10GB以太网应用指南

10G EPON解决方案概述：10G EPON（Ethernet Passive Optical Network）是一种基于以太网技术的被动光纤接入网络，它提供了高速、高带宽的数据传输能力。

本文将详细介绍10G EPON 解决方案的技术原理、优势和应用场景。

一、技术原理：10G EPON采用了一对一的光分复用方式，即每个用户端独享一条光纤，通过光纤传输数据。

光信号在OLT（Optical Line Terminal）和ONU（Optical Network Unit）之间进行传输，OLT负责光信号的发送和接收，ONU负责光信号的接收和解析。

在10G EPON解决方案中，OLT和ONU之间采用了TDMA（Time Division Multiple Access）技术，将时间划分为多个时隙，每个时隙用于传输一个ONU的数据。

这样可以实现多个用户同时接入网络，提高网络的带宽利用率。

二、优势：1. 高速传输：10G EPON提供了10Gbps的传输速率，远远超过了传统的EPON 网络，能够满足用户对高带宽的需求。

2. 高带宽利用率：采用TDMA技术，多个用户可以同时接入网络，提高了网络的带宽利用率，降低了网络的延迟。

3. 灵活性：10G EPON支持灵活的业务配置，可以根据用户的需求进行灵活的带宽分配和业务隔离。

4. 易于升级：10G EPON可以通过软件升级的方式进行扩展和升级，无需更换硬件设备，降低了网络升级的成本。

三、应用场景：1. 宽带接入：10G EPON可以为家庭用户提供高速的宽带接入服务，满足用户对高带宽的需求，支持高清视频、在线游戏等应用。

2. 企业接入：10G EPON可以为企业用户提供高速、稳定的网络接入，支持大规模数据传输和云计算等应用。

3. 移动回传：10G EPON可以作为移动网络的回传网络，为移动基站提供高速、可靠的传输通道，支持大规模的移动数据传输。

结论：10G EPON解决方案是一种高速、高带宽的光纤接入网络方案，具有高带宽利用率、灵活性和易于升级的优势。

Dell 10Gb Ethernet Pass Through -k for M1000eUser ManualRev 1.016 Port Pass Through ModuleDocument Number: 3303Rev 1.02____________________Information in this SXEOLFDWLRQ is subject to change without notice.© 2010 Dell Inc. All rights reserved.Reproduction of these materials in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of Dell Inc. is strictly forbidden.Trademarks used in this text: Dell™, the DELL logo, and PowerEdge™ are trademarks of Dell Inc.Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this SXEOLFDWLRQ to refer to either the entities claiming the mark and names or their products. Dell Inc. disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own. Dec. 2010Rev: A00Dell -10GbE PTM Rev 1.0 Table of ContentsIntended Audience 5Conventions 5 Chapter 1 Overview 61.1 Features 61.2 Serial Number and Product Version Information 7 Chapter 2 Installation and Basic Operation 82.1 Unpacking the Pass Through Module 82.2 Insertion and Removal of the PTM 82.2.1 PTM Insertion 82.2.2 PTM Removal 92.3 Connecting the External Ports 92.3.1 10 Gigabit Ethernet SFP+ Modules 92.3.2 Installation and Removal of Optical Transceiver Modules 92.4 LED Indicators 102.4.1 System LEDs 102.4.2 Port LEDs 102.4.3 Installation Safety Warnings 122.4.4 Mechanical Installation 132.4.5 Cable Installation 13 Chapter 3 Troubleshooting 14 Appendix A Specifications15A.1Mechanical Drawing with Dimensions 17 Appendix B Supported Cables and Media Types18 Appendix C EMC Certification Statements19C.1FCC Statements (USA) 19C.2EN Statements (Europe) 19C.3ICES Statements (Canada) 20C.4VCCI Statements (Japan) 20C.5KCC Certification (Korea) 20 Appendix D Interface Connector Pinouts22D.1SFP+ Interface 223Rev 1.04Related DocumentationThe documentation set accompanying the DEll Pass Through Module includes the following:Table 1 - Reference Documents and Web SitesRevision HistoryFirmware and Firmware Update ToolsDell Pass Through Module Software User Manual Latest Supported Cables and Optical ModulesSee Supported Cables and Media Types on page 18 in this documentTable 2 - Revision HistoryRevisionDateDescription1.0April 01st, 2011Initial ReleaseDell -10GbE PTM Rev 1.05About this ManualThis manual describes the installation and basic use of the Dell 10Gb Ethernet Pass Through -k 16 port module for blade servers.Intended AudienceThis manual is intended for users and system administrators responsible for installing and setting up the Dell 10Gb Ethernet Pass Through -k module for blade servers.ConventionsThe terms downlink (internal–from servers) and uplink (external–out to the world) are used throughout the document.The term PTM is used to indicate the Dell 10Gb Ethernet Pass Through -k module.Caution: This symbol indicates the possibility of physical injury to the user or installer.OverviewRev 1.061OverviewThe PTM is an I/O module designed for the PowerEdge M1000e Dell Chassis. The product pro-vides 10Gigabit connectivity for blade servers to Ethernet LANs. The product supports the follow-ing Ethernet protocols.Each front panel port provides connectivity to the blade with the corresponding number in the chassis.Figure 1: Dell 10Gb Ethernet Pass Through -k module Front Panel1.1FeaturesThe PTM feature set includes:Internal Links•16 ports of 10Gb Ethernet 10GBASE-KR through the backplane External links•16 SFP+ front panel ports of 10Gb Ethernet IEEE and Other Ethernet Standards Compliance •IEEE 802.3ae 10Gigabit Ethernet support•IEEE 802.3ap Ethernet Operation over Electrical Backplanes•Including KR startup protocol and Forward Error Correction (FEC) support •Supports KR auto-negotiation •Jumbo Frames up to 9K support Connectors and Cabling •Twin Axial Pair connector •Optical modules for SR and LR •All ports support active cablesTable 3 - ProtocolsPhysical ConnectionsPass Through -k ProtocolBlade Servers to PTM (Internal Links)KR Front Panel Ports (External Links)10G XFIDell -10GbE PTM Rev 1.07Front Panel Indicators•Per port status LEDs: Link Up, Link Activity •System status LEDs: Power Supply, Status1.2Serial Number and Product Version InformationThe serial number and product version information are found on the label seen in the figure below.Figure 2: Generic Product labelInstallation and Basic OperationRev 1.082Installation and Basic Operation2.1Unpacking the Pass Through ModuleBefore you install your new PTM, unpack it and make sure that there is no visible damage that may have occurred during shipping. Your package should contain the following items:•Dell 10Gb Ethernet Pass Through -k module for Blade Servers •This Users ManualThe PTM is shipped without optical modules.If anything in the package is damaged or missing, please contact your customer representative immediately.2.2Insertion and Removal of the PTMThe Dell 10Gb Ethernet Pass Through -k module may be plugged into fabric slots A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2.Determine which slot to use, based on desired system configuration.2.2.1PTM InsertionInsert the PTM into the chassis as shown in the following diagram:Figure 3: Dell Chassis Slots for the PTMSlot A1Slot B1Slot C1Slot A2Slot B2Slot C2Dell -10GbE PTM Rev 1.0 The PTM supports hot-insertion into the chassis. If the PTM is inserted to a powered chassis, thepower LED (green) should turn on immediately.2.2.2PTM RemovalThe PTM supports hot-removal. It may be removed when the chassis is powered on or off.The PTM must not be removed during a firmware update process.Note: Firmware update is in progress when the Yellow LED is blinking.2.3Connecting the External PortsThe PTM front panel presents 16 SFP+ ports. Each port provides connectivity to a server with therespective number. Figure 4 shows the front panel view of the PTM.Figure 4: Dell 10Gb Ethernet Pass Through -k module Front Panel2.3.110 Gigabit Ethernet SFP+ ModulesThe PTM supports SFP+ modules for 10 Gigabit Ethernet, with 10GBASE-SR and 10GBASE-LRPHYs. SFP+ modules must be approved for use with this PTM. Modules not approved may notwork. See Supported Cables and Media Types on page 19 for lists of approved Direct AttachedCopper cables (DACs) and optical modules.2.3.2Installation and Removal of Optical Transceiver ModulesOptical transceiver modules have a locking mechanism which can be opened or closed.To insert the module into the cage:1.Open the module’s locking mechanism.2.Make sure that the male connectors on the module aligns with the female connector inside ofthe cage. Also check that there is no dirt or foreign matter in the module or in the cage.3.Insert the module into the adapter card module cage.4.Close the locking Mechanism.To remove the module from the cage:1.Unlock the locking mechanism by opening the handle.2.Pull the module out of the cage.9Installation and Basic OperationRev 1.0102.4LED Indicators2.4.1System LEDsThe system status LEDs indicate whether the PTM is receiving power from the chassis, and the state of the PTM.There are two system LEDs on the end of the module. The LED indications and meanings are explained in the figure and table below.Figure 5: Indicator LEDsTable 4 - PTM states and LED configurations:2.4.2Port LEDsThe PTM has two I/O LEDs per port. The I/O LEDs are located on the I/O panel. The green LED, when lit, indicates that the driver is running and a valid physical connection between nodes exists. If the green LED is blinking, it indicates a problem with the physical link. The yellow LED when lit, indicates a valid data activity link, this is the logical link. The yellow LED illuminates when theThe IO Module is on and ready when this LED is green.This LED can be blue or Yel-low. A fault is indicated when the Yellow LED is blinking. See Table 4.Dell -10GbE PTM Rev 1.0 network is discovered over the physical link. A valid data activity link without data transfer is des-ignated by a constant yellow LED indication. A valid data activity link with data transfer is desig-nated by a blinking yellow LED indication. If the LEDs are not active, either the physical link orthe logical link (or both) connections have not been established.Figure 6: Physical and Logical Link IndicationsInstallation and Basic OperationRev 1.02.4.3Installation Safety Warnings1.Installation Instructions2.Over-temperature3.During Lightning - Electrical Hazard4.Copper Direct Attached SFP+ Cable Connecting/Disconnecting5. Equipment Installation6.Equipment Disposal7.Local and National Electrical Codes8.Hazardous Radiation ExposureRead all installation instructions before connecting the equip-ment to the power source.This equipment should not be operated in an area with an ambi-ent temperature exceeding the maximum recommended: 40°C (104°F). An air flow of 9CFM at this maximum ambient temper-ature is required.During periods of lightning activity, do not work on the equip-ment or connect or disconnect cables.Copper Direct Attached SFP+ cables are heavy and not flexible,as such they should be carefully attached to or detached from the connectors. Refer to the cable manufacturer for special warnings and instructions.This equipment should be installed, replaced, or serviced only by trained and qualified personnel.Disposal of this equipment should be in accordance to all national laws and regulations.This equipment should be installed in compliance with local and national electrical codes.Caution – Use of controls or adjustment or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiationexposure.Dell -10GbE PTM Rev 1.02.4.4Mechanical Installation2.4.4.1To install the PTM1.Make sure that there is no foreign matter or dirt in the back plane connector or in the chassis slot.2.Push the PTM into the chassis. Make sure that the ears on the latch hook onto the latching bar.3.Push the latch handle towards the orange latch release until it locks.2.4.4.2To remove the PTM1.Push the orange latch release and the latch handle will pop out2.Pull the handle out until it is 90 degrees from the front of the PTM.3.Pull the PTM out of the chassis.2.4.5Cable InstallationAll cables can be inserted or removed with the unit powered on. To insert a cable, press the con-nector into the port receptacle until the connector is firmly seated. The GREEN LED indicator, above each SFP+ port, will light when the physical connection is established (that is, when the unit is powered on and a cable is plugged into the port with the other end of the connector plugged into a functioning port). After plugging in a cable, lock the connector using the latching mechanism particular to the cable vendor. When a logical connection is made the yellow light will come on. When data is being transferred the yellow light will blink.To remove, disengage the locks and slowly pull the connector away from the port receptacle. Both LED indicators will turn off when the cable is unseated.Cable lengths should be used which allow for routing horizontally around to the side of the chassis before bending upward or downward in the rack.CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT and reference to the most recent laser standards:IEC 60825-1:2007/03 y EN 60825-1:2007Always install and remove cables by pushing or pulling the cable and connector in a straight line with the pass through module.Cables, especially long copper cables, can weigh a substantial amount. Make sure that the weight of the cable is supported on its own and not hanging from the pass through module.Rev 1.0Troubleshooting 3TroubleshootingAs soon as a pass through module is plugged in make sure that the status LED shows green.The power LED for the pass through module shuts off:1.Check that the there is adequate ventilation.2.Make sure that there is nothing blocking the front or rear of the chassis and that the fan mod-ules and ventilation holes are not blocked (especially dust over the holes).3.If you find dust blocking the holes it is recommended to clean the fan unit and remove the dustfrom the front and rear panels of the pass through module using a vacuum cleaner.4.Remove and Reinstall the PTM.Rev 1.0Appendix A: SpecificationsTable 5 - Dell 10Gb Ethernet Pass Through Module Specification DataPhysical Power and EnvironmentalSize:W X D X HWeight:SerDes Speeds:Connectors andCabling:Optical Cable: External Port Types: Internal Port Types:Air Flow:24.7 cm X 28.5 cm X 2.9 cm1.978kg10 Gb/s per portSFP+Direct attached copper cables sup-portedOptical cables supportedDAC (SFP+)KR3CFM @ 30o C ambient temperature9CFM @ 40o C ambient temperatureMaximumPower:Typ Power:Temperature:Humidity:Altitude:Shock:Vibration:Power throughSFP+:Latency:Latency (with-out FEC)Latency (withFEC)40.55W passive cables56.73W active cables34.41W passive cables50.59W active cables0° to 40° Celsius10% - 90% non-condensingmax 1W per port90ns290ns(FEC is an optional require-ment in IEEE802.3ap).Dell -10GbE PTM Rev 1.0 Protocol Support Regulatory ComplianceEthernet: Blade Servers to PTM (InternalLinks):QoS:IEEE 802.3ae 10Gigabit EthernetsupportIEEE 802.3ap Ethernet Operationover Electrical Backplanes8 Priority Queues for EthernetSafety:EMC(Emissions):Environmental:UL60950C-UL to CAN/CSA 22 2No.60950-1TUV/GS to EN 60950-1,Amendment A1-A4, A11CB-IEC60950-1, all coun-try deviationsCC 47CFR Part 15 Class AEN 55022 Class AICES-003 Class AVCCI Class AAS/NZS CISPR 22 Class ACISPR 22 Class AEN 55024EN 300386CEEU: IEC 60068-2-64: Ran-dom VibrationEU: IEC 60068-2-29:Shocks, Type I / IIEU: IEC 60068-2-32: FallTestTable 5 - Dell 10Gb Ethernet Pass Through Module Specification Data Physical Power and EnvironmentalRev 1.0A.1: Mechanical Drawing with DimensionsAll dimensions are in centimeters.Figure 7: Mechanical Drawing24.723.05.52.9Dell -10GbE PTM Rev 1.0 Appendix B: Supported Cables and Media TypesThe following cables and optical modules are approved for the Dell PTM.Table 6 - Direct Attached Cables (DAC)DPN Reference Length (m)Speed Molex Custom PNK585N SFP-H10GB-CU1M 110.3125Gbps74752-9093J564N SFP-H10GB-CU3M 310.3125Gbps74752-9094H603N SFP-H10GB-CU5M 510.3125Gbps74752-9096G840N SFP-H10GB-CU7M 710.3125Gbps74752-9098R620M30 AWG0.510.3125Gbps74752-1051G692K30 AWG110.3125Gbps74752-1101P540M30 AWG210.3125Gbps74752-1201Y984J28 AWG310.3125Gbps74752-2301N651M28 AWG410.3125Gbps74752-2401C855K28 AWG510.3125Gbps74752-3501Table 7 - Optical ModulesDPN Reference Speed ManufacturerN743D ASSY,XCVR,SFP+,LC-LC,SFP+SR10.3125Gbps FinisarT307D ASSY,XCVR,SFP+,LC-LC,SFP+LR10.3125Gbps FinisarW365M ASSY,XCVR,SFP+,LC-LC,SFP+SR,A V10.3125Gbps AvagoW373M ASSY,XCVR,SFP+,LC-LC,SFP+LR,AV10.3125Gbps AvagoRev 1.0Appendix C: EMC Certification StatementsTable 8 lists the approved certification status per bridge in different regions of the world.C.1: FCC Statements (USA)Class A Statements:§ 15.21StatementWarning! Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by the partyresponsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.§15.105(a) StatementNOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable pro-tection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio commu-nications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.C.2: EN Statements (Europe)EN55022 Class A Statement:Table 8 - Bridge Certification StatusPass through Module P/NFCC Class (USA)EN Class (Europe)ICES Class (Canada)VCCI (Japan)cTUVus KCC CB c-TickDell 10GbE Pass Through -kAAAAWarning: This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this productmay cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measuresmeasures.Dell -10GbE PTM Rev 1.0C.3: ICES Statements (Canada)Class A Statement:“This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.”C.4: VCCI Statements (Japan)Class A Statement:C.4.1: Translation"This is a Class A product based on the standard of the Voluntary Control Council for Interferenceby Information Technology Equipment (VCCI). If this equipment is used in a domestic environ-ment, radio interference may occur, in which case the user may be required to take corrective actions."C.5: KCC Certification (Korea)Korea's "Regulation for Certification of Information and Communication Equipment," requiresEMC testing and certification for many electronic products. Korean EMC certifications are issued by Radio Research Laboratory (RRL), which is organized under the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC). EMC testing includes electromagnetic emissions (EMI) and susceptibil-ity (EMS). Certified equipment is labeled with the MIC mark and certification number.Rev 1.0C.5.1: Translation:“Class A Device This device is registered for EMC requirements for industrial use. The seller or buyer should be aware of this. If this type was sold or purchased by mistake, it should be replaced with a residential-use type.”22Dell -10GbE PTM Rev 1.023Appendix D: Interface Connector PinoutsD.1: SFP+ InterfaceFigure 8: SFP+ Connector Pinout - Rear View of Module With Pin PlacementTable 9 - SFP+ PinoutPinSymbol NameDescription1 VeeT Transmitter Ground (Common with Receiver Ground) a2 TX_Fault Transmitter Fault.b3 TX_Disable Transmitter Disable. Laser output disabled on high or open. c 4SDA2-wire Serial Interface Data Line d 5 SCL 2-wire Serial Interface Clock Line d6 MOD_ABS Module Absent. Grounded within the module d7 RS0 No connection required8 RX_LOS Loss of Signal indication. Logic 0 indicates normal operation. e 9RS1No connection required10 VeeR Receiver Ground (Common with Transmitter Ground) a 11 VeeR Receiver Ground (Common with Transmitter Ground)a 12 RD-Receiver Inverted DATA out. AC Coupled 13 RD+ Receiver Non-inverted DATA out. AC Coupled 14VeeRReceiver Ground (Common with Transmitter Ground) aRev 1.02415 VccR Receiver Power Supply16 VccT Transmitter Power Supply17 VeeT Transmitter Ground (Common with Receiver Ground) a18 TD+ Transmitter Non-Inverted DATA in. AC Coupled.19 TD- Transmitter Inverted DATA in. AC Coupled.20 VeeT Transmitter Ground (Common with Receiver Ground)aa. Circuit ground is internally isolated from chassis ground.b.T FAULT is an open collector/drain output, which should be pulled up with a 4.7k – 10kOhms resistor on the host board if intended for use. Pull up voltage should be between 2.0V to Vcc + 0.3V. A high output indicates a transmitter fault caused by either the TX bias cur-rent or the TX output power exceeding the preset alarm thresholds. A low output indicates normal operation. In the low state, the output is pulled to <0.8V.c. Laser output disabled on TDIS >2.0V or open, enabled on TDIS <0.8Vd.Should be pulled up with 4.7kΩ – 10kΩ on host board to a voltage between 2.0V and 3.6V.MOD_ABS pulls line low to indicate module is plugged in.e.LOS is open collector output. Should be pulled up with 4.7kΩ – 10kΩ on host board to avoltage between 2.0V and 3.6V. Logic 0 indicates normal operation; logic 1 indicates loss of signal.Table 9 - SFP+ PinoutPin Symbol Name Description。

