下载文档原格式
初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习在学习英语语法时，主谓一致和就近原则作为常见的语法问题常常会让许多初学者头疼。
本文将以简单易懂的方式介绍这两个问题并提供相关练习，希望能够帮助大家更好地理解和掌握这两个语法问题。
主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称、数、时态方面的一致。
例如，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语应该使用第三人称单数形式的动词。
下面是几个例子：•He runs every day.（他每天都跑步。
）•She likes to read books.（她喜欢读书。
）•The dog barks loudly.（狗狂叫。
）需要注意的是，有些名词虽然是复数形式，但作为主语时仍需使用单数形式的动词，例如：•Mathematics is my favorite subject.（数学是我最喜欢的科目。
）•News travels fast.（消息传得很快。
）主谓一致在英语语法中非常重要，因为它能够使文章更加流畅易懂。
当主谓不一致时，会让听者或读者感到困惑。
下面是一些主谓一致的练习题：1.The boy ___ a new bike for his birthday. (buy/buys)2.The dogs ___ in the backyard. (play/plays)3.My sister and I ___ going to the beach tomorrow. (is/are)4.The teacher ___ the students to be quiet. (tells/tell)5.The children ___ playing games in the park. (enjoys/enjoy)就近原则就近原则指的是在使用情态动词时，应该选择最接近主语的动词。
例如：•Jenny and her brother can swim.（珍妮和她的兄弟都会游泳。
）•Jenny, but not her brother, should study harder.（珍妮应该更加用功，而她的兄弟则不用。
英语语法中几个就近原则在英语语法中，有几个就近原则，用来指导句子结构和词语使用。
这些原则涵盖了句法、语义和语用等方面。
以下是几个常见的就近原则：1. 主谓一致原则：主谓一致是指在句子中，主语的数与谓语动词的数要保持一致。
例如，主语是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词则要用复数形式。
这个原则适用于大多数情况，但也有一些例外，如collective noun（集合名词）等。
2. 代词一致原则：代词一致是指代词的人称和数要与其所指的名词保持一致。
例如，如果代词指代的是单数名词，代词也要用单数形式；如果名词是复数，则代词也要用复数形式。
代词的一致原则还涉及到性别的一致性，如he, she, it等代词。
3.就近修饰原则：就近修饰是指形容词、副词或短语修饰最近的名词或动词。
当有多个名词或动词在句子中出现时，修饰语通常放在最近的名词或动词前面，以确保修饰的准确性和清晰度。
4.就近一致原则：就近一致是指谓语动词的数要与最近的主语保持一致。
即使在一个句子中有多个主语，谓语动词也应与最近的主语保持一致。
这个原则有助于提高句子的流畅性和可读性。
5.就近匹配原则：就近匹配是指介词、关系代词和其他修饰语与它前面的名词、动词或词组的关系保持一致。
例如，介词通常与紧随其后的名词或代词的数、人称和性别相匹配。
这个原则有助于确保句子的逻辑和语法的一致性。
这些就近原则在英语语法中起着重要的作用，可以帮助人们构造正确、准确和通顺的句子。
遵循这些原则可以使句子的结构更加清晰，并避免一些常见的语法错误。
同时，了解这些原则也有助于理解和解释他人的语言使用。
在学习英语时，掌握并应用这些原则是很重要的。
主谓一致的三个原则在英语中谓语动词在人称和数上必须同主语保持一致。
确定主谓一致要根据以下三个基本原则：一、语法一致原则, 即谓语动词要和它的主语在形式上取得一致，即单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。
但要注意以下几种情况：1由and 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数。
A teacher and his students are invited to the English evening.一个老师和他的学生被邀请参加英语晚会。
但以下两种情况谓语动词要用单数形式：(1)并列主语指同一人（物）、同一概念（这是第二个名词前无冠词）时；The professor and writer is coming to the meeting. 那位教授兼作家将来参加会议。
Truth and honesty is the best policy. 诚实才是上策。
类似的短语还有a cart and horse(马车), a cup and saucer(放在盘子上的茶杯), cause and effect(因果), bread and butter(黄油面包), iron and steel(钢铁) ,study and research(研讨), the needle and thread(针线), trial and error(反复试验)(2) 并列主语分别被each, every, no, many a 修饰时。
如：Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书、每张纸都摆放得井井有条。
No teacher and no student is present. 没有教师和学生出席。
2. 单个不定式、动词-ing、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Taking care of children needs patience. 照看儿童需要耐心。
To remember these words is our main task today. 记住这些单词是我们今天的主要任务。
主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致有以下三条原则：1语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致;例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式;例如：The students are very young．This picture looks beautiful．2意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系;例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式;people in that country are fighting for independence．crowd deeply respect their leader．years in a strange land seems a long time．3就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语;例如：Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy．Either ..or …2．主谓一致的用法根据以上三条原则,主谓一致有如下用法：1下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式a．表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式;例如：hundred miles is a long distance．dollars is a high price for that book．b．由anyone,anything,anybody,noone,nothing,everyone,everybody,everything,some one,somebody,each,either,neither等不定代词作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式;例如：is knocking at the door．is better than going to the movie tonight．c．由“a series of,a kind of,a portion of +名词”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式;例如：A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week．d．由“many a,more than one +单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍采用单数形式;例如：Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break．There is more than one answer to your question．e．“名词+and+名词”作主语,表示同一人、同一概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：A writer and educator is giving a lecture now．这个人既是作家又是教育家A writer and a educatorf．"either neither + of +复数名词或代词"作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：either of you takes a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work．