物流英语基本概念（3级）一、物流基本概念2、在物流中，物的概念包括有形的物体和无形的服务，比如客户服务、货运代理和物流网络设计The concept of article in logistics includes tangible goods and intangible service, such as customer service, freight agents and logistics network design.4、社会物流与宏观经济活动有关，如国际贸易和全球投资The external logistics is about the macro economic activities, like international trade and global investment.5、企业物流的四个主要流程为供应物流、生产物流、销售物流和逆向物流The four key procedures in the internal logistics are supply, production, distribution and reverse.9、物流系统包括客户服务、包装、运输、储存、流通加工和信息控制Logistics system includes customer service, packaging, transportation, storage, distribution processing and information control.10、市场份额一个企业提供的某种产品或服务的销售量占该产品或服务行业销售量的比例Market share is the proportion of sales of a good or service provided by one company to the industry sales of such good or service.14、物流模数是用于规范货物运输、管理物流设施与装备的标准化模数A logistic model is standardized module that is used to regulate the cargo transportation, manage logistics facilities and equipment.15、信用证是由买方银行签发，专由买方使用，并许可持票人（供应商或卖方）从发证行提取规定数量货款的证件Letter of credit (L/C) is used exclusively by the buyer. It is a letter issued by the bank employed by the buyer which authorizes the bearer ( the supplier or seller ) to draw a stated amount of money from the issuing bank.16、物流中心是由一系列的综合物流活动、业务流程、物流设备和信息网络组成A logistics center consists of a series of integrated logistic activities, processes, equipments, and information network.19、物流联盟是指在物流供应商和客户之间建立长期的合作和业务关系Logistics alliance refers to the long term cooperation and business relationship between logistics suppliers and customers.22、物流的时间价值是指相同物品在不同的时间有不同的价值Time value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods at different time.23、物流的空间价值是指相同物品在不同的地点具有不同的价值Location value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods at different location.24、物流运输工具包括在物流过程中所使用的轮船、卡车、火车、飞机等Logistics vehicles include ships,trucks,trains and aircrafts used in the logistics process.29、第四方物流是物流网络的规划者和管理者，而第三方物流是物流服务的提供商，比如运输和仓储Fourth Part Logistics is the planner and manager for logistics network,while Third Part Logistics is the supplier of logistics service, like transport and storage.30、供应链是供应商与顾客之间的联系，在供应链中，供应商排在购买者、销售者和顾客的前面Supply Chain is the relationship between suppliers and customers. In the supply chain, suppliers rank before buyer, seller and customers.33、由于在物流过程中存在着现在的伤害和危险，比如火灾、偷盗、搬运损害、甚至是自然灾害，保险对于物流来说是很重要的Insurance is very important to logistics because of the potential hazards and dangers in the process, such as fore, theft, handling damage and even the natural disasters.34、与其他经济活动一样，物流成本包括固定成本、变动成本和管理成本Costs for logistics are similar to all other businesses and include fixed cost, variable cost and management cost.38、信用证是为了进口方的利益而有买方银行签发的Letter of Credit is issued by the buy er’s bank for the importer’s benefit.43、物流信息是指所有的物流知识、资料、图形图像、数据和文件Logistics information refers general logistics knowledge, material, images, data and documentation.47、流通加工价值是通过改变货物的长度、厚度和包装获得的物品增值Distribution processing value is the valued added by changing the length, thickness and package of goods.48、通讯是所有的物流过程与顾客联系在了一起Communication links the entire logistics process with customers.二、储存功能8、经常库存是基于最大需要的最大库存Cycle stock is the maximum inventory based on the maximum needs.11、库存控制是确定最优的库存水平和库存地点，以最低的成本满足客户服务需求的方法Inventory control is the method to keep the base inventory level and position with the minimum cost to satisfy the demand.14、检验是根据合同和具体的标准检查货物的数量、质量和包装Inspection is the operation to check the quantity, quality and package of the goods according to the contract and specific standards.15、存储在仓库中用于配送和销售的货物叫库存Goods that are stored in warehouses for distribution and sales are called inventory.18、商检是对进出口商品的数量、质量、包装、生产地、安全和卫生条件进行检查的过程Commodity inspection is the process in which exported and imported goods are examined for their quantity, quality, package, place of production, safety and hygiene conditions.三、运输功能1、班轮运输有三个特定的组成：固定港口、固定路线以及事先发布的船期Liner transport has three specific components: fixed ports, fixed routes and announcing shipping time in advance.3、海上运输的代理公司称为船务代理The broker company in ocean transportation is called shipping agency.8、空回程车意味着运输车辆，比如飞机和卡车，在单程中没有运载旅客或货物Deadhead means a vehicle, such as an aircraft and truck that transports no passengers or freight during single trip.16、TEU和FEU都是海上运输经常使用的集装箱TEU and FEU both are containers which are used in ocean transportation frequently.17、提单是货主和承运人之间运输合同的证明Bill of Lading is the evidence of the contract of carriage between carrier and shipper.19、运输代理包括航空和地面运输代理、托运人协会和运输经纪人Transport agencies include air and surface freight forwarders shippers’ associations and transport brokers.23、无船承运人也是承运人，因为它能开具提单NVOCC is also a carrier because it can open B/L.26、门到门运输是指承运人在托运人的仓库接收货物，并把货物运送到收货人的仓库Door –to– door delivery refers