10G EPON解决方案1. 简介10G EPON（Ethernet Passive Optical Network）是一种基于以太网技术的被动光纤接入网络解决方案，能够提供高带宽、高速率的数据传输服务。

本文将详细介绍10G EPON解决方案的技术原理、优势和应用场景。

2. 技术原理10G EPON采用了一种被动光纤网络架构，其中包括OLT（Optical Line Terminal）和ONU（Optical Network Unit）两个主要组件。

OLT负责管理整个网络，提供上行和下行数据传输的功能；ONU则是终端用户接入设备，负责将光信号转化为电信号，并与终端设备进行数据交互。

在10G EPON网络中，OLT和ONU之间通过光纤传输数据。

OLT通过光纤向ONU发送下行数据，ONU则通过光纤将上行数据发送回OLT。

这种光纤传输方式可以提供高速率和高带宽的数据传输，满足现代网络应用对大数据传输的需求。

3. 优势10G EPON解决方案具有以下优势：3.1 高速率和高带宽：10G EPON能够提供高达10Gbps的下行速率和10Gbps的上行速率，满足大规模数据传输的需求。

3.2 灵活性：10G EPON支持多种业务接入方式，包括以太网、IP、视频等，可以适应不同应用场景的需求。

3.3 节约成本：10G EPON采用被动光纤网络架构，不需要使用光电转换器等主动设备，降低了网络建设和维护的成本。

3.4 可靠性：10G EPON采用光纤传输，具有抗干扰、抗电磁干扰等特性，提供稳定可靠的数据传输服务。

4. 应用场景10G EPON解决方案广泛应用于以下场景：4.1 宽带接入：10G EPON可以为家庭用户提供高速宽带接入服务，支持高清视频、在线游戏等大流量应用。

