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手机的发展史英语作文80词1In the vast expanse of technological progress, the development of mobile phones stands as a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and the insatiable pursuit of convenience and connectivity. The journey began with the clunky and cumbersome brick-like devices known as "cellular phones" or the infamous "big brothers". These early models were huge in size and had very basic functions, mainly allowing for simple voice calls.As time marched on, we witnessed the emergence of flip phones and slider phones. Their appearance became more compact and sleek, no longer the bulky giants of yesteryears. These phones offered not only improved portability but also added features such as text messaging and rudimentary games.Fast forward to the present day, and we are now in the era of smartphones. These revolutionary devices boast powerful operating systems that act as gateways to a world of possibilities. With an array of sophisticated applications at our fingertips, smartphones have transformed the way we communicate, work, entertain ourselves, and access information. We can now video chat with loved ones across the globe in real-time, manage our finances, capture precious moments with high-resolution cameras, and explore endless knowledge through the internet.The development of mobile phones is not just a story of technological advancements; it is a narrative of how our lives have been shaped and enhanced by these remarkable devices. They have become an integral part of our existence, connecting us to the world and enabling us to do things that were once unimaginable. As we look forward to the future, one can only wonder what further innovations and breakthroughs await in the realm of mobile technology.2The development of mobile phones has had a profound and far-reaching impact on our lives. In the past, communication was mainly achieved through letters or fixed-line telephones, which were often limited by time and space. However, with the advent and continuous evolution of mobile phones, this situation has undergone a dramatic transformation. Now, people can contact each other instantly regardless of distance, making communication more convenient and efficient.The changes brought about by mobile phones are not limited to communication. They have also revolutionized the way we socialize. Online social platforms enabled by mobile phones have allowed us to connect with friends and strangers from all over the world, expanding our social circles and facilitating the exchange of ideas and information.In terms of work, mobile phones have become indispensable tools. They enable us to handle business affairs anytime and anywhere, accessimportant documents and data, and stay in touch with colleagues and clients. This has greatly improved work efficiency and flexibility.In the field of learning, mobile phones provide us with abundant educational resources. We can download various learning apps, watch online courses, and search for information to enhance our knowledge and skills.When it comes to entertainment, mobile phones offer a wide range of options such as games, videos, and music. They have become an important source of relaxation and enjoyment in our busy lives.In conclusion, the development of mobile phones has brought about numerous benefits and conveniences, shaping our lives in ways that were once unimaginable. However, while enjoying these advantages, we also need to be aware of the potential problems such as excessive reliance and information overload, and strive to use mobile phones in a rational and healthy manner.3The development of mobile phones has been a remarkable journey, filled with numerous technological breakthroughs that have transformed our lives in profound ways. One of the key advancements was the shift from analog to digital signals. This transition significantly improved the clarity and reliability of communication, allowing for more accurate and stable connections.The evolution of network technologies from 2G to 5G has been nothing short of revolutionary. 2G provided basic voice calls and text messaging, but with the arrival of 3G, data transmission became faster, enabling web browsing and simple app usage. 4G brought high-speed data, making video streaming and online gaming a common experience. And now, 5G is ushering in an era of ultra-low latency and massive connectivity, facilitating applications such as autonomous vehicles and smart cities.The continuous innovation in screen technology has also been a driving force. From the early small, low-resolution screens to the large, high-definition, and touch-sensitive displays we have today, the visual experience has been enhanced dramatically. Screens have become more vibrant, with better color reproduction and contrast ratios, providing users with a more immersive and enjoyable viewing experience.These technological leaps have not only changed the way we communicate but also reshaped the way we work, learn, and entertain ourselves. Mobile phones have become indispensable tools that empower us to access information, connect with people around the world, and perform various tasks with ease. The future holds even more promise as research and development continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, making our lives more convenient and connected than ever before.4The development of mobile phones has been an astonishing journey.In the past, mobile phones were merely used for making and receiving calls and sending simple text messages. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, they have evolved into powerful devices that have revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and live.Today, we witness remarkable features such as high-resolution cameras that rival professional cameras, advanced operating systems that support a multitude of applications, and powerful processors that enable seamless multitasking. The introduction of 5G technology has further enhanced data transfer speeds, facilitating real-time video streaming and efficient downloads.Looking into the future, the possibilities seem endless. We can anticipate more powerful artificial intelligence applications integrated into mobile phones. Imagine having a virtual assistant that not only understands your voice commands but also anticipates your needs and preferences based on your behavioral patterns. Foldable screen technology is likely to become more widespread, offering larger displays in a more compact form factor. This would provide users with a more immersive viewing experience for multimedia content and enhanced productivity when working on the go.Moreover, seamless connection with other smart devices will become the norm. Mobile phones will act as central hubs, controlling and interacting with smart home appliances, wearable devices, and evenautomotive systems. This integration will create a unified and interconnected ecosystem that simplifies our daily lives.In conclusion, the future of mobile phones holds great promise. As technology continues to advance at an unprecedented pace, we can expect mobile phones to play an even more integral role in shaping our lives and transforming the way we interact with the world around us.5The development of mobile phones has been a remarkable journey that has profoundly transformed our society and the way we live. In the early days, mobile phones were large, clunky devices with basic calling and texting functions. They were primarily used for emergency communication and were a luxury rather than a necessity.However, as technology advanced at an astonishing pace, mobile phones evolved into sophisticated devices that are now an integral part of our daily lives. They have not only made communication instantaneous and effortless but have also significantly accelerated the speed of information dissemination. We can now access news, knowledge, and entertainment at the click of a button, anywhere and anytime.This rapid access to information has undoubtedly changed the pace of our lives. We are constantly connected, always on the go, and expected to respond promptly. While this has increased productivity and efficiency in many ways, it has also led to a sense of constant busyness and stress.Moreover, the proliferation of mobile phones has raised concerns about privacy. With the amount of personal data we store on these devices and the constant tracking and monitoring by various apps and services, protecting our privacy has become a crucial issue.In conclusion, the history of mobile phones is a testament to human innovation and technological progress. But as we enjoy the convenience and benefits they bring, we must also reflect on the challenges and implications they pose to our society and individual lives. We need to strike a balance between embracing technology and safeguarding our well-being and privacy.。
手机的发展历史简介英语作文英文回答：History of Mobile Phone Development.The concept of mobile communication has been around for centuries, with early forms including the telegraph and radio. However, the development of the modern mobile phone as we know it began in the 1970s.1973: Motorola DynaTAC 8000X.The first truly portable mobile phone, the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, was introduced in 1973. It weighed over 2 pounds and had a talk time of just 30 minutes.1983: Commercial Mobile Phone Launch.In 1983, the first commercial mobile phone network was launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT).The phones used in this network were analog and bulky, but they paved the way for future developments.1990s: Digital Mobile Phones.The 1990s saw the introduction of digital mobile phones, which offered better sound quality, longer battery life,and more features than analog phones. The first digital mobile phone standard, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), was launched in 1991.2000s: Smartphones and 3G Networks.The early 2000s marked the advent of smartphones, which combined the functionality of a mobile phone with the capabilities of a personal computer. In 2002, Research In Motion (RIM) released the BlackBerry 9500, one of the first smartphones.Around the same time, 3G (third-generation) mobile networks were introduced, offering faster data speeds and improved mobile broadband capabilities.2010s: 4G and 5G Networks.The 2010s witnessed the development and deployment of4G (fourth-generation) mobile networks, which provided even faster data speeds and expanded the possibilities formobile applications and services.In recent years, 5G (fifth-generation) mobile networks have emerged, promising ultra-fast data speeds, low latency, and enhanced connectivity for a wide range of devices.Current State of Mobile Phone Development.Today, mobile phones are an indispensable part of modern life. They offer a wide range of features and functionalities, including voice calls, text messaging, internet access, social media, and location-based services.The mobile phone industry is constantly evolving, with new technologies and innovations emerging all the time. As mobile networks continue to improve and the capabilities ofmobile devices expand, we can expect to see even more transformative applications and services in the years to come.中文回答：手机发展历史。