of them wants to come．g．在each…and each…,every…and every…等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：Each man and each woman has the right to vote．h．动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;例如：What I want to say is none of your business．Listening to the classical music is enjoyable．i．以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时,如politics政治学,mathematics数学,statistics统计学,acoustics声学,linguistics语言学等,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：Mathematics is what he majors in．2下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词;意义一致a．由“a11,none,no,most,half,the last,the rest,the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定;例如：None of the food is wasted．None of the students were absent．The rest of the lecture was dull．The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday．b．由"lots of,heaps of,loads Of,scads of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定;例如：Lots of work is to be done this week.Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon．There is loads of milk on the farm．There are loads of big red apples on the ground．There is heaps of fun．c．由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式;例如：Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam．3下列结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定;a．由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式;如果表示一类人如the rich,the poor,the blind,the deaf,the sick,the young,the old,谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：The blind are taught trades in special schools．表示一类人The good in him overweighs the bad．表示抽象概念The departed was a good friend of his．表示个人b．family,crowd,committee,class,audience,group ,government,team,public,majority,minority等集合名词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定;例如：The family like to listen to the music．the family 指这家人,用作复数The family is small．the family指这个家庭,用作单数The committee has considered your proposal．the committee指委员会,用作单数The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes． the committee指委员会的委员们,用作复数下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般单复数均可;a.以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时,谓语动词一般单复数均可;例如：Five and six make／makes eleven．Seven times ten are seventy．但是：Twenty from thirty leaves ten．Six sevens are forty-two.b．由"one in／out of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数均可;例如：One in ten were／was present．下列结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时,一般谓语动词用复数形式;例如：A girl and a boy want to go．Both rice and wheat are grown in that country．6下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定;a．由as well as,together with,besides,like,along with,with but,except,accompanied by,rather than,including连接两个名词作主语,谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定;例如：The president of the college,together with the deans,is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations．The young mother with her two children is coming now．The plant manager,like many technicians,is experienced in designing new products．b．“名词+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致;例如：The picture of the children孩子的照片 brings back many memories of my past experiences．The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful．c．由not only…butalso,either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定;例如：He or you have taken my pen．Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it．One or two days are enough to visit the city. d．there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式;例如：There is a garden in front of the house．There are two things I'd like to say here．7关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法a．由"this／that kind／type of +名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式；而由"these／those kind／type of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;例如：kind of apples is highly priced．这种kinds of tests are good．那些b．由“a number of,a total of,an avera ge of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式；由“the number of,the total of,the average of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：A number of students are waiting for the bus．The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.c．one of,the only one of的一致用法This is one of the books that have been recommended．This is the only one of the books that has been recommended．3．前后呼应的用法1当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,eve rything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式;例如：If anybody calls,tell him that I'm out．