4.2 企业网络：10G EPON可以满足企业对高速率、高带宽的数据传输需求，提供稳定可靠的网络连接。

4.3 数据中心：10G EPON可以为数据中心提供高速率的数据传输服务，支持大规模数据存储和处理。

®IBM Flex System EN4054 4-port 10Gb Ethernet AdapterIBM Redbooks Product GuideThe IBM Flex System EN4054 4-port 10Gb Ethernet Adapter is for Power System-based Flex System compute nodes that are based on an Emulex chipset. It supports connectivity to 1 Gb and 10 Gb Ethernet Flex System switches.Figure 1 shows the adapter.Figure 1. IBM Flex System EN4054 4-port 10Gb Ethernet AdapterDid you know?This EN4054 is based on industry-standard PCIe architecture and offers the flexibility to operate as a quad-port 10Gb or 1Gb Ethernet device. The adapter connects to any of the integrated Flex System Ethernet switches and I/O modules that are installed inside the Flex System Enterprise Chassis. This connectivity is via the internal midplane of the chassis and eliminates the need for transceivers or DAC cables between the adapter and switch.Ordering informationIBM Flex System is a new category of computing that integrates multiple server architectures, networking, storage, and system management capability into a single system that is easy to deploy and manage. IBM Flex System has full built-in virtualization support of servers, storage, and networking to speed provisioning and increased resiliency. In addition, it supports open industry standards, such as operating systems, networking and storage fabrics, virtualization, and system management protocols, to easily fit within existing and future data center environments. IBM Flex System is scalable and extendable with multi-generation upgrades to protect and maximize IT investments.The following table lists the ordering information for the adapter.Table 1. Ordering informationDescription Feature codeIBM Flex System EN4054 4-port 10Gb Ethernet Adapter1762FeaturesThe adapter includes the following features:Four-port 10 Gb Ethernet adapter●Dual-ASIC Emulex BladeEngine 3 (BE3) controller●Connection to 1 Gb or 10 Gb data center infrastructure (1 Gb and 10 Gb auto-negotiation)●PCI Express 2.0 x8 host interface●Full-duplex (FDX) capability●Bus-mastering support●Direct memory access (DMA) support●Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) support●IPv4/IPv6 TCP, UDP checksum offload:●Large send offload (LSO)●Large receive offload●Receive side scaling (RSS)●IPv4 TCP Chimney Offload●TCP Segmentation Offload●VLAN insertion and extraction●Jumbo frames up to 9000 bytes●Load balancing and failover support, including adapter fault tolerance (AFT), switch fault tolerance●(SFT), adaptive load balancing (ALB), teaming support, and IEEE 802.3adEnhanced Ethernet (draft):●Enhanced Transmission Selection (ETS) (P802.1Qaz)●Priority-based Flow Control (PFC) (P802.1Qbb)●Data Center Bridging Capabilities eXchange Protocol, CIN-DCBX and CEE-DCBX (P802.1Qaz) ●Supports Serial over LAN (SoL)●Total Max Power: 23.1 W●Supported serversThe following table lists the IBM Flex System compute nodes that support the adapters.Table 2. Supported serversFor the latest information about the expansion cards that are supported by each blade server type, see this website:/servers/eserver/serverproven/compat/us/I/O adapter cards are installed in the slot in supported servers, such as the p270, as highlighted in the following figure.Figure 2. Location of the I/O adapter slots in the IBM Flex System p270 Compute NodeSupported I/O modulesThese adapters can be installed in any I/O adapter slot of a supported IBM Flex System compute node. One or two compatible 1 Gb or 10 Gb I/O modules must be installed in the corresponding I/O bays in the chassis. The following table lists the switches that are supported. When connected to the 1 Gb switch, the adapter operates at 1 Gb speeds. When connected to the 40 Gb switch, the adapter operates at 10 Gb speeds.To maximize the number of usable adapter ports, you also might need to order switch upgrades to enable more ports, as listed in the following table. Alternatively, for CN4093, EN4093R, and SI4093 switches, you can use Flexible Port Mapping, which is a new feature of Networking OS 7.8 that allows you to minimize the number of upgrades needed. For more information, see the Product Guides for the switches that are available at this website:/portals/flexsystem?Open&page=pg&cat=switchesThe table also specifies how many ports of the adapter are supported after the indicated upgrades are applied. Switches should be installed in pairs to maximize the number of ports enabled and to provide redundant network connections.Table 3. I/O modules and upgrades for use with the EN4054 adapterDescription Feature code(e-config)Port count(per pairof switches)IBM Flex System EN6131 40Gb Ethernet Switch ESW62IBM Flex System Fabric CN4093 10Gb Converged Scalable Switch + CN4093 10Gb Converged Scalable Switch (Upgrade 1) ESW2ESU14IBM Flex System Fabric EN4093R 10Gb Scalable Switch + EN4093 10Gb Scalable Switch (Upgrade 1)ESW735964IBM Flex System Fabric EN4093 10Gb Scalable Switch + EN4093 10Gb Scalable Switch (Upgrade 1)359335964IBM Flex System EN4091 10Gb Ethernet Pass-thru37002IBM Flex System Fabric SI4093 System Interconnect Module + SI4093 System Interconnect Module (Upgrade 1)ESWAESW84IBM Flex System EN2092 1Gb Ethernet Scalable Switch + EN2092 1Gb Ethernet Scalable Switch (Upgrade 1) 359835944Cisco Nexus B22 Fabric Extender for IBM Flex System ESWB2 IBM Flex System EN4023 10Gb Scalable Switch(Base switch has 24 port licenses; Upgrades 1 & 2 may be needed)ESWD4* This column indicates the number of adapter ports that will be active if indicated upgrades are installed.The following table shows the connections between adapters that are installed in the compute nodes to the switch bays in the chassis.Table 4. Adapter to I/O bay correspondenceI/O adapter slot in the serverPort on the adapter Corresponding I/O module bay in the chassis Port 1Module bay 1Port 2Module bay 2Port 3*Module bay 1Slot 1Port 4*Module bay 2Port 1Module bay 3Port 2Module bay 4Port 3*Module bay 3Slot 2Port 4*Module bay 4Port 1Module bay 1Port 2Module bay 2Port 3*Module bay 1Slot 3(full-wide compute nodes only)Port 4*Module bay 2Port 1Module bay 3Port 2Module bay 4Port 3*Module bay 3Slot 4(full-wide compute nodes only)Port 4*Module bay 4* Ports 3 and 4 require Upgrade 1 of the EN4093 10Gb or the EN2092 1Gb switch. The EN4091 Pass-thru and Cisco B22 supports only ports 1 and 2 (and only when two I/O modules are installed).The connections between the adapters that are installed in the compute nodes to the switch bays in the chassis are shown in the following figure. The figure shows half-wide servers, such as the p270 with two adapters, and full-wide servers, such as the p460 with four adapters.Figure 3. Logical layout of the interconnects between I/O adapters and I/O modulesOperating system supportThe EN4054 4-port 10Gb Ethernet Adapter supports the following operating systems: AIX 5L for POWER Version 5.3●AIX Version 6.1●AIX Version 7.1●IBM i 6.1●IBM i 7.1●IBM Virtual I/O Server●Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 for IBM POWER●Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 for IBM POWER●SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 11 for IBM POWER●Support for operating systems is based on the combination of the expansion card and the blade server on which it is installed. For more information about the specific versions and service packs that are supported, see the following IBM ServerProven website. Select the blade server, and then select the expansion card to see the supported operating systems:/systems/info/x86servers/serverproven/compat/us/WarrantyThere is a 1-year, customer-replaceable unit (CRU) limited warranty. When installed in a server, these adapters assume your system’s base warranty and any IBM ServicePac® upgrade.Physical specificationsThe adapter features the following dimensions and weight:Width: 100 mm (3.9 in)●Depth: 80 mm (3.1 in)●Weight: 13 g (0.3 lb)●The adapter features the following shipping dimensions and weight (approximate): Height: 58 mm (2.3 in)●Width: 229 mm (9.0 in)●Depth: 208 mm (8.2 in)●Weight: 0.4 kg (0.89 lb)●Regulatory complianceThe adapter conforms to the following standards:United States FCC 47 CFR Part 15, Subpart B, ANSI C63.4 (2003), Class A●United States UL 60950-1, Second Edition●IEC/EN 60950-1, Second Edition●FCC - Verified to comply with Part 15 of the FCC Rules, Class A●Canada ICES-003, issue 4, Class A●UL/IEC 60950-1●CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1-03●Japan VCCI, Class A●Australia/New Zealand AS/NZS CISPR 22:2006, Class A●IEC 60950-1(CB Certificate and CB Test Report)●Taiwan BSMI CNS13438, Class A●Korea KN22, Class A; KN24●Russia GOST ME01, IEC-60950-1, GOST R 51318.22-99, GOST R 51318.24-99, GOST R●51317.3.2-2006, and