2012年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试《高级英语》试卷

《高级英语》自考试题及答案解析一、单选题（共46题，共0分）1.We must try to create a more caring, more _____ society.A. compassionatepetitiveAB正确答案：A2.It was _____ and she did not know enough to analyze each problem properly.A.encouragingB.exhaustingAB正确答案：B3.Although each TV series will be rated on the basis of its usual content, the ratings can _____ from week to weekA.flowB.fluctuateAB正确答案：BHis _____ and unwillingness to learn from others prevent him from being an effective member of the teamA.arroganceB.advantageAB正确答案：A5.This _____ factor means that there is often a connection in appearance and temperament between parents and children.A.historicalB.hereditaryAB正确答案：B6.Though she _____ and pleaded, he refused to go to the dance.A.coaxedB.admonishedAB正确答案：A7.Jack managed to get 147 tapes and 100 books plus lots of magazines through customs in a(n> _____ wayA.incredulousB.miraculous正确答案：B8.These days people are becoming more and more _____ about the food they eat.A.sophisticatedB.selectiveAB正确答案：B9.The question of going to the United States for a doctor _____ his mindA.preoccupiedB.intrudedAB正确答案：A10.In the last twenty years, breakthroughs in technology have _____ advanced the way we communicate, bringing us computers, cell phones and the Internet.A.profoundlyB.deeplyAB正确答案：A除哪项外，下列皆可为血瘀的病因A.气虚B.气滞C.血寒D.饮食停滞E.外伤ABCDE正确答案：D12.In our culture, we are accustomed to sophisticated prescription drugs containing a _____ of chemical ingredientsA.plentyB.varietyAB正确答案：B13.We cannot _____ the country ’s telecommunications to unqualified people。

2012年10月高等教育自学考试《高级英语》试题课程代码：00600I. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points, 1 point for each)When I was graduating from college, my generation also found the world in a 1 . The economic machinery had broken 2 almost everywhere: In this country nearly a quarter of the 3 was out of work. A major war seemed all 4 likely. As a college newspaper editor at that time, I protested against this 5 as vehemently as student activists are protesting today.I wonder if this blandness of our diet doesn't explain 6 so many of us are overweight and even dangerously so. When things had flavor, we knew what we were eating all the 7 and it satisfied us.A 8 of my mother-in-law's wild strawberry jam will entirely satisfy your jam desire. But, of the9 tinned or glass-packed strawberry jam, you need half a cupful to get the 10 of what you're eating.Literacy may not be an inalienable human right, but it is 11 that the highly literate Founding Fathers might not have found unreasonable or even 12 We are not only not attaining it 13 a nation, statistically speaking, but we are falling further and further 14 of attaining it. And, while I would not be so simplistic as to suggest that television is the cause, I believe it 15 and is an influence.To share a bedroom with one of these fellows is to lose one's 16 in human nature, for, even after the 17 eventful day, there is no comparing notes with them, no midnight confidence, no casting 18 the balance of the day's pleasure and pain. They sink, 19 once, into stupid, heavy slumber, leaving you to your own 20 devices. And they all snore abominably!Downtown, she 21 her car in a garage. Everything was getting ready for this moment. She did not carry the flowers in her 22 but she carried them in her heart. Now she was going to find out 23 it was death or life. Either 24 could tolerate. It did not 25 to her that the newsreel might not1.M2.C3.Y4.P5.J6.A7.F8.L9.R 10.I 11.W12.B 13.T 14.U 15.N 16.E 17.D 18.V 19.G 20.X 21.Q 22.S23.K 24.O 25.HII. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. ( 15 points, 1 point for each)26. The presiding judge described the terrorist attack as an D crime.A. alluringB. abusiveC. abnormalD. abominable27. The billionaire D his only daughter his entire estate.A. deprivedB. entrustedC. presentedD. bequeathed28. Through B teeth she told her ex-supervisor to leave immediately.A. sneezingB. clenchedC. shiveringD. drenched29. Despite all the goodwill in the world, the Middle East peace process remains As A andfrustrating as ever.A. elusiveB. evasiveC. inclusiveD. conducive30. The two great tennis players together make a(n) D combination.A. sizeableB. affordableC. perishableD. formidable31. He lived quietly with a woman who was neither young nor old, neither C nor pretty.A. sociableB. irritableC. homelyD. snobbish32. These TV viewers show a(n) C lack of understanding.A. generousB. irresistibleC. lamentableD. good-natured33. He showed great C of character when he refused to accept the bribes.A. forceB. abilityC. strengthD. potential34. I will go back to my peaceful house although it is humble and D .A. cozyB. meanC. wornD. shabby35. When the authority of fathers begins to A , political power generally collapses, as well.A. falterB. filterC. rumbleD. ramble36. The glass remained A after being dropped.A. intactB. contentC. abstractD. compact37. I C this speech to the memory of these women and children.A. devoteB. promoteC. dedicateD. indicate38. Try to do some physical activity three times a week for B health.A. opiumB. optimumC. minimumD. maximum39. They need to be B at collaborating with colleagues outside their own department.A. adoptB. adeptC. adaptD. abrupt40. He determined who would go first with a coin A .A: toss B. flingC. twistD. throwRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items III, IV, V.To Kill or Not to Kill(1) Capital punishment has been in effect since the 1600's. However, in 1972 the U.S. Supreme Courtruled that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment, which was unconstitutional according to the Eighth Amendment. It was public opinion that the current methods of execution, hanging, electrocution, and facing a firing squad, were too slow and painful upon the person to be executed. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed this decision when a cleaner way to bring about death was found in 1976. This cleaner way is death by lethal injection, which is quick and painless if administered right.(2) Many people have argued for and against capital punishment since it was reinstituted. Some say thedeath penalty is what the criminal deserves while others object to it because death is irreversible. I feel the death penalty is a good form of justice because only about 250 people a year get the death penalty and they are guilty beyond a doubt and don't deserve living with the possibility of parole. (3) The sentencing judge or jury are ordered by the Supreme Court to look for specific aggravating andmitigating factors in deciding which convicted murderers should be sentenced to death. Some of these mitigating factors are the defendant's motivation, character, personal history, and most of all remorse. Every year approximately 250 new offenders are added to death row. In 1994 there were 2,850 persons awaiting execution. Yet no more than thirty-eight people have been executed a year since 1976. This is a ridiculously low number compared to 199 persons executed in 1935.(4) The reason for this slow execution rate is the process of appeals. From sentencing to execution thereis about a seven-to-eight-year wait. The convicts' cases are reviewed by the state courts and through the federal courts. With all this opportunity for the case to be turned over or the sentence to be changed it is almost impossible for an innocent person to be executed. Only two people have been proved innocent after their execution in the United States. These wrongful deaths occurred in 1918 and 1949. Since then the justice system has undergone a lot of fine tuning making this extremely unlikely today.(5) One argument against the death penalty is that it costs less to imprison someone for life than toexecute them. This is a good point that has a lot of impact on a lot of people's views regardingcapital punishment since they are the ones footing the bill through taxes. I personally would not mind paying the little bit extra just so I know for sure that there's one less murderer on our planet. If the death-penalty was done away with, prisoners who should have been executed will be mixed in with other inmates. It would be possible and not too unlikely for them to kill another inmate or possibly a prison guard. If someone is lined up for execution then they more than likely deserve it.They have caused a great deal of grief to the family and friends of the victim or victims and it seems like the only way justice could be served is for the criminal to die.(6) For the person to simply go to jail seems unfair. There they will eat three meals a day, get to watchcable TV, and befriend other inmates. They live a pretty decent life in prison and they don't deserve it. Out of the fifty states in the United States 37 have and use capital punishment. Out of the same fifty states only 18 have life imprisonment without parole. In the other 32 states a person who should've been executed can be released after as little as 20 years in prison.(7) There are certain standards that are followed in giving out capital punishment. The defendant can notbe insane, and the real or criminal intent must be present. Also, minors very rarely receive the death penalty because they are not fully mature and might not know the consequences of their actions.Finally the mentally retarded are very seldom executed. The reason for not executing the retarded is that they often have difficulty defending themselves in court, have problems remembering details, locating witnesses, and testifying credibly on their own behalf.(8) If capital punishment were carded out more it would prove to be the crime deterrent it was partlyintended to be. Most criminals would think twice before committing murder if they knew their own lives are at, stake. As it tums out, as very few people are executed, so the death penalty is not a satisfactory deterrent. During highly publicized death penalty cases the homicide rate is found to go down but it goes back up when the case is over.(9) Thomas Edison, a famous scientist and American hero, helped develop and extensively promoted theelectric chair. The electric chair was a popular method of execution from the 1930s to the 1970s. The death penalty is a punishment that will remain active for a long time in the future, even with all the criticism. It is an ancient way of dealing with extremely serious offences that plague our country today. Hopefully the appeals process will be shortened, but remain effective, so more criminals can be executed, making prospective criminals think twice. III. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each)41. The death sentence was instituted some C years ago.A. 200B. 300C. 400D. 50042. According to the first paragraph, people generally thought that D .A. lethal injection was painful but quickB. death penalty was cruel and therefore should be abolishedC. facing a firing squad was a cleaner way for capital punishmentD. the methods then used to bring about death were slow and painful43. A method of execution that is not mentioned in this article is C .A. hangingB. injectionC. decapitationD. electrocution44. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "remorse" in Paragraph 3？ AA. regretB. rebellionC. revulsionD. recklessness45. Two persons put to death, one in 1918 and the other in 1949, were found to have been B .A. insaneB. wrongly killedC. mentally retardedD. executed without trial46. The expression "footing the bill" in Paragraph 5 can be best replaced by A .A. paying the costB. asking for paymentC. causing the expensesD. refunding the expenses47. In the passage, the author implies that D .A. more than 15 states in the United States do not use capital punishmentB. life imprisonment without parole is a heavier sentence than capital punishmentC. in the United States those who should've been executed live a miserable life in prisonD. in the United States a person who should'ye been executed might. be set free after only 20 years'imprisonment48. The expression "at stake" in Paragraph 8 means A .A. at riskB. at issueC. in a messD. out of control49. The author does not mention that D .A. capital punishment faces a lot of criticismB. the death penalty will continue to be carded outC. extremely serious offences are troubling the United StatesD. the death penalty is a modem way of handling atrocious crimes50. It is obvious that the author of this article C .A. does not object to abolishing capital punishmentB. shows sympathy to those guilty of unpardonable evilC. is in favor of sentencing those committing grave crimes to deathD. believes that many of those condemned to death do not deserve their punishmentIV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your Answer Sheet.(10 points, 2 points for each)51. Some say the death penalty is what the criminal deserves while others object to it because death isirreversible.译：有些人称罪犯被判死刑是因为罪有应得，而有些人却表示死亡是不可逆转的，并因此对死刑持反对意见。