Something strange happened,didn't itEvery passenger has to carry his own luggage．2人称代词与名词的呼应：人称代词I me,he him,she her,it it都是代替前面的单数名词,而they them,we us则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数;但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示;例如：If a young person enters a classical music field only for money,he is in the wrong profession．The leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous to horses and when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours;3物主代词与名词的呼应：my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致;例如：The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut．Delphins are warm-blooded；that is,their body temperature always stays about thesame,regardless of the surroundings．4反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应;Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.Everybody clings to this illusion about himself．I have just been out to get myself a cup of tea．5指示代词与所代名词间的呼应：this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”;例如：She invited all those who had been her former colleagues．The amount of the pressure caused by the weight of a column of fluid is determined by the height of this column．6much和much of后接不可数名词,而many和many of 后接可数名词的复数;例如：There is not much coal left．A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake．7表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词;接可数名词的有：a number of,a range of,a series of十复数名词；接不可数名词的有：a great deal of,an amount of十不可数名词；既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有：a lot of,a variety of;例如： government attached a great deal of importance to education．a number of women applied for this job．college library has a variety of books．apple is a variety of fruit．wide range of disorders can affect the human muscular system．。
主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
主谓一致 就近原则.代表词汇：Neither ....... n orWhether ...... o r ........Not only ...... but also .........bxcep ；besides but ； including;例如：IHe rather than I is right. Nobody but two StUdentS is in the CIaSSrodm.主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including 等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1. There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2. neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3. either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4. not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称邻近原则”就近一致原则”(Proximity),即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在人称、数”上一致。
主谓一致和就近就远原则主谓一致和就近原则是语法中的重要概念，用于确定主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系。
主谓一致指的是主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致；就近原则指的是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。
首先，主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致。
在英语中，一般来说，第三人称单数主语需要用动词的第三人称单数形式，而其他人称和数则使用动词的一般形式。
例如，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加s或es，如he goes，she thinks。
而当主语是第一人称单数或复数，第二人称单数或复数时，谓语动词则保持一般形式，如I go，we think，you study。
其次，就近原则指的是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。
在一个句子中，如果存在多个主语，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据最近的主语决定。
例如，句子“Tom and his friends are going to the party”中，谓语动词are是根据最近的主语Tom决定的，而不是前面的friends。
而在句子“His friends and Tom is going to the party”中，谓语动词is则是根据最近的主语Tom决定的，而不是前面的friends。
主谓一致和就近原则在句子中起到了重要作用，确保了语法的正确性和语言的连贯性。
下面将分别对主谓一致和就近原则进行具体说明。
主谓一致的几个注意事项：1.主谓一致在人称上的一致性，即主语和谓语动词要在人称上保持一致。
例如，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；当主语是第一人称单数或复数时，谓语动词要用一般形式；当主语是第二人称单数或复数时，谓语动词要用一般形式。
例如：- She goes to school every day.（第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式）- They go to school every day.（第三人称复数，谓语动词用一般形式）- I go to school every day.（第一人称单数，谓语动词用一般形式）- We go to school every day.（第一人称复数，谓语动词用一般形式）- You go to school every day.（第二人称单数或复数，谓语动词用一般形式）2.主谓一致在数上的一致性，即主语和谓语动词要在数上保持一致。
主谓一致——就近原则在英语语法中，主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。
也就是说，如果主语是单数形式，则谓语也必须是单数形式；如果主语是复数形式，则谓语也必须是复数形式。
而在多个主语出现的情况下，就近原则被用来决定谓语的形式。
就近原则意味着谓语的形式与最近的主语一致。
以下是几个关于主谓一致就近原则的有趣例子：1.当最近的主语为单数时，谓语也需要用单数形式：- Mary or her friends (is/are) going to the concert tonight? （Mary 或者她的朋友们（将会）去参加今晚的音乐会？）- The answer is Mary. （答案是Mary。
）2.当最近的主语为复数时，谓语也需要用复数形式：- Either the cats or the dog (is/are) responsible for knocking over the vase. （是猫还是狗（负）责打翻了花瓶？）- The cats are responsible for the mess on the floor. （是猫把地板弄得一团糟。
）3.当最近的主语为单数和复数混合时，谓语通常采用复数形式：- Neither the teacher nor the students (was/were) happy with the test results. （既不是老师也不是学生（对考试结果）感到满意。
）- The students were disappointed with their grades. （学生们对他们的分数感到失望。