GOST R 51317.3.3-99IEC 60950-1 (CB Certificate and CB Test Report)●CE Mark (EN55022 Class A, EN60950-1, EN55024, EN61000-3-2, and EN61000-3-3)●CISPR 22, Class A●Popular configurationsThe adapters can be used in various configurations. The following figure shows two EN4054 4-port 10Gb Ethernet Adapters installed in both slots of the p270, which in turn is installed in the chassis. The chassis also has four IBM Flex System Fabric EN4093R 10Gb Scalable Switches, each with Upgrade 1 installed to enable 28 internal ports.Figure 4. Example configurationThe following table lists the parts that are used in the configuration.Table 5. Components that are used when the adapter is connected to the 10 GbE switchesMachine type / Feature code Description Quantity1 - 147954-24X IBM Flex System p270 Compute Node or othersupported server1762IBM Flex System EN4054 4-port 10Gb Ethernet2 per serverAdapter7893-92X IBM Flex System Enterprise Chassis14ESW7IBM Flex System Fabric EN4093R 10Gb ScalableSwitch43596IBM Flex System Fabric EN4093 10Gb ScalableSwitch (Upgrade 1)Related publicationsFor more information, see the following resources:IBM Flex System Product Guides for Switches:●/portals/flexsystem?Open&page=pg&cat=switchesIBM Flex System Product Guides for Servers and Chassis:●/portals/flexsystem?Open&page=pg&cat=nodesIBM Flex System Information Center (User's Guides for servers and options):●/infocenter/flexsys/informationIBM Flex System Interoperability Guide:●/fsigIBM Redbooks® publication IBM Flex System Products and Technology, SG24-7984:●/abstracts/sg247984.htmlIBM Configurator for e-business (e-config):●/services/econfig/ServerProven for IBM Flex System:●/systems/info/x86servers/serverproven/compat/us/flexsystems.htmlNoticesThis information was developed for products and services offered in the U.S.A.IBM may not offer the products, services, or features discussed in this document in other countries. 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10Gbit /s 以太网技术剖析仲肇伟(华中科技大学,湖北武汉　430074)摘要:文章简述了10Gbit /s 以太网(10GbE )技术的发展、标准类型和参考模型;分析了IEEE 802.3ae 的主要特点、局域网物理层与广域网物理层的差异与适用范围;探讨了提高10GbE 应用可靠性的主要技术、标准化后的技术动态和发展前景.关键词:10Gbit /s 以太网;多协议标签交换;弹性分组环;城域环协议;虚拟交换冗余协议中图分类号:TN915 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-8788(2003)01-0028-04Analysis of 10GbE technologyZHONG Zhao -wei(Huazho ng U niv ersity o f Science and T echno log y ,Wuhan 430074,China )Abstract :T his paper outlined the techno logy development ,standard ty pes and reference mo ldel o f 10Gbit/s Ether net (10GbE),Analy sed m ain features of IEEE 802.3ae,the dif-ference betw een physical layer of LAN and that of WAN and their application spheres,dis-cussed the main technolo gies to enhance the application reliability of 10GbE ,the technical trends after its standardization ,and its developm ent prospects .Key words :10GbE;MPLS;RPR;M RP;VSRP 2002年6月,IEEE 802.3ae 作为10Gbit /s 以太网(10GbE)标准获得正式批准.随着IEEE 802.3ae 的发布,在以太网技术中第1次包括了在广域网(WAN )中应用的内容,“以太网等于局域网(LAN )”的概念也随之划上了句号.20世纪90年代以来,以太网传输速率平均每4年提高一个数量级;应用领域从LAN 向城域网(M AN )和WAN 扩展.近年来EFM (Ethernet in the Fir st Mile)的标准化进程迅速,预计在2003年9月正式批准“IEEE 802.3ah ”,以太网无处不在即将成为现实.1　10GbE 标准1.1　10GbE 标准的种类标准化的10GbE 标准分7种,分别称为10Gbit/s Base-SR/LR/ER/SW/LW/EW/LX4.其中,面向LAN 的有10Gbit /s Base -LX 4/SR /LR /ER 4种;面向WAN 的有10Gbit/s Base-SW/LW/EW 3种.不同类型标准之间的差异列于表1中.表1　10GbE 7种类型标准比较标准名称10Gbit /s Base -PHY数据速度Gbit /sP CS 传输速度G bit /s P M Dnm光纤类型传输距离L X 4L AN -P HY 108B /10B 3.125×41310W WD M M M F /SM F300m /10kmSR L AN -P HY 1064B/66B 10.3124850M M F 300m L R L AN -P HY 1064B/66B 10.31241310SM F 10km ER L AN -P HY 1064B/66B 10.31241550SM F 40km SW W A N -PHY 9.294264B /66B +W IS 9.95328850M M F 300m L W W A N -PHY 9.294264B/66B+W IS 9.953281310SM F 10km EW W A N -PHY9.294264B/66B+W IS9.953281550SM F40km 注:P HY 为物理层;P CS 为物理编码子层;P M D 为物理介质相关子层;L A N -PHY 为局域网物理层;WA N -P HY 为广域网物理层;W IS 为广域网接口子层收稿日期:2002-10-26作者简介:仲肇伟(1962-),男,山东济宁人,甘肃省电信公司高级工程师,目前在华中科技大学攻读在职硕士研究生.282003年　第1期(总第115期)光通信研究ST UDY ON OPT IC AL C OM M UNICAT ION S2003(Su m.No.115)1.2　10GbE参考模型10GbE的参考模型如图1所示.注:L L C为逻辑链路控制;M A C为介质访问控制;M DI为介质相关接口;PM A为物理介质连接子层;RS为协调子层;X GM II为与介质无关的10G bE接口.图1　10GbE参考模型 WAN-PHY是一种新技术,它借用了在电信网络中广泛应用的10Gbit/s SONET系统的帧结构,以低廉的成本将以太网应用推广到WAN中.这对主干网上快速增加的数据传输业务十分有利,在北美,75%以上的Internet信息量都要经过通信营运商SONET OC-192主干网传输.这并不是说不是WAN-PH Y就不能在WAN中应用,而是说可以直接与原有W AN的骨干网接续.1.3　LAN-PHY和WAN-PHY应用上的区别通常说来,LAN-PHY是面向LAN的,WAN-PHY是面向WAN的,但在实际上LA N-PHY并不是只适用于LAN,它也适用于M AN.10Gbit/s Base-LR/LX4传输距离能够达到10km,10Gbit/s Base-ER还能够达到40km.尽管在802.3ae标准中没有说明,但在实际应用中只要改变PMD,传输距离还能够进一步延长.千兆以太网(GbE)标准中,传输距离最远为5～10km,实际上设备供应商独自更改PM D已经使传输距离超过了150km.在重新规划网络的情况下,还能够用LAN-PH Y构建WAN.基于SONET OC-192的长途密集波分复用(DWDM)传输等场合,数字包封技术(前向纠错和控制信号一起打包)得到应用,而且已经作为IT U-T G.709光传送网(OT N)的一部分被标准化.近来,MAN应用的DW DM系统也在使用数字包封技术.10GbE和DWDM技术组合应用的情况下,从技术上讲LAN-PHY和前向纠错(FEC)组合应用是可行的,但是实现起来非常费事.这种情况下,特别需要W AN-PHY发挥其作用.2　提高10G bE可用性的技术随着以太网自身技术的发展,其可靠性得到了显著提高,但是,同PoS(Packet over SONET)技术相比,在可靠性和链路失效时的自愈能力方面仍然存在较大的差距.消除这种差距对服务提供商至关重要,10GbE速率高、应用范围广,解决可用性问题不容回避.现阶段增强以太网可用性的办法已经不只是依靠其自身的技术进步,还可以与多种其他技术融合或者组合应用.2.1　快速扩展生成树协议(RST P)与GbE一样,提高10GbE可用性应该用L2交换功能来解决.其一,扩展生成树协议(STP)可在出现故障时进行更快速度的倒换.设备供应商各显其能在L2交换中应用这种技术,而且这种技术已经作为IEEE802.1w RST P标准化.采用RSTP使故障复原时间改善到以秒为单位(数秒～数十秒),但是,这样的恢复速度仍然不能被电信营运商和客户所接受.2.2　城域环协议(M RP)和虚拟交换冗余协议(VSRP)RSTP技术实现链路自愈的速度较慢,现在不29仲肇伟:　10Gbit/s以太网技术剖析同厂商正在开发或者利用一些新技术,以便更好地支持10GbE 正常运行.例如使用M RP 和VSRP.M RP 提供瞬间故障检测、隔离和故障恢复,使得以太网在一个方向中断时,可以在50ms 内倒换到备用链路上.VSRP 是以RFC 2338标准的虚拟路由冗余协议(VRRP)为基础的协议,可以在第2层网络拓扑中提供类似SONET 的故障恢复时间,为整个或部分网络拓扑结构提供瞬间故障恢复.厂商各自独立开发的技术给不同厂商设备之间的互通带来限制,但是各厂商间的技术差异与竞争又为解决以太网可用性问题提供了更多选择,有力地促进了以太网技术的进步.2.3　弹性分组环(RPR)RPR 是满足电信营运商恢复时间小于50ms 要求的技术之一,目前正处在由IEEE 802.17工作组标准化的过程中.RPR 技术并不是以太网技术,而是一种新的M AC 技术,跟IEEE 802.3MAC 不同,RPR 的M AC 是IEEE 802.17定义的M AC ,但是2001年3月,802.17工作组发起动议,要求RPR M AC 支持SONET 、SDH 、GbE 和10GbE (IEEE 802.3)物理层,使802.17M AC 能够兼容现有其它基于IEEE 标准的PHY ,特别是由IEEE 802.3ae 工作组完成的工作.RPR 支持10GbE 的分层结构图中没有定义RPR M AC 的更上层,如果采用L2交换,以太网和RPR 能够在L 2接续,这样RPR 就可以用来提高以太网的可用性.RPR 保护技术可以有两种不同的应用形式,一种是在发现故障区域后,发送节点倒换发送数据流的方向,绕开故障区域;另一种是在发现故障区域后采取返回数据流的方式来避开故障区间.后一种方式简单,倒换时间短.图2所示为RPR 保护示意,当正常传输环路出现光纤断裂故障时,数据流折回,与原传输方向反向传输,并建立新的拓朴选择最短传输路径.这种保护方案实际上是上述两种RPR 保护方式的组合应用,体现出了RPR 保护的优点.图2　RPR 保护示意图2.4　多协议标签交换(MPLS )M PLS 有别于以太网的技术.组合应用MPLS 技术是提高10GbE 可用性的又一技术途径.利用M PLS 技术提高以太网可用性的讨论比较多,基本上都是在出现故障时加速重新选路、提高传输路径倒换速度.比如快速重选路由方式和热备份LSP (Label Sw itched Path )方式.快速重选路由方式,是在出现故障的情况下,按照预先确定好的迂回路由施行高速倒换.热备份LSP 方式是预先将多条路径编组,发生故障时在该组路径中高速选择迂回路由.这两种方式都在标准化之中,倒换时间不超过50ms.VPLS (Virtual Pr iv ate LAN Ser vice )受到了电信营运商的青睐,他们利用M PLS 网络提供L2VPN ,实现广域以太网服务.由于VPLS 成为在M PLS 网上仿真L2交换的技术,因此也作为一种提高以太网可用性的技术而备受关注.3　10GbE 发展动向与未来展望随着IEEE 802.3ae 的发布,依据标准生产的产品陆续应市.就目前而言,包括IEEE 802.3ae 正式发布之前的产品在内,在L 2/3交换设备中以LAN -PHY 的产品为主流,并且用于取代GbE 实现L2/3交换的更大容量连接.预计在下一步上市的10GbE 设备中,WAN-PHY 会实际应用,此外还将用在路由器和光传输等设备中.在路由器中将替代价格昂贵的OC-192Po S 接口.10GbE 的WAN -PHY 和OC-192PoS 并无互换性,可实现的功能方面也没有什么不同,但是使用10GbE 可以实现低成本.新开发在IEEE802.3ae 标准中没有包括但是方便应用的产品,如UNI -PHY 和XENPAK 等.U NI-PHY 是适应LAN-PHY 和WAN -PHY 两者的芯片组,通过设定即可以实现倒换功能.XEN-30光通信研究2003年　第1期　总第115期PAK定义了网络链路的结构、规则与功能,且完全符合10GbE标准.这样简化了建立10GbE系统与组件的过程.先行推出的产品尚未使用这些技术,当产品上应用这些技术之后,将给用户带来方便, 10GbE的应用也会更灵活.以太网技术将与SONET技术融合.10GbE的WAN-PH Y在目前是以低廉的成本把以太网扩展到WAM的有效选择.但是,10GbE WAN-PHY只不过是把以太网推广至WAN的第1步.从光传输的角度来看,以太网技术和同步光传输技术正在走向融合.通用成帧过程(GFP)的应用就是具体体现. GFP可以看做是一种Ethernet over SONET技术.应用GFP技术,就可以在标准的SONET/SDH网络上高效地传送包括以太网、FC(Fibr e Channel)、ESCON(Enter prise Systems Co nnection)和数字视频广播(DVB)在内的任何数据,而且能够不降低服务质量、不浪费带宽.具体地说,通过组合应用VC (Virtual Co ncatenation)和LCAS(Link Capacity Adjustm ent Schem e)技术,不仅可实现以太网在SON ET上的传送,而且还能按照不同的数据动态分配相应的带宽.GFP也可望应用于下一代M PLS-GM PLS技术,RPR也将采用GFP作为其PHY.以太网技术在接入网中的应用即将标准化. EFM是连接LA N和M AN的以太网接入技术, IEEE802.3ah EFM任务组已完成了作为EFM规范基础的技术标准方案,预计2003年9月获得正式批准.EFM标准化之后,端到端的以太网技术就齐全了,EFM对于实现以太网无处不在具有重要意义,也是加速10GbE推广应用的重要环节.进一步降低10GbE设备成本.目前10GbE应用比预期的缓慢,与其经济性能密切相关.尽管10GbE比同等速率的SONET系统具有明显的经济优势,却不好与10个GbE相比.尤其是以低成本实现接入线路的宽带化之后,对实现低成本的10GbE主干网的要求将会更高.实现远距离传输.以太网产品厂家为了促进10GbE产品的应用,正开发适应远距离传输的产品,目前已有厂家推出传输距离为150km的产品.10GbE在以太网市场中占有重要位置,其应用将稳步增长,图3所示为对10GbE产品增长情况的预测.基于10GbE的速率升级-100GbE或者40GbE.近10余年以太网发展迅速,传输速度大致图3　10GbE产品增长预测每4年提高10倍.以10GbE为基础的以太网升级速率尚无定论,可能是100GbE或者是40GbE.有的以太网产品供应商认为,虽然40GbE可以保持与40Gbit/s SONET系统接轨,但是从以太网发展的角度看,100GbE的吸引力更大.按IEEE802.3标准化的规律,预计2006年以后才可能实现这种更高速率的标准化.4　结束语技术经济上的优势使以太网成为发展最为迅速的技术之一.10GbE刚刚开始应用,而更高速率以太网的研究工作已经起步,以太网承载于SON ET OC-768、SONET OC-1536的方式也在开始探索.业界无不关注以太网的发展.参考文献:[1]　近藤卓司.10 !∀#—∃%!∀大解剖[DB/OL].http://w w w.atm arkit.co.jp/fnetw ork/tokusyuu/1310gbe/10g be01.htm l,2002-07.[2]　M annix O'Connor.The Ethernet physicallay er as used in resilient packet ring system sv ersion9.0.[DB/OL].http://w w w.10gea.o rg,2002-04.[3]　近藤卓司.M AN&登场∋光亻云送技彳术示&进化10Gbit/s#—∃%!∀[DB/OL].http://w w w.atmarkit.co.jp/fnetw ork/tokusy uu/12m an/man01.html,2002-06. [4]　日经BP社.“最后一公里联盟”完成EFM的技术标准方案[DB/OL].http://w ww.chi-nateleco /new s/02/200207/010*******.htm l,2002-07.31仲肇伟:　10Gbit/s以太网技术剖析。