手机发展过程英文作文英文：The development of mobile phones has been a fascinating journey over the past few decades. From the first mobile phone invented by Martin Cooper in 1973 to the sleek smartphones we use today, mobile phones have come a long way.In the early days, mobile phones were bulky and expensive, and were only used by a select few. However, as technology advanced, mobile phones became smaller and more affordable, and soon became a must-have accessory for people all over the world.One of the major milestones in the development of mobile phones was the introduction of the first smartphone in 1993. This device, known as the IBM Simon, had a touch screen and could send and receive faxes and emails. It was a game-changer in the mobile phone industry and paved theway for the smartphones we use today.Another major development in the mobile phone industry was the introduction of 3G technology in the early 2000s. This allowed for faster internet speeds and the ability to stream videos and music on our mobile devices. It was a huge step forward in the way we use our phones and opened up a whole new world of possibilities.Today, smartphones are an essential part of our daily lives. We use them to stay connected with friends and family, to work, to shop, and to entertain ourselves. With the introduction of 5G technology, the possibilities for mobile phones are endless, and we can only imagine what the future will bring.中文：手机的发展历程是一个令人着迷的旅程，从马丁·库珀在1973年发明的第一部手机到我们今天使用的时尚智能手机，手机已经走过了漫长的道路。
手机的发明历史作文英语The invention of the mobile phone marks a significant milestone in the history of communication technology. Its evolution traces back to the early 20th century when the concept of wireless communication first emerged. Here, we delve into the fascinating journey of the mobile phone's invention and its transformation over the years.The roots of the mobile phone can be traced back to the pioneering work of inventors such as Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They laid the groundwork for wireless communication through their experiments with radio waves. However, it wasn'tuntil the mid-20th century that the concept of a handheld mobile device began to take shape.One of the earliest precursors to the modern mobile phone was the car phone, which emerged in the 1940s and1950s. These devices were bulky and installed in vehicles, allowing users to make calls while on the move. However,they were limited in functionality and accessibility.The true breakthrough came in the 1970s and 1980s with the development of cellular networks and the introduction of the first handheld mobile phones. In 1973, Motorola engineer Martin Cooper made history by placing the first-ever cellular phone call on a handheld device. This event marked the birth of the modern mobile phone.The 1980s witnessed rapid advancements in mobile phone technology, with the introduction of devices such as the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, which became the first commercially available handheld mobile phone. However, these early models were expensive and bulky, limiting their widespread adoption.Throughout the 1990s, mobile phone technology continued to evolve, with the introduction of smaller and more affordable devices. The launch of the Nokia 1011 in 1992 marked a significant milestone, becoming the first mass-produced GSM mobile phone. This paved the way for the global expansion of mobile phone usage.The turn of the 21st century saw the convergence of mobile phones with other technologies, such as the internet and digital cameras. The introduction of smartphones revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world around us. Devices like the BlackBerry, introduced in 2003, and the iPhone, launched in 2007, redefined the capabilities of mobile phones, turning them into powerful pocket-sized computers.In recent years, the mobile phone industry has continued to innovate, with advancements in areas such as5G technology, artificial intelligence, and augmented reality. Today, mobile phones are more than just communication devices; they are integral parts of our daily lives, serving as tools for entertainment, productivity, and connectivity.In conclusion, the invention of the mobile phone has transformed the way we communicate and interact with the world. From its humble beginnings as a bulky car phone to the sleek and powerful smartphones of today, the mobilephone has come a long way. Its evolution continues unabated, promising even more exciting developments in the years to come.。
中国汉字演变过程英语作文The evolution of Chinese characters is a fascinating process that reflects the rich history and culture of China. Each character has its own unique story and has undergone various changes over the centuries. From ancient pictograms to the complex characters used today, the evolution of Chinese characters is a testament to the creativity and ingenuity of the Chinese people.The earliest Chinese characters were simple pictograms that represented objects or ideas. Over time, these pictograms evolved into more abstract and stylized forms, making them easier to write and understand. This gradual transformation allowed Chinese characters to be more widely used and understood by a larger population.As Chinese characters continued to evolve, they became more standardized and uniform, making it easier for people from different regions to communicate with each other. This standardization also helped to preserve the integrity andbeauty of the characters, ensuring that they remained a vital part of Chinese culture and identity.In modern times, the evolution of Chinese characters has been influenced by technological advancements, such as the invention of the printing press and the rise of digital communication. These developments have led to changes in the way Chinese characters are written and displayed, but they have also helped to preserve and promote the use of characters in a rapidly changing world.Despite these changes, the essence of Chinese characters remains unchanged. They continue to be a source of pride and identity for the Chinese people, and their evolution is a testament to the enduring power and beauty of this ancient writing system.。
