考神团队专八翻译讲义

专八翻译主讲老师：聂磊概况一、题型：汉-英(划线) →英-汉(划线)；各150字二、时间：各30分钟三、分值：各10分四、考纲要求：汉-英：我国报刊上的文章、国情介绍和一般文学作品；译文忠实、流畅。

英-汉：英美报刊杂志上的文章和文学原著；译文忠实、流畅。

面临的问题一、词汇：词汇积累不够，活跃词汇量低。

二、阅读：质低、量小、面偏。

三、课堂教学：违反翻译的认知与实践规律；练习密度差、强度小。

四、学习：练习密度差、强度小；欣赏有余、对比、分析、思考、总结不足。

备考策略一、坚持扩大词汇量。

二、加大练习力度，以练促学、代学，拒绝赏析。

三、练习即模考。

四、语篇练习为主。

五、以真题为本，反复练习。

六、对比、分析、思考、总结四合一。

时间规划—22周一、第1-6周：熟悉翻译技巧，每周练2篇。

二、第7-14周：熟悉考试及考场，每周3篇。

三、第15-20周：应试强化练习，每周4篇。

四、第21周：总结应试技巧、经验。

五、第22周：继续总结，模考1-2次。

时间规划—14周一、第1-2周：熟悉翻译技巧，每周练2篇。

二、第3-8周：熟悉考试及考场，每周3篇。

三、第9-12周：应试强化练习，每周4篇。

四、第13周：总结应试技巧、经验。

五、第14周：模考3篇。

应试策略一、开头与结尾要多分配时间。

二、英译汉多注意理解，汉译英多注意表达。

三、英语译文必须语法正确。

四、英汉语表达多用有把握的词句。

五、谨慎对待考场灵感。

六、对待难点宜“软”不宜“硬”。

七、在试卷上做适当的勾划。

推荐书目一、英语专业八级考试(单项突破)系列书目之《翻译与写作》(上海外语教育出版社，邹申)二、《大学英语翻译教程》(上海外语教育出版社,蔡基刚)三、《汉英翻译技巧示例》(外文出版社，唐义均)四、《灵活与变通—英汉翻译案例讲评》(外文出版社，叶子南)五、《说词解句—英汉语言对比与翻译》(大连理工大学出版社仝益民)汉译英概况一、体裁：哲理、故事、描写散文为主。

二、来源：《读者》、Shanghai Daily网站、著名文人的散文作品。

英语专八翻译指导英语专八翻译指导Alone we can afford to be wholly whatever we are, and to feel whatever we feel absolutely. That is a great luxury! For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, lie down in the afternoon for a long think (why does one think better in a horizontal position?), read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.独自一人，我们便可以随心所欲，感受真正的.自我。