10G EPON解决方案简介：10G EPON（Ethernet Passive Optical Network）是一种基于以太网技术的被动光纤传输网络，它提供了高速、高带宽的数据传输能力，适用于大规模的宽带接入和数据中心应用。

本文将详细介绍10G EPON解决方案的技术原理、优势和应用场景。

一、技术原理10G EPON解决方案基于EPON技术，采用了波分复用（WDM）技术将上行和下行数据进行分离传输，从而实现了高速的数据传输。

其主要技术原理包括以下几个方面：1.1 光纤传输10G EPON利用光纤作为传输介质，通过光模块将电信号转换为光信号，然后通过光纤进行传输。

光纤具有低损耗、大带宽和抗干扰等优势，能够满足高速数据传输的需求。

1.2 波分复用技术10G EPON采用波分复用技术将上行和下行数据进行分离传输。

上行数据通过不同的波长进行传输，下行数据也通过不同的波长进行传输，从而实现了双向数据传输，提高了网络的传输效率。

1.3 光网络单元（ONU）光网络单元是10G EPON网络中的终端设备，它连接到用户的终端设备，如计算机、路由器等。

ONU通过光纤接收下行数据，并将上行数据通过光纤发送到光线路终端（OLT）。

1.4 光线路终端（OLT）光线路终端是10G EPON网络中的中心设备，它连接到光纤传输网，负责管理和控制整个网络。

OLT将下行数据分发给各个ONU，同时收集和处理上行数据。

二、优势10G EPON解决方案具有以下几个优势：2.1 高速传输10G EPON提供了高达10Gbps的传输速率，能够满足大规模宽带接入和数据中心的高速数据传输需求。

相比于传统的EPON解决方案，10G EPON具有更高的传输速率和更大的带宽。

2.2 高带宽10G EPON提供了大带宽的传输能力，能够支持多种多媒体应用和高清视频流媒体。

用户可以同时进行高清视频观看、在线游戏和大文件下载等操作，无需担心带宽不足的问题。

高速10GBE接口研究一、10GBE以太网规范就目前来说，10GBE以太网标准和规范都比较繁多，在标准方面，有2002年的IEEE 802.3ae，2004年的IEEE 802.3ak，2006年的IEEE 802.3an、IEEE 802.3aq和2007年的IEEE 802.3ap；在规范方面，总共有10多个（是一比较庞大的家族，比千兆以太网的9个又多了许多）。