手机的发展历程作文英文英文：The development of mobile phones has been a remarkable journey. From the first mobile phone invented in 1973 by Motorola, which weighed 2.5 pounds and cost $3,995, to the sleek and powerful smartphones we have today, it's been an incredible transformation.In the early days, mobile phones were seen as a luxury item and were only affordable to the wealthy. They were also quite large and bulky, making them inconvenient to carry around. However, as technology improved and competition increased in the market, mobile phones became more affordable and smaller in size. This led to an increase in demand for mobile phones, and they soon became a necessity for people from all walks of life.The introduction of smartphones in the early 2000s marked a turning point in the history of mobile phones.These devices were not just for making calls and sending text messages, but also for browsing the internet, taking photos, playing games, and much more. Smartphones have become an integral part of our lives, and we rely on them for communication, entertainment, and even work.The development of mobile phones has also had a significant impact on industries such as banking, healthcare, and education. Mobile banking has made it easier for people to manage their finances, while mobile health apps have made it easier for people to monitor their health and fitness. In education, mobile phones have become a valuable tool for learning, with many educational apps and resources available for students of all ages.In conclusion, the development of mobile phones has been a remarkable journey, and it's exciting to think about what the future holds for these devices. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative features and capabilities in our mobile phones.中文：手机的发展历程是一个非常值得关注的话题。
手机火车汉字发展史英文版Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT手机火车汉字发展史英文版手机发展史英文版The history of mobile phones begins with early efforts to develop radio telephone technology and from two-way radios in vehicles and continues through emergence of modern mobile phones and associated services.Radiophones have a long and varied history going back to Reginald Fessenden's invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the Second World War with military use of radio telephony links and civil services in the 1950s, while hand-held mobile radio devices have been available since 1973. Mobile phone history is often divided into generations (first, second, third and so on) to mark significant step changes in capabilities as the technology improved over the years.Contents [hide]1 Pioneers of radio telephony2 Emergence of commercial mobile phone services3 First generation: Cellular networks4 Second generation: Digital networks5 Third generation: High speed IP data networks6 Growth of mobile broadband and the emergence of 4G7 Patents8 See also9 Notes10 References11 External links[edit] Pioneers of radio telephonyIn 1908, . Patent 887,357 for a wireless telephone was issued to Nathan B. Stubblefield of Murray, Kentucky. He applied this patent to "cave radio" telephones and not directly to cellular telephony as the term is currently understood.[1]In 1910 Lars Magnus Ericsson installed a telephone in his car, although this was not a radio telephone. While travelling across the country, he would stop at a place where telephone lines were accessible and using a pair of long electric wires he could connect to the national telephone network.[2]In Europe, radio telephony was first used on the first-class passenger trains between Berlin and Hamburg in 1926. At the same time, radio telephony was introduced on passenger airplanes forair traffic security. Later radio telephony was introduced on a large scale in German tanks during the Second World War. Afterthe war German police in the British zone of occupation firstused disused tank telephony equipment to run the first radiopatrol cars.[citation needed] In all of these cases the servicewas confined to specialists that were trained to use the equipment. In the early 1950s ships on the Rhine were among the first to use radio telephony with an untrained end customer as a user.Two-way radios (known as mobile rigs) were used in vehicles such as taxicabs, police cruisers, and ambulances, but were not mobile phones because they were not normally connected to the telephone network. Users could not dial phone numbers from their vehicles. A large community of mobile radio users, known as the mobileers, popularized the technology that would eventually give way to the mobile phone. Originally, mobile two-way radios were permanently installed in vehicles, but later versions such as the so-called transportables or "bag phones" were equipped with a cigarette lighter plug so that they could also be carried, andthus could be used as either mobile or as portable two-way radios. During the early 1940s, Motorola developed a backpacked two-way radio, the Walkie-Talkie and later developed a large hand-heldtwo-way radio for the US military. This battery powered "Handie-Talkie" (HT) was about the size of a man's forearm.In 1946 soviet engineers G. Shapiro and I. Zaharchenko successfully tested their version of a radio mobile phone mountedinside a car. The device could connect to local telephone network with a range of up to 20 kilometers.Top of cellular telephone towerIn December 1947, Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young, Bell Labs engineers, proposed hexagonal cells for mobile phones in vehicles.