to carrier picking up the goods from shipper’s warehouse and delivers it to consignee’ s warehouse.27、集装箱化能加快物流进程，例如搬运、装卸、储存和运输Containerization can speed up the logistics process, such handling, loading, and unloading, storing and transport.33、运输货物可以分为三类、整车货、零担货、集装箱货There are three kinds of freight in transport: full—car load, less—than—truckload and container.38、国际卡车运输限于边境相连的国家之间，像美国和墨西哥，或者是距离很近的WTO成员之间，如中国大陆、香港、澳门International transportation by trucks is limited between the joint border countries like US and Mexico or closely located WTO member like mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao.40、运输决策是根据运输目的、运输路线、日程安排、货物组配，选择运输方式和承运人的过程Transportation decision is referred to the transportation models and carriers selected for delivery, vehicle routing, scheduling, and freight grouping.四、物流信息管理5、虚拟物流是运用计算机技术和网络进行管理的Virtual logistics is the management by computer technology and Internet.6、在计算机技术中，数据仓库是一个虚拟的数据系统Data Warehousing is virtual data system in computer technology.8、全球定位系统利用卫星跟踪为移动设备，如卡车、轮船和飞机定位Global Positioning System directs the mobile equipments, like trucks, ships and aircrafts by satellite tracking.9、网上销售的主要应用是B2B和B2CThe main application of E—selling is in B2B and B2C.11、在物流信息系统中，EDI发挥了最重要的作用In the logistics information system, EDI plays the most important role.五、配送1、送货是指把货物送到顾客指定的地点并收取运费Delivery refers to sending goods to the destination specified by buyers and collection of the transportation costs.2、共同配送是使用同一运输工具按最经济的路线为不同的货主配送货物Joint distribution refers to delivering goods for different shippers using the same vehicle by the most ecomonic route.5、配送中心是一个短期的存储中心，它紧靠主要市场，以方便客户订单的快速处理和向客户运送商品Distribution center is a short—term storage center located close to a major market to facilitate the rapid processing of orders and shipment of goods to customers.7、在国际物流市场中，区域性的配送中心为供应链管理、仓库管理、以及海上、航空货物运输提供定制解决方案The regional distribution center provides customized solution for supply chain management, warehousing and sea, air freight transport in the international logistics market.七、物流设施、物流工具、物流操作2、叉车非常适宜于装卸物品Forklift truck is very convenient equipment for loading and unloading goods.4、20英尺单位的集装箱称为标准集装箱A twenty-foot Unit is called a standard container.6、立体仓库有三个部分组成：仓库、高层货架和堆垛机Stereoscopic warehouse has three parts: warehouse, high story and stacker.11、检查货物不仅要检查数量，还要检查质量Cargo inspection is not only to examine the goods quantity, but also quality.15、拼箱是用于运输多个托运人和多个收货人货物的一种方式Less-than Container is the mode which can be used to ship goods for more than one shippers and consignees.18、皮带输送机广泛应用在仓库和配送中心的作业中，是许多分拣系统的基本的搬运设备Conveyors are used widely in the operations of warehouse and distribution center and form the basic handling device for a number of selection systems.21、标准集装箱是货物存储和运输的设备，可装载货物16到26吨，或者30到60立方米Standardized containers are storage and transportation equipments that may load the cargo of 16 to26 tons or in 30 to 60 cubic meters.八、逆向物流1、循环物流是逆向物流的一部分Recycle logistics is the part of reverse logistics.2、逆向物流是处理返品、回收可利用的物料和处理废物的过程Reverse logistics is the process to handle returned goods, recycle useful materials and dispose waste goods.4、绿色物流对环境保护非常重要Green logistics is very important to the environmental protection.6、循环物流是从已使用的物品中分类、处理、收集有利用价值部分的过程Recycle logistics is the process to sort, treat and collect the valuable parts from used products.九、其他3、在物流中，理货是清点和检查货物Tally is to count and inspect goods in logistics.7、在国际贸易中，CIF和FOB是两个主要的国际惯例CIF and FOB are two major terms in the international trade.8、虚拟物流建立在物流网络基础上，但比物流操作更为计算机化和系统化Virtual logistics is based on logistics network, but more computerized and systematized than logistics operation.9、物料需求计划是制造工厂中控制物料消耗数量和降低库存的管理系统MRP(Material Requirement Planning) is the management system to control the amount of material consumed and to reduce inventory in the manufacturing company.10、企业资源计划是在满足市场需求的情况下经济合理地分配企业所有资源ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) is the management system to distribute all resources economically, while satisfying the demand of the market.20、电子数据交换是指商业文件以一种标准化的格式在计算机到计算机的信息共享Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) refer to a computer-to-computer information sharing of business documents in a standard format.21、虚拟仓库不是现实的物流网络，而是建立在仓库管理基础之上的一个信息网络Virtual warehousing is not real logistics network but an information network based on warehouse management.27、配送中心是一个大的高度自动化多存储系统的建筑设施，目的是接收来自不同供应商的货物，接受客户订单，有效进行集装箱的装箱，尽快地把货物送到顾客手中并且尽量让客户满意Distribution center is a large and highly automated multi-store building destined to receive goods from various suppliers, take orders, fill them in container efficiently, deliver goods to the customer as quickly and satisfyingly as possible.28、B2C是企业与它的最终用户直接进行交流和商业联系的电子商务方式。
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