综合英语(一)自考真题2012年10月(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)第一部分选择题Ⅰ.用适当语法形式或词汇填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案1.There has been ______ growth in industry this year than there should have been.• A. much• B. most• C. little• D. lessSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:D[解析] 译文：今年的工业增长值比本应达到的要少。

本句中出现了表示比较级的than，因此growth前的形容词应为比较级形式，由此可排除A、C项，most 表示最高级也不符合。

答案为D。

2.When you expect too much of others, you are ______ to become disappointed.• A. timely• B. probable• C. likely• D. possibleSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C[解析] 译文：当你对别人期望太高时，很可能会变得失望。

timely意为及时的，不符合题意，可首先排除。

be likely to do sth.是固定搭配，意为有可能……，符合本题。

probable和possible也都有“可能的”含义，但是多用于It is probable/possible...的句式中。

答案为C。

3.It is necessary ______ technical training for all the new employees.• A. to provide• B. to be provided• C. providing• D. being providedSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:A[解析] 译文：对新员工进行技术培训是有必要的。

绝密★考试结束前全国2012年10月高等教育自学考试高级英语试题课程代码:00600请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

全部题目用英文作答(英译汉题目除外）.选择题部分注意事项：1. 答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上.2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.不能答在试题卷上。

I．Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions．Choose the right one to complete the sentence．(15 points,1 point for each)1．The presiding judge described the terrorist attack as an ______ crime．A．alluring B．abusiveC．abnormal D．abominable2．The billionaire ______ his only daughter his entire estate．A．deprived B．entrustedC．presented D．bequeathed3．Through ______ teeth she told her ex-supervisor to leave immediately．A．sneezing B．clenchedC．shivering D．drenched4．Despite all the goodwill in the world，the Middle East peace process remains as ______ and frustrating as ever．A．elusive B．evasive1C．inclusive D．conducive5．The two great tennis players together make a(n）______ combination．A．sizeable B．affordableC．perishable D．formidable6．He lived quietly with a woman who was neither young nor old，neither ______ nor pretty．A．sociable B．irritableC．homely D．snobbish7．These TV viewers show a（n）______ lack of understanding．A．generous B．irresistibleC．lamentable D．good-natured8．He showed great ______ of character when he refused to accept the bribes．A．force B．abilityC．strength D．potential9．I will go back to my peaceful house although it is humble and ______．A．cozy B．meanC．worn D．shabby10．When the authority of fathers begins to ______，political power generally collapses,as well．A．falter B．filterC．rumble D．ramble11．The glass remained ______ after being dropped．A．intact B．contentC．abstract D．compact12．I ______ this speech to the memory of these women and children．A．devote B．promoteC．dedicate D．indicate13．Try to do some physical activity three times a week for ______ health．A．opium B．optimumC．minimum D．maximum14．They need to be ______ at collaborating with colleagues outside their own department．2A．adopt B．adeptC．adapt D．abrupt15．He determined who would go first with a coin ______．A．toss B．flingC．twist D．throwRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items II,III，IV。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项:⒈本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题两部分。

答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

⒉答第Ⅰ卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,不能答在本试卷上,否则无效。

⒊答第Ⅱ卷时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

⒋考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用(满分50分第一节语音知识(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分从A、B、C、D四个选项中,找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例:have A.gave B.save C.hat D.made答案是C。

⒈theater A.treasure B.wheat C.season D.realize⒉persuade ual B.insist C.sugar D.treasure⒊company A.alone B.carrot C.money D.knock⒋opposite A.service B.outside C.pioneer D.police⒌society A.official B.recent C.chocolate D.difficult第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever答案是B。

⒍–What shall we do tonight then?–___ –whatever you want.A.Help yourselfB.It's a dealC.No problemD.It's up to you⒎He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump.A.the; theB.不填; aC.the; aD.a; 不填⒏That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when⒐Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A.herselfB.thisC.thatD.it⒑Tony lent me the money, ___ that I'd do as much for him.A.hopingB.to hopeC.hopedD.having hoped⒒I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once.A.whenB.thanC.untilD.after⒓We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A.set aboutB.set upC.set outD.set down⒔Next to biology, I like physics ___ .A.betterB.bestC.the betterD.very well⒕–Did you ask Sophia for help?–I ___ need to –I managed perfectly well on my own.A.wouldn'tB.don'tC.didn'tD.won't⒖The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened to be on.A.to watchB.watchingC.watchedD.to have watched⒗100℃is the temperature ___ which water will boil.A.forB.atC.onD.of⒘I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.A.canB.mightC.wouldD.need⒙The manager ___ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A.has toldB.is tellingC.has been tellingD.will have told⒚The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city.A.qualityB.progressC.productionD.demand⒛–Try not to work yourself too hard.Take it easy.–Thanks.___A.So what?B.No way.C.What for?D.You, too第三节完形填空(每小题1.5分阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D 中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