[3] Philip T. Porter, also of Bell Labs, proposed that the cell towers be at the corners of the hexagons rather than the centers and have directional antennas that would transmit/receive in three directions (see picture at right) into three adjacent hexagon cells.[4] The technology did not exist then and the frequencies had not yet been allocated. Cellular technology was undeveloped until the 1960s, when Richard H. Frenkiel and Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs developed the electronics.During the 1950s the experiments of the pioneers started to appear as usable services across society, both commercially and culturally. In the 1954 movie Sabrina, the businessman Linus Larrabee (played by Humphrey Bogart) makes a call from the phone in the back of his limousine.In 1958, Kupriyanovich resized his "radiophone" to "pocket" version. The weight of improved "light" handset was about 500 grams.In 1967, each mobile phone had to stay within the cell area serviced by one base station throughout the phone call. This did not provide continuity of automatic telephone service to mobile phones moving through several cell areas.In 1969, a patent for a wireless phone using an acoustic coupler for incoming calls was issued in US Patent Number3,449,750 to George Sweigert of Euclid, Ohio on June 10, 1969. Dialing a number for outgoing calls was not provided.The concepts of frequency reuse and handoff, as well as a number of other concepts that formed the basis of modern cell phone technology, were described in the 1970s. In 1970 Amos E. Joel, Jr., another Bell Labs engineer,[6] invented an automatic "call handoff" system to allow mobile phones to move through several cell areas during a single conversation without loss of conversation. Also Fluhr and Nussbaum,[7] Hachenburg et al.[8] , and . Patent 4,152,647, issued May 1, 1979 to Charles A. Gladden and Martin H. Parelman, both of Las Vegas, Nevada and assigned by them to the United States Government.汉字发展史英文版In the last 50 or so years, inscriptions have been found on pottery in a variety of locations in China such as Bànpō nearXī'ān, as well as on bone and bone marrows at Hualouzi, Chang'anCounty near Xi'an. These simple, often geometric marks have been frequently compared to some of the earliest known Chinese characters, on the oracle bones, and some have taken them to mean that the history of Chinese writing extends back over six millennia.However, because these marks occur singly, without any context to imply, and because they are generally extremely crude and simple, Qiú Xīguī (2000, p. 31) concluded that "we do not have any basis for stating that these constituted writing, nor is there reason to conclude that they were ancestral to Shang dynasty Chinese characters." Isolated graphs and pictures continue to be found periodically, frequently accompanied by media reports pushing back the purported beginnings of Chinese writing a few thousand years. For example, at Damaidi in Ningxia, 3,172 pictorial cliff carvings dating to 6000–5000 BC have been discovered, leading to headlines such as "Chinese writing '8,000 years old.'"[6] Similarly, archaeologists report finding a few inscribed symbols on tortoise shells at the Neolithic site of Jiahu in Henan, dated to around 6,600–6,200 BCE, leading to headlines of "'Earliest writing' found in China.[7]In his comment released to the BBC, Professor David Keightley urged caution in the latter instance, pointing to the lack of anydirect cultural connection to Shāng culture, combined with gaps between them of many millennia. However, in the same BBC article, a supporting argument is provided by Dr Garman Harbottle, of the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York, US, who collaborated with a team of archaeologists at the University of Science and Technology of China, in Anhui province in the discovery. Dr Harbottle points to the persistence of sign use at differentsites along the Yellow River throughout the Neolithic and up to the Shāng period, when a complex writing system appears.[7] One group of sites of interest is the Dàwènkǒu culture sites (2800–2500 BCE, only one millennium earlier than t he early Shāng culture sites, and positioned so as to be plausibly albeit indirectly ancestral to the Shāng). There, a few inscribedpottery and jade pieces have been found,[8] one of which combines pictorial elements (resembling, according to some, a sun, moon or clouds, and fire or a mountain) in a stack which brings to mind the compounding of elements in Chinese characters. Major scholars are divided in their interpretation of such inscribed symbols. Some, such as Yú Xǐngwú,[9] Táng Lán[10] and Lǐ Xuéqín,[11] have identified these with specific Chinese characters. Others such as Wang Ningsheng[12] interpret them as pictorial symbols such as clan insignia, rather than writing. But in the view of WangNingsheng, "True writing begins when it represents sounds and consists of symbols that are able to record language. The few isolated figures found on pottery still cannot substantiate this point."