那真是有些奢侈的享受！我已独自生活了二十年。

对我来说，独自生活最大意义在于它变得越来越有益。

当早晨醒来，像往常一样看着旭日从海平面上冉冉升起，我知道后面有整整一天。

在这一天里，我可以不受打扰地写几页书，带着我的狗一起散散步，下午长时间地躺着想一些事情（为什么人躺着时能更好地思考？），读读书，听听音乐。

想到这些，我便沉浸在幸福之中。

16版考神团队专业八级特训班阅读讲义@范范_老师标***者为与潜在高级写作相关的文章或内含词汇句型最为丰富的文章，建议深度熟读请注意真实考卷上是没有段落标号的。

【注意：以下真题中题干标黑表红的为本课程训练中可以改造为Paraphrase-短问答题型的样题，请参考题干后我出的模拟问句。

】2016专八阅读样卷（等同15年考卷）PASSAGE ONE1/In2011,many shoppers opted to avoid the frenetic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer.Sales at online retailers gained by more than15%, making it the biggest season ever.But people are also returning those purchases at record rates,up 8%from last year.2/What went wrong?Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences?Or do people shop more impulsively-and therefore make bad decisions-when online?Both arguments are plausible.However,there is a third factor:a question of touch.We can love the look but,in an online environment,we cannot feel the quality of a texture,the shape of the fit,the fall of a fold or the weight of an earring.And physically interacting with an object makes you more committed to your purchase.3/When my most recent book Brandwashed was released,I teamed up with a local bookstore to conduct an experiment about the differences between the online and offline shopping.I carefully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways.The first was a fairly hands-off approach.Whenever a customer would inquire about my book,the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it.Out of20such requests,six customers proceeded with the purchase.4/The second option also involved going over to the shelf but,this time,removing the book and then subtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer's hands.Of the20people who were handed the book,13ended up buying it.Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales.Why?We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things in our hand.That's why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake.In this case,having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss,and motivate us to make the purchase even more.5/A recent study conducted by Bangor University together with the United Kingdom's Royal Mail service also revealed the power of touch,in this case when it came to snail mail.A deeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter,as opposed to receiving the same message online.FMRIs(功能性磁共振成像)showed that,on touching the paper,the emotional centre of the brain was activated,thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indicated that once touch becomes part of the process,it could translate into a sense of possession.In other words,we simply feel more committed to possess and thus buy an item when we've first touched it.This sense of ownership is simply not part of the equation in theonline shopping experience.6/As the rituals of purchase in the lead-up to Christmas change,not only do we give less thought to the type of gifts we buy for our loved ones but,through our own digital wish lists,we increasingly control what they buy for us.The reality,however,is that no matter how convinced we all are that digital is the way to go,finding real satisfaction will probably take more than a few simple clicks.11.According to the author,shoppers are returning their purchases for all the following reasons EXCEPT that________.A.they are unsatisfied with the quality of the purchaseB.they eventually find the purchase too expensiveC.they change their mind out of uncertaintyD.they regret making the purchase without forethought12.Why does the author cite the study by Bangor University and the Royal Mail Service?A.To compare similar responses in different settings.B.To provide further evidence for his own observation.C.To offer a scientific account of the brain's functions.D.To describe emotional responses in online shopping.13.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Despite online shopping we still attach importance to gift buying.B.Some people are still uncertain about the digital age.C.Real satisfaction depends on factors other than the computer.D.Online shopping offers real satisfaction to shoppers.PASSAGE TWO1/My professor brother and I have an argument about head and heart,about whether lie overvalues IQ while I lean more toward EQ.We typically have this debate about people-can you be friends with a really smart jerk（怪物）?-but there's corollary to animals as well.I'd love it if our dog could fetch the morning paper and then read it to me over coffee,but I actually care much more about her loyal and innocent heart.There's already enough thinking going on in our house, and we probably spend too much time in our heads.Where we need some role modeling is in instinct,and that's where a dog is a roving revelation.2/I did not grow up with dogs,which meant that my older daughter's respectful but unyielding determination to get one required some adjustment on my part.I often felt she was training me:from ages of6to9,she gently schooled me in various breeds and their personalities, whispered to the dogs we encountered so they would charm and persuade me,demonstrated by her self-discipline that she was ready for the responsibility.And thus came our dog Twist,whom I sometimes mistake for a third daughter.3/At first1thought the challenge would be to train her to sit.to heel,to walk calmly beside us and not go wildly chasing the neighbourhood rabbits.But1soon discovered how much more we had to learn from her than she from us.4/If it is true,for example,that the secret to a child's success is less rare genius than raw persistence,Twist's ability to stay on task is a model for us all,especially if the task is trying to capture the sunbeam that flicks around the living room as the wind blows through the branchesoutside.She never succeeds,and she never gives up.This includes when she runs square into walls.5/Then there is her unfailing patience,which breaks down only when she senses that dinnertime was15minutes ago and we have somehow failed to notice.Even then she is more eager than indignant,and her refusal to whine shows a restraint of which I'm not always capable when hungry.6/But the lesson I value most is the one in forgiveness,and Twist first offered this when she was still very young.When she was about7months old,we took her to the vet to be spayed(切除卵巢).We turned her over to a stranger,who proceeded to perform a procedure that was probably not pleasant.But when the vet returned her to us,limp and tender,there was no recrimination(反责),no How could you do that to me?It was as though she already knew