全国2012年10月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题课程代码：00795请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYComplete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer.Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)1. The speaker’s Chinese is not so good, but he could make himself ______.A．understood B．understandC．to understand D．to be understood2. My mother, ______ whether anyone would come home to help her, had to prepare the supperall by herself.A．did not know B．not knowingC．had not known D．having not known3. So uncertain ______ about the background of his audience that he didn’t know how to start his lecture.A．he would become B．would he becomeC．he had become D．did he become4. ______ used to be considered impossible has now turned into realities.A．This B．That C．What D．Whatever5. The film is very popular with young people, but neither Mary nor her brothers ______interested in it.A．were B．was C．are D．is6．We have been talking about the travel plan for two hours．I think it’s time we ______a decision．A．make B．made C．will make D．have made7．It was because of the bad condition of the house ______ he decided to sell it and buy a new one．A．that B．so that C．so D．then8．According to some scientists，global warming ______ the survival of the whole human race．A．scares B．frightens C．threatens D．fears9．He is an easy-going，friendly young man with a ______ sort of attitude towards money．A．casual B．greedy C．careful D．serious10．She did not hear what you said because she was completely ______ in her reading．A．interested B．absorbed C．involved D．stuck11．He said that the situation was dangerous and that there was no time to ______ in reaching an agreement．A．spend B．save C．take D．lose12．It never ______ to them to question the committee’s decision．A．seems B．happens C．appears D．occurs13．The man’s influence on his daughter ______ as she grew older．A．declined B．shrank C．narrowed D．relaxed14．He finally realized how ______ his father’s advice was．A．worthy B．valuable C．efficient D．wealthy15．French is ______ spoken throughout the world，especially in former French colonies．A．generally B．mainly C．widely D．thoroughly II．CLOZEFill in each of the 15 blanks in the passage with the most likely answer．Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet.(1 point each，15 points in all) Play,in recreation, is any activity performed for amusement. Although people engage in play mainly to enjoy themselves，play also 16 the physical and mental health of individuals. Many people increase their physical 17 by swimming or hiking. Many people also improve their mental ability by playing word games or 18 puzzles.Play activities 19 one of three general groups. Motor play is physical exercise, such as skating or playing volleyball. Intellectual play primarily 20 mental activity, as in playing chess. Sensory play includes spectator activities, such as attending sports events.Play takes countless forms. A person may bounce a ball 21 or join in a game of basketball with several other people. Play activity may or may not be planned ahead of time. It cantake place 22 from in an individual’s mind to areas designed 23 for play, such as athletic fields.Some play activities are popular with both children and adults. Others appeal primarily 24 people of certain age groups. Children often 25 plays that require a great deal of imagination, such as dressing up and 26 to be adults. Adult play activities generally require more structured types of recreation, such as sports and games.For a child, playing is a form of 27 and a significant part of social development. Through playing, they express their ideas, moods, and personalities to other people. Babies only a few months old begin to play, 28 they can communicate effectively with words. Children learn to interact with one another by sharing toys. When they are older, they develop more teamwork skills by playing 29 in such games as volleyball.For an adult, playing is 30 relaxing during leisure time. Play activities can help relieve pressures caused by the tensions of daily life.16.A．brings out B．contributes to C．depends on D．accounts for17.A．soundness B．readiness C．fairness D．fitness18.A．solving B．settling C．clearing D．answering19.A．deal with B．begin with C．fall into D．break into20.A．reflects B．neglects C．resolves D．involves21.A．skillfully B．personally C．alone D．hard22.A．sometime B．anytime C．somewhere D．anywhere23.A．singularly B．specifically C．specially D．uniquely24.A．to B．for C．on D．at25.A．keep pace with B．take part inC．make fun of D．set foot on26.A．pretending B．contendingC．intending D．attending27.A．self-confidence B．self-defenseC．self-expression D．self-esteem28.A．no later than B．long beforeC．soon after D．as soon as29.A．cooperatively B．collectivelyC．independently D．individually30.A．an introduction to B．an insight intoC．a result of D．a way ofIII. PARAPHRASINGChoose the closest paraphrased version after each of the following sentences or the italicized part. Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 10 points in all)31. Like all deep experiences, it may take a little work on your part to discover what all the fuss[of those great works of literature] is about.A. …you need to read those great works of literature to understand why people are fond ofthem.B. …you need to study carefully why there is a dispute+ over those great works of literature.C. …you need effort to figure out why those great works of literature disturb people.D. …you need time to work out the meanings of those great works of literature.32. Also, overindulged children are not as challenged as children with fewer playthings to be morecreative in their play.A．Spoilt children need more toys to play with to be more creative.B．Children with fewer toys are motivated to be more creative.C．Spoilt children are challenged by children with fewer toys.D．Fewer playthings stimulate more creation among children.33. It was pleasant to believe that much of Nature was forever beyond the tampering reach of man.A．It was enjoyable to realize that Nature was always available for a courageous man to reach.B．It was enjoyable to realize that Nature had a fascinating power to satisfy man’s curiosity.C．It made one happy to think that man would never be able to interfere with much of Nature.D．It made one happy to think that man could control Nature for as long as he liked．34. I felt myself beginning to sweat. I had deliberately got myself into this jam. What a fool!A．I had got myself into this stupid argument.B．I had learned to face this unpleasant consequence.C．I had got myself involved in this difficult situation.D．I had experienced a traffic jam at this crowded place.35. Courtesy, politeness, good manners—call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal thedemand．A. …people show more politeness than they should．B. …the supply of politeness is always greater than its demand．C. …you can never have enough words to emphasize politeness.D. …people’s need for politeness is always greater than what they get.36. The plane did not frighten Kaz. For one thing, Hiroshima had gone almost untouched by theair war.A. …enemy’s air forces had never occupied Hiroshima.B. …almost no fighting had ever occurred in and around Hiroshima.C. …Hiroshima was the only city where no one was killed by air raids.D. …hardly had Hiroshima been attacked by enemy’s air forces during the war.37. It is impossible to measure the importance of Edison by adding up the specific inventions withwhich his name is associated．A. …by describing the significance of his inventions.B. …by connecting his reputation with his inventions.C. …by remembering the total number of his inventions.D. …by listing all the inventions he has made or helped make.38. “That’s nothing but religious pap,” he retorted with a degree of anger.A．“That’s just religious preaching,” he argued back angrily.B．“There is nothing related to religion,” he replied with anger.C．“Anything is more inspiring than a religious creed,” he responded angrily.D．“Nothing is more important than a religious belief,” he claimed with anger.39. Shortly after that my mother reported that Little-John-Carrie’s-other-nephew had startedschool on the same day and taken to it like a duck to water.A. …and rushed to the activities there right away.B. …and begun to like school immediately.C. …and behaved himself naturally.D. …and stayed at school all day.40. Toddy Beamish opposed everything he said by a monotonous but effective “So you say,”anddrove him to the limit of his patience.A. …these words provoked his anxiety.B. …this kept him from going to extremes.C. …these words calmed him effectively and he became patient.D. …this annoyed him so much that he could no longer put up with it.IV. READING COMPREHENSIONRead the two passages and choose the most likely answer to each of the questions.Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (2 points each, 20 points in all)Passage OneBike trailers are now becoming a popular mode of transportation. If you are wondering what a bike trailer is, it is a motorless wheeled frame attached to your bicycle. Its primary function is to help the bike rider in carrying additional load．Instead of carrying the load on the bike, it can now be carried on the bike trailer which greatly reduces the strain placed on the bike. It is convenient, easy to use and it helps you live an active lifestyle.Bike trailers are an alternative to carrying different sorts of loads. Instead of using your car to go to the nearby grocery store perhaps, why not use your bike trailer? It not only saves you money from the gas which should have been spent by your car, it also does the job of carrying your groceries.Planning to get a bike trailer? Make sure to decide on what you are going to use it for first. Different bike trailers are made for different uses. There are a variety of bike trailers being commercially manufactured．The general trailers available in the market today are the general cargo trailer which is used to carry different sorts of loads from groceries to furniture, child passenger trailer which is used to carry a child, pet trailer which is used to carry cats or dogs, and canoe trailers which are used to carry long and narrow loads like canoes and surfboards.If you want a trailer to carry cargo all around, then a cargo trailer would definitely suit your needs. If you want to take your child along with you while you ride your bike, then check out the different child trailers available in the market.There are two types of bike trailers in the market today based on the number of wheels. The first is the single wheel trailer which can carry light to medium loads. It is popular among hikers since it is great for trail riding and narrow surfaces. It is also stable when making sharp turns at high speeds. The other type of trailer is the two-wheel trailer which obviously has two wheels. It can carry heavier loads than the single wheel type. When making sharp turns at high speeds it may roll over, so be sure to slow down before making the turns.Caring for your bike trailer is easy and comparable to that of a bike. Cleaning the trailer requires water, soap and wax. Regularly check the tires for abnormalities like low air pressure or wear and tear for this may cause accidents.When you are out riding in your bike trailer, keep in mind that it is different from riding a bike. The responses are different. You may notice that your bike may be a bit unresponsive due to the extra load．Be sure to take trial runs in non-busy roads to get you acquainted with the newriding conditions.Riding at night is more dangerous than riding during the daytime. Make sure that you have a front light and a rear light and that both are switched on. Be sure also to have front, back and side reflectors so that you would always be visible to traffic．41. The passage mentions all the following aspects about a bike trailer EXCEPT ______.A．its maintenance B．its priceC．its definition D．its uses42. Which of the following is an advantage of a bike trailer over a car?A．It can help reduce the weight on your riding.B．You don’t have to check the tires regularly.C．You don’t have to spend money on gas.D．It can carry groceries for you.43. A two-wheel trailer should be a better choice than a single wheel trailer when ______.A．you carry heavy loadsB．you ride on a narrow surfaceC．your additional load is not heavyD．you make a sharp turn at high speed44. Which of the following is a difference between riding in a bike trailer and riding a bike?A．You need to check the tires regularly for a bike trailer.B．It is easier to ride in a trailer than riding a bike.C．A trailer requires water and wax for cleaning.D．A trailer cannot react as quickly as a bike.45. What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage?A．To provide information about bike trailers.B．To advertise for a new mode of transportation.C．To arouse your interest in more active lifestyle.D．To advise you to be careful when riding in a bike trailer.Passage 2Martin was returning to work in his London office after spending two weeks with his brother over in New York. He was coming back with a heavy heart. It was not just that it was the end of a wonderful holiday; it was not just that he invariably suffered badly from jet lag; it was that Monday mornings always began with a team meeting and, over the months, he had grown to hate them.Martin was aware that colleagues approached these meetings with hidden agendas; they enjoyed game-playing, and he knew that people were not being honest and open. The meetings themselves were bad enough—but then there was all the moaning afterwards. “The usual people say the usual things.” “I could have improved on that idea, but I wasn’t going to say.” “I was thinking of making a suggestion—but I couldn’t be bothered.”As this morning’s meeting began, Martin braced himself for the usual moroseness (闷闷不乐) and monotony. But, as the meeting progressed, he became aware of a strange background noise. At first, he thought that he was still hearing the engine noise from the aircraft that had brought him back to London—he had had to sit over the wing and the noise was terrible. But, as he concentrated on the noise, it became a little clearer.He realized—to his amazement—that he could hear what his colleagues were thinking as well as what they were saying. As he concentrated still harder, he found that he could actually hear what they were thinking at the same time as they were speaking. What surprised him, even more than the acquisition of this strange power, was that he discovered that what people were saying was not really what they were thinking. They were not making clear their reservations. They were not supporting views which they thought might be unpopular. They were not contributing their new insights. They were not volunteering their new ideas.Martin found it impossible not to respond to his new knowledge. So he started to make gentle interventions, based more on what he could hear his colleagues thinking than on what he could hear them saying. “So, John, are you really saying …?” “Susan, do you really think that?” “Tom, have you got an idea on how we could take this forward?” He was aware that his colleagues were unsettled by how insightful these interventions were. They looked at him mystified．In truth, he felt rather proud of his newly-acquired talent.Given more confidence now, Martin forgot his usual misery at participating in such meetings and began making comments of his own. However, he became aware that some of his colleagues were looking at him totally confused．One or two even had a gentle smile playing on their lips. Only gradually did it dawn on them—he could hear their thoughts and they were not really saying what they were thinking.As the meeting progressed, Martin became aware of changes to the tone and style of the event. It was clear to him now that, one by one, each member of the meeting was learning how to hear the thoughts of all the others and this was subtly changing how they interacted with one another. The game-playing started to fall away; people started to speak more directly; views became better understood; the atmosphere became more open and trusting.The meeting ended．As people left the room, Martin found that he could still hear what they were thinking. “That was the best meeting we’ve ever had.”“All meetings should be like that.” “In future, I’m going to say what I think.”46. Why did Martin hate the team meetings?A．His colleagues were making stories.B．His colleagues complained too much.C．His colleagues pretended to be friendly.D．His colleagues held back their true feelings.47. Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “braced himself for” in Paragraph 3 ?A．prepared himself for B．adapted himself toC．concemed himself about D．persuaded himself into48. With the strange power of being able to hear what others were thinking and saying, Martinrealized that______.A．he had been cheatedB．he was lucky to know the truthC．people didn’t mean what they saidD．people were unwilling to work there49. Which of the following can be expected at future team meetings?A．Everyone will be cooperative. B．Everyone will be straightforward．C．Everyone will be respectful. D．Everyone will be considerate.50. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．A Mysterious Power B．A Meeting of MindsC．Trust Means All D．Unity Is Success非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