在这10多个规范中，可以分为三类：一是基于光纤的局域网10GBE以太网规范，二是基于双绞线（或铜线）的局域网10GBE以太网规范，三是基于光纤的广域网10GBE二、10GBE以太网的物理结构10GbE标准框架包含两个物理层规范：LAN PHY和WAN PHY。

另外还有三种PCS子层：10GBASE-X、10GBASE-R和10GBASE-W。

前两个属于LAN PHY系列，最后一个属于WAN PHY。

LAN PHY和WAN PHY的区别在于帧类型和接口速度。

10GBASE-X使用一种特紧凑包装，含有1个较简单的WDM器件、4个接收器和4个在1300nm波长附近以大约25nm为间隔工作的激光器，每一对发送器/接收器在3.125Gbit/s 速度（数据流速度为2.5Gbit/s）下工作。

10GBASE-R是一种使用64B/66B编码（不是在千兆以太网中所用的8B /10B）的串行接口，数据流为10.000Gbit/s，因而产生的时钟速率为10.3Gbit/s。

10GBASE-W是广域网接口，与SONET OC-192兼容，其时钟为9.953Gbit/s数据流为9.585Gbit/s。

由于本公司设备关于10GE应用重点在LAN PHY，下面就重点介绍其应用。

10GBE以太网采用了IEEE 802.3以太网介质访问控制（MAC）协议、IEEE 802.3以太网帧格式，以及IEEE 802.3帧的最大和最小尺寸。

正如千兆以太网标准1000Base-X和1000Base-T保留了以太网模型的基本内容一样，10GBE以太网在本质上仍然是以太网在速度和距离方面的自然进化。

揭开10 Gb以太网的神秘面纱虽然10 Gb以太网已经存在几年了，但是，对于大多数网络工程师而言，它仍然是一个新产品。

这本电子杂志将为您击破10 Gb以太网最常见的误解，介绍它的价格、需求、未来等内容。

虽然40Gb和100 Gb以太网是行业的前沿，但是大多数企业的网络仍然处于1 Gb到10 Gb以太网的转换阶段。

10 Gb以太网已经存在几年了，可对于大多数网络工程师而言，它仍然是一个新产品。

围绕着10 Gb以太网技术有很多常见误解，本文将为你一一击破。

误解一：部署10 Gb以太网过于昂贵现实：虽然每个10 Gb以太网端口的价格仍然高于1 Gb以太网，但二者的差别正在缩小。

在网络的高流量区域，实际上对于同样的带宽和性能，一个10 Gb以太网端口可能比10个1 Gb以太网更划算。

实际操作：Current Analysis的企业网络和数据中心技术首席分析师Mike Spanbauer建议，企业要评估整个接入端口的开支，包括能量消耗和端口密度。

在数据中心中，能量、制冷和物理空间也都是开支，因此10 Gb以太网也许更划算。

误解二：10 Gb以太网只能运行在昂贵的光纤和收发器上现实：有很多线缆可以部署10 Gb以太网，而且现在的选择是越来越多。

光纤是数据中心的交换器之间远程连接的主要方法，企业可以选择成本更低的光纤布线，或者适用于短距离的双同轴铜布线，或者在服务器机架之间互连。

现在很多服务器和交换机供应商也正准备发布10G Base-T（基于双绞线）产品，该产品适合在100米距离以内、RJ45接头的常规双绞线。

实际操作：根据Spanbauer的看法，有线数据中心网络可能昂贵且耗时，因此，数据中心管理员必须研究所有可用的材料来提高物理网络的寿命。

现在很多数据中心管理员倾向于采用标准化的小型可插拔（SPF+）收发器模型和布线类型，因此，一个混合搭配的布线方法在短期内可能更划算，投资光纤可能更适合10 Gb以太网。

10G以太网在局域和城域网中的应用定位和发展趋势中国电信北京研究院技术部胡捷以太网的发展已经经历了三个阶段，即以太网Ethernet阶段、快速以太网FE阶段和千兆以太网GE阶段。

千兆以太网发展起来后，由于它具有成本低廉、互连性好、升级容易、组网简单、技术支撑厂家多、技术发展快的优势，千兆局域网已占据了整个局域网市场的大部分份额，成为设备的基本配置，甚至笔记本电脑的网卡，也已经支持GE速率。

最近10G以太网技术已日趋成熟，使得以太网的速度可以达到万兆。

1、10G以太网技术概述10G以太网是以太网在速度和距离方面的自然演化，它的标准于2002年6月正式颁布。

虽然以太网速度在不断提高，但是其基本帧格式仍保持不变，10GE 遵循的标准是IEEE 802.3ae，对应OSI的数据链路层。

包括IEEE802.1 MAC媒体访问控制子层（负责实现Framing和Media access，对应OSI第1.5层）和IEEE802.2 LLC逻辑链路控制子层（LLC负责实现timing和flow control，对应OSI第2层）。

对IP数据包的封装采用RFC 1042建议。

它以全双工模式工作，取消了CSMA/CD冲突检测，10G以太网支持局域网和广域网两种物理接口。

为了适用于广域网，10G以太网在MAC子层增加了数据控制模式，使MAC子层的数据速率适配到SONET/SDH的数据速率。

2、10G以太网技术介绍由于10G以太网主要在物理层取得较大进展，因此下面我们简要介绍10G 以太网的物理层和芯片接口XAUI。

物理层结构10G以太网的物理层分为PCS（物理编码子层）、PMA（物理介质附加子层）、和PMD（物理介质相关子层）三层。

PCS对数据进行编码，10G以太网定义了全新的64B/66B编码方式；PMA提供独立于媒体介质的方法；PMD定义物理层采用光纤介质时支持的链路距离。

链路距离10G以太网的物理层支持四种PMD，单模光纤的最长距离可以达到40Km，多模光纤的最长距离能达到300m。

10G 网络的最佳解决方案数据中心的急剧增长需要更高性能的服务器，从最初的100M，1G，10G，到40G和100G，高速以太网从未停止发展。

10G以太网（IEEE802.3ae）的标准于2002年批准，在10G网络中，工程师常常对于选择光纤还是铜缆感到困惑。

本文飞速光纤（）为大家分析三种10G 网络的方案供大家进行参考。

10G网络的三种方案1、10G SFP+光模块SFP+光模块是双工LC接口，和LC光纤跳线一起使用用于光纤布线。

它为数据中心、企业配线柜和服务商传输提供各种各样的10G以太网连接选项，通常传输波长是850nm,1310nm或1550nm。

2、10G SFP+高速线缆10G SFP+高速线缆是数据中心架顶式布线的常用光器件，用来连接小型接入交换机和服务器。

10G SFP+高速线缆是一种替代光模块的低成本解决方案，用来实现短距离的高速互连，具有低功耗和低延迟性的特点。

3、10GBASE-T SFP光模块10GBase-T SFP光模块使用非屏蔽或屏蔽双绞线电缆在距离长达100米的情况下实现10G连接，用于铜缆布线，使用10GBase-T SFP，可以轻松实现从1GbE到10GbE的升级。

使用10GBASE-T SFP光模块是由于网线还比较普遍并且网线比光纤跳线的价格要便宜，但是如果传输距离大于100m的话还是要用光纤跳线进行连接。

10G SFP+转SFP+高速线缆解决方案10G SFP+转SFP+高速线缆是基于SFP+MSA（多源协议），采用两端带有SFP+连接器的铜轴线缆，在两个网络设备间提供万兆的以太网连接。

简言之，它集成了SFP+连接器与铜轴线缆，是一种低损耗、高效节能且低成本的互连解决方案。

10G万兆SFP+转SFP+高速线缆有多种长度可选最长可达10m，是目前万兆以太网连接的最佳的线缆选择。

10G SFP+转SFP+高速线缆相对于10GBASE-T的优势1、更低的延迟10G SFP+转SFP+高速线缆，可以确保最佳的光学性能和最低的信号延迟。

2310G 以太网技术新特点及应用New Characteristic and A pp lication of 10Gi g abit Ethernet何晓明唐冬(广东省电信有限公司科学技术研究院)(中山大学电子与信息工程学院)摘要介绍了10G 以太网技术在链路层及物理层的新特征,分析了以太网作为端到端的第2层传输技术,可连接包括局域网、城域网和广域网在内的所有网络,有着广阔的应用前景。

同时,概述了目前10G 以太网设备及模块研发状况。

提出了面向下一代网络技术及应用中,10G 以太网在QoS 保证、网络管理、网络自愈能力等方面需要解决的问题。

关键词10G 以太网IEEE 803.3ae 标准体系结构物理层QoS何晓明工学硕士,工程师,主要从事通信网络技术研究及设备测试。

唐冬中山大学无线电物理专业博士研究生,主要研究方向为移动CDMA 。

1应用需求和技术发展催生10G 以太网随着互联网业务和其他数据业务的高速发展,对带宽需求的增长影响到网络的各个部分,包括骨干网、城域网和接入网。

为了充分利用光纤资源,提升骨干网带宽,人们采用了密集波分复用(DWDM )技术,但接入网的低带宽连接使得网络中的瓶颈问题逐渐突出。

网络服务提供商正面临着接入带宽不足的严重问题。

为了满足这种需求,需要一种新型网络结构。

同时随着电子商务的发展,服务提供商希望用更经济和更有效的网络体系支持他们的商业模型,期望新的技术提供更快更新的业务。

目前应用最广泛的局域网技术 以太网技术就可以实现这样的需求,能够简单、经济地构建各种速率的网络。

以太网技术作为目前发展迅速、使用最广泛的局域网技术在短短25年里经历了巨大的变革,从半双工共享媒体10Mbit/s 局域网技术发展成为全、半双工的10/100/1000Mbit/s 的局域网交换技术。

2002年6月,IEEE 又正式通过了802.3ae 标准的10Gbit/s 以太网技术。

10G 高速以太网可以满足新的容量需求,解决了低带宽接入、高带宽传输的瓶颈问题,扩大了应用范围,并与以前的所有以太网兼容。

10G EPON解决方案概述：10G EPON（Ethernet Passive Optical Network）是一种基于以太网的被动光纤传输技术，用于实现高速宽带接入。