that we would not intentionally cause her pain,and while she did not understand,she forgave and curled up with her head on my daughter's lap.7/I suppose we could have concluded that she was just blindly loyal and docile.But eventually we knew better.She is entirely capable of disobedience,as she has proved many times. She will ignore us when there are more interesting things to look at,rebuke us when we are careless,bark into the twilight when she has urgent messages to send.But her patience with our failings and fickleness and her willingness to give us a second chance are a daily lesson in gratitude.8/My friends who grew up with dogs tell me how when they were teenagers and trusted no one in the world,they could tell their dog all their secrets.It was the one friend who would not gossip or betray,could provide in the middle of the night the soft,unbegrudging comfort and peace that adolescence conspires to disrupt.An age that is all about growth and risk needs some anchors and weights,a model of steadfastness when all else is in flux.Sometimes I think Twist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash,one that hangs quietly at their side as they trot along but occasionally yanks them back to safety and solid ground.9/We've weighed so many decisions so carefully in raising our daughters-what school to send them to and what church to attend,when to give them cell phones and with what precautions. But when it comes to what really shapes their character and binds our family,I never would have thought we would owe so much to its smallest member.14.In the first paragraph,the author suggests that_______.A.a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQB.we need examples of how to follow one's heartC.her professor brother cares too much about IQD.she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal15.According to the passage,all the following are Twist's characteristics EXCEPT_____.A.resignationB.patienceC.forgivenessD.tenacity16.That Twist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that_____.A.Twist is capable of looking after the girlsB.Twist and the girls have become friendsC.Twist knows how to follow the girlsD.Twist's loyalty helps the girls grow up17.What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?A.Gratitude to Twist for her role.B.Difficulties in raising her children.C.Worries about what to buy for kids.D.Concerns about schooling and religion.PASSAGE THREE1/Most West African lorries are not in what one would call the first flush of youth,and[had learnt by bitter experience not to expect anything very much of them.But the lorry that arrived to take me up to the mountains was worse than anything I had seen before:it tottered on the borders of senile decay.It stood there on buckled wheels,wheezing and gasping with exhaustion from having to climb up the gentle slope to the camp,and1consigned myself and my loads to it with some fear.The driver,who was a cheerful fellow,pointed out that he would require my assistance in two very necessary operations:first,I had to keep the hand brake pressed down when travelling downhill,for unless it was held thus almost level with the floor it sullenly refused to function. Secondly,I had to keep a stern eye on the clutch,a willful piece of mechanism that seized every chance to leap out of its socket with a noise like a strangling leopard.As it was obvious that not even a West African lorry-driver could be successful in driving while crouched under the dashboard,1had to take over control of those instruments if I valued my life.So,while I ducked at intervals to put on the brake,amid the rich smell of burning rubber,our noble lorry jerked its way towards the mountains at a steady twenty miles per hour;sometimes,when a downward slope favoured it,it threw caution to the winds and careered(猛冲)along in a reckless fashion at twenty-five.2/For the first thirty miles the red earth road wound its way through the lowland forest,the giant trees standing in solid ranks alongside and their branches entwined(盘绕)in an archway of leaves above us.Slowly and almost imperceptibly the road started to climb upwards,looping its way in languid curves round the forested hills.In the back of the lorry the boys lifted up their voices in song:3/Home again,home again,4/When shall I see ma home?5/The driver hummed the refrain(副歌)softly to himself glancing at me to see if I would object.To his surprise I joined in and so while the lorry rolled onwards,the boys in the back maintained the chorus while the driver and I harmonized and sang complicated bits.6/Breaks in the forest became more frequent the higher we climbed,and presently a new type of undergrowth began to appear:massive tree-ferns standing at the roadside on their thick,squat hairy trunks.These ferns were the guardians of a new world,for suddenly,as though the hills had shrugged themselves free of a cloak,the forest disappeared.It lay behind us in the valley,while above us the hillside rose majestically,covered in a coat of waist-high grass.The lorry crept higher and higher,the engine gasping and shuddering with this unaccustomed activity.I began to think that we should have to push the wretched thing up the last two or three hundred feet,but to everyone's surprise we made it,and the lorry crept on to the brow of the hill,trembling with fatigue,spouting steam from its radiator like a dying whale.We crawled to a standstill and thedriver switched off the engine.7/"We must wait small-time,engine get hot,"he explained,pointing to the forequarters of the lorry,which were by now completely invisible under a cloud of steam.Thankfully I descended from the red-hot inside of the cab and strolled down to where the road dipped into the next valley. From this vantage point1could see the country we had travelled through and the country we18.Which of the following words in the first paragraph is used literally?A.Flush.B.Borders.C.GaspingD.Operations.19.We learn from the first paragraph that the author regards the inadequacies of the lorry as_____.A.inevitable and amusingB.dangerous and frighteningC.novel and unexpectedD.welcome and interesting20.All the following words in the last but one paragraph describe the lorry as a human EXCEPT_____.A.tremblingB.spoutingC.shudderingD.crept21.A suitable title for the passage would be.A.A journey that scared meB.The wild West African lorryC.A journey to rememberD.A comic journey in West Africa【以专八改革样卷的Lorry文学篇章为例——什么是文学的本质】范范_老师发布于2015年9月24日08:45“如果一群学生在一起讨论《呼啸山庄》，一个学生说Heathcliffe颜值并不高不值得Catherine 寻死觅活的，另一个学生说这二人的爱情根本没有多大讨论的价值，还有一人则言林顿太怂，等等。