济宁学院2012年10月自学考试高级英语练习题三Part I Vocabulary (40%)Directions A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are two choices marked A and B. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence.1. Filled with great ______ for their integrity and courage, he was determined to be a man like them.. ( )A. adulationB. admiration2. He was born in a small town ______ by about 500people. ( )A. livedB. inhabited3. “If you finish all the homework tonight, we will go for a picnic tomorrow,” he ______. ( )A. admonishedB. coaxed4. The warrior managed to______ the arrow that came flying through the air. ( )A. evadeB. dodge5. They are now enjoying a short______at the seashore. ( )A. vacationB. vocation6. No matter what he said, the only response he go t from him was a ______ “I see”. ( )A. noncommittalB. tentative7. The kitchen floor has to be______ every other day. ( )A. scrubbedB. scraped8. The children suffer most when their parents______. ( )A. divideB. separate9. There is a ______between what he says and what he does. ( )A. contrarinessB. contradiction10. The ______ of funds to these universities is decided by the Ministry of Education. ( )A. distributionB. allotment11. He was so disappointed when the manager said that his plan was completely ______. ( )A. dismissableB. disposable12. “As red as blood “is a______. ( )A. metaphorB. simile13. The Suzhou Style embroidery ______ very exquisite skills.A. requiresB. acquire14. The heroic deeds of the firefighters should be______. ( )A. glamorizedB. praised15. They improved their pronunciation by ______ their teacher. ( )A. imitatingB. mimicking16. The US economy is still growing at a spectacular______, but there are hidden problems with it. ( )A. ratioB. rate17. She has had a ______ against me ever since I turned down her unreasonable request. ( )A. grudgeB. malice18. Many people are worried by what they think is ______ scenes on TV for the children. ( )A. unaccustomedB. undesirable19. a wise man ______ some money for use in rainy days. ( )A. preservesB. reserves20. It is a ______ fact that our health declines as we grow old. ( )A. regrettableB. regretfulDirections B: There are 20 sentences in this section. In each sentence there is a word or phrase underlined. Below each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that can replace the underlined part of each sentence without changing its original meaning.21. With time going by, the rocks decompose and then become sand to continue to exist. ( )A. decayB. molderC. formD. disintegrate22. Mary is so careful about her weight that she doesn’t eat staple food at all. ( )A. sensibleB. sensationalC. senselessD. sensitive23. He is advised not to watch TV for more than 4 hours a day. Otherwise, it would be a strain on his eyes. ( )A. hurtB. tensionC. stressD. burden24. Do not be deceived by what he has said this time. ( )A. taken inB. taken overC. taken afterD. taken on25. They suggested that we should leave a separate room for smokers. ( )A. reserveB. conserveC. maintainD. preserve26. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. ( )A. qualifiedB. humorousC. infamousD. famous27. He expressed criticism on the new style of writing which is now quite popular on the Internet in his latest paper. ( )A. blameB. denunciationC. evaluationD. accusation28. Every time when she tried to move her body, she let out a moan in pain. ( )A. wail (哀号)B. whimper (呜咽)C. groanD. weep29. As we all know, thick forests are the natural habitat for birds, animals and insects, and we must forbid cutting trees without any limitation. ( )A. homeB. resortC. residenceD. refuge30. Even though the government denied it but what the spokesman said is a clear indication thatthe government will sooner or later collect this kind of tax. ( )A. symptomB. symbolC. demonstrationD. signal31. What can destine (命中注定) him to such a terrible lot, when his soul is dead and his body is alive? ( )A. foredoomB. foretellC. forecastD. foretaste32. Today’s low inflation and steady growth in household income translate s into more purchasing power. ( )A. changesB. transfersC. transplantsD. transmits33. The journalist refused to reveal the source of her information. ( )A. reportB. discloseC. publishD. betray34. Comparison and contrast are often used intentionally in advertisements. ( )A. purposefullyB. pertinentlyC. incidentallyD. overwhelmingly35. These ancient buildings are part of our national legacy which, of course, should be protected. ( )A. privacyB. heritageC. legendD. property36. My father always hopes that I could mingle with his friends’ children but I prefer to stay alone. ( )A. rejectB. mergeC. complainD. combine37. With the fast development and expansion of cities, the outlying suburbs of which become prosperous, too. ( )A. exteriorB. externalC. outerD. outside38. I am sorry I have no time at present to probe into more detail or give you an account of the incident. ( )A. bring intoB. talk intoC. come intoD. go into39. This type of apparatus can produce more than 40,000 blood specimen a day. ( )A. examplesB. modelsC. operationsD. samples40. Smith did the only sensible thing by asking the Indians for food and shelter in their village. ( )A. sensitiveB. sentimentalC. wiseD. separatePart II Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.●Consider the 1 assumptions that television tends to 2 : that complexity must be 3 , that visualstimulation is a 4 for thought, that verbal 5 is an anachronism. It may be old-fashioned, but I was taught that thought is words, 6 in grammatically precise ways.●She moved from that chair to this one 7 here, and just sat there with her hands 8 together and looking down. I got a 9 that I ought to 10 some conversation, so I said I had come in to see if John wanted to 11 in a telephone, and 12 that she started to laugh.●At that I 13 my teeth in disgust. 14 only they wouldn"t use the word ‘hurt’I might be able to get 15 . But I did not 16 myself to be hurried or 17 but speaking quietly and slowly I 18 the child again.●Downtown, she parked her car in a 19 . Everything was getting ready for this 20 . She did not carry the flowers in her car but she carried them in her heart . Now she was going to find out whether it was death or life . Either she could tolerate .A. heldB. substituteC. ifD. putE. atF. tolerateG. overH. arrangedI. moment J. make K. allow L. disturbedM. casual N. somewhere O. feeling P. approachedQ. precision R. life S. avoided T. heartU. find V. garage W. ground X. cultivatePart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully and decide on the best answer.Passage OnePeople in the mass advertising business and other people who study American society have been very interested in the question: What does the American consumer like? Max Lerner, a well-known scholar who has studied American society, has said that American consumers are particularly fond of three things: comfort, cleanliness, and novelty.Lerner believes that the American love of comfort perhaps goes back to the frontier experience. The pioneers had a rough life on the frontier and very few comforts. This experience may have created a strong desire in the pioneers and their children for goods that would make life more comfortable. Today, the Americans’ love of comfort is seen in the way they furnish their homes, the way they design their cars, and the way they like to travel.Cleanliness is also highly valued by Americans. There is a strong emphasis on keeping all parts of the body clean. Perhaps the Puritan (清教徒) heritage has played some role in the desire for cleanliness. The Puritans, a strict Protestant church group who were among the first settlers of America, stressed the need to cleanse the body of dirt and of all evil tendencies. The saying “Cleanliness is next to Godliness” reflects the belief of most Americans that it is important to keep their bodies clean by taking a bath and wearing clean clothes every day. Indeed, many Americans are offended by anyone who does not follow their accepted standards of cleanliness. In addition to cleanliness and comfort, Americans love novelty. They love to have things that are new and convenient. Perhaps the love of novelty comes from their pride in their inventiveness. Americans have always been interested in inventing new products and improving old ones. They like to see changes in cars, clothing, and products for the home. New models of cars are particularly appealing. Advertisements encourage people to get rid of old cars and try new ones, whether the old ones still work or not. The American economy seems to be based onconsumption, not conservation.61. The best title for the passage is ______. ( )A. What American Consumers LikeB. The Stupidity of the American ConsumersC. American Consumers and Puritan HeritageD. Frontier Experience and Puritan Heritage62. According to the author, the American consumers are fond of the following except ______.