign up for gymnastics classes.Exercise 2 Listening for Specific InformationStudents are asked to listen to the talk again and fill in the blanks with the missing information.Part III Oral PracticeIn this part, students will have 3 tasks to accomplish.Task 1 Casual TalkStudents are supposed to choose one of the topics to discuss their definition in detail with the help of the words in the following Information Box. They may do it either in pairs or in groups.My definition of a good…Reference AnswerIn my opinion, a good university should create a most beautiful academic setting where the historic architecture and the inviting green spaces are integrated together. Students can be able to really breathe in the atmosphere. A good university should be dedicated to helping students think smart as they build their academic, personal and career success. I think the key ingredients of a good education include a capable faculty, and strong academic programs. A good university should balance its educational program and close attention to student needs with a progressive look to the future to meet the needs of changing society. In addition to the beautiful campus and the prestigious academic strength, students should enjoy excellent accommodations that help define the university experience. Moreover, a good university should boast attractive and abundant resources and facilities, which support students to enjoy and experience the high-quality academic program, and colorful social life at the same time.Additional Information:Facultylecturer 讲师tutor 助教，导师assistant professor 助理教授associate professor 副教授coordinator 课程协调老师liaison officer 校联络departmental head/chairperson 系主任dean （大学学院）院长chancellor/university president（大学）校长headmaster （中小学）校长school counselor/adviser 指导老师Degreesdiploma 文凭，毕业证书degree 学位Bachelor 学士学位Master 硕士学位Doctorate 博士头衔B.A./Bachelor of Arts 文学学士学位B.S./Bachelor of Science 理学学士学位M.A./Master of Arts 文学硕士学位M.S./Master of Science 理学硕士学位M.D./Doctor of Medicine 医学博士Ph.D./Doctor of Philosophy 博士Postdoctoral 博士后（研究人员）honorary degree 荣誉学位Coursesbasic course 基础课specialized course 专业课compulsory/required course 必修课optional/selective course 选修课literature 文学philosophy 哲学history 历史art 艺术sociology 社会学linguistic 语言学psychology 心理学engineering 工程学architecture 建筑学business 商务law 法学economics 经济学finance 金融学accounting 会计学banking 银行学biochemistry 生物化学Facilitiesdivision/departments 系campus 校园common room 公共休息室canteen 