专八翻译成功之路题型、命题来源、时间控制1.题型：大纲变化去掉英译汉，只保留汉译英汉译英大纲有极小变化A.测试要求：汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，速度为每小时约250-300汉字。

译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。

B.测试要求：能运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。

速度为每小时约250-300汉字。

译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。

2. 命题来源：翻译我国报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品3. 时间控制：25分钟，满分15分3分钟：通读全文，适当标记10分钟：逐句翻译，适当草稿10分钟：连贯通顺，书写译文2分钟：通读译文，适当微调答题卡：书写工整1.不写连笔，最好不用花体、圆体字2.单词之间距离适当摆开常见错误分析•大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。

所以人们对于大自然,全都一致并深深地依赖着。

尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。

种植庄稼和葡萄, 酿酒和饮酒, 喂牛和挤奶, 锄草和栽花; 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜, 在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。

往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。

这样, 每个地方都有自己的传说, 风俗也就衍传了下来。

常见错误一：词汇错误1.词的理解偏差2.词的上下搭配词汇错误1 ：词义理解偏差•(大自然的)恩赐: presents,gift given by nature•人，人们: human beings，men•种植(庄稼和葡萄):plant crops and grapes偏义复指：是指汉语词汇中的一种特殊的语法现象，就是由两个意义相近或相对语素构成,意义偏其中一个语素上；而另一个语素只是作为陪衬，只有一个形式，只起到构词的作用。

晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业，缘溪行，忘路之远近。

忽逢桃花林…….During the Tai-Yuan period of the Chin Dynasty, a fisherman from Wuling, forgetting how far he had advanced in following a creek, suddenly came to a forest of peach blossoms. ……During the Taiyuan period (376-396) of Jin a man of Wuling, who made his living as a fisherman, ascen ded a stream, forgetful of the distance he traveled. Suddenly he came upon a grove of peach trees in blossom.•栽(花): raise flowers•锄草:get rid of grass•结论1：汉英翻译，要注意中文词的内在意思，词和词之间的逻辑关系，关注“微观逻辑”。