本文将介绍10G EPON解决方案的基本原理、架构、优势以及应用场景。

一、基本原理：10G EPON利用光纤传输数据，采用了光纤传输和电信号转换的方式。

它基于以太网技术，使用了点对多点的拓扑结构，通过光纤将数据从OLT（Optical Line Terminal）传输到ONU（Optical Network Unit）。

二、架构：10G EPON解决方案的架构包括OLT、ONU和光纤传输网络。

OLT是网络的核心设备，负责管理和控制整个网络。

ONU是终端用户的接入设备，负责接收和发送数据。

光纤传输网络连接OLT和ONU，实现数据的传输。

三、优势：1. 高速宽带接入：10G EPON提供了高达10Gbps的带宽，满足了用户对高速宽带的需求，可以支持高清视频、在线游戏等大流量应用。

2. 灵活性和可扩展性：10G EPON采用了点对多点的拓扑结构，可以灵活地增加或减少ONU的数量，满足不同用户的接入需求。

3. 低成本：10G EPON利用光纤传输数据，减少了电缆的使用，降低了网络建设和维护的成本。

4. 高可靠性：10G EPON采用了冗余设计，当某个ONU故障时，不会影响整个网络的正常运行。

四、应用场景：1. 家庭宽带接入：10G EPON可以提供高速宽带接入，满足用户对高清视频、在线游戏等大流量应用的需求。

2. 企业网络接入：10G EPON可以为企业提供高速、稳定的网络接入，满足企业对大带宽的需求，提高工作效率。

3. 公共服务网络：10G EPON可以用于建设公共服务网络，如教育、医疗等领域，提供高速、稳定的网络接入，方便用户获取各种公共服务。

五、总结：10G EPON解决方案是一种高速宽带接入技术，具有高速、灵活、低成本和高可靠性的优势。

Part No. 315893-BApril 20034655 Great America ParkwaySanta Clara, CA 95054Using the 10 Gigabit Ethernet Modules: 8681XLR and8681XLWPassport 8000 Series Software Release 3.5*315893-B*2 315893-B3 Copyright © 2003 Nortel NetworksAll rights reserved. April 2003.The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The statements, configurations, technical data, and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty. Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document. The information in this document is proprietary to Nortel Networks Inc.The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that license. 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Some jurisdictions do not allow these limitations or exclusions and, in such event, they may not apply.4.Generala.If Customer is the United States Government,the following paragraph shall apply:All Nortel NetworksSoftware available under this License Agreement is commercial computer software and commercial computer software documentation and,in the event Software is licensed for or on behalf of the United States315893-B5 Government,the respective rights to the software and software documentation are governed by NortelNetworks standard commercial license in accordance with U.S.Federal Regulations at48C.F.R.Sections12.212(for non-DoD entities)and48C.F.R.227.7202(for DoD entities).b.Customer may terminate the license at any time.Nortel Networks may terminate the license if Customer failsto comply with the terms and conditions of this license.In either event,upon termination,Customer must either return the Software to Nortel Networks or certify its destruction.c.Customer is responsible for payment of any taxes,including personal property taxes,resulting fromCustomer’s use of the Software.Customer agrees to comply with all applicable laws including all applicable export and import laws and regulations.d.Neither party may bring an action,regardless of form,more than two years after the cause of the action arose.e.The terms and conditions of this License Agreement form the complete and exclusive agreement betweenCustomer and Nortel Networks.f.This License Agreement is governed by the laws of the country in which Customer acquires the Software.Ifthe Software is acquired in the United States,then this License Agreement is governed by the laws of the state of New York.Using the10Gigabit Ethernet Modules:8681XLR and8681XLW6 315893-B5 ContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Before you begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Text conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Hard-copy technical manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15How to get help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Chapter1About 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN/WAN Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1710GE LAN/WAN Modules concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 LAN PHY features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 LAN PHY FEFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 WAN PHY features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 WAN PHY clocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19WAN PHY FEFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Default 10GE LAN module configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Default 10GE WAN module configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Additional configurable 10GE LAN module parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Additional configurable 10GE WAN module parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Chapter2Configuration considerations and limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Switching fabric recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Multimode fiber (MMF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Jumbo packet support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Internal MLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Quality of Service (QoS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Flow control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Trunk vs access mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Using the 10 Gigabit Ethernet Modules: 8681XLR and 8681XLW6ContentsNon-supported features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 LED information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Using the 10 Gigabit Ethernet Modules: 8681XLR and 8681XLW (315893-A) . . .32 10GE WAN SONET/SDH overhead bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Chapter3Configuring and Monitoring the 10GE LAN/WAN modules using DeviceManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Configuring the 10GE LAN/WAN module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Configuring the WAN clock source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Changing the module’s administrative status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Configuring the port’s administrative status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Configuring the WAN framing type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Configuring flow control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41Performing a 10GE LAN/WAN loopback test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Viewing the Trap Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Viewing 10GE LAN/WAN port statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Viewing 10GE WAN section statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Viewing 10GE WAN Line statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Viewing 10GE WAN FE Line statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Viewing 10GE WAN path statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Viewing 10GE WAN FE path statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Viewing 10GE LAN/WAN interface statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Viewing 10GE LAN/WAN Ethernet errors statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58Viewing 10GE LAN/WAN bridging statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61Viewing 10GE LAN/WAN Spanning T ree statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Viewing 10GE LAN/WAN routing statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Chapter4Configuring and monitoring the 10GE LAN/WAN modules using the CLI 65Roadmap of 10GE commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Configuring the 10GE LAN/WAN module with the CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Configuring the clock source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Configuring the port’s administrative status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Configuring the WAN framing type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 315893-BContents7Configuring flow control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Enabling or disabling flow control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69Enabling or disabling flow-control-pause0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69Setting the flow control pause timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Performing a 10GE LAN/WAN loopback test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Viewing 10GE WAN port statistics with the CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Displaying active alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Viewing 10GE WAN section statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Viewing current section statistics at a specified interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Viewing 10GE WAN current line statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Viewing 10GE WAN line statistics at a specified interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 Viewing 10GE WAN FE line statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Viewing 10GE WAN FE line statistics at a specified interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Viewing 10GE WAN path statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Viewing 10GE WAN path statistics at a specified interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Viewing 10GE WAN FE path statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Viewing 10GE WAN FE path statistics at a specified interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Viewing 10GE LAN/WAN SONET medium statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Technical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898681XLR (10GE LAN) Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 8681XLW (10GE WAN) Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Using the 10 Gigabit Ethernet Modules: 8681XLR and 8681XLW8Contents 315893-B9 FiguresFigure 18681XLR (10GE LAN) Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Figure 28681XLW (10GE WAN) Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Figure 3Device View with the 10GE LAN/WAN module selected . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Figure 4Card dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Figure 5Device view with 10GE LAN/WAN port selected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Figure 610GE Interface tab—Port dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Figure 710GE WIS tab—Port dialog box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Figure 8Port dialog box—Test tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Figure 9Trap Log dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Figure 10GraphPort dialog box—Section tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Figure 11GraphPort dialog box—Line tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Figure 12GraphPort dialog box—FE Line tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Figure 13GraphPort dialog box — Path tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Figure 14GraphPort dialog box— FE Path tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Figure 15GraphPort dialog box—10GE Interface tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Figure 16GraphPort dialog box—10GE Ethernet Errors tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58Figure 17GraphPort dialog box—10GE Bridging tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Figure 18GraphPort dialog box—10GE Spanning Tree tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63Figure 19GraphPort dialog box—10GE Routing tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Figure 20show ports stats wis activealarms [<ports>] command output . . . . . . . .71Figure 21show ports stats wis sectioncurrent [<ports>] command output . . . . . . .73Figure 22show ports stats wis sectioninterval <intervalid> [<ports>] command output 74Figure 23show ports stats wis linecurrent [<ports>] command output . . . . . . . . . .76Figure 24show ports stats wis lineinterval <intervalid> [<ports>] command output 77Figure 25show ports stats wis felinecurrent [<ports>] command output . . . . . . . . .79Figure 26show ports stats wis felineinterval <intervalid> [<ports>] command output 80 Figure 27show ports stats wis pathcurrent [<ports>] command output . . . . . . . . .82Figure 28show ports stats wis pathinterval <intervalid> [<ports>] command output 8310FiguresFigure 29show ports stats wis fepathcurrent [<ports>] command output . . . . . . . .85Figure 30show ports stats wis fepathinterval <intervalid> [<ports>] command output 86 Figure 31show ports stats wis sonetmedium [<port>] command output . . . . . . . . .8811 TablesTable 110GE LAN/WAN module IDs and part numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Table 210GE LAN Module default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Table 310GE WAN Module default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Table 410GE LAN Module configurable parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Table 510GE WAN Module configurable parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Table 6DSCP to 10GigE CoS default mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Table 7QoS 802.1p to 10GigE CoS default mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Table 8Card dialog box fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Table 910GE Interface tab field descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Table 1010GE WIS tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41Table 11Test tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Table 12Trap Log dialog box fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Table 1310GE WAN alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Table 14Types of statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Table 15Section tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Table 16Line tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Table 17FE Line tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Table 18Path tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Table 19FE Path tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Table 2010GE Interface tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Table 2110GE Ethernet Errors tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Table 2210GE Bridging tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Table 2310GE Spanning Tree tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63Table 2410GE Routing tab fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Table 25show ports stats wis active alarms field parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Table 26show ports stats wis sectioncurrent [<ports>] parameters . . . . . . . . . . . .73Table 27show ports stats wis sectioninterval <intervalid> [<ports>] parameters . .75Table 28show ports stats wis linecurrent [<ports>] parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Table 29show ports stats wis lineinterval <intervalid> [<ports>] parameters . . . . .7812TablesTable 30show ports stats wis felinecurrent [<ports>] parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Table 31show ports stats wis felineinterval <intervalid> [<ports>] parameters . . .81 Table 32show ports stats wis pathcurrent [<ports>] parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Table 33show ports stats wis pathinterval <intervalid> [<ports>] parameters . . . .84 Table 34show ports stats wis fepathcurrent [<ports>] parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 Table 35show ports stats wis fepathinterval <intervalid> [<ports>] parameters . . .87 Table 36show ports stats wis sonetmedium [<port>] parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . .8813 PrefaceThe8681XLR Module and the8681XLW Module are part of the Nortel NetworksPassport line of 10GE LAN/WAN communications products. They are128Krecords modules which allow support for large layer2and layer3configurations.This guide describes the features, operations, and configuration requirements forboth modules.For technical specifications and information about how to install your10GE LAN/WAN modules,see Installing8600Switch Modules.This document isprovided on the hardware documentation CD purchased with your8000SeriesChassis,or can be found on the Nortel Networks documentation Web site at/documentation,search term:Passport8000Series.A complete list of related publications can be found in the release notes thataccompanied your software release.Before you beginThis guide is intended for network installers and system administrators who areresponsible for installing, configuring, or maintaining networks. This guideassumes that you have the following background:•Understanding of the transmission and management protocols used on your network•Experience with windowing systems or graphical user interfaces (GUIs)14PrefaceText conventionsThis guide uses the following text conventions:angle brackets (< >)Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the descriptioninside the brackets. Do not type the brackets when entering thecommand.Example: If the command syntax isping<ip_address>, you enterping192.32.10.12bold Courier text Indicates command names and options and text that you need toenter.Example: Use the dinfo command.Example: Enter show ip{alerts|routes}.braces ({})Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions where there ismore than one option. Y ou must choose only one of the options. Donot type the braces when entering the command.Example: If the command syntax isshow ip{alerts|routes}, you must enter eithershow ip alerts or show ip routes, but not both.brackets ([ ])Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions. Do not type thebrackets when entering the command.Example: If the command syntax isshow ip interfaces[-alerts], you can entereither show ip interfaces orshow ip interfaces-alerts.ellipsis points (. . . )Indicate that you repeat the last element of the command as needed.Example: If the command syntax isethernet/2/1[<parameter><value>]...,you enter ethernet/2/1and as manyparameter-value pairs as needed.italic text Indicates new terms, book titles, and variables in command syntaxdescriptions. Where a variable is two or more words, the words areconnected by an underscore.Example: If the command syntax isshow at<valid_route>, valid_route is onevariable and you substitute one value for it.plain Courier text Indicates command syntax and system output, for example, prompts and system messages.Example: Set Trap Monitor Filters。