( )A. comfort and cleanlinessB. novelty and convenienceC. clean clothes and fine housesD. thrift and economy63. The American love of comfort can be shown in the way they ______. ( )A. love new models of carB. eat in fast-food restaurantsC. design their cars and furnish their homesD. wear clean clothes and take bath every day64. Americans’ love of cleanliness is believed to be associated with ______. ( )A. their living standardB. their lifestyleC. their Puritan traditionD. their advanced technology65. In general, Americans are interested in the following EXCEPT______. ( )A. inventing new productsB. improving old productsC. buying things that are popularD. buying things that are unknown beforePassage TwoThere are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. In contrast, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native speaking students.To begin with, the subjects listened to recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 17-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally, the subjects took a language proficiency test.Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.66. The purpose of Henning’s experiment is to study ______. ( )A. how the students remember English vocabulary by short-term memoryB. how the students learn English vocabularyC. how to improve the students’ English vocabularyD. how to take a language proficiency test67. The word “subject” in the passage most probably means ______. ( )A. the college course the students takeB. the topic of the listening materialC. something being consideredD. the students experimented on68. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? ( )A. Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory.B. Long-term memory can be achieved only by training.C. It is easier to test short-term memory than long-term memory.D. Henning gave a test on vocabulary to his students.69. From Henning’s results we can see that ______. ( )A. beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of wordsB. advanced students remember words by their meaningC. it is difficult to remember words that sound alikeD. it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning70. The passage is primarily about ______. ( )A. memoryB. two kinds of memoryC. short-term memoryD. an experiment on studentsPassage ThreeStudy confirms that moderate drinking reduces stroke (中风) risk. Similar to the way a drink or two a day protects against heart attacks, moderate alcohol consumption wards off strokes, a new study found.The study also found that the type of alcohol consumed—beer, wine or liquor—was unimportant. Any of them, or a combination was protective, researchers reported in today’s Journal of the American Medical Ass ociation. “No study has shown benefit in recommending alcohol to those who do not drink”, cautioned the authors, led by Dr. Ralph L. Sacco of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. But the new data support the guidelines of the National Stroke Association, which say moderate drinkers may protect themselves from strokes by continuing to consume alcohol, the authors said.The protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attacks is well established, but the data had been conflicting about alcohol and strokes, the authors said. The new study helps settle the question and is the first to find blacks and Hispanics (西班牙人和葡萄牙人) benefit as well as whites, according to the authors. Further research is needed among other groups, such as Asian, who past study suggested may get no stroke protection from alcohol or may even be put at greater risk.Among the groups where the protective effect exists, its mechanism appears to differ from the protective effect against heart attacks, which occurs through boosts in levels of so-called “good”cholesterol (胆固醇), the authors said. They speculated alcohol might protect against stroke by acting on some other blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets (血小板) to clump (结块), which is key in forming the blood clots (血块) that can cause strokes.The researchers studied 677 New York residents who lived in the northern part of Manhattan and had strokes between July 1, 1993 and June, 1997. After taking into account differences in other factors that could affect stroke risk, such as high blood pressure, the researchers estimated that subjects who consumed up to two alcoholic drinks daily were only half as likely to have sufferedclot-type strokes as nondrinkers. Clot-type strokes account for 80% of all strokes, a leading cause of the US deaths and disability. Stroke risk increased with heavier drinking. At seven drinks per day, risk was almost triple that of moderate drinkers.An expert spokesman for the American Heart Association, who was not involved in the study, said it was well-done and important information. But it shouldn’t be interpreted to mean, “I can have two drinks and therefore not worry about my high blood pressure or worry about my cholesterol,”said Dr. Edgar J. Kenton, an associate professor of clinical neurology (神经学) at Thomas Jefferson University Medical College in Philadelphia. Instead, he said, the study provides good reason to do further research and to add alcohol to the list of modifiable (可更改的) risk factors for stroke.71. According to Dr. Sacco, ______. ( )A. different wines work differently on drinkers at stroke riskB. nondrinkers should also consume a moderate amount of alcoholC. drinkers should keep to one kind of alcohol to ward off strokesD. moderate alcohol consumption protects against strokes72. The new study conducted by Dr. Sacco and his colleagues is unique in that ( )A. it refutes early studies on the protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attacksB. it confirms early studies of moderate drinking against heart attacksC. it helps to resolve the disputes over the effect of moderate drinking against strokesD. it finds that moderate drinking can benefit people of different races equally well73. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the effect of drinking against strokes? ( )A. Moderate drinking protects against heart attacks and strokes in different ways.B. Even heavy drinkers suffer less chance of a stroke than nondrinkers.C. Alcohol works only on patients who suffer clot-type strokes.D. White people are more likely to benefit from moderate drinking than nonwhites.74. From the fourth paragraph we learn that ______. ( )A. heart attacks are more likely caused y alcohol than stroke.B. moderate drinking discourages blood platelets from clotting.C. boosting the levels of good cholesterol can lead to heart attacks.D. moderate drinking protects people by making the blood cell clump.75. What is said in the last paragraph by Dr. Kenton indicates that ______. ( )A. he is in serious doubt about the validity of the study.B. drinking alone can not protect against strokes.C. people should add alcohol to their daily diet.D. the study has not built a link between drinking and high blood pressure.Passage FourCommunications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded - and can come back to haunt (困扰) you - appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception (欺骗) makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触)of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time —in an instant message or phone call，say —than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.76. Hancock’s study focuses on ______. ( )A. the consequences of lying in various communications mediaB. the success of communications technologies in conveying ideasC. people’s preferences in selecting communications technologiesD. people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media77. Hancock’s research fin ding surprised those who believed that ______. ( )A. people are less likely to lie in instant messagesB. people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactionsC. people are most likely to lie in email communicationD. people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations78. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication? ( )A. They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.B. They believe that honesty is the best policy.C. They tend to be relaxed when using those media.D. They are most practiced at those forms of communication.79. According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because______. ( )A. salesmen can talk directly to their customersB. salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerateC. salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthyD. salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively80. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. ( )A. honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB. more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC. suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD. email is now the dominant medium of communication within a companyPart ⅤTranslation(10%)Section A Direction: Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your Answer sheet.81. But instant ecstasy has to be purchased, like any other commodity, and, in ecomomic terms, that passive life involves parasitism.82. This is the American ideal of the “golden years” toward which millions of citizens are expectantly toiling through their workdays.83. When that happy moment comes, will every woman be beautiful –as beautiful, at any rate, as the natural shape of her features, with or without surgical and chemical aid, permits?84. Conformity, standardization, similarity- all on a cheap and vulgar level- are replacing the great American ideas of colorful liberty and dignified individualism.85. What a bundle of contradictions is a man!Section B Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation on your Answer Sheet.86．60年代的美国青年是反叛的一代。