16版考神团队专业八级特训班翻译讲义武峰内部使用禁止外传版权所有盗版必纠第一节增词与减词一般来说，英译汉增词，汉译英减词。

增词的主要种类有：1．He wished that he had asked her to dance,and that he knew her name.2．我进去看了，只记得门警是瑞士兵士，穿着黄色的制服，别的没有印象了。

3．The first day was crossed out,and the last thought which went through my mind at the end of this important day was:After all---I do not belong here;I am just loaned.4．1998年是联合国确定的国际海洋年，中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业发展的情况。

5．中国有12亿多人口，陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。

6．目前，中国的粮食单产水平与世界粮食高产的国家相比还是比较低的，中国要在短时间内达到粮食高产国家的水平难度较大，但是经过努力是完全可以实现的。

7．在播种面积相对稳定的前提下，只要1996年到2010年粮食单产年均递增1%，2011年到2030年年均递增0.7%，就可以达到预期的粮食总产量目标。

8．Before1760,it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes.By1820,it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.9.Despite the great gains in industry,agriculture remained the nation’s basic occupation.10.Their galabias and turbans stained by the sweat and dirt of a long day’s work,they sat in front of a wayside shop,enjoying three of the best things in life along the Nile---tea,conversation,and the water pipe.第三节主谓搭配一般来说，汉语的主语较长，谓语和宾语较短。

英语专业八级中英翻译辅导：翻译复习1英语专业八级中英翻译辅导:翻译复习1Michael Jordan, a basketball player in whom commentators have discerned aristocratic qualities and supernatural powers, has retired from the game that made him one of the worlds' best known and best paid sportsmen.Last week's announcement was premature by most people's measurement - Jordan is 30 and at the height of his playing and earning power - but it was not, by his own account, taken hastily, or rashly. "This is, " he said, with a rare stumble, " the perfect timing for me to walk away."After three championships with the Chicago Bulls, a second gold medal with the US team at the 1992 Olympics, Jordan felt his motivation slipping away. "I'm at the pinnacle, " he told a thronged press conference. "I just feel I don't have anything else to prove."But this explanation may appear too simple to satisfy the skeptics, who have recently discovered that Jordan does not lead an untroubled private life. First came the allegations that he gambled - in a country where gambling is mostly illegal - and that his gambling was out of control. Then his father was shot dead on July 23.(参考译文)迈克尔.乔丹，一位被评论家们誉为有着贵族气质和超凡才华的篮球运动员，已经从篮坛隐退，而正是篮球这项运动。

翻译的复习与应试精讲翻译是一门艺术, 同时又是一种实践。

它是对英语综合能力的考查，没有一定的英语基本功，要想在这部分得到高的分数是不可能的。

但是，具有了一定的英语基础，并不等于具有较高的翻译能力。

因此在学习和复习时掌握一些翻译的基本常识和一些常用方法,针对考试中经常出现的一些语言现象, 仔细分析一些翻译实例, 总结出一些规律性的东西, 再加以必要的练习, 对考生来说是非常必要的，而且在短时间内提高自己在该部分的得分是完全有可能的。

试题与考生应试情况分析通过考试试题的分析，我们发现英译汉试题中的英文句子大致有以下三个特点：1. 句子较长，其中包括定语从句、状语从句等从属结构，致使句子结构复杂，意思不容易把握。

2. 句子虽然不长，但其中包含着较难理解的词、词组或短语，尤其是一些表示抽象意义的词，另外，句子中往往含有比较复杂的语法现象。

3．考查的翻译技巧主要包括: (1)定语从句的译法; (2) 被动语态的处理; (3) 长句的的处理等等。

掌握这些规律为我们复习应考提供了很大的方便，考生可以根据自己的实际情况，多选择一些与上述内容有关的文章，多做一些有关的练习，并结合这类文章的特点，在练习的过程中总结出一些规律性的东西。