[13]火车发展史的英文介绍+汉译China Railway began in the late Qing Dynasty. However, the Qing government corruption, conservative, authoritarian, but regulation of ancestors from, refused to accept new things. They built railways, the application of steam as a "淫巧often associated with", that will repair the railway "I lost dangers, harm I Tin House, hindered my feng shui", which stubbornly refused to build the railway.July 3, 1876, from Britain, the United States of collusion by British agents in China - Jardines - ostensibly carrying the construction of the Qing government to Shanghai from Wusong an "unusual road," the land without permission in China China built the first business of the railway line is completed, the opening of the Shanghai Wusong the. Subsequently, the Qing government of the two silver 285000, at 3 times the redemption payment and the removal of the railway.1879, Westernization Group leader Li order to Tangshan Kaiping coal mine to Tianjin, Tangshan奏请to the construction of the railway Beitang. The Qing government to railway locomotive "smoke 禾稼injury, vibration sleep hills," he decided to shorten the rail, only repair a section of the Tangshan Coal to Xu, Xu芦台Coal to inter-cut canal, connecting蓟运河to achieve Beitang Haikou; sleep in order to avoid rolling hills shock decision by horse traction vehicles.However, using horse traction vehicles can not play should be the effectiveness of the railway, in 1881 the opening of the railway Tang Xu, the Chinese workers, then an engineer with the British payment of the several design drawings, the boiler and the mine shaft lifting frame the trough of the old iron and other materials, the success of a trial-type 0-3-0 steam locomotive. This is the history of China's first locomotive manufacturing.Another argument is that China's first train a Tang Xu then Chief Engineer of the British rail thin model with the wife of George Stevenson of the famous British-made steam "No. rocket" and caused by, and It is named "China's No. rocket." But the Chinese workers in locomotive engraved on both sides of the one-stop, so they call it "The Dragon" Train.Because photos can clearly see the Rocket of China (Chinese rockets) and long word mark, so future generations have been identified this is the first Chinese-made motorcycles. However,left over from the picture we can see that this locomotive design specifications, manufacturing well, how can and from the waste material to create a "monster", etc. viewIn 2003, the British study of Chinese railway彼得克拉什Jindal found a "China No. rocket" group photo. By comparison, one cansee this photo on the "China No. rocket" and the picture kept on "China's No. rockets" are obviously different: the chimney of a small locomotive and the rates high, a thick and short;locomotive both sides of the tank before a shoe-shaped block, a; driver's cab, a tag is the № 1, a circular marker is ... ... asa result of old age, lack of information, the first Chinese-made motorcycles mystery remains uncertain and can not be the truth.China Railway Museum a collection of Taiwan and China's oldest locomotive, since it has a great body of the "0" character, it is then it is referred to as the "0" Train. Research experts concluded that after the opening of the railway Tang Xu, "in 1882, and from the United Kingdom to purchase two small 0-2-0 type(only two pairs of drive wheels) locomotive (called 0), and toparticipate in running." Were considered to be China The first imports of a motorcycle.Since 1881, Tang Xu railway built in 1911 to the fall of the Qing government for 30 years, is the first stage of China's railway. This stage, the Qing government and internally as a result of Westernization Group recommends that people with lofty ideals and promote the continuous, not only changing the construction of the railway will "lose my dangers, harm I Tin House, hindered my feng shui" of understanding, but accept the lessons of the war a failure and further strengthening the understanding of Haiphong to the "opening of the railway may be the remedy for the military" finally determine the policy of railway construction, the establishment of the railway company, began planning to build a railway. 30 years, China's 18 provinces and cities in the construction of the railway of kilometers. Some of these government-run railway, some commercial, some government officials and businessmen co-organized, there is a part of Sino-foreign joint, or simply repair is a foreigner.The wheel of history to enter the Republic of China, the railway construction has changed the situation. Interim government in Nanjing in the early days of its establishment with the Ministry of Communications, also has set up the ChineseRailway Association and China National Railway Company. In 1928 from the beginning of the ruling KMT government in Nanjing, in his long rule of more than 20 years, although the development of a large-scale development of the railway project and the Ministry of Railways had set up the national railway undertaking unified management, but does not build the railway. Lack of the national railway branch less dry conditions, poor people in the country decline, the case of years of war has not changed. In 1949, the Chinese locomotive may have the 4069 Statistics of Taiwan, respectively, from nine countries, more than 30 factories, as many as 198 kinds of motorcycle models, it is no wonder China is known as a "locomotive State Museum." According to the information available now, with imports from the United Kingdomin 1892 to create the Double, Bershire type (type than Shell) and other locomotive.翻译：中国有铁路始于清朝末期。