龙源期刊网 网络融合关键是10Gb以太网作者：郭平来源：《计算机世界》2010年第28期10Gb以太网成为网络融合的平台,而网络融合是一个渐进的过程,它需要被市场和用户慢慢接受。

10GB以太网的未来发展已被业内人士广泛看好,成为大势所趋。

而在这一平台之上的存储网络融合也开始进入人们的视线。

随着这一未来发展趋势的日渐明朗,厂商之间的竞争也日益显现,像英特尔、Emulex、博通、Qlogic、博科等都已加入到这一竞争行列中。

2010年6月,Emulex收购了之前就有密切合作关系的芯片厂商ServerEngines,并相继宣布与思科、惠普和日立等厂商合作,加快了在网络融合方面的脚步。

据Emulex亚太区市场总监骆修豪介绍,收购ServerEngines后,Emulex带有虚拟化的处理器vEngine引擎的处理能力得到了加强,特别是在对iSCSI和FCoE的协议支持能力上。

同时,这次收购将帮助Emulex在10Gb以太网LOM和通用聚合网络适配器(UCNA)市场中提供一个更具成本效益的模式。

骆修豪认为,网络融合是一个渐进的过程,而不是一个转折点,因此,用户的接受度也需要慢慢提高。

他建议,用户可以首先选择10Gb以太网,然后再根据自身的情况,逐渐走向融合。

骆修豪认为,存储网络融合市场的发展是否顺利很大程度上取决于与服务器大厂商的合作状况。

据悉,Emulex日前已经开始了与惠普的合作,惠普将在其ProLiant G7系列服务器上选择Emulex UCNA产品。

另外,Emulex与思科的合作也正在进行中,思科统一计算系统B系列刀片服务器平台、C系列机架安装式服务器平台选择了Emulex单芯片UCNA,以提供10Gb FCoE的连接。

并且,UCNA还顺利地通过了相关认证,将用于Nexus系列统一光纤架构交换机中。

对于10Gb以太网的应用,骆修豪认为,10Gb以太网出现已经有好几年了,而最近IBM、惠普等将其放在了主板上,这是10Gb以太网发展的一大进步。

全军信息系统管理专业自学考试毕业论文论文题目10Gbit/s SDH设备组网与应用导师姓名作者姓名樊星准考证号 115911185003作者单位国防信息学院完成时间 2012年 04月 29日中国人民解放军信息系统管理专业高等教育自学考试委员会制摘要SDH技术的核心在于组网，只有在网络的环境下，SDH的各项优越性才能充分体现出来。

功能完善、符合统一标准的SDH和管理系统对整个SDH的服务质量及维护成本都有深刻意义，是SDH网络技术成败的关键，SDH与网络管理是密不可分的，SDH技术的一个重要特点就是组网的灵活性和安全性，并可以有效地提高网络资源的利用率，这也是现代电信网的一个主要特征。

本文首先对SDH技术进行介绍，随后阐述了SDH网的组成，以及SDH 网在我国的应用情况，并探讨了SDH网络拓扑及线路保护及其SDH技术的发展前景和国产SDH设备的发展方向，重点讨论10Gbit/s SDH网的保护，最后是对SDH网的总结和相关看法。

关键词：SDH 传输网络同步网络管理AbstractSDH technology core lie in group net, only then under network environment,SDH each superiority can the fission presently come out. The function consummates, conforms to the unified standard SDH with management system management system to entire SDH the service nature and the maintenance cost all have the profound significance, is the SDH networking success or failure key,SDH with the network management is inseparable,SDH a technical important characteristic is the network flexibility and the security, and may enhance the network resources effectively the use factor, this also is a modern telecommunication network main characteristic. This article first carries on the introduction to the SDH technology, afterwards elaborated the SDH net composition, as well as SDH net in our country's application situation, and has discussed the SDH network analysis situs and the line protection and the SDH technology prospects for development and the domestically produced SDH equipment development direction, key discusses the 10Gbit/s SDH net the protection, finally is to the SDH net summary and the related view.Key words: SDH Transmission Network Synchronization Network manage-ment目录一、SDH 组网的优越性 (4)(一) SDH技术特点 (4)(二) 我国的SDH传送网网络结构 (5)二、10Gbit/s SDH设备组网的特点 (9)(一) 10Gbit/s SDH设备特点 (9)(二) 10Gbit/s SDH组网优势 (12)三、Citrans 750 10Gbit/s SDH设备的组成以及自愈环的网络保护 (14)(一) Citrans 750 10Gbit/s SDH设备概述 (14)(二) 自愈环的网络保护 (19)四、 10Gbit/s SDH网的拓扑结构 (21)五、 10Gbit/s SDH网络的保护以及线路保护 (24)(一) 网络的保护与恢复 (24)(二) 线路保护倒换 (25)(三) 10Gbit/s SDH完善的保护方式 (27)六、全文总结以及对中国国产ＳＤＨ设备的发展的看法 (28)(一) 总结 (28)(二) 对中国国产ＳＤＨ设备的发展的看法 (29)主要参考文献 (30)一． SDH组网的优越性（一）SDH技术特点1．SDH技术发展及展望随着以因特网为代表的数据业务的不断发展和高速光通信技术的不断进步，SDH技术不断与相关的各种技术融合，走向通信传输的各个领域，具有广阔的发展前景。

10Gb以太网物理层接口背板互连IEEE标准委员会最近针对以太网背板提出了802.3ap标准，规定了在标准FR4PCB上高达40英寸走线长度下10Gb以太网的工作规范。

10GBASE-KX标准提供了两种不同的实现方式：10GBASE-KX4和10GBASE-KR。

10GBASE-KX4标准规定了4个通道（类似XAUI），而10GBASE-KR则是在一个通道上采用64/66B编码方式实现的。

目前，对于具有总体带宽需求或需要解决走线密集过高问题的背板，有许多家供应商提供的SerDes芯片均采用10GBASE-KR解决方案，如表1所示。

表1 802.3ap规范所提出的3种背板互连方案铜互连物理层接口1．10GBASE-CX410GBASE-CX4是高性能数据中心的理想选择，CX4在短距离互连中具有低成本和零附加延时的优点。

屏蔽双绞线电缆的使用与InfiniBand互连类似，XAUI信号的传输距离可以远至15m，如果增加信号补偿，可以使成本范围之内的每端口成本降到最低。

CX4连接器的引脚定义中也提供了电源引脚。

市场上也有CX4连接器的光缆，而且电缆本身具有电-光和光-电转换电路，信号传输距离可以远远超过15m。

2．10GBASE-T10GBASE-T是最近刚刚发布的千兆位数据传输标准，它使用人们熟悉的紧凑型RJ-45连接器和廉价的6类电缆，信号传输距离可以远至55m，并且在千兆位和10Gb传输速率之间支持自动协商。

新划分的6类电缆的延伸版本，或称为Cat6a电缆规范可以降低UTP电缆对儿之间的串扰，10GBASE-T的信号传输距离可以远至100m，目前该规范仍然处于草案阶段。

已经有多家供应商进行了10GBASE-T的传输试验，然而10GBASE-T的不足也是明显的，功耗比较大而且信号有几微秒的延时，这种情况可能在器件成熟后会得到改善。

对于企业千兆位汇聚产品而言，10GBASE-T可能是一种比较好的选择。