根据我们的经验, 考生在这部分表现出的主要障碍有以下几个方面:1．缺乏基本的翻译常识作为公共英语学习者, 由于客观条件的限制, 他们在英语学习的过程中很少或根本就没有进行过系统的翻译训练, 更缺乏对翻译要求以及翻译过程等一些常识性的东西基本的了解, 因此在考前复习和考试过程中一筹莫展, 无从下手。

2．对于英译汉翻译技巧知之甚少任何事情都有其内在的规律, 翻译也不例外, 作为考生, 在备考时应掌握一些英译汉过程中经常采用的翻译技巧, 注意体会英语和汉语之间的差异, 同时要特别注意考试中经常考的一些技巧, 并总结其中的翻译规律。

3．划线的部分理解不透为了增加试题的难度, 试题设计者往往选择那些语法结构错综复杂的部分, 这就要求我们在复习时, 对于翻译练习的句子, 要仔细分析它们的语言结构, 尤其是要注意那些具有分割定语从句等复杂语法现象的句子, 在分析好句子结构并真正理解之后,再动手翻译。

16版考神团队专业八级特训班阅读讲义@范范_老师标***者为与潜在高级写作相关的文章或内含词汇句型最为丰富的文章，建议深度熟读请注意真实考卷上是没有段落标号的。

【注意：以下真题中题干标黑表红的为本课程训练中可以改造为Paraphrase-短问答题型的样题，请参考题干后我出的模拟问句。

】2016专八阅读样卷（等同15年考卷）PASSAGE ONE1/In2011,many shoppers opted to avoid the frenetic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer.Sales at online retailers gained by more than15%, making it the biggest season ever.But people are also returning those purchases at record rates,up 8%from last year.2/What went wrong?Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences?Or do people shop more impulsively-and therefore make bad decisions-when online?Both arguments are plausible.However,there is a third factor:a question of touch.We can love the look but,in an online environment,we cannot feel the quality of a texture,the shape of the fit,the fall of a fold or the weight of an earring.And physically interacting with an object makes you more committed to your purchase.3/When my most recent book Brandwashed was released,I teamed up with a local bookstore to conduct an experiment about the differences between the online and offline shopping.I carefully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways.The first was a fairly hands-off approach.Whenever a customer would inquire about my book,the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it.Out of20such requests,six customers proceeded with the purchase.4/The second option also involved going over to the shelf but,this time,removing the book and then subtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer's hands.Of the20people who were handed the book,13ended up buying it.Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales.Why?We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things in our hand.That's why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake.In this case,having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss,and motivate us to make the purchase even more.5/A recent study conducted by Bangor University together with the United Kingdom's Royal Mail service also revealed the power of touch,in this case when it came to snail mail.A deeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter,as opposed to receiving the same message online.FMRIs(功能性磁共振成像)showed that,on touching the paper,the emotional centre of the brain was activated,thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indicated that once touch becomes part of the process,it could translate into a sense of possession.In other words,we simply feel more committed to possess and thus buy an item when we've first touched it.This sense of ownership is simply not part of the equation in theonline shopping experience.6/As the rituals of purchase in the lead-up to Christmas change,not only do we give less thought to the type of gifts we buy for our loved ones but,through our own digital wish lists,we increasingly control what they buy for us.The reality,however,is that no matter how convinced we all are that digital is the way to go,finding real satisfaction will probably take more than a few simple clicks.11.According to the author,shoppers are returning their purchases for all the following reasons EXCEPT that________.A.they are unsatisfied with the quality of the purchaseB.they eventually find the purchase too expensiveC.they change their mind out of uncertaintyD.they regret making the purchase without forethought12.Why does the author cite the study by Bangor University and the Royal Mail Service?A.To compare similar responses in different settings.B.To provide further evidence for his own observation.C.To offer a scientific account of the brain's functions.D.To describe emotional responses in online shopping.13.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Despite online shopping we still attach importance to gift buying.B.Some people are still uncertain about the digital age.C.Real satisfaction depends on factors other than the computer.D.Online shopping offers real satisfaction to shoppers.PASSAGE TWO1/My professor brother and I have an argument about head and heart,about whether lie overvalues IQ while I lean more toward EQ.We typically have this debate about people-can you be friends with a really smart jerk（怪物）?