食堂dining hall 食堂cafeteria 自助餐厅accommodation 住宿parking lot 停车场shopping mall 购物中心teaching building 教学楼lecture theatre 阶梯教室administration/admin office 管理/行政办公室laboratory/lab 实验室student union 学生会auditorium 会堂，礼堂gymnasium/gym 体育馆playground 操场locker room 更衣室library 图书馆recreation room 娱乐室Task 2 Group WorkStudents are asked to redesign and redecorate the apartment they have just rented.Teaching StrategyStep 1Divide the class into pairs and ask them to share the two-bedroom apartment.Step 2Ask the students to think of the things they want to put in the apartment and where they’d like to put themStep 3Let the students begin the discussion and reach an agreement.Step 4Ask the students to draw the layout of their apartment and present it to the class.Task 3 Problem SolvingFresher’s Week at universities can be a nerve-wracking experience. Students are asked to identify the problems they might encounter at university and come up with solutions to them.Teaching StrategyStep 1List the categories of problems that students may encounter at university on the board. Such as, study, financial problem, relations with others, etc.Step 2Divide the class into groups of four. Assign each group a specific category for discussion. Each group, with the help of the related words and phrases, is required to list in detail the problems relevant to the category given to them and tries hard to offer advice or solutions to these problems.Step 3Draw the chart on the board. 10-15 minutes later, ask each group to report what they have discussed.。
3A1|知识彩虹| 克雷格·拉塞尔我这辈子四分之三以上的时间（50年中有39年）是在纽约的中小学或大学里度过的，不是在上学，就是在教学。
2于是，你或许会认为，经过这么长一段时间，我应该了解一些情况，确实知道一些东西，对知识和对生活该会积极地予以把握和肯定了。
可是，我却没有做到这一点。
事实上，我知道的东西越多，反倒越觉得自己无知。
3当然，说自己知道的东西越多，反倒越觉得自己无知，这种说法是矛盾的。
然而，现代物理学告诉我们，现实世界本身就是矛盾的。
科学家们对物质现实世界研究得越多，就越无法对它进行把握。
在某种意义上，他们了解的越多，知道的就越少。
4知识本身就是矛盾的。
打个比方，假设你的知识是一个点，就像这个句子末尾的句号一样。
请注意这个句号微小的圆周，假设它代表我们已知和未知的分界——换句话说，就是你对自己不知道的东西的认知。
5但现在想象一下那个小小的句号在渐渐扩大，它的黑色部分占据页面越来越多的地方。
随着它的扩大，它的周缘也跟着扩大。
如果那个正在增大的黑色部分代表你的知识的话，在知识增长的同时，你会意识到自己有许多不知道的东西。
也就是说，你知道的越多，就越觉得自己无知。
6你在求知过程中肯定有过类似的经历。
起初，你甚至并不知道还有某个学科的存在。
当然，这个学科是早就存在的，只是你以前没有注意到而已。
1988年有了第一台电脑以后，我去杂志店，想找一些关于电脑操作方面的书，结果发现这类书琳琅满目，让我吃惊。
同样，当我有幸获得讲授电影分析这门课的机会时，我发现有关这个领域的专著也多得令我眼花缭乱。
7假设你决定研究这一课题。
你买了一本有关这一课题的书，一本你能找到的最好也是最全面的（或是你认为是这样的）书，或许你是从图书馆借来了这本书。
但你很快就会发现，阅读这本书只会给你带来更多的问题，而不是要解答你的疑问。
8譬如，今年早些时候，我非但不知道自己对技术和自由之间的关系有兴趣，甚至没有意识到这两者之间有可能存在着某种联系。
咱们没有"享受幸福的权利".路易斯"毕竟，" 克莱尔说，"他们拥有享受幸福的权利" 。