2012年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二) 试题课程代码：00015一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题1份，共10分）I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point each)1. Skillful farming A them to support a large population.A. enabledB. forcedC. authorizedD. required2. The findings of the survey went contrary D what was expected.A. inB. onC. forD. to3. James refused to be B about his future plans.A. distinctB. specificC. relevantD. individual4. Young A he was, he was equal to the task.A. asB. ifC. althoughD. unless5. You should read this novel. It is B recommended by all critics.A. fairlyB. highlyC. mainlyD. strictly6. It's a great place to live in, except for the increasing volume of B that passes under mywindow every day.A. activityB. trafficC. movementD. circulation7. He should C to what he's good at, and not try and do something heknows nothing about.A. lookB. leadC. stickD. point8. We take this oppommity to express our sincere D of your help.A. explanationB. obligationC. demonstrationD. appreciation9. I don't know ifthe story is tree, but I'll try to C it.A. modifyB. simplifyC. verifyD. specify10. The old man spoke A length about his experiences in Africa.A. atB. inC. fromD. toII. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point each)Scientists are learning more and more about the link between your mind and your health. Stress and depression have been shown to give rise to illness and disease. 11 , if you feel good about yourself and have a 12 attitude, and maintain an active involvement in life, you're more likely to be happy – and 13 .Many things 14 your emotional state. But at the heart of it is how you regard yourself. If you have a healthy level of self-esteem, you not only cope with life's challenges better than people 15 low self-esteem, but you're probably more content, 16 , and successful. You're probably also healthier.Most people's sense of worth is deeply rooted in their childhood - in the early approval or disapproval of parents and friends. 17 , as we get older, most of us judge ourselves 18 our sense of how effectively we're managing in the world, especially in the areas of love and work. Our 19 to love and be loved can give our lives a sense of purpose. We can also find 20 in work-related accomplishments, and the people we meet and work with can reinforce our sense of self and our role in life.（B）11. A. In addition B. In contrast C. In reality D. In general（A）12. A. positive B. common C. critical D. personal（D）13. A. respectable B. energetic C. lovely D. healthy（C）14. A. explain B. maintain C. influence D. simulate（B）15. A. at B. with C. for D. upon（A）16. A. confident B. dependent C. sensitive D. emotional（D）17. A. Therefore B. Likewise C. Instead D. However（B）18. A. on B. by C. of D. in（A）19. A. ability B. dream C. goal D. intention（C）20. A. proof B. interest C. pride D. trothIII, Reading Comprehension (:30 points, 2 points each)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.If you start each day desperately wishing for an extra hour in bed, the following is likely to leave you feeling even more bad-tempered. Scientists have identified a "sleepless elite"- a small group of people for whom staying in bed longer is a waste of time.Rather than being tired and bad-tempered losers, they are an energetic, outgoing and optimistic group who can happily and healthily get by on just four or five hours of sleep a night. And, they tend to be slim, able to hold down two jobs at the same time, and handle their extra-long days easily without needing coffee or catnaps (小睡).Working out how the gene (基因) cuts sleep without any obvious impact on health could help in the design of drags that give us all a few extra hours in our day. The bad news is that while many of us get by on a few hours' sleep a night, just one to three people in 100 qualify to be part of the sleepless elite.The research team is now calling for members of the lucky group to come forward to allow their DNA to be studied. Harvard University researcher Dr. Christopher Jones said: "My long-term goal is to learn enough someday so we can control the sleep mechanism without damaging our health. Everybody can use more waking hours, even if you just watch movies."Many of those who have already volunteered share fascinating characteristics. They are cheerful, thinner than average, and seem to have a high tolerance for physical pain and psychological setbacks.Dr. Christopher Jones told the New York Times: "Typically, at the end of along phone interview, they will admit they have been sending short text message sand surfing the Internet and doing word games at the same time, all on less than six hours of sleep."21. According to the passage, the sleepless elite（C）A. perform less well than othersB. regard sleep as a waste of timeC. are energetic despite less sleepD. are likely to make others angry22. Researchers study the sleepless elite to（B）A. develop the mechanism of sleepB. invent a healthy way to cut sleepC. find the impact of sleep on healthD. design drags for sleepless people23. The phrase "come forward" (para. 4) is closest in meaning to（D）A. decideB. donateC. contributeD. volunteer24. According to Dr. Jones, it is typical of the sleepless elite to（C）A. sleep at least six hours a nightB. watch more movies than othersC. do more than one thing at a timeD. do word games better than others25. The passage is mainly about（D）A. a disease which is related to genesB. a new drag that cures sleeplessnessC. recent studies on sleepless patientsD. people who do well with less sleepPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.There are a couple of things to know about the use of humor in a speech. One thing is to distinguish healthy and unhealthy humor. Unhealthy humor usually has a victim. It is based on differences. Healthy humor is taken from our everyday experiences and is based on the things people have in common. Therefore it unites them.Another thing is that when sharing humor with the audience a speaker has to take into account what part of the day it is. The "morning" audience can be tough, because everyone is just getting into work; the "lunch" audience is better, but the best time for sharing humor is dinner-time, because people relax after their working day and are more likely to feel the speaker.There are certain rules that are strongly advised to be followed. The primary rule is not to offend anybody by a joke. The jokes are not supposed to relate to the audience but to the speaker himself. When a speaker shares his personal stories he will be better accepted by the audience. He can kid about his fame, problems,image, etc. However, he does not have to belittle himself or sacrifice his reputation for a laugh. Besides, the jokes and humorous stories that are used by the speaker have to relate directly to the topic of his speech. The speaker is supposed to speak clearly and keep from laughing at his own story or joke while telling it, so that he can make it clear and to the point. Finally, once a joke is said it may not be repeated once more. So the speaker must not repeat a joke that fails or one that works.And, remember these tips always work: personal jokes, short remarks that go well with the speech, good choice of vivid words and appropriate body gestures.26. Healthy humor differs from unhealthy humor in that it is BA. intended to enrich one's experiencesB. linked to the things that people shareC. used most frequently to unite victimsD. based mostly on the differences in life27. The writer thinks that a joke works best with an audience who is AA. relaxedB. toughC. hungryD. busy28. To connect closely with the audience, the speaker is advised to BA. repeat a good jokeB. joke about himselfC. laugh at his storiesD. improve his image29. According to paragraph 3, a joke should support DA. the nature of an issueB. the fame of a speakerC. the taste of an audienceD. the subject of a speech30. One of the tips the writer gives for a successful speech is CA. dramatic gesturesB. proper eye contactC. vivid expressionsD. good time controlPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Are passwords ont-of-date? It is starting to seem like it. Everybody hates them. These days a typical Intemet user has dozens of online accounts. If you really want to be safe, you need to generate a different password for each one, and each password needs to be extremely complicated, with a mix of letters, symbols, and numbers. Who can keep all that stuff in their head?Most people do not bother. Some just create one password and use it everywhere. Othersmight have a few passwords - one for all their banking and financial stuff, one for their social networks, one for email accounts. Problem is that if one site gets hacked, the bad guys now have the password you use elsewhere. These attacks are happening so frequently these days that you might as well assume there is no way to keep a password secret.Computer scientists realize the system is broken, and they are looking for alternatives. But most attempts have not been very good. Fingerprint readers require special hardware, and many people find them scary and don't want to use them. Smart cards can be lost or stolen. Scientists have tried all sorts of other approaches, but they end up back with passwords. They are the least worst in a series of bad choices.Markus Jakobsson, a researcher in computer science, has produced something he calls "fastwords." Instead of inventing a password, you join three simple words that come from a thought known only to you. If one day you were driving to work and ran over a frog that ended up flat, you might choose "frog work flat." You can enter the three words in any order, and the system still knows that you are you. If your mind goes totally blank, the fastwords system will tell you one of the three words, which should enable you to remember the original thought and thus the three keywords.The fastwords system represents a step in the right direction, but it is not the promised land. Someone, somehow, needs to come up with something radically different- and radically better - than what we have today.31. Today people find passwords CA. difficult to createB. easy to figure outC. hard to rememberD. apt to be replaced32. We learn from paragraph 2 that many people use passwords AA. without due cautionB. in a rational mannerC. with frequent changesD. in simple combinations33. Compared with passwords, other alternatives are even more CA. complexB. confusingC. troublesomeD. expensive34. One unique advantage of fastwords is that they can be used DA. with greater speedB. with more certaintyC. with greater securityD. with more flexibility35. The writer seems to think that fastwords AA. offer a hopefu'l inspirationB. are as simple as passwordsC. offer a decisive resolutionD. are as safe as passwordsIV. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)36. 不同的 a. various 37. 肌肉n. m udcle38. 传统n. t radition39. 幸运的ad. f ortunately40. 影响vt. a ffect 41. 边缘n. e dge42. 怀疑的 a. d oubtful 43. 减少vt. r educe44. 集合vt. a ssemble 45. 逐步的 a. g radual46. 可行的 a. f easible.. 47. 污染n. p ollution48. 方便的 a. c onvenient 49. 拉长v. s tretch50. 维生素n. v itamin 51. 经受vt. w ithstand52. 五十num. f inance 53. 财政n. f inance54. 发源vi. o riginate 55. 两倍ad. t wiceV. Word Form (10 points, 1 point each)56. A war can endanger (danger) millions of lives.57. We should know our strength as well as our weakness(weak).58. Due to circumstances beyond our control, the fulfillment(fulfill) of the contract will bedelayed by several weeks.59. Organizing some challenging outdoor activities can help your employees sharpen (sharp)their abilities.60. My teacher gave me a letter of reference(refer) when I applied for the job.61. She made a favorable impression(impress) on me when I first met her.62. They viewed these plans as an attempt to take a proritable (profit) market from Britain.63. There are many sales in the U.S., during which time stores will lower (low) theirnormal prices.64. He respectfully(respect) moved his hat when he entered the building.65. There are no tickets left for this evening's _performance (perform).VI. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points each)66. 这所学校向学生免费提供课本。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷）注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.答第卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