-but there's corollary to animals as well.I'd love it if our dog could fetch the morning paper and then read it to me over coffee,but I actually care much more about her loyal and innocent heart.There's already enough thinking going on in our house, and we probably spend too much time in our heads.Where we need some role modeling is in instinct,and that's where a dog is a roving revelation.2/I did not grow up with dogs,which meant that my older daughter's respectful but unyielding determination to get one required some adjustment on my part.I often felt she was training me:from ages of6to9,she gently schooled me in various breeds and their personalities, whispered to the dogs we encountered so they would charm and persuade me,demonstrated by her self-discipline that she was ready for the responsibility.And thus came our dog Twist,whom I sometimes mistake for a third daughter.3/At first1thought the challenge would be to train her to sit.to heel,to walk calmly beside us and not go wildly chasing the neighbourhood rabbits.But1soon discovered how much more we had to learn from her than she from us.4/If it is true,for example,that the secret to a child's success is less rare genius than raw persistence,Twist's ability to stay on task is a model for us all,especially if the task is trying to capture the sunbeam that flicks around the living room as the wind blows through the branchesoutside.She never succeeds,and she never gives up.This includes when she runs square into walls.5/Then there is her unfailing patience,which breaks down only when she senses that dinnertime was15minutes ago and we have somehow failed to notice.Even then she is more eager than indignant,and her refusal to whine shows a restraint of which I'm not always capable when hungry.6/But the lesson I value most is the one in forgiveness,and Twist first offered this when she was still very young.When she was about7months old,we took her to the vet to be spayed(切除卵巢).We turned her over to a stranger,who proceeded to perform a procedure that was probably not pleasant.But when the vet returned her to us,limp and tender,there was no recrimination(反责),no How could you do that to me?It was as though she already knew that we would not intentionally cause her pain,and while she did not understand,she forgave and curled up with her head on my daughter's lap.7/I suppose we could have concluded that she was just blindly loyal and docile.But eventually we knew better.She is entirely capable of disobedience,as she has proved many times. She will ignore us when there are more interesting things to look at,rebuke us when we are careless,bark into the twilight when she has urgent messages to send.But her patience with our failings and fickleness and her willingness to give us a second chance are a daily lesson in gratitude.8/My friends who grew up with dogs tell me how when they were teenagers and trusted no one in the world,they could tell their dog all their secrets.It was the one friend who would not gossip or betray,could provide in the middle of the night the soft,unbegrudging comfort and peace that adolescence conspires to disrupt.An age that is all about growth and risk needs some anchors and weights,a model of steadfastness when all else is in flux.Sometimes I think Twist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash,one that hangs quietly at their side as they trot along but occasionally yanks them back to safety and solid ground.9/We've weighed so many decisions so carefully in raising our daughters-what school to send them to and what church to attend,when to give them cell phones and with what precautions. But when it comes to what really shapes their character and binds our family,I never would have thought we would owe so much to its smallest member.14.In the first paragraph,the author suggests that_______.A.a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQB.we need examples of how to follow one's heartC.her professor brother cares too much about IQD.she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal15.According to the passage,all the following are Twist's characteristics EXCEPT_____.A.resignationB.patienceC.forgivenessD.tenacity16.That Twist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that_____.A.Twist is capable of looking after the girlsB.Twist and the girls