英国文学史期末复习笔记
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英美文学史期末复习笔记
英国 美国
1.伊丽莎白时期的文学 1.殖民地时期文学
2.17世纪和18世纪的文学 2.浪漫主义文学
3.浪漫主义时期 3.现实主义文学
4.维多利亚时期 4.自然主义文学
5.20世纪的小说与诗歌 5.20世纪20年代的诗歌与小说
6.二战后的诗歌 6.二战后的诗歌与小说
7.二战后的小说 7.美国戏剧梳理
8.少数族裔文学
1.Definition of epic
An epic is a long narrative poem.
2.Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里。乔叟
the father of English poetry(literature) 英国文学之父
the heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵)lines in
iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)AA BB CC DD EE
代表作:The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事（英国文学史的开端）
文艺复兴时期The Renaissance(1500-1660)
1.the definition of Renaissance
Renaissance first rose in Italy in the 14th century and came to a flowering in the
15th and then in the 16th century it spread to other countries, notably France and
thence to Germany and England and Spain and the other countries.
核心：humanism ：admire human beauty and human achievement.
文艺复兴三杰：达芬奇，米开朗琪罗，拉斐尔
2.William Shakespeare(1564-1616)
He is actor, playwright;totally 37 plays
Four great tragedies:Hamlet (哈姆雷特)
Othello(奥赛罗)
King Lear(李尔王)
Macbeth(麦克白)
Four great comedies:The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》
A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》
As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》
Twelfth night 《第十二夜》
Ben Johson dedicated a poem in praise of him:“… Soul of the age.He was not of an
age, but for all time”.
3.Sonnet(十四行诗）
Sonnet is a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length: iambic(抑扬格的) pentameters（五步格诗） in English. The English sonnet (also called the
Shakespearen sonnet after its foremost practitinoner) comprises three quatrains (四行诗)and a final couplet（对句），rhyming ababcdcdefef. An important variant of this is
the Spenserian sonnet (introduced by Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser ), which
links the three quatrains by rhyme, in the sequence ababbabccdcdee. In either form,
the turn comes with the final couplet, which may sometimes achieve the neatness of
an epigram.
4.metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌）
The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th
century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.Metaphysical poets
tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The
name given to a diverse group of 17th-century English poets whose work is notable
for its ingenious (精致的)use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising
conceits(幻想), strange paradoxes, and far-reaching imagery, argumentative
abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of
Elizabethan love lyrics. T.S Eliot and others revived their reputation, stressing their
quality of wit, in the sense of intellectual strenuousness and flexibility rather than
smart humor.
Its main features:the diction is simpleThe imagery is drawn from the actual
lifeThe form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God,
or with himself.
5.John Donne(1572-1631)
View of poetry: A blend of emotion and intellectual ingenuity, characterized by
conceit or "wit".
The most striking feature of Donne’s poetry is its tang of reality, in the sense that it
seems to reflect life in a real rather than a poetical world.
Special features: Conceits;wit;imagery;dramatic and conversational style.
代表作：the flea《跳蚤》
6.Francis Bacon(1561-1626)
He is the precursor of materialism英国唯物主义的始祖（马克思和恩格斯语）；also
the founder of modern science；the first British essayist.
作品：Essays《随笔》(of studies is the most famous one of them)
7.John Milton
Defense for the English People为英国人辩护;blank verse 素体诗
作品：Paradise Lost失乐园
Paradise Regained复乐园
18世纪的启蒙主义文学
1.the definition of enlightenment
A general term applied to the movement of intellectual liberation that develop in
Western Europe from the late 17th Century to the late 18th century.(the period is
often called the Age of Reason), especially in France and Switzerland.
The enlightenment culminated(使达到顶峰) with the writings of Jeans-Jacques
Rousseau and the Encyclopedia（百科全书）, the philosophy of Immanuel(以马内利，基督的别称) Kant, and the political ideas of the American and French Revolutions
while the forerunners in science and philosophy included Bacon, Descartes, Newton,
and Locke. Its central idea was the need and the capacity of human reason to clear away ancient superstition, prejudice, dogma and injustice.
Literary features:
Classicism: As a critical term, classicism is a body of doctrine thought to be
derived from or to reflect the qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture,