咱们那时是在讨论邻里发生的一件事。
甲先生抛弃甲太太，离了婚，准备迎娶乙太太，而乙太太也一样办好了离婚手续准备嫁给甲。
毫无疑问，甲先生和乙太太超级欢喜对方。
若是他们继续相爱，且健康和收入不出什么差池，他们接下来的日子应该会过的很高兴。
一样显而易见的是，他们与各自的前任相处不佳。
乙太太最初仍是喜欢她的丈夫的。
可是后来他在战争中负伤，丢掉了工作，听说还已经失去了性能力。
尔后的生活已经再也不是乙夫人当初所期待的。
甲夫人也很凄惨。
她面貌再也不，也没有了生机活力。
有人说她因为为他生儿育女，又为护理他度过漫长的疾病期而将自己的精力消耗殆尽，而先前的婚姻生活也因着疾病而黯然失色。
可是不要以为甲是那种将糟糠之妻弃之如敝履的一类人。
咱们都知道前妻的自杀让他超级震惊，他曾亲口对咱们说，“我又能怎么样呢？每一个人都有享受幸福的权利。
我不能错过我的幸福机缘。
”以后我就一直琢磨"享受幸福的权利"这句话。
起初这句话给我的感觉怪怪的，听起来就像是在说每一个人都有走运的权利。
无论会有哪个派别的道德学家如何评论，咱们的幸福或痛苦很大程度上都非人力所能控制。
在我眼里，所谓享受幸福的权利并无依据，正如不能要求自己的身高要达到六英尺，应该有个百万富翁的老爸，或说无论何时自己想去野餐了，天气就必需晴朗。
权利作为所在的社会的法律所保障的自由是不难理解的。
因此，我有权沿公共道路行驶，因为这是社会给给予我的自由，也是“公共”道路意义之所在。
我也能理解法律所保障的债权权益，和与之相应的他人的债务承担义务。
若是我有权从你那里获取100英镑，也就等于说你有责任付我100英镑。
若是法律允许甲先生抛弃发妻而去勾引邻人之妻，那么甲就有这项法律权利，咱们也没有必要在此谈论所谓“幸福”的权利。
可是克莱尔意非如此。
UNIT3追梦——亚历克斯·哈利1)很多年轻人告诉我，他们想当作家。
我总是鼓励这些人，但我也会解释，“当作家”和写作是有区别的。
在多数情况下，这些人是在梦想名利，而不是在打字机前独自度过漫长的时间。
我对他们说，“你得渴望写作，而不是渴望当作家。
”2)孤独、冷清、低薪，这就是写作的现实写照。
幸运之神会眷顾一些作家，但数以千计的人心中的渴望永远无法满足。
就算是成功者，大多也曾长期无人问津、穷困潦倒，包括我。
3)我离开工作了20年的美国海岸警备队成为一名自由作家时，前途一片渺茫。
唯一拥有的是一个儿时的朋友乔治，他跟我在田纳西州的亨宁一起长大。
乔治在格林尼治村公寓看门，他在那里帮我找了间腾出来的储藏室。
那儿很冷，又没有卫生间，可是我不在乎。
我马上买了一部二手的打字机，感觉就像一个真正的作家了。
4)然而，过了一年左右还没有时来运转，我开始怀疑自己。
作品很难卖出去，我只能勉强维持生计，但我知道，我渴望写作，多少年来我一直梦想着写作。
我不要像有些人一样，临死时还想，“假如……”我要坚持不懈地试验着我的梦，哪怕衣食无着，害怕失败，也决不放弃。
这是希望的阴影地带，每个有梦的人都必须学会在那里安居。
5)我接到一个电话，我的一生从此改变。
不是经纪人或编辑打来要和我签一份大额合同。
刚好相反，这个电话像海妖的歌声，诱使我放弃梦想。
打电话的是海岸警备队的一个老熟人，警备队现在设在旧金山。
他借过一些钱给我，不时提起这件事。
“我什么时候才能拿回那15块钱啊，亚历克斯？”他揶揄道。
6)“等我下次卖了稿子吧。
”7)他说，“我有个更好的主意。
我们这里要新招一个公共信息助理，年薪六千。
想要的话，这位子就是你的了。
”8)一年六千！在1960年，那可是一大笔钱了。
我可以买套不错的房子，一辆二手车，还清所有的债，甚至还可以有点积蓄，而且我还可以在业余时间写作。
9)钞票在我脑海中舞动，但我的头脑蓦地清醒了。
从内心深处，一个固执的决定涌上心头。
普通人的胜出之道在大学里，Jim似乎是一个非常优秀的快速成功者。
他用很少的努力取得很好的等第，他的同学评选他是“最可能成功的人”。
毕业后，他有几个工作可选。
Jim进入一家大型保险公司的销售部门并且在工作之初表现很好。
但他很快陷入一种停滞不前的状态，随后跳到一家更小的公司，情况同样如此。
厌倦了销售工作，他开始尝试销售管理。
然而之前的模式又发生了：他深受喜爱，被认为是一个能快速成功的人，但他很快就只能像哑炮一样只能发出微弱的嘶嘶声了。
现在他为另外一家公司卖保险，并且疑惑他为什么不能做得更好。
Joseph D'Arrigo是另外一个例子。
“我总把我自己看作是一个普通人，”D'Arrigo告诉我。
“我进入寿险这一行，做得还算不错。
我有幸与几个最棒的寿险推销员一起被指任为一委员会委员。
一时间我吓得要命。
”当他开始了解这些成功者时，D'Arrigo意识到了什么：“他们并没有比我有更高的天赋。
他们也是普通人，只是他们把眼光放高一些，然后找到了实现他们目标的途径。
”他还意识到了更多的东西：“如果其他普通人可以梦想远大的梦想，我也可以。
”现在他自己拥有一个市值数百万美元的专营员工福利的公司。
为什么像D'Arrigo这样的普通人似乎经常能比像Jim一样的人取得更多的成功呢？为了找出其中的原因，在我作为公司咨询者的工作中，我与超过190个人进行了面谈。
非正式调查的结果为我证实了Theodore Roosevelt曾经说过的话：“成功的普通人不是天才，他仅仅拥有平凡品质，但他将他的那些平凡品质发展到超出常人的水平。
”我坚信那些胜出的普通人有以下特点：懂得自律。
“你不需要成功的天赋，”科罗拉多州丹佛市Porter纪念医院的首席执行官，因扭转经营不善的医院而获得名望的Irwin C. Hansen 强调“你的全部所需是一大罐胶水。
你在你的椅子上涂上一些，在裤子的臀部涂上一些，然后坐在上面，坚持做每一件事直到你做到了你自己的最好。