have become friendsC.Twist knows how to follow the girlsD.Twist's loyalty helps the girls grow up17.What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?A.Gratitude to Twist for her role.B.Difficulties in raising her children.C.Worries about what to buy for kids.D.Concerns about schooling and religion.PASSAGE THREE1/Most West African lorries are not in what one would call the first flush of youth,and[had learnt by bitter experience not to expect anything very much of them.But the lorry that arrived to take me up to the mountains was worse than anything I had seen before:it tottered on the borders of senile decay.It stood there on buckled wheels,wheezing and gasping with exhaustion from having to climb up the gentle slope to the camp,and1consigned myself and my loads to it with some fear.The driver,who was a cheerful fellow,pointed out that he would require my assistance in two very necessary operations:first,I had to keep the hand brake pressed down when travelling downhill,for unless it was held thus almost level with the floor it sullenly refused to function. Secondly,I had to keep a stern eye on the clutch,a willful piece of mechanism that seized every chance to leap out of its socket with a noise like a strangling leopard.As it was obvious that not even a West African lorry-driver could be successful in driving while crouched under the dashboard,1had to take over control of those instruments if I valued my life.So,while I ducked at intervals to put on the brake,amid the rich smell of burning rubber,our noble lorry jerked its way towards the mountains at a steady twenty miles per hour;sometimes,when a downward slope favoured it,it threw caution to the winds and careered(猛冲)along in a reckless fashion at twenty-five.2/For the first thirty miles the red earth road wound its way through the lowland forest,the giant trees standing in solid ranks alongside and their branches entwined(盘绕)in an archway of leaves above us.Slowly and almost imperceptibly the road started to climb upwards,looping its way in languid curves round the forested hills.In the back of the lorry the boys lifted up their voices in song:3/Home again,home again,4/When shall I see ma home?5/The driver hummed the refrain(副歌)softly to himself glancing at me to see if I would object.To his surprise I joined in and so while the lorry rolled onwards,the boys in the back maintained the chorus while the driver and I harmonized and sang complicated bits.6/Breaks in the forest became more frequent the higher we climbed,and presently a new type of undergrowth began to appear:massive tree-ferns standing at the roadside on their thick,squat hairy trunks.These ferns were the guardians of a new world,for suddenly,as though the hills had shrugged themselves free of a cloak,the forest disappeared.It lay behind us in the valley,while above us the hillside rose majestically,covered in a coat of waist-high grass.The lorry crept higher and higher,the engine gasping and shuddering with this unaccustomed activity.I began to think that we should have to push the wretched thing up the last two or three hundred feet,but to everyone's surprise we made it,and the lorry crept on to the brow of the hill,trembling with fatigue,spouting steam from its radiator like a dying whale.We crawled to a standstill and thedriver switched off the engine.7/"We must wait small-time,engine get hot,"he explained,pointing to the forequarters of the lorry,which were by now completely invisible under a cloud of steam.Thankfully I descended from the red-hot inside of the cab and strolled down to where the road dipped into the next valley. From this vantage point1could see the country we had travelled through and the country we18.Which of the following words in the first paragraph is used literally?A.Flush.B.Borders.C.GaspingD.Operations.19.We learn from the first paragraph that the author regards the inadequacies of the lorry as_____.A.inevitable and amusingB.dangerous and frighteningC.novel and unexpectedD.welcome and interesting20.All the following words in the last but one paragraph describe the lorry as a human EXCEPT_____.A.tremblingB.spoutingC.shudderingD.crept21.A suitable title for the passage would be.A.A journey that scared meB.The wild West African lorryC.A journey to rememberD.A comic journey in West Africa【以专八改革样卷的Lorry文学篇章为例——什么是文学的本质】范范_老师发布于2015年9月24日08:45“如果一群学生在一起讨论《呼啸山庄》，一个学生说Heathcliffe颜值并不高不值得Catherine 寻死觅活的，另一个学生说这二人的爱情根本没有多大讨论的价值，还有一人则言林顿太怂，等等。