3.答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后。

将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：haveA. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是c。

1.theaterA. treasureB. wheatC. seasonD. realize2. persuadeA. usualB. insistC. sugarD. trousers3. companyA. aloneB. carrotC. moneyD. knock4. oppositeA. serviceB. outsideC. pioneerD. police5. societyA. officialB. recentC. chocolateD. difficult第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白扯的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whatever.C. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。

6. —What shall we do tonight then?—- whatever you want.A. Help yourselfB. It's a dealC. No problemD. It's up to you7. He miss gold in the high jump, but will get second chance in the long jump.A. the; theB. 不填；aC. the; aD. a不填8. That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when9. Sarah made to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herselfB. thisC. thatD. it1 0. Tony lent me the money, that I'd do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped11. I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at once.A. whenB. thanC. untilD. after12. we to paint the whole house but finished only the front pan that day.A. set aboutB. set upC. set outD. set down13. Next to biology, I like physics .A. betterB. bestC. the betterD. very well14. —Did you ask Sophia for help?— I need to - I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldn'tB. don'tC. didn'tD. won't15. The old man sat in from of the television every evening, happy _ _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched16.100℃ is the temperature which water will boil.A. forB. atC. onD. of17. I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need18. The manager the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.A. has toldB. is tellingC. has been tellingD. will have told19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great in this city.A. quantityB. progressC. productionD. demand20. —Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy.—Thanks.A. So what?B. No way.C. What forD. You too.第三节完形填空(共20小题：每小题l.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

第一卷1至12页。

第二卷13至14页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一卷注意事项：1.答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）1高1考1资1源1网1 从A, B, C, D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：haveA. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是C。

1 ．cushionA. buttonB. butcherC. buryD. duty2. countryA.announceB. coughC. encourageD. shoulder3 ．pillowA. flowerB. allowC. knowledgeD. follow4. reachA. breatheB. reallyC. pleasureD. heaven5 ．ChristmasA. handkerchiefB. teacherC. acheD. merchant第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。

6. ----Did you forget about my birthday?---- I‟ve booked a table at Michel‟s restaurant for this evening.A. What then?B. I‟m afraid so.C. how could I?D. For sure.7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which8. If you smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. may9. If you don't like the drink you______just leave it and try a different one.A. orderedB. are orderingC. will orderD. had ordered10. Mary, I_____John of his promise to help you.A. toldB. remindedC. warnedD. advised11. I got this bicycle for ;My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everythingB. somethingC. anythingD. nothing12. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is another to play it well yourself.A. quiteB. veryC. ratherD. much13. Jane won‟t join us for dinner tonight and .A. neither won‟t TomB. Tom won‟t eitherC. Tom will tooD. so will Tom14. This shop will be closed for repairs further notice.A. withB. untilC. forD. at15. The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined16. As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填B. a; theC.不填aD. the; a17．Mr. Stevenson is great to work for -- I really couldn't ask for a＿boss.A. betterB. goodC. bestD. still better 18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful,______nothing about the argument.A. says B: said C. to say D. saying19. It was a nice meal,_______a little expensive.A. thoughB. whetherC. asD. since20.-----So you gave her your phone?-----______she said she'd return it to me when she could afford her own.A. My pleasureB. Not exactlyC. No doubtD. All right第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项飞并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

高中英语真题:2012年普通高等学校全国统一考试本试题卷分第I卷(选择题）和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。

考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡)，在本试题卷上答题无效。

考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题·每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B. ￡9.15C. ￡9.18答案是B。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroomC. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A.Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.i5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. bne went to the wrong place.C. She couldn't take the cake back.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。

2012年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标版）第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B.21. — Which one of these do you want? — . Either will do.A. I don’t mindB. I’m sureC. No problemD. Go ahead22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A. 不填; aB. a; theC. the; 不填D. the; a23. “Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step.A. has shownB. is showingC. showsD. showed24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what25. I don’t believe we’ve met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. thereforeB. althoughC. sinceD. unless26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much .A. the bestB. bestC. betterD. the better27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can almost every word her teacher says.A. put outB. put downC. put awayD. put together28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit29. This restaurant wasn’t that other restaurant we went to.A. half as good asB. as half good asC. as good as halfD. good as half as30. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning thetrain comes by my house.A. couldn’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. eitherB. anyC. neitherD. none32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared toB. comparing toC. compare toD. compared to33. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbersbefore my eyes.A. swimB. swumC. swamD. had swum34. You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.A. soB. orC. andD. but35. If she doesn’t want to go, nothing you can say will her.A. persuadeB. promiseC. inviteD. support第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