）4.当最近的主语为两个同一类的名词时，谓语通常与最近的主语保持一致：- The cat and the dog (is/are) playing in the garden. （猫和狗（在花园里）玩耍。
）- The cat is chasing the dog. （猫正在追逐狗。
主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk....nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right....or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
I.在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
.①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II. 非正式文体中：有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。
.Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。
（非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。
.No one except his own supporters agree(s) with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。
（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。
“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
主谓一致分为两大类：就近一致原则和意义一致原则。
就近一致原则指的是，以靠近谓语动词的，作主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准。
意义一致原则指的是，必须分析主语属于单数或是复数，可数或是不可数，然后才能决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。
就近一致原则（1）连词not only...but also/ neither...nor/ or/ either...or/ not...but <><><>Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生而且老师都在津津乐道地看着电影。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.同学们和老师对此都一无所知。
Neither he nor they are wholly right.他和他们，谁都不是完全对的。
Either he or I am right.或者他对，或者我对。
就近一致原则（2）副词here/ there<><><>Here comes the bus.瞧，公共汽车来了。
Here is a pencil-box for you.这儿有一个铅笔盒要给你。
Here are my replies to your questions.这些是我针对你的问题的回答。
There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.盘子里有一个苹果，两条香蕉和一些桔子。
主谓一致：andand的两边分别是不同的可数名词。
John and Mary are my friends.约翰和玛丽都是我的朋友。
<><><>and的两边分别是不同的不可数名词。
Both rice and wheat are grown in China.中国有种水稻也有种小麦。
<><><>and的两边的单词构成一个统一的概念。
Fish and chips is a popular supper here.炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。
（鱼和土豆片作为整体）那位诗人兼作家来了。
（同一个人既是诗人又是作家）主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致，句子的主语是第三人称单数，其谓语动词须用单数，主语是复数，则谓语动词用复数。
1．主谓一致的三个原则。
英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近原则。
这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。
(1)语法一致原则：主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也应采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也应采取复数形式。
She is a girl．她是女孩。
They are all girls．她们都是女孩。
The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures.这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。
（教授与作家是同一个人，是单数.）The old are very well taken care of in our city．老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。
( the old指所有的老年人，指一类人，为复数概念。
）(2)就近原则：谓语动词的人称和数由靠近它的主语决定。
There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk.书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。
There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk.书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。
Either my sisters or my mother is coming.不是我的姐妹们就是我的妈妈要来。
(3)意义一致原则：主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语形式上是复数，但表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式。
The police are still running after the murderer.警察还在追杀人犯。
The news was very exciting.这则新闻令人激动。
My family were watching TV at 7 o'clock.7点钟的时候，我们全家人在看电视。
My family has moved three times．我们家搬过三次。
2．主谓一致的应用。
(1)单一主语的情况。
单一主语指的是由一个中心名词或名词短语构成的主语，其主语与谓语的一致情况如下：①不定代词作主语a．不定代词either, neither, each, one, the other, another,someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everyone, everybody,everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数、 b. none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。
Jimmy has used up all the money. None is left.吉米把所有的钱都用光了，一点没留。
c. neither/either of＋复数名词或复数形式的代词，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
Neither of these words is correct.这些单词没有一个是正确的。
d. the other two（…），the other three（…）another two( ... ) , both 等作主语时谓语动词用复数、Five people came to help，but another three were still needed.已经有五个人来帮忙了，但我们还需要三个e. all指人时作主语，谓语动词用复数；指全部事情时，谓语动词常用单数‘All the work was finished.所有的活都干完了All is going well一切都很正常.f．在each… . and each，every….and every，no….and no,many a. . .and many a等由and连接并列单数主语的结构中，谓语动词用单数、Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位.Every man and everv woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作.No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.很长时间没有听到一点声音Every boy and every girl likes the film star.所有的男孩和女孩都喜欢这个电影明星g. such山作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意义而定、Such is Stephen Hawking，who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much．这就是史蒂芬·霍金，遭受着巨大痛苦而作出巨大成就的人。