《高级英语》自考真题试题及答案解析卷面总分：90分答题时间：70分钟试卷题量：45题一、单选题（共46题，共0分）题目1：We must try to create a more caring, more _____ society.A. compassionatepetitiveAB正确答案：A题目2：It was _____ and she did not know enough to analyze each problem properly.A.encouragingB.exhaustingAB正确答案：B题目3：Although each TV series will be rated on the basis of its usual content, the ratings can _____ from week to weekA.flowB.fluctuateAB正确答案：B题目4：His _____ and unwillingness to learn from others prevent him from being an effective member of the teamA.arroganceB.advantageAB正确答案：A题目5：This _____ factor means that there is often a connection in appearance and temperament between parents and children.A.historicalB.hereditaryAB正确答案：B题目6：Though she _____ and pleaded, he refused to go to the dance.A.coaxedB.admonishedAB正确答案：A题目7：Jack managed to get 147 tapes and 100 books plus lots of magazines through customs in a(n> _____ wayA.incredulousB.miraculousAB正确答案：B题目8：These days people are becoming more and more _____ about the food they eat.A.sophisticatedB.selectiveAB正确答案：B题目9：The question of going to the United States for a doctor _____ his mindA.preoccupiedB.intrudedAB正确答案：A题目10：In the last twenty years, breakthroughs in technology have _____ advanced the way we communicate, bringing us computers, cell phones and the Internet.A.profoundlyB.deeplyAB正确答案：A题目11：除哪项外，下列皆可为血瘀的病因A.气虚B.气滞C.血寒D.饮食停滞E.外伤正确答案：D题目12：In our culture, we are accustomed to sophisticated prescription drugs containing a _____ of chemical ingredientsA.plentyB.varietyAB正确答案：B题目13：We cannot _____ the country ’s telecommunications to unqualified people。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第二部分阅读理解(满分45分)第一节语篇阅读(每小题2分)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

(每小题2分)(A)Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. I you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink. Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.41. What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?A. They are often forgotten by their owners.B. They are used to living outdoors.C. They build their won shelter.D. They like to stay in warm places.42. Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?A. To know when to bring them inside.B. To keep them from eating bad food.C. To help them find shelters.D. To keep them company.43. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ___.A. run short of clean waterB. dig deep holes for funC. dirty the snow nearbyD. get lost in the wild44. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. To give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story.D. To present a research result.(B)You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.L et’s start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90°angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.45. What should you consider first while sailing?A. Sailors’ strength.B. Wave levels.C. Wind directions.D. Size of sails.46. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The boat.B. The wind.C. The sail.D. The angle.47. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?A. Move in a straight line.B. Allow the sail to flap.C. Lower the sail.D. Tack the boat.48. Where can you probably find the text?A. In a popular magazine.B. In a tourist guidebook.C. In a physics textbook.D. In an official report.(C)Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses.A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read”people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressionspermitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.49. What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?A. Love.B. Politeness.C. Joy.D. Thankfulness.50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ .A. show friendliness to strangersB. be used to hide true feelingsC. be used in the wrong placesD. show personal habits51. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?A. Learn about their relations with others.B. Understand their cultural backgrounds.C. Find out about their past experience.D. Figure out what they will do next.52. What would be the best title for the test?A. Cultural DifferencesB. Smiles and RelationshipC. Facial ExpressivenessD. Habits and Emotions(D)ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia – One of the world’s most famous fossils (化石) – the 3.2million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 – will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour, which will start in Houston next September.“Ethiopia’s rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,”said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not been worked out.Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 312-foot-tall ape-man (猿人).53. The author writes this text mainly to ___ .A. introduce a few U.S. museumsB. describe some research workC. discuss the value of an ape-manD. report a coming event54. What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A painting of the skeleton.B. A photograph of LucyC. A copy of the skeleton.D. A written record of Lucy.55. How many cities has Lucy’s U.S. tour plan already included?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Eleven.56. What was the skeleton named after?A. An ape-man.B. A song.C. A singer.D. A camp.(E)Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winter.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic –you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.57. What does the author think about the present generation?A. They don’t do well at school.B. They are often misunderstood.C. They are eager to win in sports.D. They are given too much praise.58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .A. doesn’t want to work hardB. cares a lot about personal safetyC. cannot share his ideas with othersD. can succeed with the help of teachers59. What does the growth mind-set believe?A. Admitting failure is shameful.B. Talent comes with one’s birth.C. Scores should be highly valued.D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.60. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?A. Encourage them to learn from failures.B. Prevent them from making mistakes.C. Guide them in doing little things.D. Help them grow with praise.第二节根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2012年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷PART ONE（50 POINTS）1．Vocabulary and Structure（10 points，1 point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1．All theories______from practice and in turn serve practice．A．differ B．rangeC．recover D．originate2．There is little______increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading．A．aim B．useC．valueD．meaning3．what you say now is not______with what you said yesterday．A．insistent B．prevalentC．consistent D．permanent4．Putting prisoners in chains doesn’t solve the______0f crime，such as poverty or disaffection within society．A．causes B．victimsC．purposesD．increases5．Binary stars，as their name suggests，are twin stars whose position in space______ each other．A．affects B．expects C．perfects D．inspects6．All evidence relevant______the case should be gathered and analyzed．A．with B．toC．from D．for7．Come what______we’ll go ahead with our plan．A．can B．need C．may D．must8．We should______primary importance to the development of economy．A．attach B．convertC．attribute D．contribute9．Examiners who are______to favorites are criticized by many people．A．indifferent B．similar C．equivalent D．partial10．Look for small ways to add activity to your day, like taking the stairs______the elevator or going on a short walk．A．in spite of B．instead ofC．in terms of D．in view ofII．Cloze Test（10 points，1 point each）下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

高中英语真题:2012级高二上学期10月考试英语试题（满分150分时间 120分钟）第 I 卷（选择题共105分）第一部分：听力 (共两节满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Which language does Smith speak best?A. Spanish.B. Chinese.C. Russian.2. What will the weather be like tomorrow?A. Cold.B. Windy.C. Sunny.3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In the garden.B. In the living room.C. In the kitchen.4. What does the man mean?A. He refuses the woman’s invitation.B. He will go to the woman’s home.C. He’ll stay with his parents during the holiday.5. Where does the woman probably work?A. In a restaurant.B. At a hotel.C. In a hospital.第二节（共15小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

高中英语真题:2012年普通高等学校全国统一考试英语试题（湖北卷，含答案）本试题卷共16页，81题。

全卷满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用统一提供的2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。

3. 完成句子和短文写作题的作答：用统一提供的签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。

4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What is the problem for the man?A. He has to meet many people.B. He has to leave his friends.C. He has to travel a lot.2. How does the man think of the book?A. Humorous.B. Scientific.C. Popular.3. What’s the matter with the woman?A. She has caught a bad cold.B. She stayed online too long.C. She is allergic to paint smell.4. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Consult a repair shop.B. Purchase another car.C. Fix the car herself.5. In which year is the man in college now?A. The first year.B. The second year.C. The third year.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至14页。

第Ⅱ卷15至16页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷第二部分英语知识运用(共两节.满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、c、D四个选项中.选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21.-Which one of these do you want?- Either will do.A. I don't mindB. I'm sureC. No problemD. Go ahead22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填；aB. a; theC. the; 不填D. the; a23. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step ”A. has shownB. is showingC. showsD. showed24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what25. I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. thereforeB. althoughC. sinceD. unless26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so muchA. the bestB. bestC. betterD. the better27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can_ almost every word her teacher says.A. put outB. put downC. put awayD. put together28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit29. This restaurant wasn't_ that other restaurant we went to.A. half as good asB. as half good asC. as good as halfD. good as half as30. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. shouldn'tD. needn't31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but_ of them wants to, because they have work todo.A. eitherB. anyC. neitherD. none32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared toB. comparing toC. compare toD. compared to33. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes.A. swim B .swumC. swamD. had swum34. You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.A. soB. orC. andD. but35. If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will her.A. persuadeB. promiseC. inviteD. support第二节完形填空(共20小.:每小1.5分.满分30分)阅读下面短文.从短文后各题所给的四个选项《A、B. C和D》中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项小涂黑。